Case 1:13-cv-02741-RBK-AMD Document 216 Filed 02/11/18 Page 1 of 12 PageID: 4808

Tracy  L.  Riley,  Esquire  

Law  Offices  of  Riley  and  Riley  
The  Washington  House  
100  High  Street,  Suite  302  
Mount  Holly,  New  Jersey  08060  
(609)  914-­‐0300  
Attorney  for  Defendants  Moore,  
Devlin,  and  Abrams  
 
UNITED  STATES  DISTRICT  COURT  
FOR  THE  DISTRICT  OF  NEW  JERSEY  
 
:        
STEVEN  M.  STADLER,       :      Civil  Action  No.:  13-­‐cv-­‐2741      
            :  
      Plaintiff     :  
            :  
v.             :          
            :    OPPOSITION  TO  PLAINTIFF’S    
CITY  OF  ATLANTIC  CITY,         :    MOTIONS  IN  LIMINE  AND  CROSS-­‐  
GLENN  ABRAMS,  JR.;  JOHN  A.  DEVLIN;   :    MOTION  TO  BAR     REFERENCE  TO    
AND  WILLIAM  MOORE,           :    OFFICERS’  IA  HISTORY  AND  BAR    
              :    TESTIMONY  OF  WITNESSES  IDENTIFIED  
      Defendants     :    HEREIN,  MOTION  TO  BAR  PLAINTIFF’S  
            :    COUNSEL  FROM  STATING  SPECIFIC    
            :    PREJUDICIAL  AND  IRRELEVANT  REMARKS  
            :      
            :    
 
TO:   Jennifer  Bonjean,  Esquire  
  1000  Dean  Street,  Suite  422  
  Brooklyn,  NY  11238  
         

  PLEASE  TAKE  NOTICE  that  on  February  13,  2018,  at  9:00  a.m.  or  as  soon  thereafter  

as  counsel  may  be  heard,  defendants,  by  and  through  their  attorney,  Tracy  L.  Riley,  Esquire,  

shall   move   before   the   United   States   District   Court,   at   the   Mitchell   H.   Cohen   Building   and  

United   States   Courthouse,   Fourth   and   Cooper   Streets,   Camden,   New   Jersey,   for   an   Order  

denying  Plaintiff’s  Motions  in  Limine  and  Granting  Defendants’  Cross-­‐  Motions.  

  PLEASE  TAKE  FURTHER  NOTICE  that  defendants  hereby  request  oral  argument.  
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Plaintiff   has   filed   three   Motions   in   Limine.   First,   Plaintiff   moves   to   preclude  

Defendants   from   introducing   evidence   involving   Plaintiff’s   criminal   history.   Second,  

Plaintiff   seeks   an   Order   permitting   Plaintiff   to   introduce   evidence   related   to   Officer  

Abrams’s   Internal   Affairs   history.   Finally,   Plaintiff   has   moved   for   an   Order   permitting  

Plaintiff   to   introduce   evidence   related   to   Officer   Devlin’s   Internal   Affairs   history.  

Defendants   oppose   these   motions   for   the   reasons   contained   herein.   Further,   Defendant’s  

cross-­‐move  in  limine  to  preclude  reference  to  the  defendant  officers’  IA  history  and  to  bar  

the   testimony   of   several   witnesses   who   Plaintiff   has   subpoenaed   to   testify.     Finally,  

Defendants  move  to  bar  Plaintiff’s  counsel  from  making  certain  prejudicial  and  irrelevant  

statements.  

A.    Plaintiff’s  Criminal  History    

In   considering   motions   in   limine,   "[t]he   Federal   Rules   of   Evidence   can   aptly   be  

characterized  as  evidentiary  rules  of  inclusion,  which  are  designed  to  broadly  permit  fact-­‐

finders   to   consider   pertinent   factual   information   while   searching   for   the   truth."   Univac  

Dental  Co.  v.  Dentsply  Int'l,  Inc.,  268  F.R.D.  190,  196  (M.D.  Pa.  2010).  All  relevant  evidence  is  

admissible   unless   otherwise   stated   by   the   Constitution,   statue   or   other   Federal   Rules.  

FED.R.EVID.  402;  

Rule   609   of   the   Federal   Rules   of   Evidence   governs   the   admissibility   of   a   witness's  

prior  convictions  for  impeachment  purposes.  Rule  609(a)  provides:  

(a)   General   Rule.   For   the   purpose   of   attacking  

the  credibility  of  a  witness,  

(1)   evidence   that   a   witness   other   than   an  

accused   has   been   convicted   of   a   crime   shall   be  
admitted,   subject   to   Rule   403,   if   the   crime   was  
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punishable   by   death   or   imprisonment   in   excess  

of   one   year   under   the   law   under   which   the  
witness   was   convicted,   and   evidence   that   an  
accused  has  been  convicted  of  such  a  crime  shall  
be   admitted   if   the   court   determines   that   the  
probative   value   of   admitting   this   evidence  
outweighs   its   prejudicial   effect   to   the   accused;  
and  

(2)  evidence  that  any  witness  has  been  convicted  

of   a   crime   shall   be   admitted   if   it   involved  
dishonesty   or   false   statement,   regardless   of   the  
punishment.  
 
First,   Defendants   do   not   intend   to   introduce   evidence   of   Plaintiff’s   convictions   prior  

to   2009.   While   Defendants   reserve   the   right   to   impeach   Plaintiff   with   respect   to   his  

criminal   history   should   he   open   the   door,   paragraphs   4-­‐7   of   Plaintiff’s   motion   [Doc.   No.  

210]  are  not  currently  in  dispute.    However,  defendants  assert  that  Plaintiff’s  2009  felony  

conviction  for  third  degree  theft  is  admissible  under  a  R.  609  analysis.          

  In   this   case,   Plaintiff   has   a   2009   felony   conviction   for   third   degree   theft.   Plaintiff  

asserts  that  the  probative  value  of  the  conviction  is  “outweighed  by  it’s  prejudicial  effect”.  

Plaintiff   ignored   the   real   operative   phrase   pertaining   to   this   analysis-­‐   which   is   unfair  

prejudice.   Plaintiff   cannot   show   unfair   prejudice.   Of   course,   there   could   be   prejudice  

whenever  there  is  evidence  of  a  conviction.  However,  the  rules  of  evidence  provide  for  the  

admissibility   of   the   2009   conviction.   The   fact   that   Plaintiff   will   admit   that   he   committed  

burglary   on   the   night   of   the   incident   does   not   limit   or   preclude   reference   to   the   2009  

conviction.    

  Plaintiff  moves  to  preclude  his  2013  conviction  of  resisting  arrest  in  connection  with  

this   case.   He   asserts   that   the   “mere”   conviction   for   resisting   arrest   as   related   to   Officer  

Devlin   is   not   admissible.   Defendants   disagree.   This   is   an   excessive   force   case   wherein  
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Plaintiff   pled   guilty   to   resisting   arrest.   There   is   no   exclusion   under   R.   609   for   that  

conviction.    

Moreover,  Plaintiff  admits  that  he  pled  guilty  to  resisting  arrest.  He  set  forth  a  factual  

basis   on   the   record,   under   oath.   Defendants   assert   that   Plaintiff’s   conviction   for   resisting  

arrest  is  admissible.    

Plaintiff  failed  to  disclose  other  convictions.  Defendants  also  intend  to  use  the  most  

recent  convictions  of  October  2017  including  burglary  and  resisting  arrest.    

  B.   Opposition  to  Plaintiff’s  Motions  to  Introduce  Evidence  “Related”  to    

    Officers’  Internal  Affairs  History  and  Cross-­  Motion  to  Bar  same  
 
  Defendants  are  in  receipt  of  two  other  motions  filed  by  Plaintiff  [Doc.  209]  &  [Doc.  

212]-­‐  one  pertaining  to  Defendant  Officer  Abrams  and  one  pertaining  to  K9  Handler  Officer  

Devlin.  First,  Plaintiff  begins  both  motions  by  seeking  to  introduce  evidence  “related”  to  the  

Atlantic  City  Police  Department’s  Early  Warning  System.  Plaintiff  broad-­‐brushes  his  entire  

argument  in  this  respect.  Plaintiff  uses  overly  broad  terms  such  as,  “Plaintiff  will  show”  and  

“Plaintiff  will  introduce  evidence  to  prove  this  point”.  This  is  a  case  involving  literally  tens  

of   thousands   of   documents   and   countless   depositions.     Plaintiff’s   motion   is   far   too   broad  

and   essentially   seeks   unlimited   authorization   to   introduce   information   that   Defendants  

would  argue  has  no  relevance  to  this  case.    The  Court  must  not  permit  Plaintiff  to  broad-­‐

brush  a  topic  such  as  the  Early  Warning  System,  which,  if  permitted,  will  lead  to  multiple  

trials  within  this  trial.    

  Plaintiff   asserts   that   he   will   show   that   “although   Atlantic   City   “counted”   internal  

affairs  complaints,  it  did  nothing  to  identify  patterns  among  its  officers  who  triggered  the  

EWS”.   See   [Doc.   No.   209]   p.   2   This   analysis   must   begin   with   the   New   Jersey   Attorney  

General   Guidelines,   which   provides   the   purpose   of   the   early   warning   system.   The   2011  
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New  Jersey  Attorney  General  Guidelines  provide,  “In  order  to  enhance  its  integrity,  provide  

an  optimal  level  of  service  to  the  community  and  reduce  it’s  exposure  to  civil  liability,  every  

law   enforcement   agency   should   establish   procedures   for   dealing   with   problem  

employees”.  See  2011  NJ  Attorney  General  Guidelines  Internal  Affairs  Policy  and  Procedure  

(emphasis  added)  

  Taking  that  purpose  into  consideration,  Defendants  assert  that  1.)  The  NJ  Attorney  

General   Guidelines   do   not   even   require   an   Early   Warning   System,   but   rather   recommend  

one,   and   2.)   There   is   no   evidence   from   the   Early   Warning   System   from   which   one   could  

conclude  that  there  is  a   “problem   employee”.   The   early   warning   “memos”   that   have   been  

produced   in   discovery   simply   identify   an   officer,   an   IA   number,   the   type   of   IA   complaint,  

and  the  disposition.  There  is  no  analysis  as  to  the  actual  cases,  no  analysis  as  to  the  actual  

investigation,   and   to   date,   no   expert   opinion   as   to   the   validity   of   the   underlying  

investigations.  Therefore,  Defendants  assert  that  discussion  of  the  early  warning  system  is  

not  relevant  to  the  case  at  hand.    

  As  will  be  discussed  below,  Plaintiff  in  this  case  demanded-­‐  and  the  Court  ordered  

the   production   of   over   2,000   confidential   Police   Internal   Affairs   files.   Plaintiff’s   proffered  

expert   provided   a   report   containing   an   analysis   (which   is   mostly   statistical   in   nature)   as   to  

only   33   IA   files.   Accordingly,   there   is   no   analysis   as   to   the   validity   of   the   investigations  

pertaining  to  the  IA  cases  listed  on  a  given  early  warning  memo,  or  the  Defendant  officers’  

IA  cards.      

  The   Atlantic   City   Police   Department   has   had   some   “early   warning”   mechanism   in  

place   since   at   least   the   early   ninety’s.   Whether   it   be   called   “early   warning   system”,   “risk  

management”,   or   “records   review”   depends   on   the   given   year   or   policy.   The   Atlantic   City  
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Police   Department’s   policies   with   regard   to   the   early   warning   mechanism   vary.   For  

example,   the   policies   are   different   pre-­‐2010   from   2010-­‐2012,   which   is   different   from   2012  

to   the   present.   Whatever   early   warning   system   evidence   Plaintiff   seeks   to   introduce   will  

require   both   an   analysis   of   each   and   every   IA   investigation   (including   testimony   from   each  

IA  investigator)  as  well  as  an  analysis  of  the  policy  at  the  time.  Defendants  assert  this  will  

needlessly   lead   to   numerous   trials   within   a   trial   and   will   result   in   an   undue   consummation  

of  time.  What  is  more,  the  Defendant  Officers  assert  that  evidence  pertaining  to  the  early  

warning  system  will  result  in  unfair  prejudice.  Attacking  this  mechanism  could  result  in  the  

unfair   inference   that   ACPD   did   something   wrong-­‐   when   the   mechanism   was   not   even  

required   in   the   first   place.   For   these   reasons,   Defendants   assert   that   evidence   relating   to  

the   early   warning   system   should   not   be   permitted.   It   is   not   relevant   to   the   case   at   hand  

because  no  analysis  of  the  IA  investigations  has  been  performed.  It  is  unfairly  prejudicial  to  

the   defendant   officers.   In   the   alternative,   Plaintiff’s   motion   should   be   denied   as   pre-­‐mature  

and  vague.  Defendants  should  have  the  right  to  assert  an  objection  to  specific  evidence  as  

Plaintiff   attempts   to   introduce   it.   Plaintiff   should   not   be   given   “free   reign”   to   introduce  

whatever  evidences  he  chooses  as  it  “relates”  to  the  early  warning  mechanism.    

    i.   The  Defendant  Officers’  Internal  Affairs  History  

Plaintiff   next   seeks   to   introduce   evidence   of   past   internal   affairs   complaints   made  

against  Defendant  Officers  Abrams  and  Devlin.  Defendants  oppose  this  evidence  as  unfairly  

prejudicial.    
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Plaintiff  identifies  three  specific  IA  complaints  as  it  pertains  to  Officer  Abrams.  [Doc.  

No.  209  at  p.  4]  Plaintiff  seeks  to  introduce  evidence  pertaining  to  IA  files  09-­‐163;  09-­‐168;  

and  12-­‐268.    

First   and   foremost,   there   is   no   IA   file   numbered   12-­‐268.     IA   file   09-­‐163   has   to   do  

with  a  complaint  of  standard  of  conduct  and  theft.  This  2009  IA  complaint  has  nothing  to  

do  with  a  complaint  of  excessive  force,  or  the  use  of  force  at  all-­‐  which  is  the  issue  in  this  

case.   IA   09-­‐168   involves   a   2009   administrative   complaint   by   former   Chief   Mooney   for  

neglect  of  duty  and  possession  of  CDS  (contraband  was  allegedly  not  inventoried  properly).  

Again,   this   complaint   has   nothing   to   do   with   an   allegation   of   excessive   force.   Therefore,  

Defendants  assert  this  evidence  is  irrelevant  to  the  instant  case  and  would  result  in  unfair  

prejudice.      

What   is   more,   there   has   been   absolutely   no   analysis   as   to   the   investigations   into  

these   matters.   Plaintiff’s   proffered   expert   does   not   opine   as   to   validity   of   these  

investigations   and   whether   the   investigations   conformed   to   the   Attorney   General  

guidelines.   Should   this   information   be   introduced   at   trial,   Defendants   would   then   seek   to  

elicit   testimony   as   to   the   facts   of   each   complaint   and   elicit   testimony   as   to   each  

investigation,   again,   resulting   in   numerous   trials   within   a   trial.   Plaintiff   was   given  

enormous   latitude   during   the   discovery   period   of   this   case   and,   as   noted   above,   received  

(via   Court-­‐Order)   over   2,000   confidential   files.     Plaintiff’s   expert   does   not   provide   an  

analysis  of  any  of  the  IA  files  Plaintiff  seeks  to  use  from  the  Defendant  Officers’  IA  histories.      

As   it   pertains   to   the   defendant   officers’   IA   histories,   Plaintiff’s   expert   focuses   purely   on  

statistics   with   no   analysis   into   the   actual   investigations   of   the   cases.   Therefore,   if   the  
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investigations  are  proper  and  the  dispositions  justified,  how  is  it  relevant  or  not  prejudicial  

to  discuss  these  complaints?    

Plaintiff   goes   on   to   seek   to   introduce   evidence   pertaining   to   eight   additional   IA  

Complaints   made   against   Officer   Abrams.   While   these   files   do   involve   allegations   of  

excessive   force,   again,   Plaintiff’s   expert   has   provided   no   analysis   of   the   actual  

investigations  with  respect  to  these  complaints.  While  Plaintiff  concedes  that  practically,  it  

is   unlikely   that   he   will   call   all   eight   complainants   to   testify,   as   another   practical   matter,   the  

parties   do   not   know   what   complainants   will   actually   appear   to   testify.     This   is   clearly   a  

maneuver   to   mislead   the   jury   from   the   facts   of   Plaintiff’s   case.   To   be   sure,   if   Plaintiff   is  

permitted   to   reference   other   IA   complaints   made   against   the   defendant   Officers,  

Defendants   will   seek   to   elicit   testimony   as   to   the   facts   of   each   case,   including   each  

complainant’s   criminal   dispositions,   if   applicable,   and   elicit   testimony   from   each   IA  

investigator.      

As   it   pertains   to   Defendant   Officer   John   Devlin,   Plaintiff   seeks   to   introduce   evidence  

as   to   six   (6)   IA   files.   Again,   Plaintiff’s   expert   performed   no   analysis   into   these  

investigations.  Plaintiff’s  expert  report  with  respect  to  the  individual  officers  is  limited  to  

the   type   of   complaint,   the   number   of   complaints,   and   dispositions.   Plaintiff’s   expert   does  

not   comment   on   and   does   not   opine   whether   the   investigations   conformed   to   the  

applicable   guidelines.   Therefore,   with   no   expert   testimony   as   to   the   investigations,  

evidence   “relating”   to   the   underlying   complaints   should   be   barred.   Additionally,   the  

Defendant  Officers  assert  that  any  evidence  offered  to  suggest  that  Atlantic  City  “rewarded”  

officers  with  “lengthy”  complaint  histories  by  appointing  them  to  the  “prestigious”  K9  unit  

is   unfairly   prejudicial.   How   can   Plaintiff   support   such   a   fanciful   and   nonsensical   theory  
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with   no   expert   analysis   into   the   investigations   of   IA   complaints?   Defendants   assert   he  

cannot  and  Plaintiff’s  motion  should  be  denied  in  that  respect.    

Plaintiff   seeks   to   introduce   evidence   pertaining   to   IA   file   13-­‐076.   This   alleged  

incident   took   place   after   the   incident   involving   Plaintiff.   Specifically,   this   file   involves   an  

incident   that   took   place   on   April   24,   2013.   Therefore,   Defendants   assert   that   any  

information  pertaining  to  this  file  should  be  barred,  as  it  is  not  relevant  to  the  instant  case.    

C.   Defendants’   Motion   to   Bar   the   Testimony   of   Numerous   Subpoenaed  

Witnesses  
 
The   Defendant   Officers   move   in   limine   to   preclude   the   testimony   of   several  

witnesses  to  whom  Plaintiff  has  served  or  attempted  to  serve  with  subpoenas  to  testify  at  

trial.   The   Court   may   be   aware   that   Plaintiff   identified   154   witnesses   in   his   portion   of   the  

Joint   Final   Pre-­‐trial   Order.     Of   those   identified,   Plaintiff   has   issued   41   subpoenas   to   various  

witnesses-­‐   the   majority   of   whom   have   nothing   to   do   with   the   underlying   incident.  

Defendants   move   to   preclude   the   testimony   of   the   following   individuals   on   grounds   of  

relevance  and/or  unfair  prejudice:  

Atlantic  City  Police  Department  Employees:  

Officer  Joseph  Rodriguez;  
Officer  Michael  Oldroyd;  
Officer  Sterling  Wheaten;  
Officer  Stephen  Cupani;  
Sgt.  Frank  Timek  
 
Atlantic  City  Administration  
Former  Mayor  Lorenzo  Langford;  
Current  Chief  of  Police  Henry  White  (was  not  the  chief  at  the  time  of  this  incident);    
Former   Chief   of   Police   Mooney(was   not   the   chief   at   the   time   of   this   incident   and  
  proffered  testimony  involves  the  suspension  of  K9s  in  2009.)  
 
Defendant  Officer  Devlin’s  ex-­wife  
Jessica  Bedsole  (identified  as  Jessica  Devlin  in  the  JFPO)-­‐  Officer  Devlin’s  ex-­‐wife  has  
no  relevant  testimony  with  regard  to  the  instant  case.  
 
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The   above   individuals   have   absolutely   nothing   to   do   with   the   case   at   hand.  To   the  

extent   that   Plaintiff   indicates   these   individuals   will   provide   testimony   relevant   to   his  

Monell   claim,   Defendant   Officers   object   on   grounds   of   unfair   prejudice.   Plaintiff’s   expert  

performed  an  analysis  of  only  33  IA  files.  Plaintiff  should  not  be  permitted  to  subpoena  any  

officer  from  ACPD  and  subject  him  or  her  to  questioning  about  his/her  IA  history.  Plainitff  

had   the   opportunity   for   his   expert   to   provide   an   analysis   and   failed   to   do   so.   If   this   is  

permitted,  again,  Defendants  will  seek  to  elicit  the  facts  from  each  IA  case,  elicit  testimony  

from   each   investigator   and   even   seek   to   add   rebuttal   witnesses.   This   position   is   not  

intended   to   be   disrespectful   of   the   Court’s   time.   It   is   simply   a   position   for   a   reasonable  

defense   if   Plaintiff   is   permitted   to   use   complaints   and   numbers   without   anything   further  

support.  In  the  alternative,  Defendant  Officers  renew  the  bifurcation  application.    

Moreover,  for  the  reasons  stated  above,  Defendants  move  to  preclude  the  following  

IA  Complainants  who  have  been  subpoenaed  by  Plaintiff:  

 
Leon  Henry;  
Tyre  Davis;  
Robert  Creek;  
James  Hill;  
Jermain  Elliot;  
Khali  Nelson;  
Julius  Baldwin;  and    
Michael  Veneziani.  
 
 
Notably,   Plaintiff   has   identified   several   witnesses   on   his   portion   of   the   Joint   Final  

Pre-­‐trial   Order   whom   his   counsel   represents/represented   in   former   and/or   current  

litigation.  These  witnesses  include,  but  are  not  limited  to:  

David  Connor  Castellani;  

Julius  Adams;  
Charlie  Harrison;  and  
Case 1:13-cv-02741-RBK-AMD Document 216 Filed 02/11/18 Page 11 of 12 PageID: 4818

Anthony  Moore.  
 

Defendants   are   not   in   receipt   of   subpoenas   that   have   been   issued   to   these  

individuals,   but   object   to   their   testimony   nonetheless.   In   the   event   that   any   of   these  

individuals   appear   to   testify   without   notice   to   defense   counsel,   Defendants   request   an  

opportunity  to  be  heard  outside  of  the  presence  of  the  jury  to  address  these  objections.  

D.   Motion   to   Bar   Plaintiff’s   Counsel   from   Making   Certain   Irrelevant   and  

  Prejudicial  Comments  
 
  Defendants   move   in   limine   to   preclude   Plaintiff’s   counsel   from   referencing   her  

opinions   of   law   enforcement   and   referencing   any   information   pertaining   to   any   of   her  

personal   family   or   friends   employed   in   law   enforcement   in   the   presence   of   the   jury.  

Defendants  move  to  preclude  counsel  from  indicating  to  the  jury  that  she  is  a  “fighter  for  

what  is  right”.  Said  reference  is  improper  and  irrelevant.    

  Defendants   move   in   limine   to   preclude   Plaintiff’s   counsel   from   utilizing   overly  

hyperbolic  language  in  her  opening  statement  or  closing  argument.  Specifically,  Defendants  

move   to   preclude   any   statements   or   reference   comparing   this   case   or   the   City   of   Atlantic  

City   or   the   Atlantic   City   Police   Department   to   “1950’s     Alabama”.   Said   reference   or   any  

similar  reference  is  improper  an  unfairly  prejudicial.    

   

 
Case 1:13-cv-02741-RBK-AMD Document 216 Filed 02/11/18 Page 12 of 12 PageID: 4819

  Conclusion  

  For   all   of   the   reasons   contained   herein,   Defendants   respectfully   request   this   Court  

deny  Plaintiff’s  Motions  in  limine  and  grant  Defendant’s  Cross-­‐  Motions.    

             

              Respectfully  submitted,  

                     Law  Offices  of  Riley  and  Riley  

     

              ___/s/Tracy  L.  Riley________  

              Tracy  L.  Riley,  Esquire  
 
Dated:  February  11,  2018