CONTENTS
Preface 23
SECTION - I
Basic Issues in Economic Development
1. Economic Development and
Under Development 27
- Introduction
- What does Development Mean
- Economic Growth and Economic Development
The New View of Economic Development
Development as a Multi-dimensional Process
Three Core Values of Development
- Development, Freedom and Opportunities
- Human Development
Sustainable Human Development ·
What Makes Development Unsustainable?
Policy for Sustainable Development - Human Development Index
- Progress and Setbacks in Human Development
Advances in Human Development-A Global Snapshot
The Lirnirs co Human Devcloprnenr
The End of Convergence?
India-A Globalisation Success Story with a Mixed Record on Human Development
- National Human Development Report - 2001 • Indicators
- State of Human Development in India • State Level
... Contd ....
10
Indian Economy: Performance and Policies
... Contd ....
2. The Environment and Development 46
- Introduction
The Basic Issues
Sustainable Development and Environmental Accounting
Population, Resources, and the Environment
Poverty and Environment
Growth versus the Environment
Rural Development and the Environment
Urban Development and the Environment
The Global Environment Consequences of Environmental Damage The Indian Case
• Consequences of Environmental Plunder - Public Policy
SECTION - II
Indian Economy at Independence
3. India's Economy at Independence 57
- Introduction
The Relative Importance of Various Industrial Activities • Composition of National Income
The Working Force
The Agrarian Scene
Stagnating Agriculture
Causes
- India's Industrial Production and its Structure
India's Industrial Resources
The Decline of Traditional Industry and the Development of Modern Industry
Some other Economic Indicators of Economic Backwardness - Some Positive Features
Contents in Detail
11
SECTION - III Policy Regimes
4. Planning in India: Development
Strategy and Role of State 70
- Evolution of Planning
- Structural Constraints and the Development Strategy
- Role of the State as Visualised in the Fifties
- Evolution of Strategy and Priorities
- Changing Perceptions
The Role of Planning
• Redefining the Role of State
The Government, the State and the Market - Cooperative Action
5. Economic Reform and Liberalisation 88
- Debate on Liberalisation
Economic Reform
The Background
The Macroeconomic Crisis
Rationale for the Reforms
Macroeconomic Reforms
Structural Reforms
- Implementation of the Agenda
- Removal of QRs
- National Structural Adjustment Programme
- Safety Net
Macroeconomic Impact of Reforms
Fiscal Adjustment and Stabilisation
Political Resistance to Reform
Concerns Regarding Social and Political Implications of Reform
Impact of the New Economic Policy on the Vulnerable Sections
Conclusion
- The Next Round of Reforms
SECTION -IV
Growth, Development and Structural Change
6. India's Growth Experience 115
- The Performance
- Two Phases of Growth
- Assessment of Performance
- Causal Factors
- What Next?
- Sectoral Composition of Real GDP
- Inter-regional Disparities in Growth and Development
Implications of Inter-state Inequality
Sectoral Composition of Growth
Causal Factors - Investment
a Planning and Public Investment a Private Investment
- Technical Change
- Institutions and Governance
The Way Ahead - Conclusion
7. Institutional Reforms for
Agricultural Growth 137
- Land Systems at the Time of Independence
• Feudal Agrarian Structure
- Policies for Restructuring Agrarian Relations
Economic Arguments in Favour of Land Reform
Abolition of Intermediaries
Ceiling on Land Holdings
Tenancy Reforms
Consolidation of Holdings
Co-operative Farming
- Impact of Structural Reorganisation
- Emerging Perspectives and Policy Issues
- Land Reforms: Approach Paper to the
Eleventh Plan
8. Policies for Regulating Pattern of Investment and Concentration of
Economic Power in Industry 147
- Evolution of Industrial Control Regime
- Performance of the Industrial Licensing System
- New Economic Policy
9. India's Economic Performance
and Challenges 156
- Towards Faster and More Inclusive Growth
- Strengths of the Economy
- Some Major Challenges
Regaining Agricultural Dynamism
Changing Employment Patterns
Providing Essential Public Services for the Poor
Increasing Manufacturing Competitiveness
Developing Human Resources
Protecting the Environment
Improving Rehabilitation and Resettlement Practices
Improving Governance
Disparities and Divides
10. Unemployment and Employment
Perspective 169
- Population and Labour Force Projections
- Concepts and Measurement
- Measurement of Employment and Unemployment
- Recent Trends in Employment and Unemployment Situation
Employment and Unemployment (60th Round of NSSO)
Results of 61st Round of NSSO Survey - Indian Labour Laws and Labour Markets
- Strategies and Policies for Employment Generation
Eleventh Plan Approach Paper on Employment
Promoting Employment Generation
o Changing Employment Patterns
o Employment Generating Sectors
o National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme (NREGP)
o Self-Employment Programmes
11. Poverty in India 190
- Magnitude and Determinants
• The Selection of Poverty Lines - State Level Poverty Ratios
- Basic Minimum Services
- Policy
• Flaws in Policies and Programmes - Targeting
- Accountability
- Role of NGOs and Voluntary Organisations
- Growth and Poverty
12. Demographic Constraint: Interaction between Population Change and
Economic Development 212
- Economic Development-and Population Growth
The Theory of Demographic Transition
The Micro Economic Theory of Fertility
How Does Population Growth Affect Economic Development - Population and Labour Force Projections
- The Ongoing Demographic Transition:
Challenges and Opportunities
- Demographic Trends in India
Period of Low Population Growth
Period of Rapid Growth and Population Explosion
Period of Some Decline in Rate of Growth 1981 Onwards Trends in Birth and Death Rates
• Causes of High Birth Rate
o Social Factors
o Economic Factors
Fertility Rate
Causes of Decline in Death Rate
o Control of Epidemics
o Control of Famines
