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This document provides an overview of signal soldier roles and responsibilities. It discusses the signal support structure from the battalion to corps level, including responsibilities of S-6 officers and signal company commanders. It also covers signal planning processes, current and future network architectures, theater-level signal operations, transport systems, and the federation of networks.

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100% found this document useful (1 vote)

399 views258 pages

March 2009: DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved For Public Release Distribution Is Unlimited

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FM 6-02.

SIGNAL SOLDIER’S GUIDE

March 2009

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release;

distribution is unlimited.

HEADQUARTERS,
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
This publication is available at
Army Knowledge Online (www.us.army.mil) and
General Dennis J. Reimer Training and Doctrine
Digital Library at (www.train.army.mil).
FM 6-02.43

Field Manual Headquarters

No. 6-02.43 Department of the Army
Washington, DC 17 March 2009

SIGNAL SOLDIER’S GUIDE

Contents
Page

PREFACE .......................................................................vii
INTRODUCTION ..............................................................ix
Chapter 1 SIGNAL SOLDIER’S ROLES
AND RESPONSIBILITIES............................................. 1-1
Signal Soldier Responsibilities to the
Commander ............................................................ 1-1
Battalion S-6 Officer ............................................... 1-3
Brigade S-6 Officer ................................................. 1-6

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release;

distribution is unlimited.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 i

Contents

Signal Company Commanders ..............................1-17

Division Command and Control .............................1-18
G-6 Responsibilities at the Division
Command Posts ....................................................1-20
Division G-6 Officer Roles and
Responsibilities .....................................................1-21
The Corps .............................................................1-36
Corps Command Posts .........................................1-37
G-6 Responsibilities at the Corps Command
Posts .....................................................................1-38
Corps G-6 Officer ..................................................1-41
Network Systems Maintenance .............................1-46
Army Force Generation Model ..............................1-47
Chapter 2 SIGNAL PLANNING PROCESS ....................................2-1
Signal Leader’s Role in the Military
Decisionmaking Process .........................................2-1
G-6/S-6 Troop Leading Procedures and the
Military Decisionmaking Process ...........................2-18
Additional Signal Support Equipment Checks
During Operations .................................................2-25
Chapter 3 THE NETWORK .............................................................3-1
Global Information Grid ...........................................3-1
LandWarNet ............................................................3-3
Network Command and Control ..............................3-5
Network Operations .................................................3-6
Information Protection .............................................3-6
Network Service Center...........................................3-8
G-6/S-6 Network Operations ...................................3-9
Current and Future Networks ................................3-11

ii FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Contents

Chapter 4 THEATER OPERATIONS ............................................. 4-1

Leveraging Theater Operation Assets .................... 4-1
Providing “Other” Service Support .......................... 4-2
Section I – Major Commands .............................. 4-4
NETCOM/9th SC(A) ................................................ 4-4
Section II – Strategic and Fixed Station
Elements ............................................................. 4-10
Strategic Signal Brigades ..................................... 4-11
Section III – Signal Operations .......................... 4-19
Organizations for the Modular Force .................... 4-19
Chapter 5 TRANSPORT SYSTEMS .............................................. 5-1
WIN-T Increment 1 ................................................. 5-1
Mobile Subscriber Equipment ............................... 5-12
Tri-Service Tactical ............................................... 5-15
Chapter 6 FEDERATION OF NETWORKS ................................... 6-1
Introduction............................................................. 6-1
Blue Force Tracking ............................................... 6-2
Army Battle Command System............................... 6-3
Combat Service Support Very Small
Aperture Terminal ................................................... 6-3
Public Affairs Office Digital Video and
Imagery Distribution System ................................... 6-8
Global Broadcast System ....................................... 6-9
TeleEngineering Operations Center ..................... 6-16
Standardized Integrated Command Post
System. ................................................................ 6-17

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 iii

Contents

Appendix A ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT

OPERATIONS ............................................................... A-1
Appendix B ARMY BATTLE COMMAND SYSTEM ......................... B-1
Appendix C SIGNAL MILITARY OCCUPATIONAL SPECIALTIES . C-1
Appendix D SIGNAL ANNEX OF AN OPORD ................................. D-1
Appendix E MAINTENANCE ............................................................ E-1
GLOSSARY ..................................................... Glossary-1
REFERENCES ............................................. References-1
INDEX .................................................................. Index - 1

Figures
Figure 1-1. BCT S-6 staff organization ........................ 1-8
Figure 1-2. BCT signal company organizational
structure.................................................. 1-13
Figure 1-3. Modular support brigades signal
company organizational structure .......... 1-16
Figure 1-4. Division G-6 section organization ............ 1-25
Figure 1-5. Division G-6 section organizations .......... 1-26
Figure 1-6. Division signal company
organization ............................................ 1-34
Figure 1-7. Corps G6 section organization ................ 1-39
Figure 1-8. Corps G6 section organization ................ 1-40
Figure 2-1. Example of a signal wargaming
matrix ...................................................... 2-12
Figure 2-2. COA evaluation criteria ........................... 2-13
Figure 2-3. Sample COA comparison briefing
slide ........................................................ 2-14

iv FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Contents

Figure 2-4. Sample LOS study .................................. 2-24

Figure 4-1. NETCOM/9th SC(A) Organization ............. 4-5
Figure 4-2. Strategic design....................................... 4-15
Figure 4-3. SC(T) subordinate elements ................... 4-24
Figure 4-4. 7TH SC(T) organization ........................... 4-27
Figure 4-5. Theater tactical signal brigade ................ 4-30
Figure 4-6. The ESB structure ................................... 4-37
Figure 4-7. Theater TIN company.............................. 4-43
Figure 4-8. Theater COMCAM company ................... 4-47
Figure 4-9. TNOSC DSD structure ............................ 4-50
Figure 4-10. TNOSC DSD elements–TNT, TIC,
and TLT with corps/division .................... 4-52
Figure 4-11. TNOSC DSD elements–TNT, TIC,
and TLT without corps/division............... 4-53
Figure 5-1. WIN-T Increment 1 architecture ................ 5-4
Figure 5-2. Command post node ................................. 5-9
Figure 6-1. CSS VSAT architecture ............................. 6-4
Figure 6-2. Trojan SPIRIT architecture ........................ 6-5
Figure 6-3. GBS architecture ..................................... 6-10
Figure 6-4. Transportable ground receive suite ........ 6-14
Figure A-1. The electromagnetic spectrum ................ A-2
Figure A-2. Army spectrum management
process .................................................... A-4
Figure A-3. Spectrum management radio
frequency systems .................................. A-5
Figure B-1. The Army battle command system .......... B-2
Figure C-1. DA PAM 611-21 Web site page ............... C-4

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 v

Contents

Figure D-1. OPORD paragraph 5, command and

signal outline............................................ D-1
Figure D-2. Outline of a signal annex ......................... D-3
Figure E-1. Two level maintenance process flow ....... E-3
Figure E-2. BCT maintenance operations .................. E-8

Tables
Table A-1. Spectrum management tools and
descriptions ............................................. A-6

vi FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Preface
This field manual is a pocket reference guide for signal Soldiers at all
echelons. It is intended to help signal Soldiers understand and
implement Army communications systems operations in a modular
force construct.
This manual addresses the roles and responsibilities of the signal
Soldier and signal planning during the military decisionmaking
process. It also provides an overview of the Global Information Grid,
LandWarNet and its transport systems, network operations and
spectrum management. It also addresses the transformed signal
structure from the maneuver battalion through theater level and the
support provided between echelons.

Note. As of June 2007, the Joint Network Node-

Network program has been incorporated into the
Warfighter Information Network-Tactical program and
designated as Warfighter Information Network-Tactical
Increment 1. When joint network node is used in this
document, it refers to the equipment and not to the
program.

This publication applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard
(ARNG)/Army National Guard of the United States (ARNGUS), and
the United States Army Reserve (USAR) unless otherwise stated.

The proponent of this publication is the United States Army Training

and Doctrine Command (TRADOC). The preparing agency of this
publication is the US Army Signal Center.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 vii

Preface

Send comments and recommendations on Department of the Army

(DA) Form 2028 via e-mail to signal.doctrine@us.army.mil. Key your
comments and recommendations to pages and lines of text to which
they apply. Provide reasons for your comments to ensure
understanding and proper evaluation.
Mailing address is: Commander, United States Army Signal Center and
Fort Gordon, ATTN: ATZH-IDC-CB (Doctrine Section), Building
29808, 506 Chamberlain Ave, Fort Gordon, GA 30905-5075.
Unless this publication states otherwise, masculine nouns and pronouns
do not refer exclusively to men.

viii FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Introduction
The Army has decentralized most of its signal capabilities. Corps,
divisions, brigade combat teams, and support brigades now have signal
forces organic to the units who own, operate, train, and maintain their
unique signal forces. Corps signal brigades and division signal
battalions have inactivated leaving a large part of the Army force
supported by pooled theater assets. Supporting the commander with
reliable and vigorous communications is a direct result of detailed
signal planning. Understanding the commander’s intent is the most
critical step for a signal leader.
Signal Soldiers and planners are chartered to build networks that
almost intuitively act on behalf of the commander’s intent; networks
where information is guaranteed based on policies aligned with the
commander’s critical information requirements and intent. To build this
network, planners must successfully synchronize and integrate the
assets to support the plan and the commander. Signal Soldiers have the
great responsibility to facilitate the combined arms, joint, and
multinational fight. This mission is critical to increasing the combat
power in the modular force. The signal planner plays a critical role in
enabling combat successes and prevailing in the information war.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 ix

This page intentionally left blank.
Chapter 1

Signal Soldier’s Roles and

Responsibilities

The Army’s transformation to a modular force

has transformed the signal structure. Division
signal battalions and corps signal brigades have
been inactivated with the signal support now
embedded within each modular organization.
Division and corps are headquarters
organizations with units attached as mission
dictates and have signal companies assigned that
support the headquarters element only. Each
brigade combat team (BCT) or modular support
brigade has its own organic signal company to
provide support. This chapter addresses the roles
and responsibilities of the signal Soldier to the
commander and his responsibilities at each
echelon.

SIGNAL SOLDIER RESPONSIBILITIES TO

THE COMMANDER
1-1. The transformation to a modular Army and the elimination of the
corps signal brigade and division signal battalion has removed the
traditional support structure for the assistant chief of staff, network
operations (G-6)/network operations staff officer (S-6). This has
required the G-6/S-6 to build working relationships with organizations
that have traditionally been provided by a signal brigade or battalion
staff. The G-6/S-6 must establish a viable working relationship not

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-1

Chapter 1

1-8 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Signal Soldier’s Roles and Responsibilities

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

1-15. The brigade S-6 officer has the following responsibilities
that reside in the network management and IA/CND/COMSEC cells—
z Prepares, maintains, and updates communications and information
operations estimates, plans, and orders. Orders will often direct
configuration management changes across multiple battalions.
z Monitors and makes recommendations on all technical
communication and information operations.
z Can be designated as the Army forces (ARFOR) G-6 when
needed. (Equipment and personnel augmentation will be required to
support this mission.)
z Advises the commander, staff, and subordinate commanders on
communication operations and network priorities for C2 (for example,
changing bandwidth allocation to support the brigade main effort such
as a battalion reinforced with additional intelligence, surveillance, and
reconnaissance assets).
z Develops, produces, changes/updates, and distributes signal-
operating instructions.
z Prepares/publishes communications operations SOP for brigade
CPs.
z Coordinates, plans, and manages brigade EMSO within the
brigade’s AO.
z Plans and coordinates with higher and lower headquarters
regarding information systems upgrades, replacements, eliminations,
and integrations.
z In coordination with the operational chain of command and corps,
plans and directs all NETOPS activities within the brigade AO.
z Plans, manages, and monitors all brigade CP networks using S-6
section personnel.
z Staffs and supervises the activities of the NETOPS cell in the
network operations security center (NOSC).

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-9

Chapter 1

z Oversees COMSEC operations to include storage, management,

distribution, inspection, and compliance.
z Responsible for the field level maintenance on CE systems.
1-16. The information systems officer is responsible to the S-6 for
the following—
z In coordination with the S-2 and S-3, coordinates, plans, and
directs all IA activities and information operations vulnerability and
risk assessments.
z In coordination with the brigade S-6 staff, actively coordinates
with a variety of external agencies to develop the information and
communications plans, manages the information network, obtains
required services, and supports mission requirements.
z Confirms and validates user information requirements in direct
response to the tactical mission.
z Establishes information policies and procedures for using and
managing information tools and resources.
z Provides signal unit operations sections with direction and
guidance during preparation of network plans and diagrams
establishing the information network.
z Ensures the accreditation and integration of all hardware and
software in the AO connected to the LAN/wide area network (WAN).
z Plans and integrates information systems and ABCS equipment
due to unit task organization/reorganization.

TRAINING READINESS RESPONSIBILITIES

1-17. The brigade S-6 officer has the following training readiness
responsibilities and exercises them through the signal systems
integration and oversight (SSIO) cell—
z In coordination with the division G-6, ensures the development of
required skills of all signal personnel within the brigade AO.
z In coordination with the S-1, identifies requirements and manages
the distribution of signal personnel within the brigade.

1-10 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Signal Soldier’s Roles and Responsibilities

z In coordination with the S-3, monitors and provides oversight for

information dissemination to change warfighting functions priorities
and control measures within the brigade AO.
z In coordination with the S-6 staff, ensures information systems and
administration procedures for all automation hardware and software
employed by the brigade are joint and Army compliant.
z In coordination with the brigade special troops battalion (BSTB)
staff, ensures the brigade signal company is trained to support brigade
missions and tasks.
1-18. When a BCT operates independently, the brigade S-6 officer
performs all the duties and has the same responsibilities as a G-6
officer. These duties and responsibilities include—
z Coordinates, plans, and manages the brigade EMSO, both internal
and external to the brigade.
z Plans and manages the brigade information network with the corps
Service Theater Network Operations and Security Center (STNOSC),
the corps supporting brigade, the regional Defense Information System
Agency (DISA) support team, or the supported command, control,
communications, and computer operations directorate of a joint staff (J-
6).
z In coordination with strategic corps STNOSC and the corps-
supporting brigade, plans and manages the brigade IA systems
(firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and access control lists).
z Plans and manages the brigade information dissemination
management/content staging procedures (user profiles, file and user
priorities, and dissemination policies).
z Plans and manages all IA/CND operations to include, but not
limited to, key management distribution, IA vulnerability alert
compliance, intrusion detection device management and operations,
and compliance with all directives.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-11

Chapter 1

z Deploys range extension assets to maintain connectivity and

reliability of the brigade information network.
z Evaluates network requirements to determine needs for unmanned
aircraft system (brigade level) and communications relay requirements.

BRIGADE SIGNAL COMPANY ORGANIZATION

1-19. This section addresses brigade signal companies that are
organic to the BCT; the brigade signal company that is organic to the
maneuver enhancement brigade (MEB) and sustainment brigades; and
the brigade signal company that is organic to the fires, combat aviation
brigade, and the battlefield surveillance brigade. The three different
brigade signal companies are designed with equipment and personnel
to specifically support their designated brigade organizations.
1-20. The signal company within the heavy and infantry BCT is
subordinate to the BSTB with the Stryker brigade combat team (SBCT)
signal company being a separate company. The signal company
organic to the BCT has a headquarters and two network support
platoons. Figure 1-2 depicts the BCT signal company.
HEADQUARTERS AND NETWORK SUPPORT PLATOON
1-21. The headquarters and network support platoon within the
BCT consists of the company headquarters, small CP support team(s),
and wireless network extension team(s).
Company Headquarters
1-22. The company headquarters provides C2, logistics, and
administrative support for the company and coordinates the
maintenance support of CE systems with the brigade S-6.
Wireless Network Extension Team(s)
1-23. The wireless network extension team(s) within the brigade
signal companies provides BLOS connectivity for the various CPs and
C2 nodes.

1-12 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Signal Soldier’s Roles and Responsibilities

Figure 1-2. BCT signal company organizational structure

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-13

Chapter 1

Small Command Post Support Team(s)

1-24. The small CP support team within the brigade signal
company provides BLOS connectivity and tactical LAN support to the
tactical CP and other C2 nodes.

NETWORK EXTENSION PLATOON

1-25. The network extension platoon consists of the joint network
node (JNN) and extension sections and supports a major C2 node.
There are two network extension platoons within the brigade signal
company supporting the BCT: one network extension platoon supports
the brigade main, and the other network extension platoon supports the
brigade tactical CP (TAC CP).

Joint Network Node Section

1-26. The JNN section provides voice, video, and data services to
the main and TAC CP. It provides habitual BLOS and line of sight
(LOS) support to the main CP and TAC CP. The JNN can terminate
circuits, provide data and battlefield video teleconferencing center
connectivity to host equipment, and interface special circuits such as
Defense Switched Network, North Atlantic Treaty Organization
circuits, and commercial gateways.

Wireless Network Extension, Enhanced Position Location

Reporting System Network Manager and Enhanced Position
Location Reporting System Teams
1-27. The wireless network extension, Enhanced Position
Location Reporting System (EPLRS) Network Manager and EPLRS
teams provides frequency modulated (FM) wireless network extension,
EPLRS network management, and an EPLRS gateway team for the
assigned CP.

1-14 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Signal Soldier’s Roles and Responsibilities

MODULAR SUPPORT BRIGADE SIGNAL COMPANIES

1-28. The sustainment brigade signal company is subordinate to
the BSTB and the fires, combat aviation brigade, battlefield
surveillance brigade, and MEB signal companies are separate
companies within their respective brigades. The signal companies
differ in structure only in that the signal company supporting the MEB,
sustainment, and combat aviation brigade contains two small CP
support teams vice one in the battlefield surveillance brigade and fires
brigade signal companies. Figure 1-3 depicts the modular support
brigades signal companies.

COMPANY HEADQUARTERS
1-29. The company headquarters provides C2, logistics, and
administrative support for the company.

NETWORK EXTENSION PLATOON

1-30. The network extension platoon provides support to the
brigade main CP.

Joint Network Node Section

1-31. The JNN team provides switching, satellite, and data
package capabilities. The high-capacity line of sight (HCLOS) team
provides LOS connectivity between brigade CPs and higher, adjacent,
and subordinate units. The secure mobile anti-jam reliable tactical
terminal (SMART-T) is a tactical SATCOM terminal that provides
BLOS connectivity between the brigade and higher or adjacent
headquarters.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-15

Chapter 1

Figure 1-3. Modular support brigades signal company

organizational structure

1-16 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Signal Soldier’s Roles and Responsibilities

Extension Section
1-32. The extension section provides a wireless network extension
team for range extension of the brigade Single Channel Ground and
Airborne Radio System (SINCGARS) network and EPLRS teams to
provide net control station and gateway capability for data
reconstitution of EPLRS, near term digital radio, and SINCGARS data
traffic.

RANGE EXTENSION PLATOON

1-33. The range extension platoon provides C2 for three
SINCGARS wireless network extension teams for coverage of the
brigade AO and small CP support teams that provide support for
subordinate brigade CPs.

SIGNAL COMPANY COMMANDERS

1-34. The signal company commanders within the corps, division,
and brigade share much the same organization and work closely with
their respective G-6/S-6.
1-35. The signal company commander is responsible for the
installation, operation, and maintenance of the information network.
While the G-6/S-6 has authority over the network and recommends the
emplacement and displacement of signal assets, the execution orders
are developed and issued through the normal command channels,
usually a fragmentary order (FRAGO) from the assistant chief of staff,
operations (G-3)/S-3 directing movement. The authority over the signal
company’s assets is employed using TSOs, using the NETOPS
functions and the applicable NOSC.
1-36. The signal company commander maintains command
authority and is responsible for the health and welfare, training
readiness and electronic and vehicle maintenance of all signal company
personnel and equipment. The signal company commander directs the
company’s organic detachments and any attached or operational
control (OPCON) elements.
17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-17
Chapter 1

1-37. The signal company commander in a modular support

brigade has a unique challenge in that these support brigades are
designed to support BCTs and may carry out specific tasks to support
echelons above BCT. The support brigades are flexible organizations
with additional capabilities added based on factors of mission, enemy,
terrain and weather, troops and support available, time available and
civil considerations (METT-TC). Thus, the signal company
commander must support the brigade day-to-day mission as well as the
mission of the organization the support brigade is attached to for
specific operations.

S-6 and the Combat Service Support Automation

Management Officer
1-38. The S-6 section assists the CSS automation management
officer in troubleshooting mission application software problems. As
system administrators and system/software security managers for
sustainment hardware platforms, the CSS automation management
officer will perform all tasks normally associated with information
technology (IT) operations, ranging from issuing passwords to
installing anti-virus software. They will assist and advise on turn-in
procedures for line replaceable unit (LRU) items. The S-6 is
responsible for maintaining, administering, and troubleshooting the
network for the CSS automation management officer.

DIVISION COMMAND AND CONTROL

1-39. The division is the Army’s primary tactical and operational
warfighting headquarters. It is designed as a modular, C2 headquarters
for full spectrum operations. When deployed, the division headquarters
is organized around three C2 elements: the main CP, TAC CP, and a
mobile command group (MCG).

1-18 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Signal Soldier’s Roles and Responsibilities

DIVISION COMMAND POSTS

1-40. The design of the division gives the commander various
options for the employment of the headquarters. The MCG is equipped
to permit the division commander to reach any point in the division AO
by ground or air and remain linked to the rest of the headquarters and
to the common operational picture. The main CP can locate anywhere
in the AO, remain linked to the operation, develop plans, conduct
analysis, and provide detailed estimates. The TAC CP provides
flexibility for training, readiness, and operations.

Main Command Post

1-41. The organic division signal company supports the main CP,
but it requires longer set up and tear down time than the other CPs.
Since there is a lengthier time required for setup and connectivity, the
main CP normally deploys and sets up in a semi-stationary base within
theater.

Tactical Command Post

1-42. The TAC CP is supported by the organic division signal
company and has similar equipment. The TAC CP can rapidly tear
down and setup, but is not equipped for battle command on the move.
The TAC CP must halt to use full communications and network
capabilities.

Mobile Command Group

1-43. The MCG has organic ground C2 vehicles, a small security
force, and communications. The MCG staff is not fixed. The
commander selects members of the division staff to fill the MCG seats.
Given that the number of seats is limited by the ground and air systems,
only two or three members of the division staff go with the MCG.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-19

Chapter 1

DEPLOYMENT OF DIVISION COMMAND POSTS

1-44. The combination of CPs allows the division commander to
rotate readiness and training responsibilities while the division is in
garrison. The TAC CP maintains a higher readiness posture and may
configure equipment and personnel into an early entry CP package to
fit constrained lift with the other equipment and personnel prepared to
follow. The early entry CP may require augmentation from the main
CP.
1-45. The MCG deploys following the introduction of subordinate
forces into the joint operations area (JOA), and after the TAC CP is
operational there. The commander may elect to deploy the MCG with
the earliest deploying elements of the division or wait until the number
of units has reached the level where the commander’s presence is more
important in the JOA than at the home station.
1-46. The main CP, less any individuals and equipment needed to
augment the TAC CP to form the early entry CP, remains at home
station during the initial phase of the deployment process. Once the
early entry CP is established within the JOA of the gaining joint forces
command, the commander deploys the main CP into the JOA.
Normally the main CP deploys in at least two echelons.

G-6 RESPONSIBILITIES AT THE DIVISION

COMMAND POSTS
1-47. The division G-6 has separate elements to support the main
CP and TAC CP, though augmentation of the TAC CP is sometimes
required due to METT-TC. The functions of the G-6 elements differ
based on the responsibilities they are assigned.

1-20 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Signal Soldier’s Roles and Responsibilities

DIVISION G-6 OFFICER ROLES AND

RESPONSIBILITIES
1-48. The division G-6 officer is the senior signal officer who
exercises staff oversight of the division information network. The G-6
officer possesses the expertise to anticipate the need for dynamically
changing the network to support the division commanders’ scheme of
maneuver.
1-49. The G-6 officer derives his authority to control the network
from the division commander; this authority empowers him to use all
signal equipment and personnel to complete his mission. A successful
mission implies that all signal-training requirements are met prior to
employment. He controls these network assets via the NOSC and uses
the TSO, much like the division G-3, uses the FRAGO to control the
maneuver forces under the division. The G-6 officer’s network
responsibilities encompass all the management and control of the
network. The NOSC enables the G-6 to monitor the health of the
network in support of the command.
1-50. The G-6 officer is the principal staff officer for all matters
concerning communications, EMSO, and networks. The G-6 officer
has the technical oversight responsibility over the division information
networks including training readiness responsibility of the division
signal company. The G-6 officer is accountable for all network
transport, network services, and the viability of information systems
across the force.
1-51. By executing the commander’s intent, the G-6 officer directs
all technical changes to the network. To make physical moves to signal
equipment, the G-6 officer recommends FRAGOs to direct such
movement with the G-3. He is responsible for advising the division
commander, staff, and subordinate commanders on communications
and information operational matters (staff responsibilities, technical
guidance, and training readiness responsibilities).

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-21

Chapter 1

1-52. The division G-6 officer has the following responsibilities—

z Prepares, maintains, and updates communications and information
operations estimates, plans, and orders. These orders will often direct
configuration management changes across multiple brigades.
z Monitors and makes recommendations on all technical
communications and information operations.
z Acts as the ARFOR G-6 when needed (equipment and personnel
augmentation may be required to support this mission).
z Advises the commander, staff, and subordinate commanders on
communications operations and network priorities for C2 (for example,
changing bandwidth allocation to support the division main effort—a
brigade reinforced with additional intelligence, surveillance, and
reconnaissance assets).
z Directs technical changes to all portions of the division network
via the TSO process.
z Acts as the joint task force (JTF) J-6, if required. Equipment and
personnel augmentation will be required to support this mission and
will be provided by the theater-level units such as the theater G-6, a
signal command (theater) (SC[T]), or a signal brigade/Army service
component command (ASCC).
z Prepares and/or publishes communications operations SOPs for
division CPs.
z Coordinates, plans, and manages division EMSO within the
division AO.
z Plans and coordinates with higher and lower headquarters
regarding information systems upgrade, replacement, elimination, and
integration.
z In coordination with the assistant chief of staff, intelligence (G-2)),
G-3, assistant chief of staff, information operations (G-7), operational
chain of command, and STNOSC, coordinates, plans, and directs all IA
activities and information operations vulnerability and risk
assessments.

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Signal Soldier’s Roles and Responsibilities

z In coordination with the division G-6 staff—

Actively coordinates with a variety of external
agencies to develop the information and
communications plans, manages the information
network, obtains required services, and supports
mission requirements.
Develops, produces, changes, and/or updates and
distributes signal-operating instructions.
Confirms and validates user information
requirements in direct response to the tactical
mission.
z Establishes information policies and procedures for using and
managing information tools and resources.
z Provides units assigned or attached to the division with direction
and guidance during preparation of network plans and produces
diagrams establishing the information network.
z Plans and integrates information systems and ABCS equipment
due to unit task organization/reorganization.
z In coordination with the corps and JTF, plans and directs all
NETOPS activities within the division AO.
z Coordinates the contractor support for CE systems within the
division AO.

TRAINING READINESS RESPONSIBILITIES

1-53. The division G-6 officer has the following training readiness
responsibilities—
z Ensures the development of required skills of all signal personnel
within the division AO.
z In coordination with the assistant chief of staff, personnel (G-1),
identifies requirements and manages the distribution of signal
personnel within the division.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-23

Chapter 1

z In coordination with the G-3, monitors and provides oversight for

information dissemination to adjust to changing warfighting function
priorities and control measures within the division AO.
z In coordination with the division G-6 staff, ensures automation
systems and administration procedures for all automation hardware and
software used by the division comply with the Global Information Grid
(GIG) procedures and standards or Army specifications.
z Ensures, in coordination with the special troops battalion (STB)
commander, the division signal company is trained to support division
missions and tasks during home station training events and
deployments.

DIVISION G-6 ORGANIZATION

1-54. The division G-6 is organized and resourced to provide
NETOPS support to the division CPs (tactical, main, and MCG). The
G-6 uses NETOPS functions to synchronize disparate division unit
networks into one division information network, as a part of the
LandWarNet (LWN) and GIG. The NETOPS functions performed in
the subordinate support brigades and BCTs provide a second echelon
of NETOPS management that the division G-6 coordinates as part of a
greater NETOPS plan. The division G-6 has separate elements to
support the main CP and TAC CP, though augmentation of the TAC
CP is sometimes required due to METT-TC. The functions of the G-6
elements differ based on the responsibilities they are assigned. Figures
1-4 and 1-5 show the division G-6 section organization.

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Signal Soldier’s Roles and Responsibilities

Figure 1-4. Division G-6 section organization

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-25

Chapter 1

Figure 1-5. Division G-6 section organizations

1-26 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Signal Soldier’s Roles and Responsibilities

G-6 Signal Operations

1-55. The signal operations section consists of a network
management, plans, IA, and information dissemination management
elements. The signal operations section has the following
responsibilities—
z Integrates network management, information dissemination
management, and IA functions.
z Maintains network connectivity across the division, to include
units deployed to the AO, units en route to the AO, and units at the
home station.
z Manages the division network from the applications residing on
individual platforms through the points at which the division network
connects to the GIG.
z Executes deliberate modifications to the division network to meet
the needs of the commander.
z Manages requirements; accepts, validates, and tracks headquarters
and subordinate unit communications requirements (computers, cell
phones, radios, etc.).
z Monitors network performance.
z Manages the quality of service of the services provided through
the division network, including the interoperability of the division
network with external networks that are not controlled by the G-6 (for
example, Global Broadcast System [GBS], Trojan Special Purpose
Integrated Remote Intelligence Terminal [SPIRIT], and CSS very small
aperture terminal [VSAT]).
z Coordinates satellite access requests and deconflicts frequencies.
z Resolves, reports, and coordinates with other agencies to resolve
radio frequency conflicts.
z Secures access into the division network and monitors access and
activities internal to the network.
z Provides situational awareness (SA) to the theater network
operations security center (TNOSC) and SA/network common
operating picture to authorized division recipients.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-27

Chapter 1

z Ensures compliance with GIG network defense policies and JTF-

global NETOPS/TNOSC GIG network defense communications
tasking orders and or telecommunications service orders (TSOs).
z Prepares, maintains and updates command information
management estimates, plans, and orders.
z In coordination with the G-3, establishes procedures for using
relevant information and information systems to develop the common
operational picture.
z Coordinates, plans, and directs the development of the common
operational picture within the main CP.
z Coordinates with staff sections to ensure information quality
criteria (accuracy, timeliness, usability, completeness, precision, and
reliability) are maintained.
z Coordinates local information network capabilities and services.
z Monitors and reports status of information network; coordinates
future network connectivity.
z Coordinates future communications and information operations
interface with joint and multinational forces to include host nation.
z Provides EMSO.
z Develops and publishes Annex K to the division operation order
(OPORD).
z Plans the transition of responsibility for the tactical network from
the division to permanent theater signal assets (integrated theater signal
battalion or commercial/contract).

G-6 Signal System Integration Oversight Section

1-56. The signal system integration oversight section performs the
following functions—
z Oversees network certification for division units.
z Coordinates and tracks communications systems modernization.
z Coordinates and tracks communications systems maintenance.
z Oversees contractor support.
z Coordinates and tracks communications maintenance.

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Signal Soldier’s Roles and Responsibilities

z Coordinates collective communications systems training.

z Coordinates communications systems commercialization.
z Coordinates division communications readiness exercises.
z Training readiness responsibility for division headquarters and
assigned unit JNN teams.
z Oversees the installation of division CP wire and cable, to include
cable system installation in fixed facilities.
z Coordinates field level maintenance support for commercial off-
the-shelf (COTS) and government off-the-shelf systems.

G-6 Signal System Support Section

1-57. The G-6 signal system support section supports the TAC CP
to temporarily assume C2 of current operations, future operations,
plans and analysis, or C2 of specific tasks while the main CP is either
emplacing or displacing. When not deployed, the TAC falls in on and
reinforces the capabilities of the main CP. The employment of the
signal system support teams is METT-TC dependent. These teams
support the main and TAC CPs as needed. The G-6 signal system
support section performs the following functions for the tactical CP—
z Manages the local equipment and facilities that collect, process,
store, display, and disseminate information, including computers
(hardware and software) and communications as well as policies and
procedures for their use.
z Monitors, manages, and controls organic communications systems
that interface with the GIG.
z Performs tactical NETOPS functions (network management,
information dissemination management, IA).
z Manages a set of integrated applications, processes, and services
that provide the capability for producers and users to locate, retrieve,
and send/receive information.
z Install, operate, maintain, and defend server data (SIPRNET) and
military Internet (NIPRNET) in support of the division CP operations.
z Manage installation and operation of the LAN, to include
cable/wire installation and troubleshooting.
17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-29
Chapter 1

z Install CP cable and wire; coordinates and supervises team

members in the construction, installation, and recovery of cable and
wire communications systems and auxiliary equipment within division
CPs.
z Forms a portion of the division Information Service Support
Office.
z Installs and operates the division’s IT help desk; provides e-mail
assistance and other help desk functions.
z Assist division units with network installation and troubleshooting
as directed by the G-6.

DIVISION NETWORK OPERATIONS SECURITY CENTER

1-58. The division G-6 officer is responsible for the employment
of a fully integrated NOSC providing NETOPS functions for the
division. All division signal elements must coordinate with the division
NOSC during the engineering, installation, operation, maintenance, and
defense of the division information network.
1-59. The division NOSC has overall responsibility for
establishing the division information network and providing the
operational and technical support to all units assigned or attached to the
division operating in the AO.
1-60. The division NOSC performs the NETOPS activities,
functions, and tasks required to create a dynamic and responsive
network. This network also quickly shifts priorities in order to support
the ground tactical plan. This management function extends the
strategic GIG capabilities into responsive, dynamic, and tactical
formations.
1-61. In order to increase responsiveness of a complex network
and to facilitate the bandwidth required to support the division
headquarters and brigade networks, the division employs a NETOPS
cell with the regional network service center. The regional network
service center flattens disparate time division multiple access (TDMA)
satellite network structure and increases the bandwidth capability from

1-30 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Signal Soldier’s Roles and Responsibilities

approximately 6–40 megabits per second (Mbps). The embedded

NETOPS cell provides the management to enable the division network.
1-62. In addition, by expanding bandwidth, the division has the
capability to dynamically reassign the bandwidth so that the
communications support plan can match the division commander’s
ground tactical plan. An example of this capability is the division
designating a BCT as the main effort for an assault. The division
commander’s primary effort is to give the BCT a direct unmanned
aircraft system/sensor feed that must be broadcasted across the entire
network. The division G-6 matches the communications support plan
enabling the added, nonorganic capability by allocating a larger
segment of the division-enabled bandwidth.
1-63. The following are the division NOSC responsibilities—
z In coordination with the operational chain of command, STNOSC,
and subordinate organizations, monitors, manages, and ensures
implementation of enterprise system management/network
management, information dissemination management/content staging,
and IA/CND activities.
z Provides near real-time awareness of division networks and
systems to the division G-6 and STNOSC.
z Coordinates actions to resolve attacks/incidents on the division
network with the STNOSC and subordinate organizations.
z Coordinates operational procedures and requirements for IA/CND
and information systems security with the supporting Army service
component command regional computer emergency response team.
z In coordination with division signal company, monitors, manages,
and controls intra-division information network components.
z Monitors the operation of the networks in the division’s
subordinate units.
z Provides support and assistance to the subordinate NOSCs as
required.
z Administers the organizational message system (defense message
system [DMS]) in the division, including managing network addresses
and sub-domains.
17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-31
Chapter 1

z Coordinates operation and maintenance support of

communications systems. These systems are attached to support
deployed division forces with the split-base and reach operations
capability to the home base.
z Shares enterprise system management/network management
information with other management or monitoring centers.
z Provides the supporting STNOSC and ARFOR NOSC with near
real-time information on the status and performance of intra-division
networks.
z Orders and accounts for all forms of COMSEC material, including
storing keys in encrypted form and performing key generation and
automatic key distribution.
z Performs COMSEC material accounting functions and
communicates with other COMSEC elements.
z Performs content staging/information dissemination management
functions to support all aspects of relevant information dissemination.
z Provides near real-time awareness of division networks and
systems that support the joint backbone to the JTF Joint Network
Operations Control Center (JNCC) when the division is serving as the
ARFOR.

G-6 AND THE MOBILE COMMAND GROUP

1-64. The G-6 may or may not be a participant in the MCG. Since
there is limited space for division staff, it is up to the division
commander as to the specific composition of the MCG. If the G-6 or
his representative does participate in the MCG, his responsibilities will
vary and depend on how the MCG operates (ground or air) and from
what location. The G-6 will have minimal network access and virtually
no network management tools beyond those contained in his vehicle.
Available MCG communications systems will include voice and data.

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Signal Soldier’s Roles and Responsibilities

DIVISION SIGNAL COMPANY ROLES AND

RESPONSIBILITIES
1-65. The division signal company provides 24-hour operations
supporting the division headquarters. It provides operational elements
designed to engineer, install, operate, maintain, and defend the joint
theater network supporting division operations as an integral part of the
division, theater army, ARFOR, or JTF IAW technical guidance
provided by the division G-6 officer.
1-66. This support creates responsive redirection of network
priorities, policies, and allocations to better support tactical operations
in the division or subordinate brigades. The division G6 (assistant chief
of staff, network operations) officer’s technical oversight ensures the
division network personnel and equipment are trained and maintained
at the levels required to be successful.

DIVISION SIGNAL COMPANY ORGANIZATION

1-67. The division signal company is subordinate to the STB and
consists of the headquarters, G-6 and signal detachment. To ensure the
division commanders’ intent is met, the division signal company
operates under the authority of the division G-6 officer where the G-6
controls all NETOPS. Figure 1-6 provides a diagram of the division
signal company organization.
1-68. The company is commanded by a major with a sergeant
major assigned as the chief signal NCO and the signal detachment is
assigned a captain and first sergeant. The G-6 is comprised of the staff
G-6 section previously addressed. The signal detachment contains the
elements necessary to support the main and TAC CPs and addressed
here.
1-69. The company headquarters provides command, control, and
command supervision of signal detachments assigned or attached to the
company. The headquarters section is responsible for implementation
of operations and intelligence directives received from higher
headquarters.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-33

Chapter 1

Figure 1-6. Division signal company organization

1-34 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Signal Soldier’s Roles and Responsibilities

1-70. The signal company commander maintains command

authority and is responsible for the health and welfare, training
readiness, and electronic and vehicle maintenance of all signal
company personnel and equipment. The signal company commander
directs the company’s organic detachments and any attached elements.

Signal Detachment
1-71. The signal detachment is modular and can deploy and
support the division main and TAC CP LWN systems. It is composed
of multiple voice and data sub-networks providing information
exchange among division elements. The sub-networks overlap by
echelon to provide survivable and robust networks.
1-72. The signal detachment headquarters provides for command,
control, and coordination of the detachment mission. It is designed to
provide command, control, and supervision to the three platoons that
provide communications support to the division main and TAC CP.
1-73. The company headquarters provides C2 to the company.
The headquarters is responsible for administration and logistics
support. The detachment headquarters provides the detachment C2 and
limited NETOPS support.
1-74. The network hub platoon consists of the TDMA and
frequency division multiple access (FDMA) multiband sections and the
baseband and hub support sections. It installs, operates, and maintains
the network hubs and satellite connectivity to the GIG.

Main CP and TAC CP platoons

1-75. The main CP and TAC CP platoons support the division and
TAC CPs. These platoons differ in that the main CP platoon has an
additional JNN, HCLOS, and SMART-T team assigned to it. These
platoons have capabilities and personnel to provide the following
services—
z BLOS and LOS connectivity.
z Secure voice (tactical and Defense Switched Network).

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-35

Chapter 1

z NIPRNET, SIPRNET, and Joint Worldwide Intelligence

Communications System (limited).
z Defense Red Switch Network.
z Video teleconferencing.
z Installation and administration of CP networks.
z Voice radio (single channel SATCOM, high frequency, and
SINCGARS).
z Voice radio range extension.
z Help desk.
z Performs field level maintenance on CE systems.

Network Hub Platoon

1-76. The network hub platoon provides the division tactical hub
node (THN) necessary to connect and make use of DISN/GIG services.
The division tactical hubs provide TDMA and FDMA satellite
connectivity. The network hub platoon consists of the TDMA and
FDMA multiband section, the Baseband and Hub Support Sections. It
installs, operates and maintains the network hub and satellite
connectivity to the GIG.

Cable Section
1-77. The cable section assists the data support teams at the
division main and TAC CPs as needed to establish the division
infrastructure and inside cable functions.

THE CORPS
Note. The headquarters design and unit structure of the
corps is pending review, information in this manual
represents the latest information available.

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Signal Soldier’s Roles and Responsibilities

1-78. The corps headquarters is being restructured to fill four

primary roles. The corps headquarters primarily serves as an
intermediate tactical headquarters in a major combat operation (MCO),
but it may be used as an ARFOR headquarters, JTF headquarters, or
Joint Force Land Component Command (JFLCC) headquarters.
1-79. The corps headquarters has essential C2 capabilities and is
rapidly deployable to provide C2 for Army, joint, and multinational
forces engaged in operations. The corps headquarters does not have
any organic troops other than the STB. It can control any mix of
modular brigades and divisions.

CORPS COMMAND POSTS

1-80. The modular corps design, combined with robust
communications, gives the corps commander a flexible CP structure.
Like the division, the corps has three CPs: main CP, TAC CP, and
MCG.

MAIN COMMAND POST

1-81. The main CP is responsible for the continuity of corps
operations. It synchronizes the conduct of corps current operations and
allocates available resources. It oversees the future planning, analysis
for current and future operations, sustainment coordination, and other
staff functions. The main CP is much larger than the TAC CP and is
organized into a mix of warfighting functions and integrating cells for
staff communications and interaction. All warfighting functions are
represented or available to serve temporarily in the current operations
and plans integrating cells.

TACTICAL COMMAND POST

1-82. The corps TAC CP is organized as a current operations
integrating cell. It can control the corps operations for a limited amount
of time when the main CP is unavailable. The TAC CP may be used to
control combinations of operations involving subordinate units, such as

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-37

Chapter 1

river crossings, passage of lines, and relief in place. The TAC CP

receives a task-organized support element of communications and life
support provided by the headquarters battalion.

Mobile Command Group

1-83. The MCG has organic ground C2 vehicles, a small security
force, and communications. The MCG staff is not fixed. The corps
commander selects members of the corps staff based on the situation.
The corps signal company provides communications capabilities.

Early Entry Command Post

1-84. The early entry CP is an ad hoc organization comprised of
equipment and personnel from the staff of the main and TAC CPs. The
early entry CP is staffed with a mix of current operations personnel and
planners able to coordinate the reception of the corps and plan its initial
operations.

G-6 RESPONSIBILITIES AT THE CORPS

COMMAND POSTS
1-85. The corps G-6 has separate elements to support the main CP
and TAC CP, though augmentation of the TAC CP is sometimes
required due to METT-TC. The functions of the G-6 elements differ
based on the responsibilities they are assigned. In addition, the
composition of the G-6 may be augmented depending on the situation
and the role the corps is assigned. The MCG and early entry CP have
no fixed organization and their composition will depend on METT-TC.
Figures 1-7 and 1-8 shows the corps G-6 section organization.

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Signal Soldier’s Roles and Responsibilities

Figure 1-7. Corps G6 section organization

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-39

Chapter 1

Figure 1-8. Corps G6 section organization

1-40 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Signal Soldier’s Roles and Responsibilities

CORPS G-6 OFFICER

1-86. The corps G-6 officer is the principal staff officer for all
matters concerning communications, EMSO, and networks. The G-6
officer has authority over the corps information networks including
training readiness responsibility of the corps signal company. The G-6
is responsible for planning, designing, and directing the corps signal
company to execute the communications plan to support the corps
commander’s intent. By executing the commander’s intent, the G-6
directs all technical changes to the network.
1-87. To make physical moves to signal equipment, the G-6
recommends FRAGOs to direct such movement with the G-3. He is
responsible for advising the corps commander, staff, and subordinate
commanders on communications operational matters.

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

1-88. The corps G-6 officer has the following roles and
responsibilities—
z Prepares, maintains, and updates communications operations
estimates, plans, and orders. These orders will often cause
configuration management changes across multiple brigades. (See
Appendix D for a sample Signal Annex to an OPORD.)
z Monitors and makes recommendations on all technical
communications and information operations.
z Advises the commander, staff, and subordinate commanders on
communications and information operations and network priorities for
C2 (for example, changing bandwidth allocation to support the corps
main effort or a brigade reinforced with additional intelligence,
surveillance, and reconnaissance assets).
z Directs technical changes to all portions of the corps network via
the TSO process.
z Develops, produces, changes/updates, and distributes signal
operating instruction material.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-41

Chapter 1

z Prepares/publishes communications operations SOPs for corps

CPs.
z Coordinates, plans, and manages corps EMSO within the corps
AO.
z Plans and coordinates with higher and lower headquarters
regarding information systems upgrades, replacements, eliminations,
and integrations.
z In coordination with the G-2, G-3, G-7 operational chain of
command, and STNOSC, plans and directs all IA activities and
information operations vulnerability and risk assessments.
z In coordination with the staff, actively coordinates with a variety
of external agencies to develop the information and communications
plans, manages the information network, obtains required services, and
supports mission requirements.
z Confirms and validates user information requirements in direct
response to a tactical mission.
z Establishes communications and information policies and
procedures for using and managing information tools and resources.
z Acts as the JFLCC J-6 officer, if required. Equipment and
personnel augmentation will be required to support this mission and
will be provided by theater as necessary.
z Provides signal unit operations sections with direction and
guidance during preparation of network plans and produces diagrams
establishing the information WAN.
z Plans and integrates information systems and ABCS equipment
due to unit task organization/reorganization.
z In coordination with the JTF, plans and directs all NETOPS
activities within the corps AO.

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Signal Soldier’s Roles and Responsibilities

TRAINING READINESS RESPONSIBILITIES

1-89. The corps G-6 officer has the following training readiness
responsibilities—
z Ensures the development of required skills of all signal personnel
within the corps AO.
z In coordination with the G-1, identifies requirements and manages
the distribution of signal personnel within the corps.
z In coordination with the G-3, monitors and provides oversight for
information dissemination to change warfighting functions, priorities,
and control measures within the corps AO.
z Ensures automation systems and administration procedures for all
automation hardware and software used by the corps comply with the
GIG procedures and standards or Army specifications.
z In coordination with the STB staff, ensures the corps signal
company is trained to support corps missions and tasks.

CORPS G-6 OFFICER AND THE NOSC

1-90. The corps G-6 officer employs a fully integrated NOSC
providing NETOPS functions for the corps. All corps signal elements
must coordinate with the NOSC during the engineering, installation,
operation, maintenance, and defense of the corps information network.
1-91. The corps NOSC has overall responsibility for establishing
the corps information network and provides the operational and
technical support to all of the corps signal elements in its AO.
1-92. The corps NOSC performs the NETOPS activities,
functions, and tasks required to create a dynamic and responsive
network. This network also quickly shifts priorities to support the
ground tactical plan. This management function extends the strategic
GIG’s capabilities into responsive, dynamic, and tactical formations.

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Chapter 1

1-93. The corps NOSC has the following responsibilities—

z In coordination with the operational chain of command, STNOSC,
and subordinate organizations, monitors, manages, and ensures
implementation of enterprise system management/network
management, information dissemination management/content staging,
and IA/CND activities.
z Coordinates actions to resolve attacks/incidents on the corps
network with the STNOSC and subordinate organizations.
z Coordinates operational procedures and requirements for IA/CND
and information systems security with the operational chain of
command and supporting regional computer emergency response team.
z In coordination with the corps signal company commander,
monitors, manages, and controls intra-corps information network
components.
z Monitors the operation of the networks in the corps units.
z Provides support and assistance to the subordinate NOSCs, as
required.
z Administers the organizational message system (DMS) in the
corps, including managing network addresses and sub-domains.
z Coordinates operation and maintenance support of
communications systems.
z Shares enterprise system management/network management
information with other management or monitoring centers.
z Provides the supporting STNOSC and ARFOR NOSC with near
real-time information on the status and performance of corps networks.
z Orders and accounts for all forms of COMSEC material, including
storing keys in encrypted form and performing key generation and
automatic key distribution.
z Performs COMSEC material accounting functions and
communicates with other COMSEC elements.

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Signal Soldier’s Roles and Responsibilities

z Performs information dissemination management/content staging

functions to support all aspects of relevant information dissemination.
z Provides near real-time awareness of corps networks and systems
that support the joint backbone to the JTF JNCC when the corps is
serving as the ARFOR/JFLCC.

CORPS G-6 OFFICER AS JOINT FORCE LAND COMPONENT

COMMAND J-6 RESPONSIBILITIES
1-94. The JTF J-6 officer is responsible to the commander, JTF,
for—
z Determining personnel requirements, including the number of
personnel, grade, and clearance, and any personnel peculiarities for the
directorate. Forwarding these requirements to the JTF personnel
directorate of a joint staff (J-1) with appropriate billet description and
justification.
z Providing the communications system to support reliable, timely
information flow in support of joint operations. This includes the
development of communications systems architectures and plans, as
well as policy, guidance, and instructions for the integration and
installation of operational communications systems.
z The JTF J-6 officer exercises staff supervision of all
communications systems assets. This also includes Chairman, Joint
Chiefs of Staff controlled transportable assets, automated information
systems, COMSEC, and networks necessary to accomplish the overall
joint force mission.
z Ensuring that subordinate service and/or component headquarters
establish network management and control centers. The JTF J-6 officer
establishes clear lines of communications and reporting obligations
between control centers. Each element of the JTF must have clearly
defined missions and responsible areas within the network.
z Coordinating cross-service agreements between the JTF
headquarters, component planners, and the JNCC. The JTF J-6 officer
17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-45
Chapter 1

establishes a JNCC to manage all communications systems deployed

during operations and exercises. The JNCC:
Exercises control and technical management over
communications control centers belonging to
deployed components and subordinate commands.
Serves as the single control agency for
management and operational direction of the joint
communications networks and infrastructure.
Performs planning, execution, technical, and
management functions.
Develops/disseminates standards and procedures
and collects and presents communications system
management statistical data. The JNCC manages all
tactical communications systems and strategic
communications connectivity as defined by the joint
operational architecture.
z Reviewing all communications systems plans prepared by
subordinate component commanders. The JTF J-6 facilitates the
execution of all communications systems actions to maximize support
to the commander JTF and adjudicates any conflicts.

NETWORK SYSTEMS MAINTENANCE

1-95. Army transformation presents challenges for signal leaders
and staff requiring greater coordination to ensure success of the
network. The challenge centers on the G-6, S-6, and division/brigade
signal company leadership. Overcoming the challenge requires
working through the organizational boundaries of the respective STB,
and brigades to sustain the LWN. Refer to Appendix E for detailed
maintenance information.

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Signal Soldier’s Roles and Responsibilities

ARMY FORCE GENERATION MODEL

1-96. The Army force generation model is the structured
progression of increased unit readiness over time resulting in recurring
periods of availability of trained, ready, and cohesive units prepared for
operational deployment in support of civil authorities and combatant
commander (CCDR) requirements.
1-97. The Army force generation model cycles Army brigades
through three force pools of progressive readiness over a specified
time—currently three years for the Active Army and six years for the
Reserve Component. This goal has not yet been attained. These three
force pools are reset/train, ready, and available. Throughout the
process, an attempt is made to stabilize assigned personnel for the
duration of the readiness cycle.

RESET/TRAIN
1-98. Units enter the reset/train force pool when they redeploy
from long-term operations or complete their planned deployment
window in the available force pool. Reset is a series of actions taken to
restore units to a desired level of combat capability commensurate with
mission requirements and available resources.

READY FORCE POOL

1-99. Units in the ready force pool are available for full spectrum
operations. They may be mobilized and can be committed to meet
operational requirements. Deploying units from the ready force pool
constitute a surge. Units continue their structured progression of
collective training to achieve the higher theater or core mission
essential task list capability for full spectrum operations. Units move
from ready to the available force pool when commanders assess they
have met designated capability levels and the units have entered their
designated window for deployment.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-47

Chapter 1

AVAILABLE FORCE POOL

1-100. Units in the available force pool are at the highest state of
training and readiness levels and the first to be considered for sourcing
operational requirements. All Active Army and Reserve Component
rotational units pass through the one-year available force pool window
when they may deploy to meet an operational requirement or remain
focused on a specific contingency requirement.

1-48 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Chapter 2

Signal Planning Process

The G-6/S-6 uses a warning order (WARNO) to

initiate the signal planning process. The G-6/S-6
gathers general information on the initial who,
what, when, and where and of the proposed
operation. This chapter covers the necessary
steps that effectively execute the signal planning
process.

SIGNAL LEADER’S ROLE IN THE

MILITARY DECISIONMAKING PROCESS
2-1. The G-6/S-6 is the principal staff officer for all matters concerning
signal operations, automation and network management, and
information security. The G-6/S-6 initiates the signal planning process,
to support the MDMP, when the WARNO is received. He coordinates
with all the elements involved in the proposed operation. The signal
steps, actions, and events discussed below are critical to mission
success of the MDMP.

Note. Appendix D is a sample signal annex to an

OPORD. Refer to FM 5-0 for an in-depth explanation
of an OPORD.

STEP ONE: RECEIPT OF THE MISSION

2-2. Once the mission is received and the staff is alerted, the staff
gathers the tools to begin planning and conducting an initial assessment
of the mission. If there is a higher headquarters operation plan, read the

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 2-1

Chapter 2

base order, review Annex C (Operational Graphics), Annex A (Task

Organization), the signal annex, and other annexes as needed. The G-
6/S-6 will extract specified, implied, and essential tasks as well as any
facts, assumptions, and constraints that apply to the G-6/S-6 staff. The
staff will continue to develop running estimates and prepare WARNO
(number one) with the intent of coming back together and
consolidating each section’s work on the overall mission analysis
briefing for the commander and staff.

WARNO (Number One)

2-3. WARNO (number one) is a preliminary notice of an order to
action, which determines if a unit is slated for a possible deployment. It
also includes pertinent information such as—
z Analysis of the AO.
z General enemy and friendly situation.
z Attachments/detachments.
z Type and time of operation.
z Tentative time line.
z Security, movement, and/or reconnaissance instruction.
z Other pertinent information.
2-4. WARNO (number one) may also include specific communications
elements that the S-6/G-6 may receive as an attachment (for example, a
tactical satellite [TACSAT] operator). These assets are often task
organized to brigade and battalion level. If new COMSEC material
must be requested, then that information should be listed in the
WARNO. Specific communication and C2 information in the WARNO
may include—
z Attached communications assets.
z Specific equipment (what type, where and when it needs to be
picked up, if applicable).
z Date and time of digital C2 rehearsal or communications exercise
(if known).
z Type of COMSEC to be used.

2-2 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Signal Planning Process

z CP positioning.
z Specific communications or C2 guidance.
z Succession of command.

Initial Planning
2-5. The S-6 must also brief the communications chief/section so they
can begin to execute their initial deployment preparation as defined in
the unit SOP.

Request For Information

2-6. A request for information (RFI) is sent to a higher headquarters for
clarification of an issue (unit SOP should specify a means for
submitting and tracking RFIs). RFIs should be quality controlled,
tracked, and consolidated in one location. An RFI manager (usually in
the S-3 section) should consolidate similar information request from
multiple elements. The G-6/S-6 should also track his own RFIs.

STEP TWO: CONDUCT MISSION ANALYSIS

2-7. During the mission analysis the S-6/G-6 will conduct the following
tasks—
z Determine how much time he has to complete the mission.
z Analyze the order form higher headquarters.
z Coordinate with adjacent, higher, and lower unit S-6s.
z Complete a signal staff estimate.
z Conduct a signal site analysis describing how the terrain, weather,
and enemy will affect the mission. Include wideband versus
narrowband in the analysis.
z Capture any signal-specific guidance.
z Identify facts and assumptions.
z Identify specified, implied, and essential tasks.
z Provide input to WARNO (number two).

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 2-3

Chapter 2

Effective Mission Analysis

2-8. Conducting effective mission analysis is the key to the G-6/S-6
successfully providing signal support to the unit and providing the G-
6/S-6 with a voice in the planning process. Many G-6s/S-6s fail to have
the necessary tools to conduct an effective mission analysis, which may
lead to a signal support plan that is developed after a COA has been
selected. This failure leaves the S-6 scrambling to support the COA
that may not be supportable.

Time Management and Coordination

2-9. The G-6/S-6 must determine how much time he has to complete
the mission analysis based on the time line published by the executive
officer. If no guidance is issued, ask. Ideally, the commander has
issued his guidance, the executive officer has published a time line, and
the staff has issued WARNO (number one). This early in the process
the commander often may not be able to provide specific guidance.

Signal Staff Estimate

2-10. The G-6/S-6 should complete a signal staff estimate. It is
based on the G-6/S-6 ability to support, compare, and approve friendly
COAs. The estimate includes all of the signal information including, at
a minimum, a signal mission analysis chart (which will outline what
signal equipment is on-hand, in-use, non-mission capable, and
available), projected wireless network extension sites, and FM
coverage (mission analysis side).

Signal Site Analysis

2-11. The G-6/S-6 should conduct a signal site analysis of the
entire AO, if possible, the area of interest. (Signal site selection is
explained later in the chapter.) This signal site analysis will provide
flexibility later in the planning and execution process. For this analysis
he should focus on providing area-type coverage, so should the mission
change and the operation is required in another area, he will already
know where effective communications coverage can be obtained.
2-4 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009
Signal Planning Process

Note. Do not just focus on hilltops. Many times an

effective location can be found in a valley or saddle that
will provide a wireless network extension team better
survivability than a hilltop that the enemy may also be
trying to use as an observation post.

2-12. The G-6/S-6 must also know the effective planning distance
for each available communications asset. Conducting an effective
evaluation of the terrain and developing a visual understanding of how
you will be able to support the mission is critical to planning process.
2-13. The G-6/S-6 must have a good understanding of the mission
and terrain analysis products to help the commander visualize how the
G-6/S-6 staff will support the mission. In many cases, a picture is
worth a thousand words. The picture helps the commander understand
what the staff is doing and why.
2-14. The G-6/S-6 will coordinate with the S-2 to determine the
enemy threat to anticipated communications locations. If the S-2 has
completed the enemy situation template, it can be used to ensure
communications sites have not been placed on or near any enemy
known or templated position.
2-15. As the G-6/S-6 determines the needs of the units, the
potential number of wireless network extension sites/teams needed to
cover the AO operations may become the criteria used later to
determine which COA is most supportable.
2-16. A communications plan to support the intelligence,
surveillance, and reconnaissance effort may be needed. The G-6/S-6
and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance section will
determine how best to support the intelligence, surveillance, and
reconnaissance plan with communications. Many times the
scouts/reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition/long-rang
surveillance conduct operations far from the current forward line of
troops; therefore, they need long-range communications assets to
support them.
17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 2-5
Chapter 2

2-17. Once the G-6/S-6 has identified all of the communications

requirements, the staff must prepare and deliver the mission analysis
brief to the commander. The commander needs to know the relevant
information to develop a situational understanding and formulate
detailed planning guidance. The commander and staff only need the G-
6/S-6 information that could directly affect how the COA will be
developed.
2-18. For example, if the high frequency range is a constraint
because the operations area either does not have the use of high
frequency ranges or there are a limited number of high frequency
ranges available to the brigade, another means of communications for
long-range communications will need to be identified. Additional
information that should be briefed includes any attachments and
detachments, equipment shortages and how the terrain affects
communications. It is important for digital brigades to report on the
range of the near-term digital radio based on the terrain.

WARNO (Number Two)

2-19. After the mission analysis brief, the staff disseminates
WARNO (number two). It should include the following
communications-specific elements—
z Time and place of the communications exercise.
z Information that was not available for WARNO number one.
z Visualization (graphic) products used for the mission analysis
brief.
z Digital file(s) subordinate S-6s can modify and use for their
mission analysis.

STEP THREE: COA DEVELOPMENT

2-20. During COA development, the staff can be developing two
or three COAs based on the guidance given by the commander. COAs
are usually developed by the S-3 and/or the executive officer, not the
commander. Many times the S-6 cannot cover down on the
development of multiple plans because they are being developed
2-6 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009
Signal Planning Process

simultaneously in different locations. In this case, the G-6/S-6 and

communications chief can cover down on different COA development
locations, or, if that is not possible, the G-6/S-6 should float between
the locations to track all COAs.
2-21. It is at this point that effective terrain analysis, developed in
mission analysis, become extremely important. The operation staff
officer developing the COA may ask the G-6/S-6 if his plan can be
supported by the communications plan the G-6/S-6 has been
developing. The wrong answer from the G-6/S-6 here may result in a
COA that is difficult or impossible to support during wargaming. A
complete or nearly complete terrain analysis will allow the G-6/S-6 to
answer this question with confidence.

COA Criteria
2-22. Each COA developed should meet the following criteria:
z Complete. It must complete the task in the mission statement.
z Feasible. The unit must have the capacity to accomplish the
mission in the terms of available time, space, and resources.
z Acceptable. The tactical or operational advantage gained by
executing the COA must justify the cost in resources, especially
casualties.
z Distinguishable. Each COA must differ significantly from the
others.
z Suitable. It must accomplish the mission and comply with the
commander’s guidance.

Note. While each maneuver COA must meet all five

criteria, your communications plan need not. It may not
need to be distinguishable; one plan may be able to
support several COAs.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 2-7

Chapter 2

Decisive Points
2-23. The commander’s staff should define the decisive point for
each COA. The G-6/S-6 should focus on this point. The G-6/S-6 must
absolutely be able to provide robust, reliable and redundant
communications support.

S-6 Input to COA Development

2-24. The G-6/S-6 provides the following input during COA
development—
z Use a terrain-based visualization program to refine proposed
tactical operations center (TOC) and C2 node locations.
z Identify communications dead space.
z Conduct a risk assessment.
z Identify proposed TOC and C2 node locations and displacement
triggers.
z Consider enemy locations.
z Plan for all phases of each COA to include the intelligence,
surveillance, and reconnaissance fight.
z Apply the complete, feasible, acceptable, distinguishable, and
suitable criteria to each COA.
z Consider primary, alternate, contingency, and emergency
communications (PACE) for each COA. An emergency means of
communications does not always have to be equipment; it may be a
procedure, such as moving back to the last known effective
communications point or linking up at a grid coordinate. The PACE
concept has always been a valuable tool to ensure there is a back up
communications plan in place in case the primary plan fails. An
example of the PACE concept would be—
Primary–—JNN.

Alternate—TACSAT.

Contingency—high frequency.

Emergency—SINCGARS.

2-8 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Signal Planning Process

STEP FOUR: COA ANALYSIS (WARGAMING)

2-25. COA analysis (wargaming) involves the following
procedures—
z Assemble tools;
FM coverage.

Signal mission analysis chart (completed).

Map.

Signal wargaming matrix (with locations penciled

in).
Evaluation criteria table.

Small signal/C2 icons (include main CP and TAC

CP).
z Apply evaluation criteria.
z Identify critical events.
z Identify decision points.
z Recommend COA(s).
z Issue WARNO (number three).
z Prepare for OPORD brief.
z Prepare for rehearsals.
2-26. Wargaming is a disciplined process and is probably one of
the most time consuming events other than conducting mission
analysis. The G-6/S-6 will need to know what critical events the staff
will wargame, the evaluation criteria for each COA, and what
wargaming method will be used.
2-27. The commander or executive officer dictates which
wargaming method the staff will use prior to the wargame. There are
three wargaming methods:
z The box method is a detailed analysis of a critical area, such as an
engagement area, a river crossing, or a landing zone. It is useful when
planning operations in noncontiguous AO.
z The belt method divides the AO into belts (areas) running the
width of the AO. The belt method is most effective when terrain is
17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 2-9
Chapter 2

divided into well-defined cross-compartments, during phased

operations (such as river crossings, air assaults, or airborne operations),
or when the enemy is deployed in clearly defined belts or echelons.
z The avenue in depth method focuses on one avenue of approach
at a time, beginning with the decisive operation.

G-6/S-6 Wargaming
2-28. Prior to wargaming, the G-6/S-6 must have his tools ready
to be effective. These tools include—
z FM footprint “slides.”
z COA evaluation criteria table.
z Signal wargaming tool matrix.
z Higher headquarters order.
z Map.
z Signal mission analysis chart.
z Signal modified table of organization and equipment analysis
worksheet.
z Previously constructed icons or “stickies.”
2-29. The wargame follows an action-reaction-counteraction
cycle. Actions are those events initiated by the side with initiative
(normally the force on the offensive). Reactions are the other side’s
actions in response. Counteractions are the first side’s responses to
reactions. This sequence of action-reaction-counteraction is continued
until the critical event is complete or until the commander determines
that he must use another COA to accomplish the mission. The G-6/S-6
will move “stickies” during each turn and identify grid coordinates for
key locations (refer to Figure 2-1 for an example of a signal wargaming
matrix).
2-30. Throughout the wargame, the staff must evaluate each COA
against some criteria that has been determined or approved by the
commander. The G-6/S-6 should also have some communications
evaluation criteria he uses for each COA. This could be the number of
wireless network extension teams needed to support each COA, the

2-10 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Signal Planning Process

amount of security available to each wireless network extension team,

or any other criteria the G-6/S-6 determines. Figure 2-2 can be used to
help capture how the G-6/S-6 will evaluate each COA.
2-31. When the staff briefs the commander, only the criteria he set
forth will be briefed; however, the G-6/S-6 may be asked which COA
he can best support and why. Here is where the G-6/S-6 portion of the
evaluation table can be used to clearly articulate why one is better and
what evaluation criteria was used to reached a decision.

Communications Nodes
2-32. Prior to conducting the wargame, the G-6/S-6 should have
already identified where he is going to place the wireless network
extension sites/teams and any other communications nodes. This
information is filled into the wargaming tool. The G-6/S-6 uses the tool
when he briefs these locations at the wargame. The S-6 should talk in
terms of where the signal node is located, its task and purpose, and its
command relationship. The G-6/S-6 should also use triggers to jump
the communications nodes forward.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 2-11

Chapter 2

Figure 2-1. Example of a signal wargaming matrix

2-12 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Signal Planning Process

Figure 2-2. COA evaluation criteria

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 2-13

Chapter 2

2-33. During the wargame, location tasks, purposes, triggers

(synchronization), and command relationships may change. The
wargaming tool can also be used to capture these changes. At the end
of the wargame, the G-6/S-6 will use this chart to help him write his
scheme of the signal support for the signal annex (refer to Annex D for
an example of a signal annex).

STEP FIVE: COA COMPARISON

2-34. The G-6/S-6 will want to consider comparing C2 of his
portion of each COA such as the number of wireless network extension
systems needed to support each COA and the amount of security
available to protect each wireless network extension team. (Refer to
Figure 2-3 for a sample COA comparison-briefing slide.)

Figure 2-3. Sample COA comparison briefing slide

2-14 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Signal Planning Process

STEP SIX: COA APPROVAL (DECISION BRIEF)

2-35. During the COA approval, the G-6/S-6 needs to be prepared
to discuss why he thinks a specific COA is more supportable than
another. The G-6/S-6 should have a copy of the evaluation criteria he
used to evaluate the various COAs. This chart covers not only specific
evaluation criteria the staff used as a whole, but the evaluation criteria
the G-6/S-6 used as well. These criteria could be anything from the
amount of security available for each C2 node to the number of
wireless network extension sites needed to support each COA. This
chart becomes important because the staff’s evaluation criteria often do
not address issues with which the G-6/S-6 is concerned.
2-36. Many commanders go around the room and ask various staff
officers if they agree with the COA recommended by the collective
staff and, if not, why. The G-6/S-6 can use this chart to argue that the
COA selected by the collective staff leaves the wireless network
extension sites without security and makes them vulnerable.

Final Planning Guidance

2-37. After the commander selects the COA, he may issue some
final planning guidance that may include a refined commander’s intent,
new commander’s critical information requirement, priorities for
warfighting functions to include communications guidance, orders
preparation, and rehearsal and preparation guidance.

WARNO (Number Three)

2-38. WARNO (number three) should include any of the products
that were used for the wargaming process that could be used by
battalion S-6s in their planning. This should include main CP/TAC CP
locations and the triggers to move them. These will become the basis
for the scheme of signal support. Any FM footprint or other products
developed should also be included as well as updated commander’s
critical information requirement and essential elements of friendly

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 2-15

Chapter 2

information, principle tasks assigned to subordinate units, preparation

and rehearsal instructions, and the final time line for operations.

STEP SEVEN: ORDERS PRODUCTIONS CHECKLIST

2-39. The staff prepares the OPORD by turning the selected COA
into a clear, concise concept of operation and required supporting
information. The concept of operations for the approved COA becomes
the concept of operations for the order. The commander reviews and
approves orders before the staff reproduces and disseminates them.
2-40. The S-6 can use the following orders productions
checklist—
z Publish base order paragraph 5 and the signal annex with all
appendices.
z Continually check and verify that changes are included in Annex
A, Task Organization.
z Publish the signal support overlays(s).
z Ensure all tasks to maneuver units are listed in both Annex H and
the base order.
z Coordinate with the fire support officer and ensure no-fire areas
are established over the C2 node sites.
z Publish initial and jump locations of all C2 nodes.
z Provide diagrams showing the scheme of signal support and FM
coverage.
z Prepare for rehearsal(s):there are five types of rehearsals (FM 6-0):
Confirmation brief.

Back brief.

Battle drills/SOP rehearsal.

Combined arms rehearsal.

Support rehearsal.

2-41. The S-6 is responsible for writing paragraph 5 of the base

order and ensuring task-organized units are listed in any additional
annexes. Many times there is very little time in between COA approval,

2-16 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Signal Planning Process

the OPORD brief, and producing the written OPORD. To be

successful, the S-6 needs to have a “shell” or template signal annex
already developed that outlines all the necessary recurring items.
2-42. Appendices to the signal annex could include a bubble chart
diagram for the FM nets, a listing of call signs, and the network
diagram. Some critical information that some may consider information
that should be included in an SOP could still be included in the
OPORD; compromise procedures are a good example. This may be an
SOP item, but many attached units will not have access to read the
unit’s SOP.
2-43. The scheme of the signal support should be written by phase
just like the base order. Each phase should start with the priority of
communications for that phase followed by a space to allow for easy
reference.
2-44. The G-6/S-6 should also produce an FM coverage overlay in
maneuver control system or whatever management system the unit is
using. Most of the time this overlay will not be displayed as part of the
common operating picture system in the unit’s CP. However, if a
communications node is lost during execution, the G-6/S-6 can call up
the overlay and quickly brief the command and staff on how
communications are affected across the AO. Commanders and staff can
also use this as guide to understand where coverage can be provided.

OPORD Brief
2-45. The OPORD briefing will allow each staff section to
provide its input while keeping the brief to approximately one hour.
Information briefed should only pertain to the subordinate commanders
receiving the order.
2-46. The G-6/S-6 should brief net priorities, task organizations,
and TOC locations as well as C2 nodes with task purpose by phase.
Use supporting terrain tools to show where the G-6/S-6 staff can and
cannot provide communications support.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 2-17

Chapter 2

G-6/S-6 TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES

AND THE MILITARY DECISIONMAKING
PROCESS
2-47. The final briefing of the OPORD is not the only
responsibility of the G-6/S-6. Troop leading procedures extend the
MDMP to small unit level. (Refer to 5-0 for more information on troop
leading procedures.) Troop leading procedures provide leaders a
framework for planning and preparing for operations. During the initial
receipt of the OPORD or WARNO, the G-6/S-6 should brief the
section sergeant/communications sergeant so subordinate Soldiers can
start to prepare for their portion of the mission. During this time the
communications section/platoon will ensure the following items are
checked—
z Prescribed load list on hand.
z Basic load of batteries.
z Operational radios.
z Additional radios needed for contingency use.
z Deadlined communications equipment.
z C2 vehicles prior to deployment.
z Radio transmission operator’s certification/maintenance training.
z Hardware and software that will be used to construct or
troubleshoot while working on the information network (data cables,
network interface card, software drivers).
z Updated signal operating instructions information (call signs,
challenges, and passwords).
z Pre-combat inspection (load plans).
z Appropriate satellite access requests are submitted or DISA
commercial SATCOM leases are operational.

2-18 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Signal Planning Process

2-48. The following are basic communications checks and

balances that should be performed to ensure a successful mission once
the OPORD is received—
z Verify the location of the field trains and administrative and
logistics/combat trains for coverage of the administrative/logistical net.
z Coordinate signal support as required. Verify frequencies and
COMSEC. Always verify that the TACSAT or additional wireless
network extension assets will be available and briefed if needed.
z Coordinate with the medical officer and verify medical evacuation
frequency and call signs.
z Coordinate location and times that the radio access unit/EPLRS
filling stations are filling subscribers’ terminal devices.
z Define time-sharing and procedures for critical nets, especially
SATCOM-facsimile plan for liaison officers with required
communications and communications electronics operational
instructions (CEOI) to overcome problems with inter/intra service
operations especially during short missions.
z Coordinate common-user nets and power requirements, which
could simplify unnecessary redundancy during deployment.
z Ensure the S-3 has key communications events on the execution
matrix, and net calls are done daily or tied to a specific event in the
planning process.

SIGNAL SITE SELECTION

2-49. The following paragraphs explain how to conduct a signal
site selection for a battalion/company or platoon size element.
2-50. All tactical situations are unique and depend on METT-TC.
In every situation, the company must meet two basic requirements.
First, the survivability of signal assets and personnel is vitally
important to accomplish the company mission. Second, strict security
programs and defense plans must be implemented at all levels of
command.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 2-19

Chapter 2

To accomplish these two requirements, the company must accomplish

the following:
z Site commanders must form a defensive plan and escape routes for
their site.
z The survival of the site depends on readiness. The site commander
must ensure that each Soldier knows his part in the overall defense.
z All independent operations must include a risk assessment to
reduce injury and damage to equipment.

Site Reconnaissance
2-51. The reconnaissance team should consider the following—
z Before occupation, leaders should perform a reconnaissance of the
proposed area. For example, the reconnaissance team should consist of
the company leader, the transmission supervisor (if applicable), node
supervisor (if applicable), and a security team. The reconnaissance
team participant will depend on the type of unit. The reconnaissance
team will have FM communications at all times.
z When conducting a reconnaissance of a signal site, several
considerations need to be made to ensure the selected site will meet all
mission requirements. Key leaders from all sections that will occupy a
site should participate in the reconnaissance.
z The reconnaissance team must ensure that the size of the site is
adequate to accommodate all assemblages and that they can be
tactically dispersed on the site.
z Ensure that the site can be easily secured. Take into consideration
the size, the amount of personnel that will be available at any given
time to defend the site, and the amount of entrances or avenues of
approach leading to the site. Consider how well the site is concealed
from major roads or other vantage points. This may involve traveling
around the entire site from a distance to visualize what the enemy
would see.

2-20 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Signal Planning Process

z Ensure that the site is close enough to the supported elements for
them to connect to the signal assemblages. The farther away the
shelters are from the subscribers, the harder it will be to troubleshoot.

Site Selection
2-52. The reconnaissance team should be considered the following
for site selection—
z The site layout should be made including marking stakes to
indicate where each signal assemblage should be parked. Proposed
assemblage and antenna locations will be recorded in ten digit grids.
Access roads should also be identified.
z A proposed site diagram should be made showing the site layout of
all signal assemblages to include the route of all signal and power
cables, and a plan for the use of a 30-meter mast. Planning cable routes
will ensure sufficient separation between signal and power cables to
prevent signal loss due to power hum on signal cables.
z The access road through the site should be planned and the buried
cable points should be designated. This will allow new signal
assemblages to be added to the site without disrupting communications.
z All designated ground guides and supervisory personnel will be
briefed on the site layout and the designated entry routes into the site.
The ground guides will direct the signal assemblages into their site
positions by the designated routes and will provide organization and
speedy movement onto the site.

Site Layout
2-53. The reconnaissance team should consider the following for
the site layout—
z Separate all signal cables from power cables by at least 10 feet.
The only place this is not possible is at the van signal entry panel. If
signal and power cables must cross, cross them at right angles and
separate with sandbags.
z Site layout plans must give priority of positioning to antennas so
they may have optimum locations.
17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 2-21
Chapter 2

z Pulse code modulation cables cannot pass within 200 feet of a high
frequency station antenna or high frequency station coaxial cable.
z All ultra high frequency (UHF)/super high frequency (SHF)
antennas will be installed high enough to clear terrain to the front, yet
remain concealed by the trees as terrain allows.
z Each antenna will be located at the position that is best for its
particular azimuth. Antennas will be placed at a minimum distance of
twice the antenna height from power lines. Each antenna will be
positioned so that if it falls, it cannot damage another antenna. Tents
will not be placed within antenna fall radius.
z Antennas will be positioned to reduce the possibility of co-site
interference.
z Each vehicle and generator set will have drip pans and chock
blocks placed (front/rear) to prevent motion after positioning.
z Technical limitations of the equipment such as maximum length
and number of cable runs.

SIGNAL SITE SECURITY

2-54. Signal sites must be able to defend themselves against
sabotage, ground forces, and airborne/air assault forces with little or no
outside help. They must also be prepared to survive enemy air,
artillery, and chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear attack.
2-55. There are several different types of signal sites. Some
considerations must be made when planning a site defense, based on
the chosen site. Current threat situational status is an important factor
when planning and committing assets and personnel to defend a site.
Use METT-TC and order priorities accordingly.

Remote Sites
2-56. Remote sites are small teams located in isolated positions,
usually for relay or wireless network extension purposes. They cannot
defeat a large enemy force. Teams should try to remain concealed and
report enemy activity to higher headquarters. The teams conduct risk

2-22 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Signal Planning Process

assessments from the remote sites to determine the probability of

mission success. Leaders must carefully track specific threats and move
teams quickly when in danger.

Collocated Sites
2-57. Usually these teams, such as an extension node, deploy to
support a unit CP. The team members are responsible for a portion of
the perimeter defense. Careful coordination must be done with the
collocating unit. One central authority should be responsible for all
defense matters associated with the site.

Node Sites
2-58. Usually this platoon-sized signal element may or may not
collocate with another unit. Based on the enemy threat level, the signal
site commander must plan a site defense and coordinate with nearby
units for mutual support.

PROFILING RADIO LINKS

2-59. Obtaining LOS between two stations is essential when
forming a multichannel radio link. For most systems, the LOS planning
range is about 40 kilometers (km) (28 miles), due to the earth’s
curvature. LOS analysis may be done by automated means using one of
several different programs such as the System Planning, Engineering
and Evaluation Device (hosted by the Marine Corps) or the Voice of
America Coverage Analysis Program that was released by the US
Department of Commerce. Refer to Figure 2-4 for an example of an
LOS analysis study.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 2-23

Chapter 2

LOS Path Blocked

800

600

400

200
Elevation
5 10 15 20
25
0

Figure 2-4. Sample LOS study

2-60. The materials needed to perform a manual radio LOS

analysis are—
z Grid coordinates of both stations.
z Path profile paper, 4/3-earth radius (if possible).
z Map sheet containing both stations.
z Graphic Training Aid 5-2-12 protractor and coordinate scale.
2-61. Follow the steps below to perform a manual radio LOS
analysis—
z Step 1. On the map sheet, place a dot at each proposed site
location and circle it for ease of finding it later.
z Step 2. Draw a line from point A to point B and determine the
distance between the two. If the distance is greater than 48 km (29.8
miles) and 40 km (24.8 miles) for mobile subscriber equipment (MSE),
the points exceed maximum planning range and the transmissions may
be too weak to receive. A relay may be needed; however, its use is
undesirable and should be used as a last resort so that unnecessary
assets are not tied up in one radio link.

2-24 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Signal Planning Process

z Step 3. Determine the elevation in meters of the originating and

destination stations. Plot them the proper distance apart on the profile
paper. (Remember to add the antenna height.)
z Step 4. Divide the distance between the stations into 1 km (.62
miles) increments.
z Step 5. Determine the highest elevation in meters at 1 km (.62
miles) increments. Plot these on the profile chart.
z Step 6. Connect the points to establish a graphic picture of the
terrain along the path between the two stations.
z Step 7. Draw a straight line between the antenna stations. This line
represents the multi-channel radio transmission path.

Note. If the transmission path does not clear the terrain,

LOS is not possible. Another terminal site or a relay site
should be chosen. Leaders at company, platoon, and
team level should manually profile radio shots as soon
as possible.

ADDITIONAL SIGNAL SUPPORT

EQUIPMENT CHECKS DURING
OPERATIONS
2-62. The following are basic checks and balances that should be
performed once the unit is executing the mission.
2-63. Power, grounding, and power distribution are extremely
important to signal planning. Approximately fifty percent of all
communications outages are attributed to power failures. Key
components to power planning are the selection of a power source, set-
up of power generators, grounding of power sources and electrical
components, and distribution and extension of power.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 2-25

Chapter 2

Note. Power (symbol P) is defined by units called watts

(W). Current (symbol I) is defined by units called an
ampere (amp or A). Voltage or the potential difference
(symbol E) is defined by units called volts.

Power = (Current) x (voltage) or P = IE or P = I

(voltage)

GENERATORS, CIRCUIT BREAKERS, AND POWER SOURCES

2-64. Signal Soldiers are often signed for or responsible for unit
generators. The right generator, circuit breaker, and power source will
ensure signal equipment functions properly. Before a power source is
selected, separate signal equipment from air conditioners, refrigerators,
microwaves, heaters, coffee pots, etc. Air conditioners have
compressors, and for most models, the compressor only engages
periodically. Each time the compressor engages, the power draw
increases, creating fluctuation in the current available. Current
fluctuations cause electronic devices to react abnormally and failure is
more likely to occur.
2-65. Circuit breakers need to be rated for the circuit
requirements. For example, a 20 amp circuit breaker on a 110 volt
circuit provides P = (110) (20) W = 2200 W or 2.2 kilowatts (Kw).
2-66. Generators must be set up properly and be matched to the
task. Generators normally operate with one, two, or three phases, and
should be loaded to 80 percent of capacity when possible. Loads
should be distributed to all phases of the generator.
2-67. Phases of the generator divide the available power rating by
the number of phases. For example, a single-phase 10 Kw generator
provides P = IV, 10 Kw = (110) (I) or I = 10 Kw/110 volts = 90 amps.
A three phase 15 Kw generator provides 5 Kw on each circuit or 5
Kw/110 volts = 45amps. Therefore, if a 50-amp circuit is required, a
single-phase 10 Kw generator is better than a three phase 15 Kw

2-26 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Signal Planning Process

generator. Bigger is not always better when taking all of these factors
into consideration.
2-68. Power generators require level ground and proper
grounding. Power sources are especially susceptible to faults when
electrical grounds do not meet to standards. Generators typically have
9-foot copper ground rods with copper grounding cables that should be
used at all times. Ensure they are checked (less than 25 ohms of
resistance) after installation. Use ground test meters every time to
ensure proper ground before operation. Use salt and water, add ground
rods and link them together with copper cable until the requirement is
met; less resistance is better. Never ground a power source together
with a signal entry panel or any signal equipment. Power sources and
power feeders should always remain separate.
2-69. Power generators play an important role for signal leaders.
The following steps are equally important, whether using commercial
or tactical generators. Ensure the following steps are being preformed
to keep generators working properly during operations—
z Paralleling generators and using switch boxes can be essential to a
power plan for communications equipment. Generators must be cabled
properly, and the switch box must be rated to perform the job. Even in
the best situation, a power spike or failure may occur if the system is
not set up right.
z Ensure power generators are in good working order and track
hours operated by using the hour meter or by keeping a logbook, and
perform preventative checks and services before, during, and after
operations.
z Use clean, uncontaminated fuel.
z Replace air and oil filters regularly and more often in austere
environments. Most generators must be off line to change filters. Sandy
environments can cause air filters to clog quicker than normal so
replace or clean them more often when necessary.
z Generators must be kept as cool as possible. Sun loading (sun
shining directly on a generator) can cause overheating. Shading a
generator with sunshades or camouflage can keep the temperature

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 2-27

Chapter 2

within the normal operating range even if the ambient temperature is

high.
z During operations, it is important to watch the loading of
generators. Usage can also cause the load to become unbalanced.
z Ensure all Soldiers know how to use a multimeter on all assigned
equipment. They are essential for signal equipment and can make the
difference between a piece of equipment staying in good condition or
always having to be repaired. Another useful tool is a plug-in polarity
checker (which can be found at most electrical shops). The polarity
checker has light emitting diode readouts that provide information
about the source of power.
z Ensure that all operators are proficient in cutover emergency
procedures.
2-70. It is important for signal leaders to know what power is
available at all plug-in points being used. Most equipment comes with
a power cord and the cord is rated to provide the needed electricity to
the electronic components from the origination source.
2-71. If the length of the provided power cable is being extended
by using extension cords or other cables, measure the power available
at the source of the last plug, or calculate the power loss for the cable
and ensure the original source can provide what is needed over the
distance of the extension. The gauge of the cable or the loss rating will
need to be known.
2-72. An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) at the end of an
extension cord cannot recharge if it is not provided enough power. If
the UPS is getting just enough power to provide power to the
components it services, when back-up power is needed the UPS will
fail. Soldiers must measure the power into the UPS and ensure it has
the capacity to provide failsafe power to the components it is
responsible for protecting. In the wrong configuration, the UPS may
inhibit the components from working properly by taking power from
the source. Even a fully charged UPS may steal power from the circuit
over time.

2-28 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Chapter 3

3-13. The G-3 executes control through the OPORD process, and
the G-6 executes control through the TSO process. For current
operations, the G-6 executes network reconfigurations based on the
TSO process and as specified by the commander in the OPORD. These
changes include frequency modification, router configurations, or
equipment settings. When reconfiguration involves the movement of
personnel and equipment within the current operation, the G-6
coordinates the adjustment with the G-3, and the appropriate FRAGO
is issued by the G-3 in support of the reconfiguration.
3-14. The TSO carries the same weight as an appropriate FRAGO
for the configuration of the network. This process flows from the
CCDR J-6 through the JTF operational chain of command structure to
facilitate the establishment and health of the enterprise network and
theater network.

MILITARY DECISIONMAKING PROCESS

3-15. The G-6/S-6 officer participates in the MDMP and identifies
the correct placement of network equipment and personnel on the
battlefield in support of the mission. The information is then vetted,
through COA development, and published in the unit OPORD and
requisite signal annex. (Refer to Chapter 2 for a more in-depth
explanation of the role the signal planner plays in the MDMP process.)
17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 3-5
Chapter 3

NETWORK OPERATIONS
3-16. NETOPS is the operational construct consisting of the
essential tasks, SA, and C2 that the Commander, United States Army
Strategic Command will use to operate and defend the GIG. The Army
uses the NETOPS construct to operate, manage, and defend its portion
of the GIG, the LWN. NETOPS provides units the ability to harness
the power of the LWN and bring this power to the battlefield where it
is needed most, thus increasing the lethality of Army tactical units.
3-17. The objective of NETOPS is to enable Army signal
commanders and G-6/S-6s to provide communications system
operations support to users conducting the Army’s operational mission.
NETOPS enables the allocation of network, information system,
security, and information dissemination resources that directly support
operational forces. NETOPS provides users with end-to-end
connection and visibility of strategic, operational, and theater and
tactical network management, IA, and information dissemination
management resources.

Note. FM 3-0, Chapter 7 covers information superiority

consisting of: intelligence, surveillance and
reconnaissance, information operations, knowledge
management, and information management. Information
protection is an Army information task that contributes
to information superiority and usually falls directly
under the responsibility of the G-6/S-6.

INFORMATION PROTECTION
3-18. Information protection is a key component of information
superiority and is the active or passive measures to protect and defend
friendly information and information systems to ensure friendly access
to timely, accurate, and relevant information while denying adversaries
the opportunity to exploit friendly information and information systems
for their own purposes. Information protection comprises IA, CND,
and electronic protect capabilities (FM 3-0).

3-6 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

The Network

INFORMATION ASSURANCE
3-19. IA provides for the restoration of information systems by
incorporating protection, detection, and reaction capabilities and
consists of measures that protect and defend information and
information systems by ensuring their availability, integrity,
authentication, confidentiality, and non-repudiation—
z Availability is the timely and reliable access to data and services
by authorized users.
z Integrity is the protection from unauthorized change, including
destruction.
z Authentication is the certainty of user or receiver identification and
authorization to receive specific categories of information.
z Confidentiality is the protection from unauthorized disclosure.
z Non-repudiation is proof of message receipt and sender
identification, so neither can deny having processed the data.

COMPUTER NETWORK DEFENSE

3-41. Area processing centers are Army enterprise infostructure

centers located on DOD facilities at which functional and common
services applications are run, associated information is stored and
replicated, and that information is consistently NETOPS managed.
Area processing centers interface to Army installation networks
through an Army network-level secure Virtual Private Network service
provisioned within the DOD GIG terminated at an Army Enterprise-
managed LWN point of presence and to Army deployed forces through
Warfighter Information Network-Tactical (WIN-T) Increment 1 hub
nodes, DOD standard tactical entry points, and DOD teleports.
3-42. Area processing centers are operated, managed, and
defended by NETCOM/9th Signal Command (Army) [SC(A)], while
still permitting warfighter and functional application owners to
securely and remotely manage their processing assets and data within
the centers.
3-43. The network enables leaders of the joint and expeditionary
force to C2 maneuver formations while sustaining the force with
minimal forward presence. The network reaches every entity, to
include the individual Soldier, and allows leaders to achieve broad
political-military objectives across the full spectrum of operations.
3-44. To achieve these capabilities, the Army is currently fielding
the WIN-T Increment 1, an interim network transport solution as part
of the WIN-T program. The interim capabilities include a SATCOM
based network infrastructure that enables commanders to C2 Army,
joint, and multinational forces. The future Joint Tactical Radio System
will extend the network battalion and below.
3-45. The components of Joint Tactical Radio System include
airborne, maritime, fixed station, ground mobile radio, and handheld,
man-pack and small form fit. The Joint Tactical Radio System is a
software-based networking radio that will deliver networks to the
mounted, dismounted, and un-mounted joint force. Pre-engineering
design model ground mobile radios are currently available in the
Experimental BCT Future Combat System.

3-12 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

4-4 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Theater Operations

4-8. Headquarters, NETCOM/9th SC(A) is comprised of a standard

general officer level staff (G-1 through assistant chief of staff, logistics
(G-4) and assistant chief of staff, resource management (G-8) located
at Fort Huachuca, Arizona, and an liaison officer (LNO) staff and
leadership presence in the National Capital Region working directly
with Army CIO/G-6 and other DOD service staffs (refer to Figure 4-1).
The headquarters can deploy C2 or technical elements and sub-
elements to a theater of operations to support CCDR requirements
directly or to augment subordinate units.

Figure 4-1. NETCOM/9th SC(A) Organization

4-9. NETCOM/9TH SC(A) is the single Army authority to operate,

control, and defend the Army’s infostructure at the enterprise level. It
is a global enterprise framework including theater signal commands,
17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 4-5
Chapter 4

brigades, NETOPS and security centers and regional chief information

officers (RCIOs), with the senior Theater-level signal commander
serving as the ASCC G-6. It has the authority to implement and enforce
enterprise policy and provides authoritative direction concerning the
techniques, procedures, standards, configurations, designs, devices and
systems to accomplish specific functional tasks and missions. It
exercises authoritative enterprise NETOPS technical direction over all
organizations that operate, connect to or maintain the LWN Army’s
portion of the GIG. NETCOM/9th SC(A), in supporting the CIO/G-6
and serving as a global and theater force provider has the responsibility
to—
z Assign operational tasks affecting theater LWN.
z Designate network related objectives to support combatant
command requirements.
z Resource operational requirements.
z Provide staff actions in direct support of mobilization
requirements.
z Provide deployment or deployment sustainment operations.
z Provide integration oversight for the Active Army and Army
Reserve (USAR).
z Provide oversight of training and exercises.
z Provide support to the Homeland Security Operations Center and
reachback operations.
4-10. NETCOM also performs the following tasks and functions:
z Executes oversight for centralized configuration and compliance
for theater LWN. This requires monitoring and oversight of
configuration changes of Army tactical and strategic voice and data
infrastructures to ensure interoperability with joint directives.
z Manages the Army Military Affiliate Radio System program.
z Provides engineering support to the ASCC G-6 or signal command
as required or when requested.

4-6 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Theater Operations

z Engineers, installs, operate, and maintain data networks in support

intelligence information and products, and evaluating intelligence

products as they relate to the LWN and the GIG.

Chapter 4

System (DCS) facilities and systems, as required by DISA. The

following identify the two different facility classifications:
z Circuit (V) 1: technical control with 100 to 1000 circuits.
z Circuit (V) 2: technical control with 1000 + circuits.
4-44. Microwave Teams. Provide installation, operation, and
maintenance of microwave communications for a geographic area.
4-45. Cable Install/Splice Teams. Provide permanent and
emergency splicing of copper and fiber optic cable systems, as well as
installation and maintenance of base support cable and wire systems
within a geographic area.

Network Maintenance Services

4-46. COMSEC Log Support Team. Provides COMSEC
custodian functions, COMSEC equipment maintenance, and COMSEC
logistics functions to a geographic region.
4-47. Antenna Maintenance Team. Supervises the emergency
and scheduled maintenance services and quality assurance inspections
for antenna and antenna support structure of the Army and other
government agencies.
4-48. Long-Haul Maintenance Team. Provides electronic
equipment maintenance of communication systems, i.e. microwave.
The team performs engineering quality control and continuity testing of
microwave circuits, trunks, systems, and facilities.

Network C2
4-49. EAM Systems. Provide emergency and contingency
communications to a region along the entire spectrum of conflict.
4-50. ASCC/CCDR Communication Team. Provides
communications support in the form of secure frequency modulation
radio, UHF TACSAT, record telecommunications message support,
and COMSEC equipment maintenance to combatant and/or Army
service component commanders.

4-18 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Theater Operations

4-51. Communications Management Support Team (CMST).

Provides deployable communications support directly to Secret Service
agents engaged in protective missions for presidential candidates,
visiting dignitaries, and other special events, as directed.
4-52. Office of the G-6. Provides plans, operations, staff
oversight, and coordination for information and communication
systems support to Army, Joint, and Combined Headquarters.
4-53. MILGROUP COLUMBIA. Provides supported
commander communications assistance in the form of single channel
TACSAT, high frequency (HF) radio, secure frequency modulation
radio, non-tactical single channel radio, automated information and
COMSEC installation, operation, and maintenance (IOM). It also
provides signal advice, expertise, and training to non-signal personnel
in supported units.
4-54. JTF BRAVO Honduras. Provides staff oversight,
planning, coordination, management, and command of
telecommunications system and information systems support functions
support to combat and non-combat Army, Joint, and Combined
Headquarters.

SECTION III – SIGNAL OPERATIONS

ORGANIZATIONS FOR THE MODULAR

FORCE
4-55. In theater, the numbered Army is organized and equipped
primarily as the ASCC for a geographical combatant command. To
support command, control, telecommunications, and network
requirements, the ASCC commander calls on several modular,
multifunctional, scalable units that provide communications network
support across theater echelons and spectrum of conflict.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 4-19

Chapter 4

ARMY SERVICE COMPONENT COMMAND G-6

4-56. Theater LWN greatly depends on many factors starting with
the ASCC G-6. The ASCC G-6 is responsible for all LWN operations
within a specified geographical region. The theater G-6 provides LWN
support to the geographical combatant command, to Army units
operating in the theater in support of the geographical combatant
command, and to other services and joint elements as directed by the
geographical combatant command and theater army commanders.
4-57. The ASCC G-6 serves as the theater senior signal officer
providing network oversight of theater LWN and joint systems under
its control. Additionally, the ASCC G-6 develops theater LWN
requirements and manages the activities and resources needed to
install, employ, and protect all operational and strategic networks
supporting the ASCC and its subordinate forces. The ASCC G-6 will
also ensure proper integration and protection of all tactical networks
employed by maneuver and tactical forces at the corps/division and
BCT levels to ensure those tactical commanders have the quality of
service they need to prosecute the fight. Some duties of the ASCC G-6
are to—
z Provide and maintain NETOPS SA of the theater LWN
environment and network asset availability.
z Maintain network status and provide oversight of NETOPS,
changes, threats, and emerging requirements of the theater LWN.
z Provide internal IT support to ASCC headquarters.
z Execute and manage theater EMS management functions.
z Coordinate with host-nation communications authorities.
z Provide oversight of the theater CND posture.
z Oversee theater COMSEC operations to include storage,
management, distribution, inspection, and compliance.
z Provide input to the TNCC and JNCC as required.
z Provide theater battlefield EMS management to include allotment,
assignment, and control of radio and SATCOM frequencies for units

4-20 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Theater Operations

assigned, attached, or OPCON to the ASCC and spectrum issues

affecting joint, coalition, and host-nation agency requirements.
z Execute CIO functions for the theater and oversees theater
enterprise programs, projects, and initiatives IAW Clinger-Cohen Act
and Army regulation (AR) 25-1.
z Coordinate LWN IA activities with IO Cell, TNOSC, and RCERT
and recommend theater information operations condition postures IAW
G-2/G-3/IO.
z Act as JTF J-6 or JFLCC J-6/ARFOR G-6 as required.

JOINT COMMAND J-6 OFFICER

4-58. The J-6 officer serves on the combatant command staff as
the communications director, and he may have dual responsibilities as
the SC(T) commander. The J-6 officer assumes the role of the CCDR
network manager with the establishment of a joint NETOPS control
center that manages and controls all communications systems and
networks deployed during joint operations and exercises. The joint
NETOPS control center is the single control agency for the
management and operational direction of all joint communications
elements in the theater of operations. The NETOPS responsibilities of
the J-6 officer are to —
z Formulate policy and guidance for all communications assets
supporting the joint forces commander.
z Develop communications and information architectures and plans
to support the mission of the CCDR.
z Develop policy and guidance for integrating and installing
operational networks.
z Provide C2 of the joint information systems infrastructure.
z Exercise staff supervision and OPCON of the theater assets
provided by DISA, other services, and other DOD agencies.
z Perform network management activities, functions, and tasks
required to manage effectively and efficiently the joint information
systems infrastructure and multinational networks supporting the
CCDR mission.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 4-21

Chapter 4

z Provide oversight of the theater NETOPS control center in the

management and control of the CCDR’s communications assets in
theater.
z Adhere to COMSEC principles with the establishment of effective
IA program initiatives.

J-6 and Communications Information Systems

4-59. Within the joint force operational headquarters, the J-6
communications information systems staff provides adequate support
for joint operations and uses interoperable communications information
systems procedures at all levels in the joint force. Where appropriate,
the J-6 staff forms a Joint Information Communications Control
Center, and its functions are to—
z Support the joint forces commander and the C2 facilities.
z Exercise supervision over communications and information
activities, including EMSO and information security of subordinate
commands and force components.
z Provide connectivity with the regional North Atlantic Treaty
Organization and host nation’s communications system, commercial
communications, and adjacent commands.

Note. Most theater level signal assets are scheduled for

reorganization. It is not uncommon for the senior signal
organization in a theater to be a signal brigade as
opposed to a SC(T). These brigade commanders will
hold the same responsibilities as a SC(T) commander.

SIGNAL COMMAND (THEATER)

4-60. The SC(T) is the highest level, deployable organization in
charge of theater LWN. It is a major subordinate command of
NETCOM and operates OPCON of a supported ASCC. The SC(T) is
organized, equipped, and manned to plan, engineer, integrate, manage,
4-22 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009
Theater Operations

and defend the Army’s portion of the GIG with the mission of
operating as the primary network provider for theater LWN. It
exercises C2 over strategic and tactical organizations, the TNOSC,
visual information (VI) resources, wire and cable and commercial
infrastructures, and theater CE maintenance. Total force composition
under the C2 of the SC(T) depends on METT-TC (Figure 4-3) and the
CCDRs’ requirements.
4-61. A SC(T) or senior theater signal brigade provides signal
support to the ASCC including MCO missions. The SC(T) C2s
multiple theater signal brigades and joint and coalition information
signal support elements. A signal brigade rather than a full SC(T)
usually provides support to ASCC missions that do not involve MCOs.
4-62. The SC(T) HQs is a standard Table of Organization and
Equipment design. To meet regional or theater-unique METT-TC-
based requirements and combatant command’s daily operational
requirements, it may be necessary to provide an augmentation table of
distribution and allowances and a modified table of organization and
equipment exception authorization document to tailor the SC(T) to
meet selected fixed infrastructure mission requirements.
4-63. The commander of the theater’s senior signal organization
SC(T) or signal brigade (tactical) serves as the theater G-6. While the
SC(T) commander receives mission orders from the ASCC
commander, the SC(T) also performs network management through
technical channels via HQ NETCOM, the applicable Geographical
Combatant Command J-6, and the United States Strategic
Command/JTF-GNO for service and global enterprise management,
technical compliance, and network defense.
4-64. The SC(T) depends on other organizations for large-scale
communication infrastructure architecture engineering support; theater
facility engineering support; health services; human resource, finance,
and administrative services; troop transportation support; and legal
services. The SC(T) depends on the ASCC for theater COMSEC and
EMS management.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 4-23

Chapter 4

Figure 4-3. SC(T) subordinate elements

4-24 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Theater Operations

4-65. The SC(T)’s mission is also to—

z Provide C2 and supervision for units assigned, attached, and
OPCON to the SC(T).
z Provide a staff component for various operational commands
including JTF J-6, JFLCC J-6, ARFOR G-6, and corps/division G-6.
z Support early entry mission requirements.
z Provide operational management of signal assets responsible for
install, operate, maintain and defend (IOM-D) theater LWN to include
centralized management of voice, data, messaging, and VTC
capabilities.
z Provide IA management supporting information protection for
theater LWN systems.
z Develop policies and procedures for IA support in order to protect,
detect, and react to the ACERT strategies as directed by the ASCC G-
6.
z When tasked, establish the JNCC with augmentation from other
services or provide the Army’s portion to the JNCC, once established.
z Provide oversight to the TNOSC.
z Plan, engineer, and manage signal support systems installed by the
SC(T) and network interfaces to existing systems installed by joint,
combined, and allied units.
z Plan, engineer, and manage requirements for special-purpose
communications/information systems.
z Provide planning and staff management of the GMFs/TACSAT
Theater SATCOM Monitoring Center and Army GMFs in the theater
of operations.
z Work closely with the DISA and ASCC G-6 concerning DISN
matters to include coordinating with host-nation communications
organizations for planning and using commercial and host-nation assets
within theater.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 4-25

Chapter 4

z Provide planning, staff supervision, and coordination of SC(T)

logistics, public affairs, and command information programs, inspector
general matters, comptroller services concerning programming,
budgeting, and controlling funds, and to facilitate engineering support.
z Provide coordination of operations and planning and to evaluate
and prepare reports of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear
activities throughout the SC(T) affecting signal assets.
z Provide theater VI units supporting the ASCC.
z Provide software management for units assigned, attached, or
OPCON to the SC(T), to include managing all applications and
proprietary software, managing all noncombatant service support
software, and advising the ASCC G-6 staff on software and application
matters pertaining to NETOPS.
4-66. The SC(T) can expect to deploy any part or the entire
organization to meet METT-TC requirements. It will operate in a
manner to support LWN requirements in theater, whether as a forward
element, operating in sanctuary, or from a power projection platform. It
must be able to direct the execution of sustaining base, strategic, and
tactical information and communication systems supporting Army,
joint, and coalition operations during all phases. Ideally, the SC(T)
center of mass will locate where the commander can best exercise C2
over signal assets, influence theater network schemes and architectures,
and overall best meet network requirements supporting the ASCC
commander or JFC.

5th SC(T)
4-67. This command is OPCON to USAREUR and Seventh
Army. The commanding general also serves as the Deputy Chief of
Staff, G-6 (CIO) for USAREUR and Seventh Army. The 5th SC(T)
mission is to provide a combat-ready, forward-deployed signal force
providing responsive theater tactical, strategic, and installation signal
support to NATO and US Soldiers in the USEUCOM across the
spectrum of operations. The 5th SC(T) is also capable of meeting
requirements to support worldwide contingencies in response to the

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Theater Operations

joint staff, HQDA, and NETCOM directives to install, operate, and

restore theater tactical communications across the spectrum of conflict.

7th SC(T)
4-68. The 7th SC(T) is OPCON to FORSCOM and, when fully
operational, will consist of two regionally based signal brigades: the
93rd Signal Brigade providing signal support to CONUS West and the
106th Signal Brigade providing signal support to CONUS East. This
will be the single command responsible for the operation and defense
of the CONUS LWN. The 21st Signal Brigade and the CONUS
Theater Network Operations and Security Center will also be assigned
to the 7th SC(T). Figure 4-4 shows the organization of the 7th SC(T).
The commanding general of the 7th SC(T) also serves as the
FORSCOM G-6.

Figure 4-4. 7TH SC(T) organization

4-69. The 7th SC(T) exercises technical and tactical control over
all Army NETOPS service providers in the CONUS theater. The

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 4-27

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command will provide access to network services, data and

applications that allow units to rehearse as they fight, seamlessly train
and deploy enabling the units to maintain their operational tempo
through all operational phases
4-70. Currently, the Directorates of Information Management
(DOIMs), within their regionally aligned areas, supports expeditionary
units as they deploy, redeploy, and retrain using the ARFORGEN
model. There are currently approximately 137 installation DOIMs. The
7th SC(T) will assume this responsibility and create a unified, standard
method of providing this support.

311th SC(T)
4-71. The 311th is the designated SC(T) for the USARPAC. The
th
311 SC(T) is a United States Army Reserve Command (USARC)
flagged multi-component organization that is under the OPCON of
USARPAC. The 311th SC(T) receives ADCON support from both
NETCOM/9th SC(A) and the USARC. The commander of the 311th
SC(T) is multimissioned as the Deputy Chief of Staff, G-6 of
USARPAC, the RCIO for installation management control Pacific
Region, and the J-6 of the JTF-Homeland Defense.

335th SC(T)
4-72. This command is a multi-component SC(T) (USAR flagged)
with the mission to manage telecommunications infrastructure for
SWA (South Asia, Middle East, North Africa) in support of the United
States Army, Central Command (USARCENT)/3rd Army for US
Central Command during peacetime and contingency operations. In
peacetime, the USARC commands the unit. In wartime, the unit is
under the command of the NETCOM and under the OPCON of
CENTCOM. The commander of the 335th serves as the ARFOR G-6 or
JTF J-6 of the supported force.

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Theater Operations

THEATER TACTICAL SIGNAL BRIGADE

4-73. Tactical brigades and battalions extend information network
services to the deployed Army HQ and other deployed subordinate
organizations allocated to the Army’s AO. Tactical units are not
organic to a signal command, but are allocated based on mission
requirements. Network assets are apportioned to supported units
according to METT-TC and the supported unit’s specific
communications and network requirements.
4-74. The mission of the theater tactical signal brigade (TTSB) is
to C2 up to five tactical battalions and any other assigned or attached
forces necessary to meet the network support missions in the theater of
operations. The TTSB is equipped, manned, and organized to provide
C2 functions and staff assistance to the subordinate units, staff
supervision, personnel actions and administration, and logistics actions.
TTSBs are forces assigned to NETCOM and OPCON to specific
supported CCDRs, service component commanders, or JTF
commanders. TTSB contains the normal headquarters and staff
elements found in other tactical formations (Figure 4-5). The TTSB—
z Conducts systems planning, transport, and infrastructure
engineering.
z Develops architecture, design, and integration studies.
z Determines technical circuit characteristics.
z Develops plans for establishing communications systems.
z Provides field support and sustainment support to operational
missions in the form of ESBs.
z Can provide a span of control for echelons above corps (EAC)
signal support to JOA.
z Provides passive and value-added services to Army Forces within
the JOA, including common user services and continuity of operations
facilities.

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Chapter 4

Figure 4-5. Theater tactical signal brigade

Headquarters Company, TTSB
4-75. The S-1 is responsible for all human resources and
administrative functions in the brigade, to include advising the
commander on all human resource related issues and providing legal
advice and assistance, supported by personnel of the Judge Advocate
General Corps.
4-76. The logistics staff officer (S-4) provides oversight for all
and logistics plans and functions for the brigade. This section also
advises the brigade commander on all matters pertaining to logistics,
transportation, deployment, and maintenance.
4-77. The communications operations section for the brigade (S-3)
conducts detailed systems integration and network planning functions
for the brigade. This section is also responsible for—
z Determining equipment suitability and adaptability with existing
communications systems.
z Ascertaining the types of installations and employment required to
provide quality transmission over installed circuits and systems.
4-30 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009
Theater Operations

z Handling frequency requests and associated records for the brigade

units.
z Establishing the brigade communications systems control element
(CSCE) responsible for keeping network situational understanding and
status of current and future needs for rerouting or reconstituting circuits
and facilities throughout the communications system.
z Providing effective operational management and responsive
systems control.
z Taking appropriate actions to optimize the deployed network
performance in response to constantly changing network
configurations.
z Establishing and maintaining required databases necessary to assist
in near real-time control of communications systems and to assist the
signal plans and intelligence section in systems planning and
engineering.

Note. The majority of the following signal brigades will

become a theater’s senior signal organization to perform
more effectively and efficiently the Service Title 10
functions that support the transformed campaign–
quality operating force with joint and expeditionary
capabilities.

1st Signal Brigade

4-78. This brigade provides OPCON support to United States
Forces, Korea (USFK) and 8th US Army in the Korean theater of
operations. The 1st Signal Brigade commander serves a dual role as the
8th Army G-6 with an augmenting staff provided by the 311th SC(T).
The 1st Signal Brigade is unique in that it has both tactical and strategic
battalions assigned which provide a combat-ready, forward-deployed
LWN capability for responsive theater tactical, strategic, and
installation signal support to CCDRs, the United Nations Command,
Combined Forces Command, USFK, and warfighters in the 8th Army
area across the spectrum of operations. During wartime, the 1st Signal
17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 4-31
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Brigade comes under the OPCON of the 311th SC(T) for the
USPACOM or 8th Army AO.

7th Signal Brigade

4-79. This brigade provides OPCON support to USAREUR. It
maintains a combat-ready, forward-deployed signal force to deploy,
install, operate, and maintain seamless theater tactical information
system support to US and NATO warfighters in the
USAREUR/USEUCOM AOR.

11th Signal Brigade

4-80. This brigade is a CONUS based unit that is regionally
focused to provide theater level and special tactical requirements to
support USCENTCOM, USARCENT, and USPACOM, as required.
The 11th Signal Brigade also provides support to worldwide
contingencies in response to the joint staff, HQDA, and NETCOM
mission directives to install, operate, maintain, and restore LWN
systems across any spectrum of conflict to include support to the BCT
level, as necessary. The 11th Signal Brigade provides a forward
stationing presence using the 54th Signal Battalion in order to meet
daily signal and DOIM support in the USCENTCOM AOR.

35th Signal Brigade

4-81. This brigade is a CONUS based unit that is regionally
focused to provide theater level and special tactical requirements to
support United States Army South (USARSO). The 35th Signal Brigade
commander serves a dual role as the USARSO/G-6. The 35th Signal
Brigade can also support worldwide contingencies in response to the
joint staff, HQDA, and NETCOM directives to install, operate, and
restore theater tactical communications across the spectrum of conflict.

228th Signal Brigade and the 261st Signal Brigade

4-82. These brigades are ARNG tactical brigades under the
command of the ARNG during peacetime. Their mission focus is
4-32 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009
Theater Operations

homeland defense and CONUS contingency requirements. In wartime,

the units are under the command of NETCOM and are assigned IAW
applicable operation plans.

359th Signal Brigade

4-83. This brigade is an USAR TTSB under the command of the
USARC and the 335th SC(T). In wartime, the unit is commanded by
NETCOM and is assigned IAW applicable operation plans.

THEATER SIGNAL MAINTENANCE COMPANY

4-84. The theater signal maintenance company (TSMC) is a one of
kind unit that, with its current structure, supports the TTSB as an
initial-entry deployer, providing immediate readiness of all ground
support equipment to facilitate the critical theater signal mission. It also
provides rapid deployable and dedicated general support and limited
depot signal support for a theater of operations for the TTSB.
4-85. The 556th TSMC is assigned to the 11th Signal Brigade and
the current structure includes a HQ platoon and three maintenance
platoons. When deployed, the TSMC supports MCO by using a
dedicated platoon as required (usually one platoon per MCO) to
support TTSBs.
4-86. The TSMC’s mission is to provide dedicated sustainment
maintenance and class IX supply support to a theater of operations for
TRI-TAC, MSE, computers, and conventional CE end items and
components.
4-87. The TSMC provides a maintenance control section for
theater unique and common signal assemblages. It also provides a
dedicated authorized stockage list and prescribed load list elements for
common and exclusive theater signal systems that are not necessarily
demand supported but require intense control and management for the
gaining brigade. The following are its repair and support capabilities:
z Modules, circuit boards/cards for high demand, high usage, and
low-density theater signal assemblages.

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z Automated data processing equipment (including teletype, Tactical

Army Combat Service Support Computer System, and associated
peripherals).
z HF communications equipment.
z Microwave equipment (including multichannel, TACSAT, and
Tropospheric Scatter [TROPO]).
z Fabricates both copper and fiber optic cables for unique
applications.
z Communications security equipment (including a specialized
support activity for selected controlled cryptographic items).
z Ground support equipment (including power generation units with
outputs up to 200 Kw, environmental control units, forced air heaters,
power-driven decontamination equipment, and gasoline engines).

EXPEDITIONARY SIGNAL BATTALION

4-88. Over the course of the past several years and with the onset
of the global war on terror, theater signal has undergone significant
change to meet the information demands of CCDRs and joint forces. In
step with the Army transition and modularity the integrated theater
signal battalion (ITSB) was developed. These signal assets reside at the
Army echelon as a “force pool” and can deploy across the entire
spectrum of conflict in any segment of a theater, while supporting a
larger and more diverse customer base. Few signal battalions converted
to the ITSB design and provided the theater a modular, multi-capable,
deployable unit that met the information and network requirements
needed at most levels. Later it was found that the MSE switching and
LOS systems employed by the ITSB structure could not provide the
data bandwidth requirements of supported units at all echelons.
4-89. With the introduction of the next generation switch and data
systems, it was found that signal battalions could be structured in a way
that better enabled employment of network assets to support the
increased number of medium and small command posts. These
augmentations spurred the concept of an enhanced version of the ITSB

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Theater Operations

that transformed into a modular expeditionary-capable signal formation

known today as the ESB.

Note. The ESB is formally known as an integrated

theater signal battalion–joint network node (ITSB-J).
With the accelerated fielding to equip signal battalions
with JNN, the approved naming convention of “ESB”
was established.

4-90. While primarily a theater level asset, the ESB may be

employed to support a corps/division, BCT, or service component, or
coalition headquarters based on METT-TC. Although the ESB is
typically assigned to a TTSB, it may be assigned or attached to other
higher-level organizations as well, or may operate as part of a separate
network package supporting specific missions such as Homeland
Defense.
4-91. The ESB design simplifies the overall C2 of signal assets.
As a modular element, it eliminates the need to task organize from
multiple organizations to form a single communications support
package, thereby enhancing unit cohesion and deployment planning,
supporting “train-as-you-fight” and ensuring faster training for signal
leaders in a systems-centric environment. The ESB also simplifies
network-training requirements by facilitating end-to-end systems level
training versus training in single function environments. Each battalion
has the capability to link back to the sustaining base, as well as provide
other C2 linkages to intra-theater nodes as needed.
4-92. The introduction of next generation switch/data systems and
the reduction in the number of large switches has allowed the ESB to
be structured in a way that better enables employment of network
assets to support the increased number of medium and small command
posts. This flexible structure improves the ESB’s ability to respond
quickly to support missions with precisely sized capabilities down to
the team level that minimize the deployed signal footprint. The total
support capability of the ESB has grown from 15 to 30 command posts.

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Chapter 4

4-93. The ESB design, as depicted in Figure 4-6, provides a

multifunctional structure that—
z Supports theater elements operating in both theater and
corps/division areas.
z Leverages current equipment for immediate standup while
providing a modernization path to incorporate JNTC-S or WIN-T
systems as resources become available.
z Applies to all Active and Reserve components.
z Is designed for the MCO fight and is capable of executing
missions across full spectrum operations.

ESB Structure and Functions

4-94. The ESB consists of a battalion headquarters and
headquarters company (HHC), two identical expeditionary signal
companies, and a joint/area signal company.
4-95. Battalion Headquarters. The ESB HQ staff performs C2,
administrative logistics, and force protection functions to support the
commander in executing the battalion’s mission. The battalion
headquarters requires 100 percent mobility (the ability to transport all
organic personnel and equipment in a single lift).

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Theater Operations

Figure 4-6. The ESB structure

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 4-37

Chapter 4

4-96. Headquarters Company. The battalion headquarters

company provides personnel and facilities for C2 and coordination of
the company mission. Personnel and equipment are provided for
coordination and oversight of company administration, supply, force
protection, and field-level maintenance of wheeled vehicles, power
generation equipment, CE equipment, and small arms. The company
headquarters provides food service in a field environment. The
company requires 100 percent mobility (the ability to transport all
organic personnel and equipment in a single lift).

Expeditionary Signal Company

4-97. The expeditionary signal company is designed to provide
network services to small and medium command posts. The company
consists of a company headquarters and two identical Expeditionary
Signal Platoons (ESPs).
4-98. Company HQ. The company headquarters provides
personnel and facilities for C2 and coordination of the company
mission. Personnel and equipment are provided for coordination and
oversight of company operations, administration, supply, and force
protection functions. Soldiers are provided to conduct field-level
maintenance of wheeled vehicles, power generation equipment, CE
equipment, environmental control equipment, and small arms. The
company headquarters provides food service in a field environment.
4-99. ESP. Each ESP consists of a JNN Team, two LOS V3
Teams, five CPN Teams, five LOS V1 Teams, a TACSAT Terminal
Team, and a Cable Team. Typical platoon missions include the
installation, operation, and maintenance of communication systems in
support of battalion and brigade-level command posts. The platoon
may be tasked to dispatch individual teams to separate support
missions or to be combined with other teams, platoons, or companies to
meet specific mission requirements at any echelon. Normally the LOS
V1 teams will only be employed with a CPN.

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Theater Operations

Joint/Area Signal Company

4-100. The joint/area signal company is designed to provide
network services to medium and large command posts and command
post clusters. The company consists of a company headquarters and
two identical Heavy Signal Platoons.
4-101. Company HQ. The company headquarters provides
personnel and facilities for C2 and coordination of the company
mission. Personnel and equipment are provided for coordination and
oversight of company administration, supply, force protection, and
field-level maintenance of wheeled vehicles, power generation
equipment, CE equipment, environmental control equipment, and small
arms. The company headquarters provides food service in a field
environment. The TMS Section is in the company headquarters.
4-102. Heavy Signal Platoon. The Heavy Signal Platoon consists
of a Switch Section, two LOS V3 Teams, two CPN Teams, two LOS
V1 Teams, two Light TROPO Terminal Teams, two TACSAT Hub
Teams, and a Cable Section with two cable teams. With its larger
switches and heavier BLOS transmission capabilities, the platoon is
suited to support large command posts, command post clusters, or
support bases. The platoon can also support battalion- and brigade-
level command posts, and may be tasked to dispatch individual teams
to separate support missions or to be combined with other teams,
platoons, or companies to meet specific mission requirements.

Operational Employment
4-103. The ESB is designed to afford network planners flexibility
in configuring resources to meet user requirements precisely. In
keeping with modularity principles, the ESB and its signal companies,
platoons, and teams may be tailored and task organized so that only the
precise package of capabilities needed to satisfy a given mission is
deployed. In the same manner, companies, platoons, or teams may be
added to an ESB to meet the demands of a particular mission.

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Chapter 4

4-104. The ESB and its subordinate elements may be tasked to

support organizations anywhere in a theater AO, to include army-level
units provisioned to division-level support brigades. Network support
missions may require a full battalion, a company, or a platoon;
however, missions may require the deployment of individual teams to
support separate units in widely dispersed locations at every echelon of
an operation. Mission orders will normally be issued by the Army G-3
in coordination with the Army G-6 and disseminated to the ESB
through the SC(T) HQ and tactical signal brigade HQ.
4-105. In a MCO, the theater army G-3 in coordination with the
theater army G-6 will normally issue mission orders. Mission orders
will be disseminated to the ESB through the SC(T) headquarters and
tactical signal brigade HQ.
4-106. ESB subordinate companies, platoons, sections, and teams
attached to supported units will normally receive logistical support, to
include rations, petroleum, oils, lubricants, ammunition, medical care,
repair parts, and maintenance services from the supported unit. Support
requirements will be specified in the attachment order.

Command Relationships
4-107. ESBs are assigned to tactical signal brigades. Tactical signal
brigades are assigned either to a SC(T) or to NETCOM/9th SC(A).
Tactical signal brigades are aligned to support numbered armies
(USAREUR/7th Army, USARPAC/8th Army, USARCENT/3rd Army,
USARSO/6th Army, and USARNORTH/5th Army).
4-108. When assigned a network support mission, ESBs and
subordinate elements will be detached from the parent unit and
attached to the supported unit for the duration of the mission.

TACTICAL INSTALLATION AND NETWORK COMPANY

4-109. The Tactical Installation and Network (TIN) company
provides large network infrastructure installation and rapid installation
and restoration of the DCS within an Army’s AO. Growing from a

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Theater Operations

need to provide responsive and agile advanced network installation

services for critical missions, the TIN company has the capability to
restore or install critical pieces of the DCS, which includes the DSN,
the DSCS, and the DISN. Thorough planning identifies the necessary
work requirements, specific core competencies, an estimated bill of
materials, and personnel requirements.
4-110. The TIN company—
z Provides follow-on tactical support to signal packages for semi-
permanent and permanent tactical automation, network installation, and
information system support utilizing user provided bills of materials.
z Provides rapid DCS installation and restoration.
z Deploys in support of combatant commands, JTF, JFLCCs, ASCC,
and SC(T)s. May be employed to support other service component or
coalition headquarters, permanent or semi-permanent enclaves.
z Provides technical expertise to interpret and implement
engineering plans for communication systems.
z Advises the supported commander on aspects of network
installation to include inside plant, outside plant, LAN installation and
initialization.
z Performs quality assurance testing and handoff of installed and
restored systems.
z Installs, maintains, and repairs aerial, buried, or underground
cable, wire, and fiber optic transmission systems.
z Repairs and maintains indigenous cable, wire, and fiber optic
systems, and provides antenna and tower construction and repair.
z Provides LAN installation and cabling using any mix of military
and commercial standards and materials.
z Provides automation support to include LAN initialization,
network security, DMS, DRSN, SIPRNET, NIPRNET, and VTC.
z Installs or restores the DSCS terminal.
z Installs or restores a strategic to tactical interface path.

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Chapter 4

4-111. One TIN company typically deploys to an Army’s AO. The

company may be attached or OPCON to a SC(T) HQ, an ITSB, ESB or
TTSB, an ARFOR or JFLCC G-6/J-6 staff section or under an
organization responsible for joint communications until an Army signal
headquarters deploys into theater. Platoons, sections, and teams can
operate autonomously to support various locations, base clusters, and
enclaves. The TIN company can also deploy tasked organized teams,
sections, or platoons to support contingencies in CONUS and
OCONUS. The organization structure for a TIN company is depicted in
Figure 4-7.

VISUAL INFORMATION
4-112. Visual information (VI) is information in the form of visual
or pictorial representations of person(s), place(s), or thing(s), with or
without sound. VI includes still photographs, digital still images,
motion pictures, analog and digital video recordings, and hand- or
computer-generated graphic art and animations that depict real or
imaginary person(s), place(s), and/or thing(s), and related captions,
overlays, and intellectual control data (Joint Publication [JP] 1-02).
4-113. The mission of VI activities and Soldiers is to acquire and
provide the President, Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), Joint
Staff, military departments, and Army commanders with record
documentation, multimedia/VI products, and services to satisfy official
requirements.
4-114. Security classification, operations security or subject
sensitivity should not be used to prevent visual information
documentation (VIDOC), since VI products can be classified at any
level required. VIDOC is the process of using motion media, still
photography, and audio equipment to acquire audio and visual records
of events. Resulting VI products include photographs, motion pictures,
video recordings, graphic art, visual aids, models, and displays.

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Theater Operations

Figure 4-7. Theater TIN company

4-115. VI products assist commanders at all levels by providing a

visual record of significant Army events and activities. Visual images

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 4-43

Chapter 4

are used in tactical C2 decisionmaking, strategic planning, and

management through presentations and reports. Doctrinal, combat,
materiel, and training developers use VI records for analysis and in
reports and briefings to support their programs. VI products can be
used for historical purposes to document training, educational,
research, logistical, personnel, medical, and legal activities. VI with
historical or long-term value shall be stored, managed and preserved by
the Defense Imagery Management Operations Center (DIMOC).
4-116. The DIMOC is the new operational arm of the Defense
Visual Information directorate. It is a transformational organization
that has assumed the missions, functions, and responsibilities of the
Joint Combat Camera Center, the Defense Visual Information Center,
and the Joint Visual Information Services Distribution Activity and
will serve as:
z The central reception and distribution point for all joint interest
still and motion imagery.
z The designated central records center for storage, preservation, and
distribution of general purpose Defense imagery.
z The central life-cycle management and initial/follow-on
distribution activity for DOD productions, providing post-production
services for DOD and other government customers.

COMBAT CAMERA
4-117. The mission of combat camera (COMCAM) forces is to
provide the OSD, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Military
Departments, combatant commands, and JTFs with a directed imagery
capability in support of operational and planning requirements during
wartime operations, worldwide crises, contingencies, and joint
exercises (FM 3-55.12). The COMCAM mission is to support but is
independent from, unique imagery operations such as Public Affairs,
psychological operations, intelligence, and civil support. The Army’s
theater COMCAM company accomplishes its mission by providing
COMCAM tactical support to joint and US Army operations and
exercises.

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Theater Operations

4-118. The COMCAM company can provide land, airborne, and

airmobile operations. When deployed as a whole, it supports
warfighters at all echelons across the spectrum of conflict in the theater
of war. Its modular design facilitates tailoring support packages for
lesser regional conflicts, small-scale contingencies, and other
operations in the spectrum, such as peacekeeping and humanitarian
relief operations. The company can deploy on short notice to support
any level of combat force projection down to the brigade combat team.
It can also operate in a joint operational environment as part of, or in
support of, a joint COMCAM organization.
4-119. The COMCAM company provides the following
capabilities—
z Staff planning, control, and supervision of the operations of the
company, to include any augmenting personnel or materiel assets.
z COMCAM equipment maintenance by minor on-site repair,
replacement, or evacuation to civilian contractors.
z Liaison to supported units, joint collection management tools and
other service COMCAM elements.
z Establishment, operation, and maintenance of COMCAM facilities
supporting theater Army and subordinate TAC CP headquarters. This
includes—
COMCAM editing for the electronic processing of
digital still and motion imagery acquired by organic
documentation teams, weapons system video, or
other COMCAM field units located in the theater
Army AOR.
Operating support facilities to provide tailored still
and motion media products, graphics products,
narration support, and video reports on short
suspense.
Presentation and exploitation of visual imagery to
support operational requirements.
COMCAM platoons to support operational
requirements and provide continuous COMCAM

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Chapter 4

documentation for historical purposes, to include

ground and aerial documentation/acquisition of
visual imagery. Transmission is accomplished via the
most reliable transmission means available; that is
CNRs, single-channel TACSAT radios, local area
networks, or Defense Switched Network (DSN) and
commercial telephone lines.
VI and documentation support to Army units with
missions across the spectrum of conflict from
peacetime military engagement to MCOs.

Support Requirements
4-120. At the theater level, the COMCAM company is attached to
the theater army and is co-located with the G-3. The theater army
element provides support and services under the warfighting functions.
Under the warfighting functions support is provided for transmission of
VI on data-capable communications lines across the theater and back to
the sustaining base. The theater army provides CE maintenance support
to the COMCAM company.
4-121. At the corps and division levels, the COMCAM element is
attached to the headquarters. The platoon headquarters is co-located
with the appropriate corps/division G-3. COMCAM teams are under
the OPCON of the brigade and battalion headquarters and are co-
located with the appropriate unit S-3. The associated Army element
provides food service, health, legal, religious, financial management,
human resources, administrative services, supply, supplemental air
transportation, and support for transmission of VI on data-capable
communications lines across the corps/division and to the next higher
headquarters. The corresponding signal command provides CE
maintenance support.

Structure
4-122. The modular design of the COMCAM company has been
standardized to facilitate their mission requirements at the tactical level

4-46 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Theater Operations

of operations to more accurately reflect its emerging role in strategic

and tactical requirements. The structure of the theater COMCAM
company consists of a company headquarters, two corps support
platoons, and five division support platoons. Figure 4-8 outlines the
structure of a typical theater COMCAM company.

Figure 4-8. Theater COMCAM company

JOINT COMBAT CAMERA OPERATIONS

4-123. COMCAM empowers the joint force commander by
acquiring, processing and distributing classified and unclassified still
17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 4-47
Chapter 4

and motion imagery in support of full spectrum operations. Inclusive

documentation ensures an accurate record of ongoing operations, and is
vital to the strategic communication mission. Each military Service has
dedicated COMCAM units that are specially trained and equipped to
support combat forces in any environment. All COMCAM personnel
must have received advanced field training and weapons qualifications.
All personnel who require access to information systems processing
classified defense information to fulfill their duties will possess a
security clearance based on the appropriate personnel security
investigation per Department of Defense Directive (DODD) 5200.2.
When employed, COMCAM supports the force at all echelons in a
theater of war. The COMCAM force packages are adaptive, fully
qualified and equipped to document sustained day and night
operations.
4-124. Army COMCAM teams will be tasked to participate in
DOD joint exercises along with COMCAM teams from other services.
Only the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff and combatant commanders
have the authority to task joint service COMCAM teams. Tasking is
normally component-specific (Army COMCAM is tasked to document
Army activities); however in a joint environment, joint COMCAM
forces can be formed to document all aspects of an operation. Imagery
provided will be provided to the JTF commander and supported
elements, while simultaneously and expeditiously transmitted to the
DIMOC. COMCAM products cleared by the operational commander
can be forwarded directly from the theater of operations to the DIMOC
for further distribution to the operational staff.
4-125. The Commanding General, US Army Network Enterprise
Technology Command (NETCOM)/9th Signal Command (Army)
[SC(A)] organizes and operates Army deployable COMCAM units
through the 55th Signal Company (COMCAM) (Regular Army) and the
982nd Signal Company (COMCAM) (Army Reserve) to provide visual
documentation of operational contingencies, exercises, joint operations,
and relief activities in response to major disasters and other peacetime
engagements.

4-48 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Theater Operations

THEATER NETWORK OPERATIONS AND SECURITY

CENTER
4-126. The TNOSC operates, manages, and defends the LWN in
order to deliver seamless information and communication systems
capabilities in support of all in-theater Army entities in its AO. The
TNOSC executes its NETOPS responsibilities in coordination with the
Army G-6. RNOSCs may execute TNOSC functions on a geographic
basis within their AOR under tactical control of the TNOSC. The
responsibilities of the TNOSC are to control performance of technical
functions of both fixed theater network infrastructure and tactical Army
signal units within the theater AOR.

TNOSC Deployment Support Division

4-127. In conjunction with the modular restructuring of the Army,
the signal command is undergoing revision in order to support
emerging requirements of the new modular force. One such revision is
the addition of a new Deployment Support Division (DSD) within the
TNOSC. The DSD has the primary responsibility for all TNOSC
support to deployed forces. It is comprised of two branches: the
Tactical Network Team (TNT) and the Tactical Integration Cell (TIC)
as shown (with the other TNOSC divisions) in Figure 4-9.

Tactical Network Team

4-128. The TNT is a fully deployable NETOPS entity (but based on
METT-TC it is not necessarily fully or always deployed). The TNT
acts as a fully integrated NOSC providing NETOPS functions for the
SC(T) commander or signal brigade commander. The TNT will
leverage supporting capabilities of the ASCC TNOSC to execute its
NETOPS functions. The ARFOR TNT monitors, manages, and
controls inter-BCT, division and corps, and EAC information network
components.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 4-49

Chapter 4

Figure 4-9. TNOSC DSD structure

Tactical Integration Cell

4-129. The TIC is a body of tactical network personnel within the
DSD of the TNOSC that is dedicated to the integration and support of
NETOPS for tactical units. The TIC provides the following functions:
z Oversight and management of tactical ASCC NETOPS support
services, such as the tactical NETOPS systems.
z Supplementary or backup network services in direct support of
other network elements as required. These services include storage and
directory, as requested by the ARFOR. These functions are value-
added services and are not intended to replace critical organic
NETOPS assets within the chain of command.
z Technical subject matter expertise upon request to analyze and
resolve tactical network problems and incidents.

4-50 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Theater Operations

z Coordination of any required interoperation of ASCC NETOPS

systems with tactical NETOPS systems such as e-mail, collaboration,
DNS, and directory services.
z Any necessary system interfaces, equipment augmentation, or
NETOPS processes to enable standard Army tactical forces to
interoperate seamlessly with combatant command’s specific
requirements and policies.
4-130. The TIC responsibilities also include the formation of
temporary Tactical Liaison Teams (TLTs), which are dedicated to the
support of a specific tactical unit. The TLT performs a liaison function
to the supported unit’s NETOPS cell, providing essential integration
services between the tactical unit and the respective TNOSC, while
also providing valuable technical NETOPS augmentation to the unit’s
organic NETOPS capability. When supporting a corps/division or
corps/division-based command, a TLT typically collocates with
corps/division personnel at the tactical Network Service Center. TLT
personnel in support of an expeditionary BCT may perform functions
from the TNOSC, or may relocate to other locations as missions
dictate. Figures 4-10 and Figure 4-11 depict the two typical scenarios
for these elements.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 4-51

Chapter 4

Figure 4-10. TNOSC DSD elements–TNT, TIC, and TLT with

corps/division

4-52 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Theater Operations

Figure 4-11. TNOSC DSD elements–TNT, TIC, and TLT

without corps/division

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Chapter 5

Transport Systems

The Army’s transformation has provided

enhanced network equipment capabilities to the
modular force. The major network transport
systems for the modular and current force are
the communications systems currently being
fielded under WIN-T Increment 1. This chapter
includes a section on MSE and the Tri-Service
Tactical (TRI-TAC) systems to provide
information until the transformation of WIN-T
Increment 1 is complete. This chapter provides
commanders and G-6/S-6 leaders an
understanding of the LWN transport systems at
corps and below.

WIN-T INCREMENT 1
5-1. WIN-T Increment 1 was formerly known as Joint Network Node-
Network (JNN-N) and is the network enabler fielded to provide timely,
network-enabled support to tactical modular formations, providing
connectivity from a battalion to the GIG.
5-2. The major components of the WIN-T Increment 1 transport are the
hub node, (fixed, mobile, and tactical); the JNN at corps, division, and
brigade; and the CPN at battalion.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 5-1

Chapter 5

5-3. The JNN is the communications package deployed at corps,

division and brigade levels. The JNN enables independent operations
and direct termination into the theater network, GIG, or a joint
headquarters. The JNN facilitates the management of digital groups,
trunks, and circuits. It provides the means through which the
communications resource at a node can be monitored, controlled, and
managed. The JNN capabilities include Ethernet switching, IP routing,
network management, and network security services that include
network intrusion detection.
5-4. The JNN has voice and data switching equipment allowing
independent operations and enabling both circuit switching and IP
based networking. The JNN will work with existing terrestrial transport
(LOS and HCLOS), ground mobile forces (AN/TSC-85/93), TROPO
(AN/TRC-170), SMART-T (AN/TSC-154), Phoenix SATCOM
terminal (AN/TSC-156), and commercial Ku-band satellite or Ka-band
satellite, when available.
5-5. Networking capabilities provided by JNN to support network
enabled voice, data, and video services support include—
z Forty-eight two-wire phone subscribers (SIPRNET and
NIPRNET).
z Twenty-four IP voice subscribers (SIPRNET and NIPRNET).
z Forty-six IP data subscribers (SIPRNET and NIPRNET).
z Includes 24 data subscribers connected to IP phones.
z One local Private Branch Exchange; 1.544 Mbps or tier 1 T1
trunk.
z Eight MSE black long voice subscribers.
z Defense Red Switch Network long local access to the AN/TRC-
170 via a Pairgain modem.
z Remote battlefield video teleconferencing center access to the
AN/TRC-170 via a Pairgain modem.
z Supports two MSE digital transmission group supporting voice
and data.

5-2 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Transport Systems

5-6. Critical communications components of the JNN are the vantage

MSE gateway switch, a private branch exchange, Cisco router,
Promina multiplexer, Cisco call manager, Ku-band TDMA, and FDMA
modems, satellite transportable terminal (Ku-band satellite), and
tactical LAN encryptor. Figure 5-1 shows WIN-T Increment 1
architecture at different echelons.

Note. Refer to FMI 6-02.60 for more information on

WIN-T Increment 1.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 5-3

Chapter 5

Figure 5-1. WIN-T Increment 1 architecture

5-4 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Transport Systems

WIN-T INCREMENT 1 HUB NODES

5-7. The hub node is the primary component of the network service
center. The network service center links the TDMA and FDMA Ku-
band architectures. Additionally, the network service center allows for
the termination, reallocation, and control of network bandwidth.

Fixed Regional Hub Node

5-8. The FRHN is a theater asset that provides coverage for units
deploying to a geographical region. There will be five FRHNs when
they are fully operational: one each within the Central Command,
Pacific Command, and European Command and two within the
CONUS. They will provide near-worldwide coverage when
operational. The FRHN may provide initial hub support for the units in
theater prior to the arrival of the division THN or if the commander
makes the decision not to employ the THN. Control of the network
may be transferred to the THN as the mission and situation dictates.
5-9. The FRHN can support up to three divisions concurrently and has
the flexibility to provide support to autonomous BCTs as well as ESBs
that are task organized to support all echelons. The FRHN provides the
following capabilities to the division—
z Primary hub node connectivity and services during
reception, staging, onward movement, and integration
operations.
z Continuity of operations for MRHNs and THNs.
z A server sanctuary supporting the delivery of theater
level services to the corps, division, and brigade.
z Assured reachback to the Trojan Network Control
Centers for TOP SECRET/Sensitive Compartmented
Information users supported by a JNN or CPN as their point
of entry to the network.
5-10. The FRHN will be collocated with a STEP or teleport
facility providing an always-on high bandwidth access to the GIG and

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 5-5

Chapter 5

extension of DISA services to the division. The FRHN consists of a

communications facility, which contains the satellite and baseband
equipment, and a services facility, which contains servers and network
and system administration personnel. The theater signal brigade
personnel will operate and maintain the FRHN.
5-11. A liaison team from the supported unit will ordinarily
deploy to the FRHN to assist with configuration of the Tier 2
equipment that interfaces with their forces based on METT-TC. This
Tier 2 equipment includes routers, switches, call managers, and
NETOPS. This team will also facilitate NETOPS and troubleshooting
issues. The liaison team will remain at the FRHN as the mission
dictates.
5-12. If a THN of the division assumes control of the network
after arriving in theater, it may be necessary for the liaison team to
transfer to the THN and the FRHN would become a backup capability
for the division providing continuity of operations if needed. It would
then be possible for the division technicians to remotely access the
FRHN Tier 2 devices that support them as required. The division or
corps G-6 will coordinate as early as possible with the signal brigade
S-3 to define liaison support activities at the FRHN. Any Tier 2
application servers installed at the FRHN will be configured and
managed by the liaison team.

Tactical Hub Node

5-13. The THN is the primary hub node supporting a division and
its subordinate units and is organic to the division signal company. It
will ordinarily deploy to a sanctuary location to provide connectivity to
a DOD gateway either with the division headquarters or in advance of
the division headquarters. As the corps has no organic hub node, the
THN may be used by the corps to provide access to the GIG and to
control its subordinate units. Additionally, if elements of an ESB are
OPCON to support the corps, division, or brigade, they may use the
THN as an entry point to the network. The THN is capable of
interfacing with current Army systems such as mobile subscriber

5-6 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Transport Systems

equipment (MSE) and Tri-Services Tactical Communications Program

(TRI-TAC).
5-14. The THN is made of two identical TDMA/FDMA
SATCOM shelters and one baseband shelter. The SATCOM shelters
have a 3.9-meter Ku/Ka capable antenna. Each shelter contains 8
TDMA and 8 FDMA modems for 16 TDMA and 16 FDMA modems
per THN. There is a master reference terminal and network control
center in each shelter. The THN has the capability to provide services
to a division network of 16 FDMA CPs and 80 TDMA CPs. The
baseband shelter contains the necessary components to interface with
the DOD gateway and provides the following capabilities—
z Multiplexing.
z Link encryption.
z IP encryption (KG-175).
z Patching and testing.
z Private Branch Exchange phone service with Defense
Switched Network connectivity.
z Tier ½ NIPRNET and SIPRNET routing services.
z Tier 2 NIPRNET and SIPRNET routing services.
z IA (e.g., intrusion detection, firewall, and deep
packet inspection).
z Voice over Internet Protocol.
z Secure voice over Internet Protocol.

Network Service Center-Training

5-15. The Network Service Center-Training is located at the US
Army Signal Center, Fort Gordon, Georgia. The Network Service
Center-Training has capabilities similar to a THN with a primary
mission of providing TDMA and DISN training and sustainment
services for WIN-T Increment 1 equipped units in CONUS, Hawaii,
and Alaska. The Network Service Center-Training supports activities
such as home station training, Battle Command Training Center
training, and Combat Training Center rotations. It also provides formal

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 5-7

Chapter 5

schoolhouse training to prepare Soldiers to operate, manage, and

interface with WIN-T Increment 1 assets. The Network Service Center-
Training performs the following functions—
z Provides TDMA master reference terminal services
for sustainment training networks.
z Remotely monitors, controls, and troubleshoots
remote TDMA networks.
z Establishes a test bed for experimentation and
prototyping.
z Supports development of doctrine and tactics,
techniques, and procedures.
z Supports, as necessary, real-world operations.
z Provides a vehicle for individual training and live
network collective training exercises.
z Supports mobile training teams.

Mobile Regional Hub Node

5-16. The MRHNs are the original hub nodes fielded to the 3rd
Infantry Division and will be transitioned to the NETCOM/9th SC(A)
to serve as MRHNs. They consist of the same assemblages as the
THNs with the difference being that they are mounted on commercial
vehicles. The MRHNs will be allocated to, operated, and maintained by
theater signal brigades. Each MRHN is capable of providing network
services to a typical division consisting of 100 CPs on TDMA and 16
CPs on FDMA. A MHRN has the following capabilities—
z Provides coverage in areas where an FRHN has not
been built or provides no coverage.
z Provides hub node connectivity to expeditionary
units (e.g., BCTs) not deploying with a THN.
z Supplements a FRHN when additional capacity or
satellite coverage is required.
z Provides TDMA management support enabling intra-
theater brigade to brigade level routing and network
services.
5-8 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009
Transport Systems

z Provides unit sustainment training and exercise

support.
z Supports expeditionary BCTs operating independent
of a THN supported division.

COMMAND POST NODE

5-17. The CPN is primarily fielded to the battalion level
headquarters, but it is also used to augment a CP at other echelons. It
consists of a support vehicle, a trailer-mounted 2.4 meter satellite dish,
and two transit cases.
5-18. The CPN (refer to Figure 5-2) operates in the TDMA
satellite architecture providing secret data and Voice over Internet
Protocol phone services. This architecture allows the battalion data
network to terminate into the JNN and network service centers. The
CPN has the following characteristics—
z Interfaces with satellite and LOS assets.
z Is IP voice only.
z Is one physical enclave (tunnel second).
z Capable of using bursts up to 4 Mbps on TDMA.

Figure 5-2. Command post node

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 5-9

Chapter 5

BRIGADE SUBSCRIBER NODE

5-19. The brigade subscriber node (BSN) is fielded in SBCTs that
are not already JNN enabled. The BSN provides switching, routing,
transmission, network management, and security services within a
single shelter. These components form the communications network
infrastructure that enables the user to transfer voice, video, data, and
imagery information throughout the AO. The SBCT signal company
contains two BSNs and are traditionally placed at the brigade main CP
and the brigade support area CP. The BSN is capable of interfacing
with the JNN, MSE, and TRI-TAC.

NETWORK OPERATIONS CENTER-VEHICLE

5-20. The Network Operations Center-Vehicle (NOC-V) is found
within select SBCT signal companies as well as battalion level
headquarters. The NOC-V provides the S-6 with an operational facility
and an integrated means to plan, manage, monitor and control tactical
systems and networks that are within their management domain. The
NOC-V provides voice and data services as well as radio links to the
lower tactical Internet via SINCGARS, EPLRS and NTDR radios. It
also contains a Force XXI Battle Command Brigade and Below
(FBCB2) suite and tactical Internet manager for SA message traffic,
tactical Internet, and TOC management. The NOC-V is capable of
interfacing with the strategic, commercial, joint, and multinational data
communication systems through the BSN.

HIGH-CAPACITY LINE OF SIGHT SYSTEM

5-21. The AN/TRC-190(V)3 is a terrestrial microwave radio

system containing three AN/GRC-245 HCLOS radios. Each radio
provides full duplex digital traffic at rates up to 16,384 kilobits per
second (kbps). It is found within the signal companies at the corps,
division, and brigade. It is ordinarily paired with a JNN to provide a
high bandwidth LOS capability of up to 40 kilometers when terrestrial

5-10 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Transport Systems

LOS exists. The AN/TRC-190(V)1 contains one HCLOS radio and is

found in units that use the CPN.

SECURE MOBILE ANTI-JAM RELIABLE TACTICAL

TERMINAL
5-22. The SMART-T is a satellite ground communications
terminal that is found within the corps, division, and brigade signal
companies. It provides a protected SATCOM path for range extension
of JNN systems that is capable of both single-channel voice
communications and high bandwidth data transfer of up to 1.544 Mbps.
SMART-T uses the Military Strategic Tactical Relay satellite
constellation and employs frequency hopping technology that prevents
jamming and interference from affecting communications. SMART-T
is a one-vehicle system that can be put into operation by one Soldier in
less than 30 minutes.

WIDEBAND SATELLITE TERMINALS

5-23. The AN/TSC-85C and AN/TSC-93C terminals are current
forces’ ground mobile forces systems. The terminals are tri-band
multichannel communications terminals that operate in the SHF
spectrum with a throughput capacity up to 8.448 Mbps. The C models
are being replaced by the D models to extend their life and provide
greater capabilities. They are found within the ESB and are used to
augment the internal assets of the corps, division, and brigade such as
when a theater asset is attached or OPCON to them. The multi-band
Phoenix AN/TSC-156 SATCOM terminal replaces selected AN/TSC-
85/93 terminals in the ESB.

COMMERCIAL SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS TERMINALS

5-24. Commercial SATCOM terminals are used primarily in
stability operations to free up tactical assets. These are unit funded and
procured systems that receive no DOD funding. The terminals include
fixed, deployable, VSAT, and mobile products. Training, spares, and

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 5-11

Chapter 5

operations and support services are ordinarily provided as required.

The two prevalent terminals are covered below.

AN/USC-60A Flyaway Tri-band Satellite Terminal

5-25. The AN/USC-60A Flyaway Tri-band Satellite Terminal is a
transportable tri-Band (C, X, Ku Band) transit case packaged
SATCOM terminal. It employs a unifold 2.4-meter antenna system and
can set up or torn down in less than 60 minutes. The modular
architecture of the AN/USC-60A terminals easily accommodates
expansions such as a digital video, digital voice/facsimile transmission,
secure communication, and network control.
5-26. The AN/USC-60A is ordinarily used as a spoke in a hub and
spoke network but may also be configured to act as the hub. It is
possible to upgrade the AN/USC-60A to make it compatible with Ka
Band satellites.

Deployable Ku Band Earth Terminal

5-27. The Deployable Ku band Earth Terminal (DKET) is a
satellite terminal capable of supporting 24 T1 data rate circuits through
a 4.6-7 meter tracking antenna. It contains redundant RF electronics
and auto uplink power control with an environmentally controlled
shelter with redundant generators and UPS for critical components.
The digital fiber optic interface system connects to user baseband up to
2 km. The DKET is Interoperable with all tri-band satellite terminals
and teleport earth terminals in commercial bands. The DKET is
employed as a hub to service large populations. (There is a Ka Band
upgrade kit available for the DKET.)

MOBILE SUBSCRIBER EQUIPMENT

5-28. The MSE system is the forerunner of the WIN-T Increment
1 suite of equipment currently fielded to many of the reorganized
modular units. It is an area-switched communications system that relies
primarily on LOS links up to 40 km (28 miles) apart, but can operate

5-12 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Transport Systems

on a satellite network if the satellite systems are provided. The use of

relay assemblages can increase the distance between LOS nodes.
5-29. The MSE system provides both voice and data
communications on an automatic, discrete-addressed, fixed-directory
basis using flood-search routing. The system supports both mobile and
wire subscribers with a means to exchange C2 information in a
dynamic tactical environment.
5-30. MSE was designed to provide communications in an area of
operation of up to 37,500 square km (15,000 square miles). The system
is digital, secure, and highly flexible. MSE also contains features that
deal with link or functional element outages, traffic overload, and rapid
movement of users.
5-31. Throughout the maneuver area, subscribers connect to
extension nodes by radio or wire. These extension nodes serve as local
call switching centers and provide access to the network by connecting
to a node center.

MSE Components
5-32. Node centers provide essential switching, traffic control, and
access points for MSE. After determining the coverage area, node
centers are allocated to establish a corps MSE grid network. Node
centers are primarily linked by LOS radios to provide communications
throughout the system via the node center switch. The cable connects
TACSAT and TROPO systems to the node center. If one node center is
disabled, the system automatically routes communications through
another node center. The node center switch serves as an access point
for large extension nodes (LENs), small extension nodes (SENs), radio
access unit, system control center-2s, and Integrated System Control
(ISYSCON).
5-33. The forced entry switch combines the essential functions of
the node center switch, LEN, node management facility, and a radio
access unit into one shelter. The forced entry switch, combined with a

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 5-13

Chapter 5

LOS AN/TRC-198, comprises the contingency communications

package.
5-34. The LEN switch provides wired communications for
personnel at large CPs. A LEN switch enables up to 164-wired
subscribers to communicate freely using automatic flood search
routing.
5-35. The SEN switch supports the communications needs of
smaller CPs. The AN/TTC-48 (V)1 can support 26-wired subscribers
and the (V)2 can support 41-wired subscribers.
5-36. The radio access unit, AN/TRC-191, is a fully automatic
radio interface for mobile subscriber radiotelephone terminal
subscribers. It connects directly to the node center by cable or remotely
via LOS radio. The radio access unit is capable of terminating a
maximum of eight radio telephone calls at any one time. The planning
range between the mobile subscriber radiotelephone terminal and the
radio access unit is 15 km (9.3 miles).
5-37. The ISYSCON is the automated, theater-wide, tactical-
communications network-management system used to plan, configure,
monitor, and control the entire spectrum of military tactical
communications systems. ISYSCON features include mission plan
management, network planning and engineering, battlefield frequency
spectrum management, tactical packet network management, and WAN
management. (Refer to Appendix A for more information on battlefield
spectrum management.)
5-38. The AN/TRC-190 (V)1 is an LOS multi-channel radio
terminal. It provides point-to-point UHF radio links using the
AN/GRC-226 (P) radio set between various nodes of the MSE system.
The (V)1 is equipped with one AB-1339 mast with Band I and Band III
antennas. The planning range of the UHF radio is 40 km (28 miles).
5-39. The AN/TRC-190 (V)2 is an LOS multi-channel radio
terminal. It provides point-to-point UHF radio links using the
AN/GRC-226 (P) radio set between various nodes of the MSE system.
The (V)2 is equipped with two AN/GRC-226(P) radio sets (one online

5-14 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Transport Systems

and one spare) and one AB-1339 mast with Band I and Band III
antennas. The planning range of the UHF radio is 40 km (28 miles).
The (V)2 typically deploys as an analog interface to North Atlantic
Treaty Organization forces.
5-40. The AN/TRC-190 (V)3 is an LOS multi-channel radio
terminal. It provides point-to-point UHF radio links using the
AN/GRC-226 (P) radio set between various nodes of the MSE system.
The (V)3 is equipped with four AN/GRC-226(P) radio sets (three
online and one spare) and three AB-1339 masts with two Band I and
two Band III antennas. The planning range of the UHF radio is 40 km
(28 miles). Each radio link supports a single full-duplex group-level
connection and a single digital voice orderwire channel. The AN/TRC-
190 (V)3 typically deploys with the node center switch and is a radio
relay.
5-41. The AN/TRC-190 (V)4 is an LOS multi-channel radio
terminal. It provides point-to-point UHF radio links using the
AN/GRC-226 (P) radio set between various nodes of the MSE system.
Each radio link supports a single full-duplex group-level connection
and a single digital voice orderwire channel. The AN/TRC-190 (V)4 is
equipped with two AN/GRC-226 (P) radio sets (two online) and two
AB-1339 masts with Band I and Band III antennas. The planning range
of the UHF radio is 40 km (28 miles). If the AN/TRC-190 (V)4 has an
AN/GRC-224 (P) radio set installed, it can provide a short-range, down
the hill, and point-to-point SHF radio link. The AN/TRC-190 (V)4
typically deploys with the LEN switch.

TRI-SERVICE TACTICAL
5-42. Currently, if TRI-TAC systems are used they are employed
at the theater level. Similar to MSE, the TRI-TAC network forms a
communications grid of area nodes, which covers the AO. The area
nodes normally interconnect by LOS links up to 40 km (28 miles)
apart. Users gain access to the network at many extension nodes, which
tie into the area nodes through LOS links. The use of relay assemblages

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 5-15

Chapter 5

can increase the distance between nodes. TACSAT and TROPO links
further extend the range between nodes.

5-16 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Chapter 6

Federation of Networks

This chapter provides an overview of the

federations of networks that are most commonly
used today: The reader is referred to additional
publications for detailed information on subject
matter beyond the scope of the chapter. As
communications needs grow, new networks will
be acquired. This chapter does not represent all
communications assets currently available to
commanders and signal leaders.

INTRODUCTION
6-1. The federation of networks are specialized networks and systems
that are commonly referred to as “stovepipes” and will continue to
operate until fully integrated into a single enterprise. These stovepipes
are designed to meet a commander’s unique intelligence, operational,
and sustainment needs. They serve a narrow community of users and
have limited or no interoperability with other systems. These networks
are required by different warfighting functions, many of which are not
directly installed, operated, or maintained by signal personnel. The
following paragraphs discuss some of the most widely used systems.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 6-1

Chapter 6

COMBAT NET RADIOS

6-2. The primary role of CNR is voice transmission for C2. The
secondary role includes data transmission where other data capabilities
do not exist. The CNR is primarily designed around the SINCGARS,
the single channel TACSAT, and the high frequency radio.
6-3. More tactical radios with these or like capabilities are found at
division and below. Each of these systems has different capabilities and
transmission characteristics.

Note. Refer to other doctrinal publications that may be

accessed on the doctrine AKO portal at
http://gordon.army.mil/doctrine for more information on
tactical radios being used throughout the Army. The
portal requires a common access card to access.

BLUE FORCE TRACKING

6-4. The BFT system is an L-band SATCOM tracking and
communication system that provides the commander eyes on the
friendly forces and the ability to send and receive text messages. BFT
operates with FBCB2 software. FBCB2s terrestrial-based radio is
EPLRS, a networking radio that provides transport and position
location when necessary.
6-5. The BFT contains computer hardware and software,
interconnecting cables, L-band satellite transceiver, a precision
lightweight global positioning system receiver, a mission data loader to
transfer larger files, and an installation kit appropriate to the host
vehicle type (if applicable). Other major BFT systems include the
Movement Tracking System and Talon Reach. (Refer to FMI 6-02.45
for more information on these systems.)

6-2 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Federation of Networks

GBS MISSION REQUEST

6-37. Units must articulate requirements via submission of a GBS
mission request prior to deployment and update the request as mission
needs dictate changes in types of information products, time and pace
of initial delivery/updates, and modification of delivery times or unit
locations. It is critical that GBS mission requests are tailored to support
specific unit missions and that the G-6/information management
officer/knowledge management officer collects staff information
requirements and identifies the location of associated national source
repositories.
6-38. The information management officer/knowledge
management officer can access the satellite broadcast manager product
catalog via SIPRNET to select those products already available from
the satellite broadcast manager and include them in the GBS mission
request submission.
6-39. For those products not already available on the personal
computer, units must provide specific location information on the GBS
mission request to facilitate the satellite broadcast manager’s ability to
acquire the information and prepare it for broadcast IAW the unit
established timelines and priorities. Pre-deployment network
integration is recommended to confirm GBS mission request
effectiveness and network integration, and identify any GBS mission
request changes that are required.

G-6/S-6 Officer and GBS

6-40. The G-6/S-6 officer is responsible for planning and
integration of all peripheral devices (for example, LAN, WAN,
computer hardware, monitors, etc.) needed to make information
available to the end user. The G-6/S-6 officer is also responsible for
processing user-addressed information in the manner that best suits his
needs.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 6-15

Chapter 6

6-41. Matching staff needs with available products is challenging.

The G-6/S-6 officer must identify each staff section’s information
needs and select those that are best satisfied by the GBS dissemination
architecture. This is based on type, size, criticality of priority, and
information repository location. Those that are deemed appropriate for
GBS delivery is included on the GBS mission request submission.

TELEENGINEERING OPERATIONS
CENTER
6-42. The TeleEngineering Operations Center provides deployed
DOD personnel the worldwide capability to talk directly with experts
in the United States when a problem in the field needs quick resolution.
Deployed troops can be linked to subject matter experts within the
Corps of Engineers, private industry, and academia to obtain detailed
analysis of complex problems that would be difficult to achieve with
the limited expertise or computational capabilities available in the field.
6-43. TeleEngineering Operations Center staff members respond
to incoming information requests and provide detailed analyses of
problems, such as flooding potential due to dam breaches, load
carrying capacities of roads and bridges, field fortifications, and
evaluation of transportation networks.

TELEENGINEERING COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT

6-44. TeleEngineering communications equipment provides video
teleconferences and data transfers that can be conducted from remote
sites where other means of communications are nonexistent or
unavailable.
6-45. The TeleEngineering toolkit is a software product that
provides a valuable analysis tool to personnel on the ground or going
into an area of operation. By annotating an area of interest, a small
reference file can be sent back to the subject matter experts to provide
requests for a variety of information, including cross-country mobility

6-16 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Federation of Networks

analysis, flood analysis, and vegetation information. The response can

then be sent back and graphically displayed using the TeleEngineering
toolkit.
6-46. The automated route reconnaissance kit combines the power
of the TeleEngineering toolkit with a global positioning system, video
camera, and three-dimensional accelerometers to provide automated
route reconnaissance.

STANDARDIZED INTEGRATED
COMMAND POST SYSTEM
6-47. The Standardized Integrated Command Post System
(SICPS) provides modular, interoperable, and fully integrated
command post platforms and information and communications physical
infrastructure with joint capabilities to commanders and staffs. SICPS
integrates ABCS systems, intercoms, large-scale video displays, and
LANs into standard Army command post shelters and tents.
6-48. SICPS is primarily a non-developmental effort that
integrates state-of-the-art government off-the-shelf and COTS
equipment into tactically mobile/deployable platforms that support the
operational needs of the current force and the Stryker BCT force, and
has direct applicability to the Future Force. SICPS consists of three
major subsystems: the SICPS command post platform, the SICPS
family of tents with trailer-mounted support systems, and the command
center system.
6-49. The SICPS family of tents with trailer-mounted support
systems is a series of quickly erected tents, power generation and
environmental control units that will provide the command post with
environmentally controlled workspace, power distribution, lighting,
tables, integrated flooring, a cable management system, and a common
grounding system. A large-scale display and its associated video
controller that make up the command center system supports enhanced
collaborative staff functions.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 6-17

Chapter 6

6-50. SICPS and its integrated infrastructure are the critical

enablers that support the capability needed to fully realize shared
situational understanding, for example, common operational picture,
inherent in the various Army and joint C2 communications and
network systems that enable network centric C2. SICPS also serves as
an enabler for approved battle command systems by hosting the ABCS
information service server associated with the ABCS (V) 6.4
architecture, as well as other servers such as the command post of the
future (CPOF) server and servers associated with Global Command
and Control System-Army (GCCS-A).

6-18 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Appendix A

Electromagnetic Spectrum
Management Operations

Radio frequency spectrum is the range of

electromagnetic frequencies used in the
transmission of voice, data, and video. It is a
shared resource that is non-expendable and
finite. A limited number of channels or
frequencies can be accommodated at any time in
an AO. This appendix provides an understanding
of spectrum management and addresses the roles
of the spectrum manager. (For more information
on EMSO, refer to FMI 6-02.70.)

THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

A-1. Electromagnetic spectrum is defined as the entire range of
radiated energy from low frequency (LF) radio waves through visible
light radiation and further to gamma and cosmic rays. Figure A-1
below depicts the full range of the electromagnetic spectrum. To enable
network centric warfare, the Army must have access to the radio
frequency portion of the spectrum, which is generally considered the
high frequency to EHF range of frequencies.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 A-1

Appendix A

Figure A-1. The electromagnetic spectrum

A-2. The Army does not own any spectrum in the United States
or in any foreign country. In the United States, the Army shares
government allocated spectrum with federal agencies and other military
services. For example, of the 2320 frequencies a SINCGARS radio can
use, only 200 of these are available for government use while the rest
are shared or borrowed from the Federal Communications
Commission.
A-3. The spectrum is a sovereign resource that each country
controls and regulates to satisfy economic and security needs, as
necessary. While there are some international bands for radio services,
countries parcel the electromagnetic spectrum to meet their individual
needs. For example, radio frequency systems designed to operate in
one geographic area or country, or the United States may not be able to
legally operate in other geographic areas such as Europe.

ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM OPERATIONS

A-4. EMSO incorporates spectrum management, frequency
assignments, policy implementation, and host nation coordination that
enables the efficient use of the electromagnetic spectrum for combat
operations. EMSO enables and supports all spectrum dependent
emitters to include wireless extensions of networked communications
systems, all domains of electronic warfare, and many other information
management systems that support EMSO consists of planning,
operating, and coordinating joint use of the electromagnetic spectrum
through operational, engineering, administrative, and policy
implementation procedures. The objective of EMSO is to enable
electronic systems that rely on wireless connectivity to perform their

A-2 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Electromagnetic Spectrum Management Operations

functions in the intended environment without causing or suffering

unacceptable frequency interference.
A-5. The primary focus of spectrum management is to obtain a
valid frequency license from the controlling authority at the
international, national, host nation, unified command, multinational, or
military department level agencies to operate equipment on a certain
specified frequency.
A-6. The Army spectrum management process includes the
application of operational, engineering, and administrative procedures
to allotted radio frequency bands to maximize reuse and sharing of the
spectrum that is available. It enables electronic equipment to perform
their functions in their intended environment using electromagnetic
compatibility measures, without suffering degradation from or causing
unacceptable degradation to other equipment.
A-7. It centers on managing discrete frequencies or frequency
bands using frequency allotments and frequency assignments; assuring
compliance with local radio regulatory policy, rules, and procedures;
application of sound electromagnetic compatibility measure practices;
resolution of harmful interference at the lowest operational level
possible; and timely reporting of incidents of harmful interference that
cannot be resolved locally. Figure A-2 illustrates the Army spectrum
management process.

TACTICAL SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT

A-8. Spectrum management is bottom driven for requirements
and top fed for resources. The division and BCTs represent the “pointy
end of the spear,” and it is critical that all requirements are captured by
the G-6/S-6 at each echelon to ensure the commander receives the
proper resources.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 A-3

Appendix A

O CO N US CONUS AR NG / USA R

Host DIS A
IRAC
Nation / JS C

Combatant
COCOM AS M O
Commander

Service AFMO
Com ponent or AFC

US AR
DO IM TA G
RSC

UEy
Corps AR NG US AR
Division
U Ex Units Units

O CO N US
G arrison
BC T
CO N US Tennant

IRAC- Interdepartment Radio Advisory Board AFMO- Army Frequency Management Office
JSC- Joint Spectrum Center TAG- The Adjutant General
ASMO- Area Spectrum Manager Office RSC- Regional Support Command
AFC- Are Frequency Coordinator USAR- United States Army Reserve
DOIM- Director of Information Management ARNG- Army National Guard

Figure A-2. Army spectrum management process

A-9. In the past, the bulk of spectrum management was

concerned with communications emitters for the backbone and CNR
networks. Today’s operational environment presents many unique
spectrum challenges. Figure A-3 shows that, while communications is
certainly a spectrum management concern, there are many other
competing systems for spectrum. It is the G-6/S-6 responsibility to
coordinate with all spectrum users in the AO to ensure all requirements
for spectrum access are identified. A list of all radio frequency emitters
in the AO must be maintained by the G-6/S-6 to ensure that competing
systems for the same portion of spectrum can be identified and
prioritized for frequency assignments.

A-4 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Electromagnetic Spectrum Management Operations

A-10. The geographical combatant commander is the controlling

authority for spectrum. The geographical combatant commander
normally provides subordinate units, as an allotment, a pool of
frequencies to be used by certain equipment in certain geographical
locations on a first come first serve basis.

Figure A-3. Spectrum management radio frequency systems

TACTICAL SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS

PROCESS
A-11. The role of the spectrum manager is to gather, adjudicate,
and forward requirements for all spectrum support for the division to
the next higher authority.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 A-5

Appendix A

A-12. During day-to-day operations/training at home station, the

G-6 spectrum manager normally uses Spectrum XXI to maintain and
update resident frequency records and requests. The automated
communications engineering software (ACES) builds and publishes the
CEOI, and a network-planning tool such as ISYSCON or detailed
planning and engineering module engineers frequencies for LOS
networks. Table A-1 describes these tools.
Table A-1. Spectrum management tools and descriptions
System Description
The ACES is a net planning software program for the
US Army. ACES works in a ruggedized Windows NT
COTS platform for tactical operations and in desktop
Windows NT workstations in strategic locations. ACES
allows military users to perform fully automated
cryptonet, signal operating instructions, CEOI, joint
CEOI, and electronic protection planning, management,
ACES validation, and generation distribution at the time and
location of need. The Military Communications
Electronics Board has designated ACES as the Joint
Spectrum Management Planning software (called Joint
Automated Communications-Electronics Operating
System [JACS]) for multiservice operations.
JACS has the same basic function as ACES. JACS’s
core purpose is to allow an interface between the joint
JACS CEOI generation tool with service unique
communications planning software and spectrum
management automated tools.
The Joint Network Management System is used at joint
Joint Network level to integrate network management functions. The
spectrum management portion uses existent systems
Management (Spectrum XXI/JACS/ACES), and while providing some
System level of integration, it essentially adds no new
capabilities to the spectrum management process.
ISYSCON, The ISYSCON, detailed planning and engineering
DPEM, and module, and network planning terminal are used
NPT primarily to engineer the Army LOS communications
network for division and below.

A-6 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Electromagnetic Spectrum Management Operations

Spectrum XXI is the spectrum management tool

designated by the Military Communications Electronics
Board as the joint DOD spectrum management
standard. It is used to create, modify, renew, and delete
permanent/temporary frequency assignments/proposals
worldwide.
The Spectrum XXI software was developed under the
management and direction of the DOD Joint Spectrum
Center and the National Telecommunications and
Information Administration. Spectrum XXI was
developed to automate many processes and
standardize the spectrum management process
throughout the federal government.
Spectrum XXI is not a program of record and therefore
did not follow the traditional acquisition process.
Spectrum XXI Spectrum XXI was designed as a tool for combatant
commanders and consequently is not agile enough to
support maneuver operations. It is, however, the only
tool available at this time to assist in spectrum
management. Spectrum XXI can be used in either a
stand-alone mode or connected to regional servers via
the SIPRNET; however, the client server relationship is
not automatic. The clients must initiate a data exchange
to update both the server and the client’s machine. In
addition, equipment such as satellites and radars are
many times, not accounted for which creates
inaccuracies in the electromagnetic picture. Spectrum
XXI also has no visibility of real time operations and is
reliant on the operator to update the database to
maintain accuracy, which in a highly dynamic
operational environment is unlikely.

A-13. During mobilization, spectrum managers are involved in all

planning meetings to determine what frequency requirements will be
based on the division structure (which and how many types of brigades
will be in the division). Once the initial requirements are determined,
the spectrum managers will begin building the master net list, initiate
frequency requests, and begin coordination of electronic warfare
issues.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 A-7

Appendix A

A-14. Once the frequency allotment has been received and the
network plans are finalized, the CEOI is built and published, and
distribution of frequencies to other equipment such as unmanned
aircraft systems, munitions, radars, etc., will be accomplished.

Note. There is currently no spectrum management tool

that allows for en route planning. Only manual
adjustments can be made to any plans.

A-15. In the AO, any adjustments to the spectrum management

plan are made by exception due to Spectrum XXI, ACES/JACS, and
ISYSCON/Joint Network Management System being static planning
tools that do not support maneuver operations.
A-16. During operations, the spectrum manager will constantly be
resolving frequency deconfliction issues and participating in electronic
warfare planning. Depending on the type of operations, the spectrum
manager may also be negotiating with host nations, non-governmental
organizations, or joint, interagency and multinational organizations for
spectrum support and/or deconfliction.
A-17. A unique challenge facing spectrum managers today is the
use of the spectrum by the enemy to detonate improvised explosive
devices. It is possible to mitigate the danger by jamming specific
frequency bands; however, this also denies use of these bands for
operational use. The spectrum manager must work closely with the
appropriate staff sections in order to best support the commander’s
intent and the mission.

Stability Operations
A-18. Spectrum managers should refine and update their plans to
keep the database as accurate as possible. As units rotate or leave the
AO, diligent database maintenance is required to accurately reflect
assignments to efficiently use the electromagnetic spectrum. The
spectrum manager ensures that spectrum remains available for key

A-8 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Electromagnetic Spectrum Management Operations

military systems while at the same time negotiating for commercial

spectrum for post, camp, or station operations such as the land mobile
radio or security systems.
A-19. The spectrum manager must work closely with the G-2/S-2
and G-3/S-3 to coordinate electronic warfare planning and execution
including publication of the Joint Restricted Frequency List. Once the
resources have been allotted, the spectrum manager will assign
frequencies to all emitters in the AO to include those for the network.
A-20. The spectrum manager will work with the appropriate
network manager to assist in the frequency engineering of the network
(for example, LOS radio shots and building and publishing the division
CEOI). Due to the scarcity of spectrum in certain situations, it may be
necessary for the G-6/S-6 to make recommendations to the commander
concerning the prioritization of spectrum assignments.

Sustainment Training
A-21. The skills associated with spectrum management software
are highly perishable. The G-6/S-6 must secure access to the SIPRNET
for the spectrum manager to properly operate Spectrum XXI for
training and operational exercises. Failure to have access to the
SIPRNET will limit the use of Spectrum XXI as a stand-alone client
and hinder its effectiveness as the spectrum manager’s primary tool.

Note. The G-6/S-6 must ensure regular training and use

of the software to maintain proficiency.

SPECTRUM VIOLATION
A-22. It is critical that all levels of command understand the
inherent risk of violating the rules of proper spectrum management. In
many cases, a radio signal is all that connects a Soldier, platoon, or
company to safety by providing SA or available support. In the past,
bootlegging a frequency only affected the communications network.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 A-9

Appendix A

However, today that practice can have first order, and in many cases,
second and third order effects that are undesirable on other systems.
A-23. Emitters that are turned on in a geographic AO without the
proper clearance and certification have the same affect as bootlegging a
frequency. Some of the effects of these actions have included the
crashing of a multi-million dollar unmanned aircraft system and lack of
communications between elements during critical situations.

A-10 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Appendix B

Army Battle Command System

The ABCS (V) 6.4 is a core set of common

support software that is commonly run on a
CHS, a specialized workstation, or a COTS
laptop. These integrated information systems
allow commanders and their staff access to real
or near-real time information in the full
spectrum of military operations. This appendix
describes the key fielded and developmental
information systems available to forces under
the ABCS.

ABCS INTRODUCTION
B-1. ABCS is a collection of information systems that provides
commanders and staffs with SA, situational understanding, and the
capability to exchange necessary information across echelons and
warfighting functions during full spectrum operations. Each system
plays a critical part in planning, preparing for, executing and assessing
operations. ABCS automates the combat business process during the
prosecution of well known and rehearsed staff battle drills. These battle
drills and systems provide TOCs the ability to analyze, coordinate,
direct, and synchronize combat operations during maneuver operations.
The Battle Command Common Services platform employs a publish-
and-subscribe data dissemination service to enable the exchange of
information between different systems, as well as business enterprise
services to enable dissemination of knowledge beyond the boundaries
of ABCS clients. The following paragraphs describe the systems that
comprise ABCS and Figure B-1 depicts the ABCS.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 B-1

Appendix B

Figure B-1. The Army battle command system

TACTICAL BATTLE COMMAND

B-2. Tactical Battle Command consists of the Maneuver Control
System and CPOF.

Maneuver Control System

B-3. The Maneuver Control System allows commanders and staffs to
visualize the operational environment and synchronize the elements of
combat power for successful execution of combat operations. The
Maneuver Control System also serves as the primary system to
integrate and manage data from supporting ABCS systems onto a
single map display to create a user-defined common operating picture.
It provides the planning tools to support and manage deliberate mission
planning and to produce and disseminate orders. It also provides Army

B-2 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Army Battle Command System

engineer and joint chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear tools

to support planning, execution and management of engineer and
chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear missions and tasks.

Command Post of the Future

B-4. CPOF) is a decision support system that provides SA and
collaborative tools to key leaders and staff. CPOF integrates
information from the ABCS and other systems to provide a continuous
and near real-time common operating picture to the commander and
staff to enable map-centric visualization of planning and significant
operational activities.

GLOBAL COMMAND AND CONTROL

SYSTEM-ARMY
B-5. The GCCS-A provides the link for the ABCS to the Global
Command and Control System. The GCCS-A provides a common
operating picture and associated friendly and enemy status information
and provides force employment planning and execution tools. These
include receipt of forces, intra-theater planning, readiness, force
tracking, onward movement, and execution status. GCCS-A is not
ordinarily found below division level.

ALL SOURCE ANALYSIS

SYSTEM/DISTRIBUTED COMMON
GROUND SYSTEM-ARMY
B-6. The All Source Analysis System (ASAS) is an intelligence fusion
system that provides a timely, accurate, and relevant picture of the
enemy situation. It provides graphic representations of the enemy
situation to ABCS and provides all source intelligence to support
development of the common operating picture. It also supports
management of intelligence, surveillance assets, intelligence collection,
provision of electronic warfare support, and the protection warfighting
function. The All Source Analysis System interoperates with organic

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 B-3

Appendix B

intelligence and electronic warfare sensors; joint, theater, and national

sensors; and preprocessors as well as other services’ intelligence
processors.
B-7. ASAS will be replaced by the Distributed Common Ground
System-Army (DCGS-A). DCGS-A provides distributed intelligence,
surveillance, and reconnaissance information to Army and Joint and
multinational forces. DCGS-A is used to perform planning,
management, control and tasking (for some sensors), processing,
displaying, and dissemination functions, providing a robust
interoperability capability. It will empower the commanders, decision-
makers, and analysts with intelligence, surveillance, and
reconnaissance information and fused products at all echelons.
B-8. DCGS-A will deliver state-of-the-art imagery intelligence, signals
intelligence, measurement and signatures intelligence, human
intelligence, all source, and fusion capabilities. DCGS-A enables
commanders to achieve situational understanding by leveraging
multiple sources of data, information, and intelligence.

BATTLE COMMAND SUSTAINMENT

SUPPORT SYSTEM
B-9. The Battle Command Sustainment Support System is the
maneuver sustainment C2 system that provides a concise picture of unit
sustainment requirements and support capabilities. It connects and
supports the logistician by integrating the logistics common picture and
in-transit visibility, enabling the view of material in the logistics
pipeline. It exchanges information with ABCS and joint systems.

AIR AND MISSILE DEFENSE PLANNING

AND CONTROL SYSTEM
B-10. The Air and Missile Defense Workstation is the C2
component of the Air and Missile Defense Planning and Control
System. It is a digitized tool for monitoring and managing air and
missile defense plan with the ground scheme of maneuver. It is used to

B-4 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Army Battle Command System

integrate sensors, air defense fire units, and CPs from the air defense
artillery battery through theater echelons. The Air and Missile Defense
Workstation is used to display air and missile defense plans and air SA
to ABCS and commanders at all echelons.

ADVANCED FIELD ARTILLERY

TACTICAL DATA SYSTEM
B-11. The Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System is a fire
support planning, coordinating, and controlling system that provides
for counter-fire, interdiction, and suppression of enemy targets. It
provides integrated support for all fire support assets including field
artillery, mortars, close air support, naval gunfire, and attack helicopter.
The Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System displays fire
support systems, target types, command guidance, available munitions,
and weapons status so that informed decisions may be made based on
the commander’s guidance.

FORCE XXI BATTLE COMMAND,

BRIGADE AND BELOW
B-12. FBCB2 provides increased SA to the commander by
depicting an accurate and automatic view of friendly force, enemy
forces, obstacles, and known battlefield hazards. FBCB2 supports
OPCON through the transmission and receipt of orders, reports, and
data. FBCB2 uses two forms of communications means: terrestrial and
satellite. FBCB2 terrestrial uses EPLRS and, to a lesser extent,
SINCGARS to exchange data and provide SA. FBCB2 satellite, known
as BFT, shares SA with terrestrial units and ABCS systems that use
reachback tunnels found in regional operation centers. Terrestrial- and
satellite-based FBCB2s are interoperable and allow the exchange of SA
between them. Approximately 70 percent of the forces employ BFT
with terrestrial-based FBCB2 used by 30 percent of the forces.
B-13. FBCB2 is a mission essential sub-element and a key
component of ABCS. It is also interoperable with the maneuver control
system, ASAS, Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System, air and
17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 B-5
Appendix B

missile defense workstation, and Battle Command Sustainment Support

System. FBCB2 will feed the ABCS common database with automated
positional friendly information and current tactical battlefield geometry
for friendly and known/suspected enemy forces. Common hardware
and software design will facilitate training and SOP.

TACTICAL AIRSPACE INTEGRATION

SYSTEM
B-14. The Tactical Airspace Integration System (TAIS) is a
digitized, integrated, and automated system that provides Army
airspace C2 and air traffic services. The TAIS links the air defense and
airspace management cell to the joint force air component
commander’s theater battle management core systems for Army
airspace integration into the joint fight. The TAIS also interfaces with
civil airspace control agencies and provides input to ABCS.

DIGITAL TOPOGRAPHIC SUPPORT

SYSTEM
B-15. The Digital Topographic Support System provides
automated support for terrain mapping and analysis, and creation of
topographic products. It provides on screen and hard copy terrain
analysis products that include on and off road mobility maps,
concealment maps, on road choke point maps, and tactical
fording/bridging maps. The Digital Topographic Support System is
ordinarily found at the corps through brigade level. Digital
Topographic Support System geospatial and topographic capabilities
will be provided as a capability within DCGS-A when it is fielded.

INTEGRATED METEOROLOGICAL
SYSTEM
B-16. The Integrated Meteorological System provides an
automated weather system to receive, process, and disseminate weather
observations, forecasts, and weather and environmental effects decision

B-6 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Army Battle Command System

aids from the corps through brigade level. The Integrated

Meteorological System processes and collates forecasts, observations,
and climatological data to produce timely and accurate weather
products tailored to the commander’s needs. It is able to analyze and
graphically display the impact of current and projected weather
conditions on friendly and enemy capabilities. Integrated
Meteorological System weather capabilities will be provided as a
capability within DCGS-A when it is fielded.

ISYSCON (V)4, TACTICAL INTERNET

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
B-17. The ISYSCON (V)4 provides the tactical Army commander,
G-6/S-6 officer, and signal staff an automated system to support LANs
and CNR-based WANs. CNR consists of EPLRS, wideband
networking waveform radios, SINCGARS, and SATCOM.
Specifically, the ISYSCON (V)4 will support initialization and
management of critical information devices. The ISYSCON (V)4 will
support information operations and automation in support of combat
forces, their weapon systems, and the other related automated systems.
The ISYSCON (V)4 will provide LAN management services for LANs
at all echelons from theater through maneuver battalions. LAN
management includes the planning, configuring, and fault management
for all network devices located on each LAN.

BATTLE COMMAND COMMON SERVICES

B-18. The Battle Command Common Services platform is a
collection of server hardware and software application that provides the
core ABCS interoperability services and the infrastructure necessary to
employ enterprise-class services and an objective service-oriented
architecture. BCCS provides TOCs at multiple echelons a localized
network directory, access control and other services to an expanding
array of ABCS and non-ABCS systems (collaboration servers,
databases, file servers, websites, email, etc.) and networks that are
operated either in a standalone configuration or as part of the GIG.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 B-7

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Appendix C

Signal Military Occupational

Specialties

As the Army transforms to a modular force, our

deployed forces become more dependent on
information passed over the network. Signal
communications Soldiers and information
systems Soldiers must provide the
communication services required to accomplish
the mission. This appendix provides an overview
of the signal enlisted and officer branches
MOSs.

ENLISTED MILITARY OCCUPATIONAL

SPECIALTIES
C-1. The enlisted signal MOS (25 career management field) covers a
vast area of communications equipment. Depending on the MOS,
enlisted signal Soldiers are trained to install, operate, and maintain
strategic and tactical communications and information equipment.
Signal Soldiers can train and work on equipment such as—
z Digital group multiplexer.
z COTS equipment (for example, IP routers, PROMINA switches).
z Tri/Quad band SATCOM.
z WIN-T.
z High capacity LOS.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 C-1

Appendix C

z Tactical radios (for example, AN/PRC-150, Joint Tactical Radio

System, SINCGARS, and multiband inter/intra team radio).
z FBCB2 and EPLRS.

SIGNAL REGIMENT OFFICER AREA OF

CONCENTRATION
C-2. The Signal Corps is a basic branch of the Army. Signal officers
lead Soldiers and units that provide and manage communications and
information systems support for the C2 of combined arms forces.
Signal support includes NETOPS, IA, information dissemination
management, network management, and management of the
electromagnetic spectrum. Signal support encompasses all aspects of
designing, installing, maintaining, and managing information networks
to include communications links, computers, and other components of
LANs and WANs.
C-3. Signal support also includes the integration of user-owned and –
operated systems into the networks. Signal forces plan, install, operate,
and maintain voice and data communications networks that employ
single and multi-channel satellite, TROPO, terrestrial microwave,
switching, messaging, video-teleconferencing, visual information, and
other related systems. They integrate tactical, strategic, and sustaining
base communications and information processing and management
systems into a seamless global information network that supports
knowledge dominance for Army, joint, and multinational operations.

SIGNAL WARRANT OFFICERS

C-4. Signal warrant officers are adaptive technical experts, leaders,
trainers, and advisors who provide technical leadership and advice in
planning and directing NETOPS communications, and IA at all levels
of command from sustaining military bases to forward-deployed
fighting forces in support of Army, joint, combined, and multinational
operations worldwide. Signal warrant officer MOSs include 255Z
Senior Signal Systems Technician; 250N Network Operations
Technician; 251A Information Systems Technician; and 254A Signal
C-2 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009
Signal Military Occupational Specialties

Systems Support Technician. DA PAM 600-3 contains a

comprehensive professional development guide for signal warrant
officers.
Note. DA PAM 611-21 contains a comprehensive guide
to all MOSs, to include areas of concentration, duty
descriptions (by grade), and standards of grade tables.
DA PAM 611-21 can be accessed through
the Army G-1 Web site on AKO at
https://smartbook.armyg1.pentagon.mil/default.aspx,
which is updated with current changes (refer to Figure
C-1 for an example of the Web site page).

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 C-3

Appendix C

Figure C-1. DA PAM 611-21 Web site page

C-4 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Appendix D

Signal Annex of an OPORD

The signal leader is responsible for paragraph 5

and the signal annex of an OPORD. This
appendix has outlines of paragraph 5 and a
signal annex of an OPORD.
PARAGRAPH FIVE OF AN OPERATION
ORDER
D-1. Figure D-1 outlines two examples of paragraph 5 of an
OPORD (command and signal).
Outline One

5. COMMAND AND SIGNAL.

a. Command. State the map coordinates for command post locations and at least one
future location for each command post. Identify the chain of command if not addressed in
unit SOPs.
b. Signal. List signal instructions not specified in unit SOPs. Identify the specific signal
operating instructions edition in effect, required reports and formats, and times the reports
are submitted.

Outline Two

5. COMMAND AND SIGNAL.

a. Command.
• State the location of key functional area leaders.
• Designate a functional area chain of command and succession of command.
• Designate a headquarters to control the effort within functional area work lines
on an area basis.
• List command posts and other C2 facilities and their locations.
b. Signal.
• State edition number of SOI in effect. Do not write “current SOI in effect.”
• Describe the nets to monitor for reports.
• Designate critical functional area reporting requirements.

Figure D-1. OPORD paragraph 5, command and signal

outline
17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 D-1
Appendix D

SIGNAL ANNEX FOR AN OPERATION

ORDER
D-2. Figure D-2 is an outline of a signal annex of an OPORD.

D-2 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Signal Annex of an OPORD

[Classification]

Include heading if annex distributed separately from base OPLAN/OPORD.

ANNEX H (COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATION, and COMPUTER OPERATIONS)
TO OPERATION ORDER NO ## [code name]—[issuing headquarters]
1. SITUATION.
a. Enemy forces. Refer to annex B, appendix 1-Intelligence estimate. Also provide enemy
capability and activity by describing enemy capabilities that may affect communications systems.
b. Friendly forces.
• Primary communications gateways providing connectivity to higher, lower, and adjacent units.
• Critical communications security measures required to counter expected enemy EW capabilities
and protect C2 systems.
• External communications assets that augment signal support unit capabilities.
c. Environment. In separate subparagraphs list all critical terrain, weather, and civil considerations
that would impact C4 operations. Refer to appropriate annexes as required.
d. Attachments and detachments.
2. MISSION. State the computers and information systems operations mission in support of this
operation.
3. EXECUTION.
a. Scheme of signal support operations.
(1) Describe the concept of signal operations, including primary and back-up systems supporting
critical C2 networks.
(2) Outline the plan for extending C2 systems by each phase of the operation.
(3) List critical links between tactical and strategic communications systems.
(4) Identify critical limitations of organic signal support assets. Define limitations of assets from
higher headquarters.
(5) State signal support tasks that all non-signal units must perform to accomplish missions and
tasks beyond normal requirements.
(6) State signal support priorities.
b. Tasks to subordinate units.
• Signal support tasks that maneuver elements must accomplish that the base OPLAN/OPORD
does not contain.
• Signal support tasks that signal units supporting maneuver elements are to accomplish only as
necessary to ensure unity of effort.
c. Coordinating instructions.
• Critical signal support instructions not already covered in the base OPLAN/OPORD.
• Key times or events critical to information systems and network control procedures.
• Army Battle Command System control procedures.
4. SERVICE SUPPORT.
5. COMMAND AND SIGNAL.
a. Identify C2 systems control hierarchy for the common user network.
b. Identify local area network control procedures for network administration and management.
c. Use appendixes to diagram any changes to standard communications networks.
ACKNOWLEDGE: (if distributed separately from base order).
[Authenticator’s last name]
[Authenticator’s rank]
APPENDIXES:
DISTRIBUTION: (if distributed separately from base order).

Figure D-2. Outline of a signal annex

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 D-3

This page intentionally left blank.
Appendix E

Maintenance

The Army’s transformation to a modular

structure has posed unique challenges for CE
maintenance. The inactivation of corps signal
brigades and division signal battalions resulted
in the loss of dedicated CE maintenance
sections. The corps, division, and brigade signal
companies do not contain dedicated CE
maintenance entities. The implementation of two
level maintenance and the proliferation of COTS
signal equipment have changed the way
maintenance is performed and the
responsibilities of signal Soldier. This appendix
describes the required CE maintenance structure
that enables two level maintenance policies and
to ensure communications and network
maintenance.

TWO LEVEL MAINTENANCE

E-1. The Army has transitioned from a four level maintenance structure
to a two level maintenance structure: field and sustainment. The
elimination of organic maintenance sections within signal units as a
part of modularity has combined with the implementation of the two
level maintenance policy to produce a unique maintenance
environment that presents a significant challenge to signal Soldiers.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 E-1

Appendix E

FIELD MAINTENANCE
E-2. Field maintenance generally combines the two levels formerly
known as organizational and direct support maintenance and focuses
on returning a failed system to an operational status. This is
accomplished by fault isolation and replacing the failed component
assembly or module on the system. These field maintenance
capabilities are also known as “replace forward” or “on system”
maintenance. The operator/maintainer 25 series signal Soldier performs
“on system” maintenance for communications and network systems
and devices. MOS 25U performs operator/maintainer level
maintenance for systems and devices that were identified as unit level
maintenance items under the old four level maintenance construct.

SUSTAINMENT MAINTENANCE
E-3. Sustainment maintenance focuses on repairing broken components
and end items “off system” and returning them to the supply system.
Military or civilian personnel perform this maintenance at echelons
above brigades. These two levels are also referred to as “replace
forward and repair rear”. Figure E-1 shows the two level maintenance
process flow. The operator/maintainers 25 series signal Soldiers
perform “on system” maintenance. MOS 94 series Soldiers will
perform “off systems” maintenance for communications and network
equipment.
E-4. The uniqueness of the signal equipment and the imperative of
maintaining the network, where downtime is measured in minutes does
not always support the process flow. The separation between operator
and maintainer is blurred and results in the 25 series
operator/maintainer performing equipment replacing tasks to maintain
the viability of the network. In addition, the proliferation of COTS
equipment in newly fielded systems such as the WIN-T Increment 1
suite of equipment has resulted in much of the maintenance and
equipment replacement necessitating the employment of civilian field
service representatives (CFSRs) to maintain equipment and systems
availability.

E-2 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Maintenance

Figure E-1. Two level maintenance process flow

NETWORK SYSTEMS MAINTENANCE

E-5. Army transformation presents challenges for signal leaders and
staff requiring greater coordination to ensure success of the network.
The challenge centers on the G-6, S-6, and division/brigade signal
company leadership. Overcoming the challenge requires working
through the organizational boundaries of the respective STB, and
brigades to sustain the LWN.

CE MAINTENANCE IN THE MANUEVER

BATTALION
E-6. The battalion S-6 is responsible for field level maintenance on
battalion CE systems. The S-6 works with the battalion S-4 and
supporting forward support company to provide a comprehensive
maintenance plan that is incorporated into the unit maintenance SOP.
This effort ensures that there are clearly understood procedures in place
to ensure a positive maintenance posture. The S-6 must also coordinate
with the S-4 and brigade S-6 for CFSR support as necessary.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 E-3

Appendix E

E-7. The Army modular transformation and the implementation of the

two level maintenance policy moved a 25U, Signal Support Systems
Maintainer from the battalion S-6 to the forward support company of
the brigade support battalion (BSB). These positions have been moved
back to the battalion S-6 sections. The 25U—
z Performs organizational level maintenance on unit
communications and electronic systems, remote control systems,
intercoms, and information systems. Troubleshoots to a defective
LRU/line replaceable module (LRM) unit communications and
electronic systems, COMSEC devices, remote control systems,
intercoms, and information systems. Replaces and evacuates to the
forward support company for repair faulty LRUs/LRMs on
communications and electronic systems, and information systems.
z Repairs and installs unit CE systems wiring and cabling.
z Installs and removes all unit vehicular and base station
communications, electronics, and information systems. This includes
installation kits, antennas, and cables on all platforms.
z Performs communications and electronic systems test using
appropriate test, measuring and diagnostic equipment (TMDE).
z Maintains TMDE calibration records.
z Manages and maintains battery inventory and charging systems.
z Orders and maintains bench stock.
z Applies all modification and directions such as technical bulletin
guidance.
E-8. Each maneuver battalion is supported by a forward support
company from the BSB to perform field level maintenance. The
forward support company has a maintenance platoon that repairs
automotive, armament, ground support, electronic, and missile
equipment. The forward support company focuses on LRUs using
combat spares from prescribed load list and shop stock. It has a service
and recovery section and performs battle damage assessment and
repair. The forward support company’s maintenance control section
uses unit level logistics system-ground to order repair parts. The

E-4 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

COMSEC MAINTENANCE
E-21. COMSEC equipment is evacuated through normal maintenance
channels to the BSB or the brigade signal company, if appropriate.
(Refer to TB 380-41 for information on procedures for safeguarding,
accounting and supply control of COMSEC material.)

CONTROLLED EXCHANGE
E-22. Controlled exchange is the removal of serviceable parts from an
item of non-mission capable equipment to install on another piece of
equipment that can be rendered mission capable more quickly or easily.
The BCT SOP may give battalion commanders the authority to direct
control exchanges as long as controlled substitutions are conducted
IAW AR 750-1, Chapters 4-9.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 E-9

COMMERCIAL-OFF-THE-SHELF EQUIPMENT
E-39. The proliferation of COTS equipment in new systems has
resulted in different procedures for maintenance than required for
standard Army equipment.
E-40. Common hardware system-3 (CHS-3) items as well as non-
CHS-3 items under warranty that are part of fielded systems such as
WIN-T Increment 1 are returned to the nearest regional support center
for repair/replacement. There are three regional support centers located
in CONUS, one in Germany and at other locations determined by
current operations.

E-14 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Maintenance

CE MAINTENANCE SCENARIOS
E-41. CE maintenance procedures and steps will differ based on
the type of equipment involved (COTS/CHS-3 or Army standard
equipment), local policies and SOPs, and METT-TC. The following
two scenarios are meant to illustrate the typical flow and route of
equipment and, while not all inclusive, provide a representative sample.

ARMY STANDARD EQUIPMENT

JOA joint operations area

JTF joint task force
JTF-GNO joint task force-global network operations
kbps kilobits per second
km kilometer
Kw kilowatt
LAN local area network
LEN large extension node
LF low frequency
LOS line of sight
LRM line replaceable module
LRU line replaceable unit
LWN LandWarNet
Mbps megabits per second
MC4 Medical Communications for Combat
Casualty Care
MCG mobile command group
MCO major combat operation
MDMP military decisionmaking process
MEB maneuver enhancement brigade
METT-TC mission, enemy, terrain and weather,
troops and support available, time
available and civil considerations

Glossary-6 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Glossary

MF medium frequency
MOS military occupational specialty
MRHN mobile regional hub node
MSE mobile subscriber equipment
NETCOM Network Enterprise Technology Command
NETOPS network operations
NIPRNET Non-Secure Internet Protocol Router
Network
NOC-V network operations center-vehicle
NOSC network operations security center
OCONUS outside continental United States
OPCON operational control
OPORD operation order
PACE primary, alternate, contingency,
emergency
PIP primary injection point
RCERT regional computer emergency repsonse
team
RCIO regional chief information officer
RFI request for information
S-1 personnel staff officer
S-2 intelligence staff officer
S-3 operations staff officer

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 Glossary-7

Glossary

S-4 logistics staff officer

S-6 network operations staff officer
SA situational awareness
SATCOM satellite communications
SBCT Stryker brigade combat team
SC(A) signal command (army)
SC(T) signal command (theater)
SEN small extension node
SHF super high frequency
SICPS Standardized Integrated Command Post
System
SINCGARS Single Channel Ground And Airborne
Radio System
SIPRNET SECRET Internet Protocol Router
Network
SMART-T secure, mobile, anti-jam, reliable tactical-
terminal
SOF special operations forces
SOP standing operating procedures
SPIRIT special purpose integrated remote
intelligence terminal
STB special troops battalion
SSIO signal systems integration and oversight
STEP standardized tactical entry point

Glossary

Operation Planning and Execution System concept development

phase and the course-of-action determination steps of the joint
operation planning process. (JP 5-0)
electromagnetic spectrum
(joint) The range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation from
zero to infinity. It is divided into 26 alphabetically designated
bands. (JP 1-02)
electromagnetic spectrum operations
Planning, operating, and coordinating joint use of the
electromagnetic spectrum through operational, planning, and
administrative procedures. The objective of electromagnetic
spectrum operations is to enable electronic systems to perform
their functions in the intended environment without causing or
suffering unacceptable frequency interference. (FMI 6-02.70)
electronic protection
(joint) Division of electronic warfare involving actions taken to
protect personnel facilities and equipment from any effects of
friendly or enemy use of the electromagnetic spectrum that
degrade, neutralize or destroy friendly combat capability. (JP 3-
13.1)
electronic warfare
(joint) Military action involving the use of electromagnetic and
directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to
attack the enemy. Electronic warfare consists of three divisions:
electronic attack, electronic protection, and electronic warfare
support. (JP 3-13.1)
electronic warfare support
(joint) Division of electronic warfare involving actions tasked by,
or under direct control of, an operational commander to search for,
intercept, identify, and locate or localize sources of intentional and
unintentional radiated electromagnetic energy for the purpose of
immediate threat recognition, targeting, planning, and conduct of
future operations. (JP 3-13.1)
Glossary-12 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009
Glossary

fragmentary order
(Army) A form of operation order that contains information of
immediate concern to subordinates. It is an oral, digital, or written
message that provides brief, specific, and timely instructions
without loss of clarity. It is issued after an operation order to
change or modify that order or to execute a branch or sequel to
that order. (FM5-0)
identification, friend or foe
(joint) A device that emits a signal positively identifying it as a
friendly. (JP 1-02)
information assurance
(joint) Measures that protect and defend information and
information systems by ensuring their availability, integrity,
authentication, confidentiality, and nonrepudiation. This includes
providing for restoration of information systems by incorporating
protection, detection, and reaction capabilities. (JP 3-13)
information dissemination management
Capability to provide a managed flow of relevant information
based on the command’s missions. (FM 3-13)
information system
(joint)The entire infrastructure, organization, personnel, and
components that collect, process, store, transmit, display,
disseminate, and act on information. (JP 1-02)
jamming
The deliberate radiation or reflection of electromagnetic energy to
prevent or degrade the receipt of information by a receiver. It
includes communications and noncommunications jamming. (FM
2-0)

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 Glossary-13

Glossary

line of sight
(joint) The unobstructed path from a Soldier/Marine, weapon,
weapon sight, electronic-sending and -receiving antennas, or piece
of reconnaissance equipment to another point. (FM 34-130)
multichannel
(joint) Pertaining to communications, usually full duplex, on more
than one channel simultaneously. Multichannel transmission may
be accomplished by either time-, frequency-, code-, and phase-
division multiplexing or space diversity. (JP 1-02)
near real time
(joint) Pertaining to the timeliness of data or information which
has been delayed by the time required for electronic
communication and automatic data processing. This implies that
there are no significant delays. (JP 1-02)
net (communications)
(joint) An organization of stations capable of direct
communications on a common channel or frequency. (JP 1-02)
net control station
(joint) A communications station designated to control traffic and
enforce circuit discipline within a given net. (JP 1-02)
Non-Secure Internet Protocol Router Network
Worldwide unclassified but sensitive packet switch network that
uses high-speed internet protocol routers and high-capacity
Defense Information Systems Network circuitry.

Glossary-14 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Glossary

operational environment
(joint) A composite of the conditions, circumstances, and
influences that affect the employment of military forces and bear
on the decisions of the unit commander. (JP 3-0)
request for information
(joint) 1. Any specific time-sensitive ad hoc requirement for
intelligence information or products to support an ongoing crisis or
operation not necessarily related to standing requirements or
scheduled intelligence production. A request for information can
be initiated to respond to operational requirements and will be
validated in accordance with the theater command’s procedures. 2.
The National Security Agency/Central Security Service uses this
term to state ad hoc signals intelligence requirements (JP 2-01)
sanctuary
(joint) A nation or area near or contiguous to the combat area that,
by tacit agreement between the warring powers, is exempt from
attack and therefore serves as a refuge for staging, logistic, or
other activities of the combatant powers. (JP 1-02)
SECRET Internet Protocol Router Network
(joint) The worldwide SECRET-level packet switch network that
uses high-speed internet protocol routers and high-capacity
Defense Information Systems Network circuitry. (JP 6-0)
signal
(joint) 1. As applied to electronics, any transmitted electrical
impulse. 2. Operationally, a type of message, the text of which
consists of one or more letters, words, characters, signal flags,
visual displays, or special sounds with prearranged meaning, and
which is conveyed or transmitted by visual, acoustical, or electrical
means. (JP 1-02)

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 Glossary-15

Glossary

signal operation instructions

(joint) A series of orders issued for technical control and
coordination of the signal communication activities of a command.
(JP 1-02)
signals intelligence
(joint) 1. A category of intelligence comprising either individually
or in combination all communications intelligence, electronic
intelligence, and foreign instrumentation signals intelligence,
however transmitted. 2. Intelligence derived from
communications, electronic, and foreign instrumentation signals.
(JP 2-0)

Glossary-16 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

References

SOURCES USED
These are the sources quoted or paraphrased in this publication.

ARMY PUBLICATIONS
AR 750-1. Army Material Maintenance Policy, 20 September
2007.
DA PAM 600-3. Commissioned Officer Professional
Development and Career Management, 11 December
2007.
DA PAM 611-21. Military Occupational Classification and
Structure, 22 January 2007.
FM 3-0. Operations, 27 February 2008.
FM 3-90.6. The Brigade Combat Team, 4 August 2006.
FM 3-90.61. The Brigade Special Troops Battalion,
22 December 2006.
FM 4-30.3. Maintenance Operations and Procedures, 28 July
2004.
FM 5-0. Army Planning and Orders Productions, 20 January
2005.
FM 6-0. Mission Command: Command and Control of Army
Forces, 11 August 2003.
FM 6-02.40. Visual Information Operations, 10 March 2009.
FMI 3-0.1. The Modular Force, 28 January 2008.
FMI 5-0.1. The Operations Process, 31 March 2006.
FMI 6-02.45. Signal Support to Theater Operations, 5 July
2007.

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 References-1

References

FMI 6-02.60. Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for the

Joint Network Node-Network (JNN-N), 5 September
2006.
FMI 6-02.70. Army Electromagnetic Spectrum Management
Operations, 5 September 2006.
TB 380-41. (O)Security: Procedures for Safeguarding,
Accounting, and Supply Control of COMSEC
Material, 15 March 2006.

JOINT PUBLICATIONS
Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996, Title 40. 10 February 1996.
DOD Directive 8100.1. Management of the Department of
Defense Information Enterprise, 27 February 2002.

DOCUMENTS NEEDED
These documents must be available to the intended user of this
publication.
DA Form 2028. Recommended Changes to Publications and
Blank Forms.
DA Forms are available on the APD web site
(www.apd.army.mil).

References-2 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Index
Army command, 1-21, 1-22, 1-
A 23, 1-24, 1-25,
4-41
ACERT, 4-8, 4-9, 1-27, 1-28, 1-
4-24 Army forces, 1-9, 29, 1-30, 1-31,
1-22, 1-32, 1- 1-32, 1-33, 1-
A-GNOSC, 4-7, 33, 1-37, 1-44,
4-8, 4-9 38, 1-41, 1-42,
3-9 1-43, 1-45, 2-1,
All Source ASCC, 4-1, 4-4, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4,
Analysis 4-7, 4-17, 4-18, 2-5, 2-6, 2-7,
System, B-3, 4-19, 4-22, 4- 2-8, 2-9, 2-10,
B-4, B-5 24, 4-25, 4-40, 2-11, 2-14, 2-
area of 4-49 15, 2-17, 2-18,
operations, 1- assistant chief of 3-5, 3-6, 3-9,
4, 1-5, 1-9, 1- staff, 3-10, 3-11, 5-1,
10, 1-22, 1-23, command, 5-5, 6-9, 6-14,
1-24, 1-27, 1- control, 6-15, A-3, A-4,
42, 1-43, 3-4, communication A-6, A-9, B-7,
3-10, 5-9, 6-12, s, and E-3, E-10, E-
A-1, A-4, A-8, computer 11, E-14
A-9, E-14 operations, 1- assistant chief of
Armed Forces 21 staff,
Health assistant chief of operations, 1-
Longitudinal staff, 17, 1-21, 1-22,
Technology information 1-23, 1-28, 1-
Application, 6- operations, 1- 41, 1-42, 1-43,
6, 6-7, 6-8 22, 1-42 3-5, 3-10, 4-45,
Army Battle A-9
assistant chief of
Command staff, assistant chief of
System, 1-5, 1- intelligence, 1- staff,
10, 1-23, 1-42, 22, 1-42, 6-9, personnel, 1-
6-3, 6-16, 6-17, A-9 23, 1-43
B-1, B-2, B-3, automated
B-4, B-5, B-6, assistant chief of
staff, network communication
B-8 s engineering
operations, 1-
7, 1-9, 1-10, 1- software, A-6,
11, 1-17, 1-20, A-8

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 Index-1

Index

B combat service commander’s

BCT, 4-19, 4-31, support, 1-18, critical
4-34, 4-48, 4- 6-3, 6-4 information
50 combat service requirements,
support 1-3
beyond line of
sight, 1-4, 1- automated commercial-off-
12, 1-14, 1-15, information the-shelf, 1-29,
1-35 systems 6-17, A-6, B-1,
interface, 6-3, C-1, E-1, E-2,
BLOS, 4-38 6-4 E-13, E-14, E-
Blue Force combatant 15
Tracking, 1-3, command, 4-6, communications
6-2, B-5 4-18, 4-19, 4- security, 1-5, 1-
brigade combat 22, 4-40, 4-50 9, 1-32, 1-44,
team, 1-1, 1-4, combatant 1-45, 2-2, 2-3,
1-7, 1-11, 1-12, commander, 4- 2-19, 4-21, E-
1-13, 1-14, 1- 5 4, E-5, E-9, E-
31, 3-4, 3-9, 3- 11, E-13
10, 3-12, 6-17, command and
control, 4-43 communications-
E-7, E-8, E-9, electronics, 4-
E-10 command post 45
brigade special node, 1-3, 1-4,
5-1, 5-4, 5-8, communications-
troops electronics
battalion, 1-11 5-10
operating
brigade support command post of instructions, 2-
battalion, E-4, the future, 6- 19, A-6, A-8,
E-5, E-6, E-8, 17, B-3 A-9
E-9, E-10 command, computer network
control, defense, 1-3,
C communication 1-5, 1-11, 1-31,
CIO, 4-4, 4-5, 4- s, and 1-43, 3-7
6, 4-7, 4-19, 4- computer
25 operations COMSEC, 1-5, 4-
directorate of a 11, 4-15, 4-16,
combat camera, 4-17, 4-18, 4-
4-43, 4-44, 4- joint staff, 1-11,
1-22, 1-45, 1- 19, 4-22
45, 4-46, 4-47
46, 3-5, 3-10, contemporary
combat net 4-20, 4-21 operational
radio, 1-4, 6-2, environment,
A-4, B-7 4-10

Index-2 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Index

course of action, DRSN, 4-40 2, B-5, B-6, C-

1-2, 2-4, 2-5, 2, E-9
2-6, 2-7, 2-8, E
fragmentary
2-9, 2-10, 2-11 electromagnetic order, 1-17, 1-
CPN, 4-37, 4-38 spectrum 21, 3-5, 3-10
operations, 1-
D 3, 1-5, 1-7, 1-9, frequency division
1-11, 1-21, 1- multiple
Defense Imagery access, 1-35,
Management 22, 1-28, 1-41,
1-42, 4-21, A- 1-36, 5-3, 5-4,
Operations 5-6, 5-7
Center, 4-43 1, A-2
Defense Enhanced G
Information Position GIG, 4-1, 4-3, 4-
System Location 4, 4-6, 4-7, 4-
Agency, 5-5 Reporting 11, 4-12, 4-21
System, 1-14,
Defense 1-17, 2-19, 5-9, Global Broadcast
Information 6-2, B-5, B-7, System, 1-27,
Systems C-2 6-9, 6-10, 6-11,
Network, 1-36, 6-12, 6-13, 6-
5-6 ESB, 4-2, 4-28, 4- 14, 6-15
33, 4-34, 4-35,
Defense 4-36, 4-38, 4- Global Command
Switched 39, 4-41 and Control
Network, 4-45 System-Army,
ESTA, 4-7 6-17
Department of
Defense, 4-47 expeditionary Global
signal Information
Department of battalion, 5-5,
Defense Grid, 1-24, 1-
5-10, E-13 27, 1-28, 1-29,
directive, 4-47
F 1-30, 1-35, 1-
DHS, 4-2, 4-3
43, , 3-1, 3-2,
digital visual fixed regional hub 3-3, 3-6, 3-8,
imagery node, 3-8, 3-9, 3-9, 3-12, 5-1,
distribution 3-12, 5-4, 5-5, 5-2, 5-4, 5-5,
system, 6-8 5-7 B-8, E-12
DISA, 4-16, 4-24 Force XXI Battle
Command H
DISN, 4-24, 4-40
Brigade and HQDA, 4-4, 4-7,
DNS, 4-9, 4-49 Below, 5-9, 6- 4-9, 4-26, 4-31
DOIM, 4-31

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 Index-3

Index

I Operating L
IA, 4-7, 4-9, 4-15, System, A-6 LandWarNet, 1-
4-20, 4-24 Joint Chiefs of 24, 4-1, 4-2, 4-
information Staff, 4-43, 4- 3, 4-4, 4-6, 4-7,
assurance, 1-3, 47 4-8, 4-9, 4-10,
1-5, 1-10, 1-11, Joint Force, 4-3, 4-11, 4-12, 4-
1-22, 1-27, 1- 4-33 13, 4-18, 4-19,
29, 1-31, 1-42, joint network, 4-20, 4-21, 4-
1-430, 3-6, 3-7, 4-3, 4-34 24, 4-25, 4-30,
4-21, 5-6, C-2 4-31, 4-48
Joint Force Land
information Component large extension
superiority, 4-1 Command, 1- node, 5-12, 5-
37, 1-42, 1-44, 13, 5-14
Integrated
System 3-10 line of sight, 1-14,
Control, 5-12, joint network 1-15, 1-35
5-13, A-6, A-8, node, 1-14, 1- line-of-sight, 2-23,
B-7 15, 1-29, 1-35, 2-24, 2-25, 5-2,
intelligence staff 2-8, 5-1, 5-2, 5-8, 5-9, 5-11,
officer, 1-5, 1- 5-3, 5-4, 5-8, 5-12, 5-13, 5-
10, 2-5, 6-9, A- 5-9, 5-10, 6-5 14, 6-4, A-6, A-
9 Joint Network 9, C-1
ITSB, 4-33, 4-34, Node-Network, local area
4-41 5-1, 5-3 network, 1-2,
joint operations 1-5, 1-10, 1-14,
J area, 1-20 1-30, 5-3, 6-4,
JNCC, 4-19, 4-24 6-15, B-7
joint task force, 1-
JNN, 4-34, 4-37 22, 1-23, 1-28, logistics staff
1-32, 1-33, 1- officer, 6-4, E-
JNTC-S, 4-35
37, 1-42, 1-44, 3, E-5, E-6, E-
Joint Automated 1-45, 1-46, 3-5, 9, E-10
Communicatio 3-10, 4-43, 4-
ns Electronics M
47
Operating maneuver
Instructions Joint Visual
enhancement
System, A-6, Information
brigade, 1-12
A-8 Service
Distribution maneuver
Joint Automated Activity, 4-43 enhancement
Communicatio brigade, 1-15
ns-Electronics

Index-4 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Index

Medical NETOPS, 4-6, 4- 2-5, 2-6, 2-7,

Communicatio 7, 4-8, 4-11, 4- 2-8, 2-9, 2-10,
ns for Combat 19, 4-25, 4-48, 2-11, 2-14, 2-
Casualty Care, 4-49, 4-50 15, 2-16, 2-17,
6-5, 6-6, 6-7 Network 2-18, 3-5, 3-6,
messaging Enterprise 3-9, 3-10, 3-11,
systems Technology 5-1, 5-9, 6-9,
DMS, 4-15, 4- Command, 4- 6-15, A-3, A-4,
40 47 A-9, B-7, E-3,
E-4, E-5, E-6,
military decision- network E-7, E-14
making operations, 1-
process, 1-2, 5, 1-9, 1-17, 1- network
1-3, 2-1, 2-18, 23, 1-24, 1-29, operatons staff
3-5 1-30, 1-33, 1- officer, 1-3
military 35, 1-42, 1-43, network support,
occupational 3-2, 3-4, 3-6, 4-2, 4-3, 4-18,
specialty, 1-6, 3-8, 3-9, 3-10, 4-28, 4-39
6-6, C-1, E-2 3-11, 3-12, 4- networks, 4-2, 4-
20, 5-5, C-2 3, 4-4, 4-7, 4-8,
mobile subscriber
equipment, 2- Network 4-16
24, 5-1, 5-2, 5- Operations and strategic, 4-19
3, 5-5, 5-9, 5- Security tactical, 4-2, 4-
11, 5-12, 5-13, Center, 1-9, 1- 9, 4-19, 4-
5-14 17, 1-21, 1-30, 49
1-31, 1-32, 1- NIPRNET, 4-40
modular army, 4- 43, 1-44
1, 4-3, 4-33, 4- Non-Secure
34, 4-38, 4-48 network Internet
operations Protocol
MSE, 4-33 directorate of a Router
N joint staff, 1-42, Network, 1-4,
1-45 1-29, 1-36, 5-2,
NATO, 4-25, 4-31
network 5-6, 6-3, 6-7
NETCOM, 4-1, 4- operations staff
4, 4-5, 4-6, 4-7, officer, 1-3, 1- O
4-8, 4-9, 4-12, 4, 1-5, 1-6, 1-7, Office of the
4-13, 4-21, 4- 1-9, 1-10, 1-11, Secretary of
22, 4-26, 4-27, 1-12, 1-17, 1- Defense, 4-41,
4-28, 4-31, 4- 18, 1-46, 2-1, 4-43
32, 4-39 2-2, 2-3, 2-4,

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 Index-5

Index

operation order, S SIPRNET, 4-40

1-27, 2-1, 2-9, satellite situational
2-16, 2-17, 2- communication awareness, 4-
18, 2-19, 3-5, s, 1-3, 1-15, 1- 19
D-1, D-2, E-9 36, 2-18, 2-19, small extension
operations 3-12, 5-6, 5-10, node, 5-13
full spectrum 6-2, 6-3, B-7,
operations, special troops
C-1
4-35 battalion, 1-24,
Secret Internet 1-33, 1-37, 1-
information Protocol
operations, 43, 1-46, E-3
Router
4-20 Standardized
Network, 1-4,
operations staff Integrated
1-29, 1-36, 5-2, Command Post
officer, 1-4, 1- 5-6, 6-7, 6-14,
5, 1-6, 1-7, 1- System, 6-16,
A-7, A-9 6-17
10, 1-11, 1-17,
secure, mobile, standing
2-3, 2-7, 2-19,
anti-jam, operating
3-10, 4-45, 5-5,
reliable procedures, 1-
A-9
tactical- 3, 1-5, 1-9, 2-3,
P terminal, 1-15, 2-16, 2-17, B-
1-35, 5-2, 5-10 6, E-3, E-9
personnel
directorate of a Service Theater STEP, 4-8
joint staff, 1-45 Network
Operations and super high
primary injection frequency, 2-
Security
point, 6-11 22, 5-14
Center, 1-11,
primary, 1-22, 1-31, 1-
alternate,
T
32, 1-42, 1-43,
contingency, 1-44 tactical command
emergency, 2- post, 1-14, 1-
signal command 18, 1-19, 1-20,
8
(Army), 4-47 1-24, 1-29, 1-
R Single Channel 33, 1-35, 1-36,
RCIO, 4-27 Ground and 1-37, 1-38, 2-9,
Airborne Radio 2-15, 5-14
reachback, 4-2,
System, 1-17, tactical hub node,
4-3, 4-6
1-36, 2-9, 5-9, 3-8, 3-9, 5-4,
request for 6-2, A-2, B-5,
information, 2- 5-5, 5-6, 5-7,
B-7, C-2, E-15 5-8
3

Index-6 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Index

tactical TOC, 4-8 visual information

operations Tri-Service documentation,
center, 2-8, 2- Tactical, 5-1, 4-41
15, 2-17, 5-9 5-5, 5-9, 5-14 VTC, 4-24, 4-40
tactical satellite, TROPO, 4-33, 4-
2-2, 2-9, 2-19, W
38
5-12, 5-14, 6-2 warning order, 2-
tropospheric, 5-2 1, 2-2, 2-4, 2-6,
telecommunicatio
ns service tropospheric 2-9, 2-15, 2-18
order, 3-10 scatter, 5-12, wide area
5-14, C-2 network, 1-10,
teleport facilities,
4-8, 4-16 TTSB, 4-28, 4-29, 1-42, 5-13, 6-
4-32, 4-34, 4- 15
theater of 41
operations, 4- WIN-T, 4-35
5, 4-24, 4-28, U wireless network
4-30 ultra high extension, 1-
time division frequency, 2- 12, 1-14, 2-4,
multiple 22, 5-13, 5-14, 2-5, 2-11, 2-14,
access, 1-30, 6-12 2-15, 2-19, 2-
1-35, 1-36, 5-3, 23
uninterruptible
5-4, 5-6, 5-7, power supply,
5-8 2-28, 5-11
TIN, 4-39, 4-40, United States, 4-
4-41, 4-42 44, 4-47
TNCC, 4-19
V
TNOSC, 4-8, 4-9,
4-20, 4-22, 4- very small
24, 4-48, 4-49, aperture
4-50, 4-51, 4- terminal, 1-27,
52 5-10, 6-3, 6-4
TIC, 4-48, 4- VI
49, 4-50, 4- documentation,
51, 4-52 4-41
TLT, 4-50, 4- visual
51, 4-52 information, 4-
TNT, 4-48, 4- 41, 4-43, 4-45
51, 4-52
TNT, 4-48

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 Index-7

This page intentionally left blank.
FM 6-02.43
17 March 2009

By order of the Secretary of the Army:

GEORGE W. CASEY, JR.

General, United States Army
Chief of Staff

Official:

JOYCE E. MORROW
Administrative Assistant to the
Secretary of the Army
0906205

DISTRIBUTION:
Active Army, Army National Guard, and US Army Reserve: To
be distributed in accordance with the initial distribution number
115998 required for FM 6-02.43
PIN: 085426-000

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FM 6-02.

SIGNAL SOLDIER’S GUIDE

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release;

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SIGNAL SOLDIER’S GUIDE

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release;

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 i

Signal Company Commanders ..............................1-17

ii FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Chapter 4 THEATER OPERATIONS ............................................. 4-1

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 iii

Appendix A ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT

iv FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Figure 2-4. Sample LOS study .................................. 2-24

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 v

Figure D-1. OPORD paragraph 5, command and

vi FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Note. As of June 2007, the Joint Network Node-

The proponent of this publication is the United States Army Training

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 vii

Send comments and recommendations on Department of the Army

viii FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 ix

Signal Soldier’s Roles and

The Army’s transformation to a modular force

SIGNAL SOLDIER RESPONSIBILITIES TO

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-1

 Identifies specified and implied tasks.

 Identifies key facts and assumptions.

 Performs intelligence preparation of the battlefield.

 Formulates the concepts of operations and support

friendly information to let their staff and subordinates know what

BATTALION S-6 OFFICER

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-3

1-6. As a principal staff officer, the battalion S-6 officer interacts

1-4 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

z Plans and coordinates with higher and lower headquarters

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-5

TRAINING READINESS RESPONSIBILITIES

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES SUPPORTING THE

BRIGADE S-6 OFFICER

1-6 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

communications and network requirements. The brigade S-6 officer

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-7

Figure 1-1. BCT S-6 staff organization

1-8 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-9

z Oversees COMSEC operations to include storage, management,

TRAINING READINESS RESPONSIBILITIES

1-10 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

z In coordination with the S-3, monitors and provides oversight for

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-11

z Deploys range extension assets to maintain connectivity and

BRIGADE SIGNAL COMPANY ORGANIZATION

1-12 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

Figure 1-2. BCT signal company organizational structure

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-13

Small Command Post Support Team(s)

NETWORK EXTENSION PLATOON

Joint Network Node Section

Wireless Network Extension, Enhanced Position Location

1-14 FM 6-02.43 17 March 2009

MODULAR SUPPORT BRIGADE SIGNAL COMPANIES

NETWORK EXTENSION PLATOON

Joint Network Node Section

17 March 2009 FM 6-02.43 1-15

Figure 1-3. Modular support brigades signal company

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RANGE EXTENSION PLATOON

SIGNAL COMPANY COMMANDERS

1-37. The signal company commander in a modular support

S-6 and the Combat Service Support Automation

DIVISION COMMAND AND CONTROL

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Identifies specified and implied tasks.

Identifies key facts and assumptions.

Performs intelligence preparation of the battlefield.

Formulates the concepts of operations and support