Table 3
Means, standard deviations, and d-values with confidence intervals
Variable M SD 1 2
1. High school
2.87 0.57
teacher
2. Multi-
2.67 0.77 -
occupational
[-,-]
3. Psychologist 2.49 0.64 0.63 -
[0.42, 0.84] [-,-]
Note. M and SD are used to represent mean and standard deviation, respectively. Values in square brackets indicate the 95%
confidence interval for each d-value The confidence interval is a plausible range of population d-values that could have caused the
sample d-value (Cumming, 2014). d-values are estimates calculated using formulas 4.18 and 4.19 from Borenstein, Hedges, Higgins,
& Rothstein (2009). d-values not calculated if unequal variances prevented pooling.