i} Phrases and pauses Reading aloud TREY when you listen to English, perhaps you think it’s difficult to understand because it’s too fast. ‘And perhaps you would like to speak faster. But when people speak English - or any other language they don’t speak fast and non-stop. They speak in short phrases, and they stop, or pause, between the phrases. TED Fist, read this story, and make sure you understand it. Lots of people get arrested for dangerous driving, of course. But how old is the oldest? Who's the world record holder? Well, | read about a man who was a hundred and four! He went thi lights, crashed into parked cars and drove along the pavement. And how old was his car? Only thirty. 2% Now listen to the story, reading at the same time, and notice the pauses between the lines. Lots of people get arrested for dangerous driving of course. But how old is the oldest? Who's the world record holder? Well, I read about a man who was a hundred and four! And how old was his car? Only thirty. @% Tes OK - or even better — to pause more often, because it gives you more time to think of what to say next, and it makes listening easier. Listen to this version ~ ‘words are the same, but there are more pauses. to of people fe dagwos tn how old is the oldest? Who's the world record holder? Well, tread about a man who was a hundred and four! He went through red lights, crashed into parked cars and drove along the pavement. ‘And how old was his car? Only thirty. 2% Ips also important to stress the most important words. Listen again, and this time notice the stress on the words in bold. ‘And hhow old was his car? Only thirty. Practise reading this story, phrase by phrase, paying attention to the pauses and the stresses. 4 Engish Pronunciation in Use (Elementary)33.1 30 932 cH on Section C Phrases, sentences and grammar Exercises Listen to this story and mark the pauses like this: / . ‘Afew years ago / I read in a newspaper / that the staff at a library A few years ogo | read in 2 newspaper thatthe staf at a lbray in 2. small town in the west of England had noticed that the number of visitors to the library was and down, and the number of books they were borrowing was going down They cault undersand ths, so they decided reason. They interviewed people and asked them to fil in questionnaires and so ‘guess what they discovered. The reason was simply that everybody had read all already! 1 Au ue $3. 8 4 g Check with the Key. Listen again and mark the main stresses by underlining them. AA few years ago /I read in a newspaper / that the staff at a library ... Check with the Key and practise reading the story yourself. You could also practise reading together with the recording. Listen to this story and mark the pauses. This seems unbelievable but it’s a true story in with his tractor. The tractor crashed and he unconscious. As he fell, his mobile phone fell out was flying around the fields saw the phone and ‘Amazingly it dialled the number 999 and soon the farmer. Check with the Key. Listen again and mark the main stresses. Check with the Key and practise reading the story yourself. You could also practise reading together with the recording. Tip: You might find it helpful to rewrite the stories with each phrase on a separate line, like this: AA few years ago Tread in a newspaper that the staff at a library ... Note: When we write, we mark some of the main pauses with commas, like this: This seems unbelievable, but it's a true story, in fact. English Pronunciation in Use (Elementary) 1534 Speak it, write it, read it Linking words together 1 ‘When we write there are spaces between all the words, but when we speak we link a lot of the whenwespeakswelinkalotofthewordstogether. words together, so it sounds like this: GB Listen and notice how a consonant sound at the end of a word is linked to a vowel sound at the start of the next word. Look_at that! Breakfast_in bed! ‘A: Bought_it? B: No, caught_it! That’s_enough! Switch_it_off! Now say the sentences, making the same links. $3 Of course, we can also separate the words if we want to. Listen to the difference. I said switch ... it ... offt!! Switch it off! —_ OR Busy Speak_it ‘Work_all day Write_it Run_away foals Boss_and me You know Cari agree you really Fill_a cup need_it! Drink_it_up Wait_a while Don't t_8 wil First you dose_it Walk_a mile thee you lock it Meet_at_eight ‘And put the key back_in your pocket. Don't be late Ce The letter h at the of he, his, her and him is often not pronounced (see Unit 37) so the frst (agertant sound in these words is often a vowel sound. Listen. or ustenmg) Can we go back? My husband's forgotten_{h)is passport ‘A; Where's the boss? B: | don't know, | haven't seen_(h}er. (45s Where there's a/'/ sound before a vowel, some people don't pronounce the ['f clearly. Listen. switch_i(t) off —drink_ilt) up can‘) agree 7 English Pronunciation in Use (Elementary) Breakfast in bed!34.1 34.2 34.3 Section C Phrases, sentences and grammar Exercises Mark where you think there will be links between consonants and vowels, 1 Choose the correct_answer and tick it. 2. Which page is it on? 3. How do you spell it? 4 How do you pronounce it? 5 What does it mean? 6 I can’t understand this. 7 Look it up in your dictionary. 8 Itisn’t easy to speak English. 9 Listen — which language is that? 10 Don't worry if you make a mistake. Listen to check your answers. Check with the Key. Then listen and repeat. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs. EXAMPLE A: How did you feel? B: felt... (feel) all right. 1 A: What do you think of yoga? B: don't know, I've never . 2 A: What happened to my favourite cup? — (fall) off the table. 3 A: Which film shall we go to? B: I don’t mind. I've (See) all of them before. 4 A; You look pleased. x Bz Yes, PV enn (find) a new job. 5 A: What did you do last night? just ......—... (stay) at home. ie 6 A: Where did you buy that hat? uuu (make) it myself! 7 A: Does your dog like biscuits? B:I don't know, P've never (ask) it. 8 A: How did you get here? Where did you buy that hat? B: 1 ____.. (swim) across the river. Listen to check your answers. Check with the Key. Then listen and repeat. Be sure to link the final ‘consonant of the verb with the vowel at the beginning of the next word. — (try) it. Circle the /r/ sounds that you think will be pronounced. (See Unit 22.) 1 Where are you going? 2. Where shall we go? 3. Where did I put my scissors? 4 I don’t know where I put my scissors. 5 Have another biscuit. 6 Have another apple. 7 They're all coming with us. 8 They're coming with us. 9 Are you sure? 10 Are you sure about that? Listen to check your answers. Check with the Key. Then listen and repeat. If there's an /r/ sound before a vowel, link the /r/ and the vowel. English Pronunciation in Use (Elementary) ni} 5 Me and you, you and me Linking words together 2 ‘We use the sounds /i/ and /w/ to link a vowel sound at the end of a word with a vowel sound at the beginning of the next word. Gf the first word ends with a vowel sound like /i/ or /:/, and the next word starts with any vowel sound, we use /j/ to link the words. Listen, #6 If the first word ends with a vowel sound like /o/ or /u:/, and the next word starts with any vowel sound, we use /w/ to link the words, Listen, you_“and me “or three outside Listen and repeat these poems. Or Asking the way Yes. Go_Vout of the building. Go_along the street. Go_“over the bridge. Go_Wacross the street. Go_™up the hill Take the_leighth street on your left. {And the “leleventh on your right. Then fm not sure ~ You'll have to_“ask again. Hats Il do_*one for you Ill give you_“one too a nice one anew_“one a yellow_“and blue_“one. (10 The letter h at the beginning of he, his, her and him is often not pronounced (see Unit 37), so the first sound in these words i often a vowel sound. Listen. He can't come out tonight. He's got to do_"(h)is homework. ‘A: I'm afraid the boss is busy. B: When can I see_(h}er? 78 English Pronunciation in Use (Elementary)‘Section C Phrases, sentences and grammar Exercises 35.1 Listen and complete the dialogues. Then mark the /j/ and /w/ links. Oy A: — Da pau otea. go swimming? B: Not really I or twice a month. lester in the alphabet? B: Maybeive Gorn? 3 A: When do holiday? B: We ____ July or August. 4 A: What's your ? B: Twenty-eight, Sea Avenue. 5 A: Try soon. B: OK, Pll send you my answer ——_______.. 6 A: Look! There's the mountains. B: Really? Ican’t Check with the Key. Then listen and repeat. 35.2 Mark where you think there will be /j/ and /w/ links between words. 1 Isit blue_*or grey? 2 What day is it today? ‘Thursday or Friday? 3 Coffee or tea? 4 Where's my interview suit? 5 Play a song for me. 6 Hello. Reception? Which city is this? 7 See you in the evening. 8 Why do we always [2 Listen to check your answers. Check with the Key. Then listen and repeat. 35.3 Complete the answers to the questions and mark all the /j/ and /w/ links in the dialogues. 1 A: Are you the new assistant? B: Yes, I 2 A: Is he in the same class as you? B: No, he 3 A: Am late? B: No, you... Come 4 A: Is she coming with us? B: Yes, she 5 A: These chairs aren't very comfortable, are they? B: No, they ——w-——--+ listen to check your answers. Check with the Key. Then listen and repeat. English Pronunciation in Use (Elementary) 7sTake me to the show, Jo Rhythm Stressed and unstressed syllables in words make different rhythms. Listen. Oo answer 00 belong O00. interview 000 banana g BS TD _ Phrases have a rhythm of stressed and unstressed syllables, like words. (A Listen and repeat these words and phrases with this rhythm: Ooo interview telephone talk to me told you so doesn’t it? ‘C45 Listen and repeat these words and phrases with this rhythm: 000 important discussion Ttold you I'd like to. pronounce it Listen and repeat these words and phrases with this rhythm: 0000 photographic information forty-seven what about it? never tried it 454 Listen and repeat these phrases with this rhythm: 0ooO time to get up making mistakes tell me again give me your hand twenty years old 80 English Pronunciation in Use (Elementary)36.2 36.3 36.4 ‘Section C Phrases, sentences and grammar Exercises Read the phrases. Then listen and write 1 if the phrase has the pattern 0000, and 2 if it has the pattern 0000. what's the matter? | what shall we do? 2 stand in the queue what about you? see you later tell the others feeling better nothing to do come for dinner anyone there? round the corner ready to go on the TV two and a half go and find it asking for more what's the problem? now and again ‘one pound forty leave it to me half a kilo sixty-seven breakfasts ready quarter to four Check with the Key. Then listen and repeat. Listen to this chant with this rhythm: 00000. Write in the missing words. Pass me the ___,jam__, Pam Soon as you Van Wait in the queue, Sue ‘Almost forgot, Scott Lend me your —__..., Ben Where shall we go, Flo? Mike? Get anew —___, Bob How do you ‘Check with the Key. Then listen again and repeat. Listen to this chant with this rhythm: 000000. Write in the missing words. ‘Take me to the —....Show., Jo ‘When will you be back, Jack? ‘Thank you for the food, Jude Always OM the ney JON See you in the —..__._., Mark When did you arrive, Clive? Really like the hat, Pat Have a glass of ._._.___., Bruce. See you on the .... ., Jane Check with the Key. Then listen again and repeat. Listen and repeat these poems. Be careful to say them with the right rhythm, ‘Too late cx Travel Before | go - Heavy, light I told you so The left and the right told you, Hollow my feet but you stil don't know. Through the day and the night. ‘Meeting ced Concentration Really can't wait Central station Its never too late Information ‘Quarter to eight? Tying to make a reservation That would be great. Not too keen on conversation Don't want any complications. : < « English Pronunciation in Use (Elementary) aHey, wait for me! Strong and weak forms 1: Pronouns Some words have two different pronunciations — a strong form and a weak form. Normally we use the weak form, but if the word is stressed because itis especially important, or because we want to show a contrast, we use the strong form. Most pronouns have strong and weak forms. weak strong you Tial Tul me Toul Ton he Tl Tait she Til Tia him hind Tuml her Palor Ina Thai * The rat the end of her is we Teal Twit Pronouveed before a vowel (see us Jost Jost Give her_a chance. them [aml Tem TID) 69 Listen to the difference, and repeat. A: Will you be at the meeting on Friday? {you is weak) B: Yes, Will you be there? (you is strong) Can you help me carry this suitcase? (me is weak) Hey, wait for me! (me is strong) ‘As Is he there? (he is weak) B: Who? A: The boss. No. Everybody else is working, but he’s gone home! (he is strong) [A: She doesn’t smoke or drink! (she is strong) B: Ah, that’s whar she told you! (she is weak) A: Look ~ it’s him! (him is strong) B: Where? I can’t see him. (him is weak) ‘A: Do you know that woman? B: Her? No, | don't recognise her. (first her is strong, second her is weak) A: I'm afraid we can’t stay any longer. (we is weak) B: What do you mean, ‘we’? I've got plenty of time. (we is strong) A: They rold us to go this way. (us is weak) B: Well, they didn’ cell ust (us is strong) When I said, ‘Give them a drink’ I didn’t mean them, I meant the people. (first them is weak, second them is strong) When I said, ‘Give them a drink: | didn't mean them, | meant the people. 82 English Pronunciation in Use (Elementary)Section C Phrases, sentences and grammar Exercises 37.1 Listen and mark the underlined words w (weak) or s (strong). csi SF 4 A: Are you going to talk to him? B: No, I think he should talk to me first. 2 A: Shall I phone her? B: Yes, I think you should. 3 A: You see those people over there? Do you know them? B: I know her, but I don’t know him. 4 A: What are you going to give him? B: I think I'l give him a shirt. What about you? $ Let him come in and ask him what he wants. 6 She says she'll bring her money tomorrow. 7 Tm tired ... shall we go now? 8 Everybody's leaving. What about us? Shall we go, too? 9 Tell us when you're ready. 10 A: Who broke that window? B: He did! C: No, I didn't, she did! Check with the Key. Then listen again and repeat. 37.2 listen and complete the sentences. ith the Key. Then listen again and repeat. 37.3 Listen and repeat this poem. Be careful to speak with the correct rhythm. Stress the words in bold, 53, and use weak forms of the pronouns between them. ‘Comings and goings What did she say? Don't send her away Give hera chance ‘Ask = herto dance Ge usa drink What doyou think? Ask themto wait Tell —themits late What shallwe do? Shall we wait here for you? Please dont delay Tell me, what doyou say? Engish Pronunciation in Use (Elementary) 8338 And what's his name? Strong and weak forms 2: Possessives, conjunctions, prepositions Many possessives, conjunctions and prepositions have two different pronunciations ~ a strong form and a weak form, Normally we use the weak form, but if the word is stressed because it is especially important, or because we want to show a contrast, we use the strong form. weak strong your lial* Hiss|* his lal Tovah their [oal* Beal and [al or Foal fend but oat! Toatd some aml Tamil that, Pail Toaet! at doth deil for fial* Frasf* from fframf Irom of Ix lov to™ hal ho! G4 Listen to the difference, and repeat. Give me your hand! (your is weak) A: Your turn! (your is strong) B: No, it’s your turn! (your is strong) \at’s our new neighbour. «i what’ his name? (and and his are weak) A: No, her! (her is strong) B: Oh, sorry. What's her name? (her is strong) A: She must be rich - look at her car! (her is weak) Bz [ think that’s his car, actually! (his is strong) A: They've sold their old house, I see. (their is weak) Br They've sold their house, yes, but they haven't bought another one yet. (their is strong) A: Would you like some ice cream or some cal (some is weak) B: I'd like some ice cream and some cake (and is strong, some is weak) Az Do you like those sweets? (do and you are weak) B: Well, some of them are good. (some is strong, of and them are weak) The shop's closed from one to two. (from and to are weak) lease! There’s a bus to the village at six, but there's no bus back from there tonight. (to and from are strong, at is weak) English Pronunciation in Use (Elementary) * The r at the end of these words is pronounced before a vowel (see Unit 22). ‘What's your_address? ‘What was their_answer? (Come in for_a minute. **to is pronounced /ui/ before a vowel sound. to_a party She must be rich = look at her car!38.1 os 38.2 ot ‘Section C Phrases, sentences and grammar Exercises Listen and mark the underlined words w (weak) or s (strong). 1 They went out and lef thei children at home. 2 Don't sit there - that’s his seat. 3 Is this the train to London or from London? 4 I didn’t say at five o'clock, I said about five o'clock. 5 What are you going to do? 6 His first name’s Jack, but I don’t know his second name. 7 Would you like some more tea? 8 Bring your umbrella — it’s going to rain. 9 Excuse me — is this your umbrella? 10 Can you go and buy some bread and milk, please? 11 You've bought some flowers ~ who are they for? 12 I bought them for you Check with the Key. Then listen again and repeat. Read and listen to these poems. Then listen again and repeat. Be careful to speak with the correct rhythm. Use the weak form of and. Use the weak form of of. Use the weak form of but. ‘You and me Relaxing Se Making plans you and me 2 cup of tea A walk? But it’s too late. cake and tea anew CD To the town? But it's too far. bread and cheese a bottle of wine Some sightseeing? But it's too dark. ‘twos and threes, and plenty of time A restaurant? But its too expensive. this and that ‘A game of chess? But it's so boring. thin and fat Read a book? But my eyes are so left and right tired, day and night Study some English? But its so now and then difficult, where and when But let’s do something. OK, what? Use the weak form of at. Use the weak form of your. Lremember it well 562A change of plan We met at a conference. Eat your sandwich. (Or maybe at a party. Drink your tea. A party at a hotel Comb your hair. Or perhaps at someone’s house. Brush your teeth. twas at lunchtime. Put your shoes on. No, it was late at night. ack your bag. Yes, and you were sitting at Get your keys. atable. Ready? ‘Or maybe standing at a window. What do you mean, you've You looked at me and smiled. changed your mind? No, you looked at me and laughed at me. ‘Yes, | remember it well. ‘Making plans English Pronunciation in Use (Elementary) 8539 HW) G7 some words have two different pronunciations ~ a strong form and a weak form. We normally * There's a spider. Strong and weak forms 3: Articles, comparatives, ‘there’ use the weak forms of the words a and a. We say />/ before consonant sounds and /2n/ before vowel sounds. Listen and repeat. a cup of coffee, please a piece of cake, please a lot of visitors a Thursday morning in November an invitation to a party an umbrella in the rain Notice that some words begin with the vowel letter u but the consonant sound /i/, so we say a before them. Listen and repeat. a university useful present DDI G@ 1s comparatives, we use the weak forms of than /2n/ and as /a2/, and we pronounce the ending a & cid -er as the weak vowel /o/. Listen and repeat. ‘The new computer's better than the old one. ‘The old computer wasn’t as good as the new one. In the expressions there's and there are we normally use the weak form /ds/. We pronounce there's as [Oaz/ and there are as /0ar2l. Listen and repeat. There's a bridge over the river. ‘There are ten millimetres in a centimetre. But when we use the word there to talk about a place, we use the strong form /de2/. Listen and repeat, A: Where are my glasses? B: Over there! Over there! English Pronunciation in Use (Elementary)39.2 39.3 oa 39.4 os Exercises Listen and circle the mistakes in the picture (there are five mistakes). Check with the Key. Then listen again and repeat. Listen and circle all the /a/ sounds. Thefe's'a cat on the mat There's a film on TV. There's a fish in a dish. You can sit on my knee. There's a dog in the fog, There are two cups of tea. Check with the Key. and a mouse in the house. One for you, one forme. Then listen again and repeat. Complete the sentences using the words in the box. You will need to use some of them more than once. tall there there’s-—thereare older longer as_— than Terry, but she isn’t —___ __.. Tessa, but he isn’t 2. A: What's the longest tunnel in the world? B: The Channel Tunnel, between England and France? Ted Listen to check your answers. Check with the Key. Then listen again and repeat. Listen and mark the underlined words w (weak) or s (strong). * ‘A: What are you doing there? B: There's a spider in the room. ‘Az Is there? Where? B: There, look! ‘A: No, there isn’t! B: Yes, there is! A: Well, actually, there are two — one there and one there! Check with the Key. Then listen and repeat.mae) m3 Who was that? Strong and weak forms 4: Auxiliary verbs ‘We often use the weak forms of these verbs: am is are was were have has do does can could ©) Listen and repeat. 1 im ready. 7 What have you got in your hand? 2 It} raining again. 8 Has the programme started? 3 Ate you coming? 9 What do you want for Christmas? 4 You're coming, aren't you? 10 Where does your sister live? 5 Who was that? 11. You can stay here if you like. 6 The shops were all closed. 12. Could you spell your name for me, please? But if one of these verbs is stressed because itis especially important, or because we want to show a contrast, we use the strong form. Listen and repeat. 1 A: Are you ready? Br Yes, I am. 2 As leisn't raining, is it? B: Yes, it is. 3. A:I'm not very good at English. B: Of course you are! 4 Atls your father a teacher? B: He was, but he's retired now. 5. A: How many people are there in your class ... ten? Bs There were ten, but one left last week. 6 A: Have we met before? B: I don't think we have. 7 A: Has it started? Bi Yes, come on, it has! 8 A:I don’t like this music. B: Oh, I do. 9 A: Does the supermarket open on Sundays? B: I think it does. 10 A: can't open this door. B: Let me try. Maybe I can. 11 A:Can you play tennis? B: Not now. I could when I was younger. For more about I'm, you're and it’s, see Unit 41. {s your father a teacher? English Pronunciation in Use (Elementary)40.3 oF Exercises Listen, and notice the weak forms underlined. ‘tls winter. It vias late. It vias dark. te was snowing. | wis walking along a street. There Wis nobody else in the town. | cdlild see a light in a window. | cotitd hear someone shouting, ‘You'lt too late! We were here, all the time. We were waiting for you, but now it'too latet’ Then | woke up. It Was a dream! Listen again and repeat. Listen and mark the underlined words w (weak) or s (strong). ” A: I'm better than you! B: No, you aren't! A: Lam. I've got more toys than you! B: No, you haven't! A: Yes, I have! And I can speak twenty languages! B: You can’t! Nobody can speak twenty languages! A: I can. And I could walk when I was three weeks old! B: You couldn't! That's impossible! A: I could! You don’t know — you weren't there! Twas! I'm older than you! jo, you aren't! ‘Yes, I am! I'm eight. How old are you? : I'm eight hundred. B: What do you mean? Nobody can be eight hundred years old! A: Don't argue! B: I'm not arguing! A: Yes, you are! Check with the Key. Then listen again and repeat. Mark the underlined words w if you think they will be weak and s if you think they will be strong. 1 I colild speak English when Iwas twelve, 2 L wasn’t very well yesterday, but I am today. 3 A: Are these your gloves? B: Yes, they are. Thanks! 4 A:T don’t think you were at the lesson last week, were you? B: I wast 5 A: I didn’ think the singers in the band were very good. B: Oh, I thought they were! 6 A: Have you got a pen? B: Just a minute, I think I have, somewhere. 7 A: Has the lesson started? B: Yes, it has, but you can go in. 8 A: Where does he live? B: Near the old town hall. Do you know where that is? A: Yes, I do. Listen and check your answers. Check with the Key. Then listen again and repeat. Englth Pronunciation in Use (Elementary) 89They're here! it's raining) Contractions Listen and look at the spellings of the weak forms (see Units 37-40). ‘These weak forms written with an apostrophe ” 7 are called contractions. ( again!) full / strong form | contraction / weak form is 5 r isnot isn't ( ary (res, itis!) ‘Contractions show the way we normally speak. In the sentence It’s raining again!, the most important word is raining; the word is is unstressed and we use the contraction its. But in the sentence Yes, it is!, the word is is the most important word, contraction. Listen and look at the spellings of the weak forms. full / strong form | contraction / weak form are te In the sentence They're here!, the most important word is here, and They're is unstressed and contracted to /vo/ or /)/, But in the sentence They are, the most important word is are, so we use the full form, not the contraction. Note: We use the contraction 's for is or has. Its raining, 's = is Where's he gone? 's = has Here are some other common contractions. and we use the full form, not the (Theyre >) They can't) (ere! be = its only All| ten to three! full / strong form | contraction / weak form | [ full / strong form _| contraction / weak form cannot can't tam tm have ve letus lets had / would ‘a will 0 ‘We use these contractions in many types of informal writing, as well as in speech. In some types of texts, like cartoons and pop songs, you can find 1 One of these days t'm gonna leave this town. 2 | just wanna have a good time. 3 Nice place, this, innit? 4A: Why dontcha wanna come with us? B:'Cos | hate shopping! 5 Rock 'n roll will never die. 6 Tell ‘im to come now! 7 A:Can you see ‘em? B: Not yet. going to gonna and nt want to wanna ‘them ‘em isn'tit? innit him ti don't you? dontcha doyou d'you because ‘ens Engish Pronunciation in Use (Elementary) other contractions, like these. Listen.41.1 on ‘Section C Phrases, sentences and grammor Exercises Listen and underline what you hear - the contraction or the full form. 1A: Why haven't you done the shopping? B: I've /I have done the shopping. It's / It is on the kitchen table. 2 A: The weather's / weather is better than last year, isn’t it? B: It certainly ’s / is. 3 A: Right then, I'm /I am going. Are you coming with us? B: No, P'l/ I will see you later. 4A: What's ! What is the time? Bi It’s / It is twenty to seven. 5 A: They aren’t ready yet. B: We're / We are ready 6 A:I'd/T would love to go somewhere warm for a change. B: I'd/ I would, too! 7 A:I’m/1am afraid they haven't / have not arrived yet. B: They've / They have. They're / They are here now! 8 A: Let’s/ Let us go. B:I don’t think the concert’s / concert has finished yet, has it? A: It’s/ It has, actually. Check with the Key. Then listen and repeat. “te he A {We are ready. s Listen, and write the sentences you hear in normal spelling. EXAMPLE ‘You hear: ‘Are you gonna be with us at the weekend?” and you write: “Are you going to be with us at the weekend?” 1 wewn Check with the Key. Engish Pronunciation in Use (Elementary) a42 It's George's birthday Pronouncing -s endings TY —_ We use -s (or es) endings in four different ways. in plural nouns: Why have you got three phones on your desk? in verbs: She phones him every day. in possessives: Have you got Maria's phone number? » in the contractions of is and has: The phone's ringing. The film's started. PB When we add an -s (or -es) ending to a word, the number of syllables in the word sometimes stays the same. Listen. day 'mstaying fora day. (1 syllable) days I'm staying for two days. (1 syllable) (7% But sometimes we add an extra syllable to the pronunciation. Listen. match Haye you got a match? (1 syllable) ‘matches Have you got any matches? (2 syllables) HD) 7 Listen and notice the number of syllables in the words on the left. umber of syllables go 1 Its time to go. goes 1 Hit the ball and watch where it goes. finish 2 When does the course finish? finishes 3 Do you know when the course finishes? George 1 Have you met George? George's 2 It's George's birthday. train i We're waiting for the train. train's 1 The train’s late again box 1 ‘Open the box. boxes: 2 ‘Open the boxes. boss 1 That's the boss boss's 2 That's the boss's office glove 1 Is this your glove? gloves 1 Are these your gloves? page 1 Which is the right page? pages 2 This book's got 120 pages. The rule is that we add an extra syllable if the last sound in the word is one of these: IIL L AS If the last sound is a vowel, or any other consonant, the number of syllables stays the same. X nite: We don't contact is or has after ILL IST [sf [ST Lesh. isten. @P The tood’s good. The service is good. The game's started. The match has started. 2 English Pronunciation in Use (Elementary)42.1 42.2 42.3 ore ‘Section C Phrases, sentences and grammar Exercises ‘Complete these sentences with the correct forms of the verbs and nouns. 1 Let’s see who finishes. (finish) these ......_... (exercise) first. 2 The bar —....._..... (close) when the last customer __......._. (leave). 3 Don't make .__...__. (promise) you can't keep. 4 Nobody ——— (use) a typewriter nowadays, do they? 5 My dad’s so tall that when he (reach) his hand up he ...__...._. (touch) the ceiling. Listen to check your answers. Check with the Key. Then listen again and repeat, Look at the family tree and complete the sentences. George & Joan Birch James Joyce & Mike Jones Dennis Tom EXAMPLE Joyce ........~/8... George’S.daughter_.—» doyce. is George's daughter, 1 Joyce and Mike Dennis___.. 2 Tom —____ Dennis___. 3 James and Joyce —. Mr and Mrs Birch. 4 Dennis ___ George. . 5 Joyce —..._.. Mike Jones... Listen to check your answers. Check with the Key. Then listen again and repeat. Look at the picture and answer the questions below. Now complete the sentences. EXAMPLE Whose is the hat? ...doyee’s__ EXAMPLE The hat’s.doyce’s 1 Whose is the camera? 7 The camera —.....___. 2 Whose are the skis? ———— 8 The jacket 3 Whose is the map? — 9 The shoes 4 Whose is the jacket? 10 The skis 5 Whose are the shoes? sancaaeiiniecaione 11 The suitcase —____. 6 Whose is the suitcase? 12 The map —______. Listen to check your answers. ‘7% Listen to check your answers. Check with the Key. Then listen and repeat. English Pronunciation in Use (Elementary) %3ae GP Listen. | looked everywhere Pronouncing past tenses To make the past tense of a regular verb, you add the ending -ed: look + looked explain — explained oo just -d if there is already a letter e at the end of the infinitive: live + lived Normally, the number of syllables stays the same. look (1 syllable) looked (1 syllable) explain (2 syllables) explained (2 syllables) live (1 syllable) lived (1 sullable) Look at this! Hooked everywhere. Can you explain this for me, please? T explained it but they didn’t understand Where do you live? We lived in the country. Can you explain this for me, please? If it’s difficult for you to say the -ed ending without adding an extra syllable, you can imagine the -ed is at the start of the next word. For example, say I looked everywhere lke this: Took te and say I explained it like this: Lexplain dit Bur if the infinitive of the verb ends with // or /\/, the -ed or -d ending adds an extra syllable: wait —* waited hate + hated wait (I syllable) waited (2 syllables) hate (1 syllable) hated (2 syllables) @& Listen. 4 Wait here, please We waited half an hour. Thate waiting. Thated school. ‘“"" Sometimes you don't hear the ~ed ending cleary. This happens when the next word starts with a pean Consonant. Listen. ‘enina) | [ookfed) there: ‘We liv(ed) near the park. English Pronunciation in Use (Elementary)Sie 43.4 ss ‘Section C Phrases, sentences and grammar Exercises Listen and mark the verbs with a tick (/) if you can hear the -ed ending clearly, and a cross (X) if you can't. 1 I watched an interesting film, 2 [watched the news. [] 3 walked to the end of the road. [] 4 The car stopped in the middle of the road. [] 5 I phoned the police. ] 6 They helped me a lor. ] 7 They asked a lot of questions. [] 8 It rained all day. [] Check with the Key. Then listen again and repeat. Listen ane circle the word you hear. 1 They play / played very well. 2 We clean / cleaned all the rooms. 3 We always cook / cooked a big meal for the whole family. 4 I need | needed some help with the housework. $ | listen / listened to the radio. 6 I want | wanted to have a word with you. 7 They arrive / arrived early in the morning. 8 I never miss / missed the lesson. Check with the Key. Then listen again and repeat. tisten and complete these sentences with the verb form you hear - present or past. 1 We usually finshed _ before the others. 2 You ou. MY name wrong. _.m bit of onion to the recipe. those people but they always —---n---— too long. the music in the film, for hours and hours. ——. your house on my way to work. ___-— by the sea. Check with the Key. Then listen again and repeat. Listen to this poem. { wanted to go to the Friday night show. It started at eight - didn’t want to be late. { walked into town, found the place and sat down. First in the queue, and nothing to do. { waited for hours. it rained - a few showers. A friend passed and asked me, Why are you here? Come down to the pub and well have a few beers’ {remembered just then that Thursday was when he went for a drink, and | started to think ... Thursday? Listen again and repeat. Speak with the same rhythm as the recording. Engish Pronunciation in Use (Elementary) ssnA Not half past two, half past three Intonation for old and new information (83) We often use different intonation for old information and new information. Sometimes we repeat the old information with the same words but different intonation. Listen. ‘As What time are we meeting? Did you say half past two? B: No, not half past xyehalf past theeg. & (Tivo is old information; three is new information.) ? F A: Edinburgh's one of my favourite places in Teubeeagacy England, Be But Edinburgh isn't in EnglyA, it’s in Scétlagd! (Edinburgh and England are old information; Scotland is new information.) WEDD ©? Sometimes we only say the old information. Listen. A: Edinburgh's one of my favourite places in England. Bs But Edinburgh isn’t in Engl! TEdinpurch HES) 2% sometimes we say the old information in different words. Listen. A: Look - that wine costs £1! B: Yes, it’s expepMve, but ceveryghing in this shop's expgtfive! (Expensive is the same information as costs £100.) THIN) 6% sometimes we only talk about part ofthe old information. Listen. Az thought that film was really Beg. Be Well, I thought the mysi# was good. (The music is part of the film.) % English Pronunciation in Use (Elementary)Section D Conversation Exercises Listen and mark the intonation of the words in bold. 1 A: How about meeting on Tuesday or Thursday at one o’clock? B: I can come on Tuesdiy, but not before two o’clock. 2.A: Let's go to the beach and have a swim. B: Well, I'll come to the beach with you, but I'l probably just do some sunbathing. 3 A: Which shop are you talking about? Is it on the corner? B: Well, it isn’t on the corner, exactly, but it’s very near there. 4 A: When I was at school I was good at maths and physics. B: I was good at maths, but my best subject was music, Check with the Key. Then listen again and repeat. Listen and mark the intonation of the words in bold. 1 A: Maybe we could have dinner on Thursday or Friday? B: Well, I'm free on Thursday. 2 A: Lets have a quick drink at the pub and then go somewhere to eat. B: Well, P've got time to go to the pub for half an hour. 3 A; Are the shops open in the evenings and on Sundays? B: Well, I know they’re open in the evenings. 4 A: My favourite school subjects were history and geography. B: Really? I liked geography ... Check with the Key. Then listen again and repeat. Listen and mark the intonation of the words in bold. 1 A: It’s freezing today! B; It's pretty cold, yes, but it’s good weather for walking, so let’s go! 2 A: Did you go to university in Europe? B: I didn’t study there, no, I just travelled around. 3A: Did you come on the ferry? B: No, I like travelling by sea, but it takes too long. 4 A: We've got plenty of time - we're leaving at four. B: That's the departure time, yes, but we have to be there by three. Check with the Key. Then listen again and repeat. Listen and mark the intonation of the words in bold. 1 A: Are the shops open at the weekend? B: I know they're open on Saturdays. 2 A: What did you think of the band? B: The singer was good. 3 A:Have you been sightseeing yet? B: We've been to the castle — that’s all we had time for today. 4 A: Can I have something non-alcoholic? B: We've got some orange juice ... or some mineral water ... Check with the Key. Then listen again and repeat. English Pronunciation in Use (Elementary) 7And suddenly ... mae) Intonation in storytelling TD £72 tn storyreling, we often use the past continuous tense for background information and the past simaple for main events, and we often use different intonation patterns with these two tenses. Listen and notice the different intonation in the first and second half of each sentence. 1 Iwas walking along the stepef one day, and I saw a wallet on the pavesyent. 2 I was waiting for the busesterday, and I heard an ion. 3 1 was lying in bed/last night, and I heard a knock at the age. 4 I was watching the nev one night, and I saw niyggif in the shogging centre. © Listen and repeat. sera one day — along the stteM one day — I was walking along the stgef one day tys%yesterday — waiting for the bps “yesterday — I was waiting for the sterday efflast night — lying in bedfast night — I was lying in beast night new one night - watching the new% one night - I was watching the ng one night 4 wallet ~ a wallet on the pavtmgnt ~ and I saw a wallet on the pavement plosjgn ~ an explagion — and I heard an explagion the doog - a knock at the dogg and I heard a knock at the doog. smysaff in the shopping centre — and I saw msgff in the shobpjag centre (Listen and speak together with the recording. 1 I was walking along the stre@ one day, and I saw a wallgt on the pavément. 2 Lwas waiting for the byyesterday, and I heard an explagion, 3 Twas lying in beast night, and I heard a knock at the dogg. 4 I was watching the nex one night, and I saw ritygglf in the shoppigg centre. We also often use the ». ype of intonation with other kinds of background information. Listen and repeat. on Tuesdffy, I think as and sudd&aly round about midpifit (G%® Listen and repeat. Then speak together with the recording. 1.1 was walking along the stre% one day, on TutsdMy, I think, and I saw a wallgt on the pavemgat. 2.1 was waiting for the buMesterday, as usu, and suddfaly I heard an explagion. 3 L was lying in bed ast night, round about midnife, and I heard a knock at the dogg. 4 I was watching the new one night, and suddaly I saw riysglf in the slogging centre. 8 English Pronunciation in Use (Elementary)Section D Conversation Exercises 45.1 Listen and notice the intonation. ® | was doing my shopping one day, as usuii, and | was walking past the antique shop, and | saw a beautiful old vase in the window, with red and blue and yellow on it And | stood there Jookitfg at this vase and thinking I'd really ike to buy it, and | went In’and lookied at it and asked about the: but of course it was. too expensive. And | did the rest of my and went back home. And a few days Sater | walked past the same ship and noticed that the vase wasn't thore, and | thought that was the end of it. Anyway, a couple of weeks tater it was my and I had a little party for a few of my friends, and they arrived with a huge parcel and said, ‘Happy birthday! We've got a really special present for yout’ So | operiéd it and guess what, it was the vage from the antique shop! Listen and repeat. {was deng my shopring one dy. and | was walking past the shop, and sows beast od wens the window, with red and blue and yellow onit. ‘And | stood there at this vase and thinking 1d really like to buyit, and | went in and atit and asked about the pricé, butt couse twas much oo expensive ‘And | did the rest of my and went back ‘And a few days | walked past the same ‘and noticed that the vase wasn't there, ‘and | thought that was the end of it 2 couple of weeks tatef it was my birthday and had a litle party for a few of my friends, and they arrived with a huge paszel and said, “Happy bl / We've got a realy special present for you! So | operiéd it and guess what, it was the vace from the antique shop! Don't look at Exercises 45.1 or 45.2. Tell the story with the help of the pictures. (It doesn't have to be exactly the same story!) Happy Birthday! English Pronunciation in Use (Elementary) 9ras Really? That's amazing! GP Listen and repeat these phrases - be careful with the intonation. Being a good listener ous” sulgdlly [5% roam key theif ‘3 Me (az ’ 4] Listen and notice the intonation where it is marked in the text. Important new parts of the story often have this intonation: Sa, Less important parts, or things we know about already, often have this intonation: Yor \% I was walking along the typ one day, on Tuesday, I think, and I saw a wallet on the it. Well, I picked it yprind I thought: I'll take it to the polige, and I was in a Buggy, you seePo } put it in my bag’ about it. And I went to.w@Fk, a5- wal, and did the sh@Bping, you kifow, and went hon, and theff'I remembered the walgt. Aiygyay, I took it out of my befand had a look insiff, and there was some ee: and I lodkd at the pho@® and sudgAfly I thought: I Rnqy iff! Ic was an old fiead from schagl, you se&and the last time I sayhim was yeagg ago. we looked in the waif€t and found his phot number and plidagd him, and he was pretty surpeléd, of cow, but he remenbered me, and we're going to Bagg toregrow. Listen again and repeat. @B Listen and repeat these phrases - be careful with the intonation, ow P ‘What did you ag, That's Bregt! Refly? WAR did you say? ‘What happqged? That's amazing! Warin? xe That's tereigle! Did"Fou? @2 ‘This time, A is telling the story and B is listening. Listen and notice the intonation in B’s sentences. ‘A: Twas walking along the styp0f one day, on Tugs@@y, I think, and I saw a Wallgt on the . pavement. B: Soe did you say? A: saw a wallet on the pavement. B: OM Whar did you ‘A: Well I picked itup%nd I thought: I'll take it to the polige, and I was in a hugy, you seefso | put it in my bagand forggg about it. And Tes work, as am Sy did the As... and went herff, and theffI remembered the Wallet. Atyyay, I took it out of my bei and had a look insffc, an was some modEy, and some car&, and ticks and.sn, and a phago, and I Idokgd at the pho and sudgéfily I thought: 1 Raggy hist B: Really? was an old fftsgd from sthgol, you seeyand the last time I sgvhim was ybagg ago. 3: WRT? As Yes. Wel], I looked in the wall€@ and found his phoff number and pheged him, and he was pretty surpeid, of coum, but he remembered me, and we're going to mhegt toinagrow. B: That's greg! Listen again and say B's part, together with the recording, A: B: English Pronunciation in Use (Elementary)46.1 pia Exercises Fill the aaps with the phrases in the box. ‘That's amazing! Didi you? What happened? That's terrible! Ye? What did you dg? Sorry? LA: As Twas lying bodlas nigh, round about midafit, and I heard a knock at the dog. 2 swig rth ety wal and eli ear on xin. & ea and choghe Wha’ hae? a ‘was watching the new one night, and suddéfly I saw mysgf in the shopping centre. a ssid sw mys on TY 4 Rk my wan he say B: Oh, 1A: Wall fin he bug was late then . 6 A al fi i gat ive one day last weK, down near the bridge, you kd? aR [And I heard a sort of loud noige in the water... Listen to check your answers. Check with the Key. Then listen again and repeat. Fill the gaps with phrases from B on page 100 opposite. ‘A: Twas lying in bed last night, round about * midi and Theardahnock athe doe Pe Ye and thought, ‘That's uous” A: Wa Iwan downs, and looked through the wind6w, and it was dak, of couifée, but I could see aa bug in the street, with its ligffs off and no passeiigers, and a map standing at my door, with a sort of official-looking cag on his head. B a A A cag, you nd Hebe ves wea, B: Qh, Isee. A: Well, lopened the dod and he Gadihe sid, “Mr JohriSon?, and I said, ‘YS? And he said, ‘Here's your wallet finished wogk at midight and I foupd it on my bug’ What do you think about that? Listen to check your answers. (Different answers are possible. There is one possible version on the recording and in the Key.) Read B's part together with the recording. Then read A's part together with the recording. Be English Pronunciation in Use (Elementary) tor