Scientific Name and Important marking Part used

Specimen English Name Vernacular Name Family (Botanical Major Constituents Uses
Origin)
sweetener, white odorless
Table Sugar, monosaccharides - preservative, crystalline / powdery
Sucrose Asukal
Saccharose glucose and fructose macronutrient (quick solid
source of energy)
Manna Ash or South Similar to wax. Branches
mannose, mannitol,
European Flowering Tubang-americano Fraxinus ornus Emetic (seed, oil) Dirty color yellow.
Manna Glucose (seed),
Ash (Euphobiaceae) Scabies (leaves) Looks like a coriander
Saponin (leaves)
seed.
Marine plant Leaf
Soothe mucus Carrageenan, raised tubercule
Gigartina mamilosa membranes and skin, mucilage, iodine, channelled fronds on
Gigartina mamillosa
(Gigartinaceae) bulk laxative, bromine, iron, and the thallus
thickening agent vitamins A and B

• the color of the Thalus

branches ranges
from light to dark
Irish moss or Demulcent, Bulk Carageenan
Chondrus crispus green, dark red,
Chondrus crispus Carrageenan moss Gulaman laxative, thickener and hydrocolloids,
(Gigartinaceae) purple, brown,
stabilizer Galactans
yellowish, and
white.

can be spun into Bark

thread, twine, or rope
Deeply furrowed
demulcent, tea, and
nutritional brownish red
supplement,
abordifacient

Sore throat, Cough,

Ulmus rubra Galactose, Rhamnose,
Elm Bark Slippery Elm, Red Elm Gastroesophogeal
(Ulmaceae) Galacturonic acid
reflux disease (GERD),
Crohn's disease,
ulcerative colitis, and
irritable bowel
syndrom (IBS),
Diarrhea, Wounds,
burns, boils, psoriasis,
and other skin
conditions (external)
Pasau, Passau-na- • It is covered with Leaf
Jute, Jute Mallow, Ca, P, Fe, K, Fiber, Vit.
haba, Saluyut, Corchorus olitorius Antioxidant small hairs
Mallow Leaf Jew’s Mallow, Red A, thiamine, ascorbic
Saluyot, Tagabang, (Malvaceae) Anti-inflammatory It usually has creeping
Jute, Tossa Jute acid, riboflavin
Taka, Tugabang, Yaka
Marshmallow root, Halaman ng altheahexacosanyl expectorant, soothes Abound with mild Root
Sweet Weed, Althea, masmelow, Halamang Althaea officinalis lactone, 2β- and softens tissues mucilage
Althea Root
march mallow, white Marsmalo (Malvaceae) hydroxycalamene while controlling
mallow root, Mallards, (altheacalamene) and bacterial infections,
 Mortification Root altheacoumarin confection, forms
glucoside, along with protective layer of
the known mucilage on the
phytoconstituents mucous linings of the
lauric acid, β-sitosterol body, treat
and lanosterol inflammation and
ulceration of digestive
system, used also
externally for localized
inflammation,
aphrodisiac, antacid
Gels, in the
Gelatin, Collagen
manufacture of
Hydrolysate,
capsule shells,
Animal Gelatin Hydrolyzed Gelatin, Peptides and Proteins
cosmetics, in weight
Marine Collagen
loss, in the
Hydrolysate
manufacture of paper
Microbiology – Culture Fronds: elongated, Entire plant
Media cylindrical

Laxative, gelling Color: purplish with a

Agar-Agar, Agar agent, thickening tinge of green when
Gelidium amansii, G.
Weed, agent, stabilizer, fresh, becoming
corneum, Gracilaria Agarose
Agar Japanese/Chinese Gulaman bulking agent, yellowish white when
(Gracilariaceae, Agaropectin
Isinglass, Red Algae, dry.
Gelidiaceae)
Ceylon Moss Other uses –
thickening agent,
clarifying agent,
vegetarian gelatin
substitute
made into surgical • Soft and fluffy Seed
cotton It has a staple fiber
Gossypium hirsutum made into gun cotton that grows in boll
Cotton Cotton Bulak cellulose
(Malvaveae) for explosives
made into pulp for
papermaking
Stem, Branches
Roundish tears of
various sizes, or
broken into angular
polysaccharides and
fragments, with a
their calcium,
glass-like, sometimes
Acaciae gummi, magnesium, and Emulsifier, stabilizer,
Arabic gum, Gum iridescent fracture,
Gummi mimosae, potassium salts, which
arabic, Gum acacia, nutritive, demulcent and opaque from
Tears of Acacia Gummi arabicum, on hydrolysis yield
Gum mimosa, Gum numerous fissures,
Gummi africanum arabinose, galactose, thickener
Senegal but transparent and
(Fabaceae) rhamnose, and
nearly colorless in thin
glucuronic acid.
pieces; spheroidal
tears of varying size
with a matte surface
texture

Goat’s thorn Astragalus Bassorin, Cellulose, • smooth, shiny, Gummy exudation

Suspending/ Emulsifying
Tragacanth Gum dragon, Syrian tragacanthus Polyarabinan- colourless and
tragacanth (Fabaceae) trigalactan-geddic acid agent, adhesive, very resistant
 demulcent, stabilizer leather edge

Tamarind FIlipino: Sampalok • Organic acids • Pulp occurs as a Fruit

(Tartaric, Mallic, • gums and reddish-
Oxalic Acid) adhesives brown,moist
• Vitamins (C, K, E, • for culinary sticky mass.
Choline, Niacin, purposes • Odor is pleasant
Folate) • sizing material with fruity taste,
Tamarindus indica for textile and
• Minerals (Ca, Fe, sweet and acid.
(abaceae) jute
Mg, P, K, Na)
• Fats (Oleic, • Laxative
Stearic, Palmitic • Relieve fever
Acid) processing
• Safrole
Hordenine
Apple • Milled to produce • Skin is covered in Fruit
apple juice protective layer
• Fermented to of epicuticular
create wax
cider/vinegar • Flesh is pale
• Distilled to create yellowish-white
• Pectine
alcoholic •
• Amino Acids
beverages
• Acid (linoleic,
• Antioxidant
malic, oleic,
Malus pumila • Reduced risk of
Mansanas palmitic, caffeic)
(Roaceae) developing:
• Sugar
• Stroke
• Fiber
• Diabetes
• Vitamins and
• Dimentia
Minerals
• Skin is covered in
protective layer
of epicuticular
wax
• Flesh is pale
yellowish-white
Corn Maize • Corn flour • Husk protects the Hairs and cobs
• Cornstarch kernels of the
• Corn syrup corn, which is the
• Flint corn edible portion of
• Sweet corn the plant
• Popcorn • Corn ears
• Flavonoids encompass the
• chlorogenic acid • managing silk, husk,
Zea mays • saponins diabetes kernels and cob
Mais
(Poaceae) • volatile alkaloid • prevention of of the corn plant
• heart ailments
prevention of neural-
tube defects at birth

• Adhesives
• Plywood
• Straws (drinking)
• Metal plating
 • Boiler
• Cleaners,
detergents
• Crayon and chalk
(as a binder)
• Photographic
films
(antihalation
powder)
• Textiles (warp
sizing and
finishing)
Cherry • Timber industry • Flowers- small Fruit
• Make desserts corymbs of
• to treat chronic several together
inflammation & by having
diseases smooth fruit with
bark: • arthritis only a weak
• Prunasin • rheumatism groove along one
cyanogenic • help to lower uric side, or no
Sweet cherry - Prunus groove
glycoside acid level
avium L. •
• Scopoletin • increase levels of
Sour cherry - Prunus
• Amygdalin melatonin
Seresa cerasus L.
• relieve
headaches, achy
Cherry fruit: muscles and
(Rosaceae)
• Hydrogen joints.
cyanide • treat ailments
• like coughs,
bronchitis, gout,
diarrhea, and
arthritis.
• antioxidant
benefits
Cassia Fistula Golden Rain Tree • Fuel wood • Fruit - legume Fruit
• - Dye / Tanning with a pungent
• for habitual odor and
constipation containing
• used as cathartic several seeds
• anthraquinones • antifungal
• flavonoid-ol- • laxative
Cassia fistula Linn derivatives • purgative
Kanya pistula
(Fabaceae) • sennosides A and B • safe aperient for
• rhein children and
pregnant women
• emetic
• used for febrile
and inflammatory
affections

Rice Arroz Oryza sativa L. (Asian • Amylopectin • Major food staple • The embryo is Grain
Reis Rice) •Amylose and security situated in the
Bigas
Riso Oryza glaberimma • Ferulic acid • Hulls are ventral part of
(African rice) • Glutelin processed into the spikelet.
 • Flavonolignan animal feed and • Starchy
Family: Gramineae/ • Isoamylase into some fuels endosperm
Poaceae • Rice bran oil as comprises the
important source flesh/body.
of bioactive • Envelope made
phytochemicals of Glumes, husks
for scientific use called Lemma
• Fights diarrhea and Palea.
• Relieves
constipation
• Good for people
with excess uric
acid
Triticum Wheat • Sharp pointed Fruit
Livestock feed yellowish to
• Baked goods white rhizomes
• Source of fiber • Rhizome is
Reduces chronic hollow except at
inflammation. the nodes,
• vitamins, strongly furrowed
terpenoids, Prevents gallstones, longitudinally.
Triticum aestivum L. phenolics, breast cancer , Where the nodes
Trigo
(Poaceae) lignins, tannins, childhood asthma. occur, traces of
flavonoids, rootlets may be
quinines, alkaloid Relieves found on the
postnenopausal under surfaces
symptoms and the fibrous
• prevents heart remains of
attack, coronary sheathing leaf-
artery disease. bases on the
upper surfaces.
Fig Ficus caprificus Risso Treat various ailments Green skin, upon Fruit
such as gastric ripening turns
problems, purple/brown
Ficus carica L.
Igos • inflammation, and
(Moraceae)
cancer.
natural coloring
-anti-staling agent