Intoduction

Maritime industry is a growing industry in India, given its strategic location of ports. An overview on the
process of export and import via Maritime freight has been established in this report.

Terms and elements of Maritime business.

 Container – This is what is usually used for transferring goods. It can be either booked entirely or
partially, depending on the kind service one wants. They come in various sizes and they have
multiple tariff rates.
 ICE Gate – The e platform for central excise and customs formalities.
 Shipping companies :
o Emirates Shipping Line
o Maersk Line
o OOCL
o MSC
o SCI – Shipping corporation of India
o APL
o CogoPort (booking services only)

Major Ports
 Kandla - The port has a very vast hinterland and it has developed an extensive back-up area for
port based industries. The hinterland comprises of Gujarat, Western Madhya Pradesh,
Rajasthan, Western U. P and all other northern States like Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh
and Jammu and Kashmir. The Kandla Free Trade Zone has been established on an area of 700
acres at a distance of 9 km. from the port, which is an added attraction for the port users.
 Jawaharhal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT) - This port enjoys an advantageous location on the principal
sea-trade route from Europe and Middle East and the port is easily accessible by land and sea
with the principal cities and ports of the country. The hinterland of the port is quite vast and is
well linked to the port through rail as well as road network.
o Video link - Youtube
 Mumbai - This port commands a vast hinterland comprising of Greater Mumbai, Maharashtra,
Gujarat, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Kamataka and Andhra Pradesh.
 Mormugao- is the main port for Goa and also serves part of Kamataka and Maharashtra. It is
primarily an iron-ore port. The port is served by inland wa,terways system by rivers Mandovi
and Zuari. More than 85 percent of the throughput consists of iron-ore exports alone. With
Konkan Railway new industries are expected to be set up which would generate substantial
cargo growth.The Goa Government, which has been discouraging the establishment of polluting
industries in the region in order to protect tourism, is now allowing industrialisation to generate
the much needed employment. Other important users ofthe port are :
o Zuari Agro Chemicals Ltd. - main producer of fertiliser in the hinterland and hence also
the importer of fertilizer raw materials
 o Two main steel plants which need scrap imports of 50,000 tonnes annually; Granite
stone quarries from Bijapur ;
o Sugar factories in the hinterland from where sugar and molasses are exported.
o Goa Carbon Ltd. imports raw coke and exports calcinated petroleum coke through this
port.
o ESSAR Steel Plant at Hazira where annually 2,50,000 tonnes of high grade ironore is
expected from Bellary-Hospet mines.
 New Mangalore - The primary hinterland of the New Mangalore Port consists of the districts of
Dakshina Kannada, Kodagu, Hassan, Chikmangalur, Shimoga on West Ghat. The hinterland of
New Mangalore Port is endowed with immense natural resources such as iron-ore, manganese
ore, chrome ore and other agricultural products like coffee, cashew nuts, forest produce etc.
There is ample scope for exploitation of these resources for the promotion of imports and
exports. The secondary hinterland covers the districts of Tumkur, Bangalore, Mandya and
Mysore of Kamataka state and a part of Kerala and Andhra Pradesh.
 Cochin - This port enjoys a strategic location on the principal sea trade route from Europe/
Middle East to Australia and the Far East as well as from Africa to the Far East. The hinterland of
Cochin covers the entire state of Kerala and part of Tamil Nadu and South Kamataka. There is
convergence of all modes of transport namely road, rail, air and waterways in the port area. The
hinterland of the port extends to about 600 kms. A quantum of 10 million tonnes of the traffic
consisting of crude oil, POL and fertiliser raw materials which constitutes 87 percent of the total
traffic comes from Ernakulam district.
 Tuticorin - The hinterland of the port covers the southern most part of the state of Tamil Nadu,
enveloping an area of 44,000 sq. km. spread over the districts of Chidambaranar, Tirunelveli,
Kanniyakumari, Rarnnathpuram, Pudukottai, Madurai and Trichy. The region abounds with
agricultural and plantation produce. The port's hinterland hums with industrial activity. Port-
based industries like Southern Petrochemical Industries Corporation, Tuticorin Fertilisers Ltd.
are some of the industrial units served by the Tuticorin Port.
 Chennai - The Chennai port operating over hundred years has contributed to the industrial
development of the city and adjoining hinterland, as was the case of Mumbai and Calcutta
Ports. The hinterland covers the southern districts of Tamil Nadu such as South Arcot, Tanjore,
Thiruchirapally, Ambedkar districts, industrial areas of Coimbatore town and parts of southern
Andhra Pradesh upto Vijaywada. The hinterland of Chennai port is highly industrialised. The
immediate urban hinterland has refineries, chemical industries, thermal power plants and heavy
industries. The container terminal backed by nearby Internal Container Depots (ICDs) serve the
"volume addition" industries and the export/import of high value goods from Bangalore,
Vijaywada, Hyderabad, Chennai and Coimbatore urban manufacturing industries.
 Visakhapatnam - The port essentially handles as bulk cargo and its hinterland is fairly large. It
covers Bailadilla iron-ore mines in Madhya Pradesh as well as sources of thermal coal and
alumina from Orissa. Coking coal is imported through this port to feed the Bhillai and Durgapur
Steel plants. It covers practically the entire Andhra Pradesh, east Madhya Pradesh and southern
Orissa. It is expected that several new ports in the vicinity such as Kakinada, Gangavaram and
Gopalpur may come into operation in a few years which can shrink the hinterland of this port in
respect of many cargoes. However, traditional cargoes of iron-ore, alumina, coal etc. are
expected to continue to use this port.
  Paradip- Paradip is one of the major ports in India and is the main out-let and in-let of the sea
borne trade of the eastern part of the country spread over states such as Orissa, Andhra
Pradesh, U. P., Bihar and West Bengal. The natural resources and industrial products of this wide
spread hinterland are immense.
 Calcutta and Haldia- The ports serve the entire eastern and north-eastern India and the
neighbouring countries of Nepal and Bhutan.

The ports of JNPT (Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust), Mundra and Chennai entirely hold upto 70% trade of
the Containers.