UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
HEALTH ALLIED STRAND
GENERAL BIOLOGY 2
3rd Quarter, AY 2017-2018
LABORATORY EXERCISE # 1
Cell Reproduction in Animal and Plant Cells
Objectives:
1. Differentiate the life cycle of plant and animal based on the specimen
2. Identify stages of mitosis and meiosis in selected plant and animal samples
3. Demonstrate the principle of crossing over by using simple materials
Materials:
• Blank laboratory sheet (by group)
• Hardcopy and softcopy pictures of dividing cells in
o onion root tip (Allium cepa)
o whitefish blastula (Coregonus sp.)
o lily anther (Lilium sp.)
o grasshopper testis (Caelifera)
• Art materials (you may modify the materials based on your preference)
o Coloring pens/pencils/markers
o Different colors of wires/rope/yarn/clay (minimum of 2 colors)
o Glue/tape
o Scissors
Method:
I. Life cycle of higher plants and animals
1. Carefully study the figures in the laboratory sheet.
2. Answer the given questions.
II. Mitosis and meiosis in animals and plants
3. Carefully study the cells on your prepared pictures.
4. On your printed picture (hardcopy), encircle and label all stages of mitosis and meiosis.
5. Based on your saved picture (softcopy), illustrate and identify the different stages of mitosis and
meiosis in proper order.
6. Label structures the following structures in your illustration (if applicable): spindle fibers,
centrosomes/centrioles, equatorial plane, homologous chromosomes, sister chromatids, cleavage
furrow, nucleus, daughter cells, crossing over
Note: Attach printed pictures to your laboratory sheet.
III. Chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis
1. Create a chromosome model of each stage in mitosis and meiosis using your art materials.
2. Label the following structures (if applicable): spindle fibers, centrosomes/centrioles, centromere,
chromosomes, sister chromatids, cleavage furrow, nucleus, chiasma, synapsis, recombinant
chromosome
3. Demonstrate crossing over for meiosis.
4. Take a picture of all chromosome models. Compile for your laboratory report.
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
HEALTH ALLIED STRAND
GENERAL BIOLOGY 2
3rd Quarter, AY 2017-2018
LABORATORY SHEET # 1
Cell Reproduction in Animal and Plant Cells
12HA- _______ GROUP# ________
Name (Last, First, M.I.) Signature
I. Life Cycle of Higher Plants & Animals Study the figures below. Answer the questions on the next page.
Retrieved from: https://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/139450_Angiospermae.jpg
Retrieved from: http://www.vcbio.science.ru.nl/images/cellcycle/mlifecycle-man_eng.gif
1. What is sporophytic generation? What is the ploidy of the cell? _____________________________________________
2. What is gametophytic generation? What is the ploidy of the cell? ____________________________________________
3. What is the term for this life cycle of angiosperms? _______________________________________________________
4. What is the ploidy of human egg and sperm cells? _________________________________________________________
5. What is the ploidy of a fertilized egg? __________________________________________________________________
6. What is the term for this reproductive cycle of higher animals? _____________________________________________
I.a. Development of sperm and egg cells Study the figure below and answer the following questions.
Retrieved from: http://bodell.mtchs.org/OnlineBio/BIOCD/text/chapter33/33images/33-03.gif
7. The figure above is also called as the process of __________________________________________________________
8. Which development produces more number of functional sex cell? __________________________________________
9. What is the function of the polar bodies? _______________________________________________________________
GUIDE QUESTIONS (for Laboratory Report)
1. What is the cell cycle? What are the phases of the cell cycle?
2. Define the following types of reproductive cycle: haplontic (isogamy), haplontic (oogamy), haplodiplontic
3. What is the reproductive cycle exhibited by the following organisms: Zea mays, Agarricus sp., Felis catus, Coregonus
sp., Allium cepa, Homo sapiens
4. Identify and explain at least three importance of cell reproduction.
II. Mitosis and Meiosis
II.a. Mitosis in plants
Specimen: _________________________
Interphase Prophase Metaphase
Anaphase Telophase
II.b. Mitosis in animals
Specimen: _________________________
Interphase Prophase Metaphase
Anaphase Telophase
II.b. Meiosis in plants
Specimen: _________________________
MEIOSIS 1
Prophase 1 Metaphase 1 Anaphase 1
Anaphase 1 Telophase 1
MEIOSIS 2
Prophase 2 Metaphase 2 Anaphase 2
Anaphase 2 Telophase 2
II.c. Meiosis in animals
Specimen: _________________________
MEIOSIS 1
Prophase 1 Metaphase 1 Anaphase 1
Anaphase 1 Telophase 1
MEIOSIS 2
Prophase 2 Metaphase 2 Anaphase 2
Anaphase 2 Telophase 2
1. Briefly describe the following stages of Mitosis in your own words:
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
2. What is karyokinesis? ________________________________________________________________________
3. What is cytokinesis? _________________________________________________________________________
4. Differentiate the following: Anaphase I, Anaphase II, Anaphase in mitosis _______________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
GUIDE QUESTIONS (for Laboratory Report)
1. What are the differences of Mitosis and Meiosis?
2. Why is there a continuous cell division at the root tip of onions? How do you call this region?
3. Does karyokinesis and cytokinesis happen simultaneously?
4. What are the importance of mitosis and meiosis?
III. Chromosome model of mitosis and meiosis
Draw the draft of your model.
MITOSIS
MEIOSIS
GUIDE QUESTIONS (for Laboratory Report)
1. Why are chromosomes important in cell division?
2. What is the importance of crossing over? How and when does it occur?
