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Chapter 2

The document defines key biochemical terms like monosaccharides, disaccharides, metabolism, anabolism, and catabolism. It also lists the most frequently occurring elements in living organisms, including carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, iron, calcium, and sodium and potassium. These elements are essential components of macromolecules like proteins and nucleic acids, and are involved in processes like oxygen transport, bone formation, muscle contraction, and nerve impulse transmission.

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47 views1 page

Chapter 2

The document defines key biochemical terms like monosaccharides, disaccharides, metabolism, anabolism, and catabolism. It also lists the most frequently occurring elements in living organisms, including carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, iron, calcium, and sodium and potassium. These elements are essential components of macromolecules like proteins and nucleic acids, and are involved in processes like oxygen transport, bone formation, muscle contraction, and nerve impulse transmission.

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api-304486052
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Term Definition

Monosaccharides Glucose+Glucose—>Maltose
Glucose+Galactose->Lactose
Disaccharides Glucose+Fructose—>Sucrose
Metabolism All the chemical reactions occurring in living organisms

Anabolism The synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules including the
formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions

Catabolism The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the
hydrolysis of macromolecules`

Organic Compounds Contain carbon and found in living organisms

What are the most frequently occurring elements in living organisms


- Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
- Sulphur (Part of amino acids)
- Phosphorous (Formation of nucleic acids/phospholipids)
- Iron (Formation of haemoglobin and transport of oxygen)
- Calcium (Formation of bones, muscle contraction and synaptic transmission)
- Sodium/potassium (Nerve impulse transmission, pumps)


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