ALEX EVANGELISTA

Architect
Sr. Lecturer
URBAN
University of the Philippines
College of Architecture REVITALIZATION

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URBAN
REVITALIZATION

URBAN RENEWAL

REGENERATION

REDEVELOPMENT
Fontana’s Plan for Rome (1585-90) St. Peter’s Square in Rome

Haussmann’s 1867 Plan for Paris Arche de Triomphe

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REBUILDING ROME

Renaissance: Rome’s
uncontrolled growth resulted
in problems of circulation,
defense, water, & sanitation.

-! Rome was also becoming a

pilgrimage site of the
Christian faith.

-! To connect the pilgrimage

sites, Pope Sixtus V
commissioned Architect
Domenico Fontana to
prepare a street plan.

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REBUILDING ROME

Piazza del Popolo

-! street plan that would

make the pedestrian Vatican

movement of Christians
between Churches more
efficient.

-! marking special sites &

shrines with obelisks from
the Roman Empire. New
streets not only connected
hubs but the streets also had
visual accents.

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REBUILDING ROME

-!street plan that would

make the pedestrian
movement of Christians
between Churches more
efficient.

-! marking special sites &

shrines with obelisks from
the Roman Empire. New
streets not only connected
hubs but the streets also
had visual accents.

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REBUILDING ROME

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REBUILDING ROME

Fontana established a
framework (master plan) for
Romes growth and
development.

The framework allowed

future Popes to undertake
their own infrastructure
projects.
REBUILDING ROME

One of the Obelisks of

Augustus was installed in
front of Basilica di Santa
Maria Maggiore by Fontana
in 1587.

The Macuteo Obelisk was

moved in front of the
Pantheon by Pope Clement
XI In 1711.
REBUILDING ROME

The Obelisk of Thotmes IV

was installed 1588 at Piazza
di San Giovanni Laterano.

At the top of the hill at

Piazza di Espagna is the
Trinita dei Monti Church. The
Obelisk in front of it was
installed in 1789 by Pope
Pius VI.

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REBUILDING ROME
The Obelisk of Domitian was
transferred to Piazza Navona
in 1649 and inserted into the
fountain designed by Bernini

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REBUILDING ROME

Piazza Navona’s 3 Fountains

Bernini and della Portas

Fountain of the Moor
(1575)

Bernini’s Fountain of
the Four Rivers (1651)

Giacomo della Porta’s

Fountain of Neptune
(1574)

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 Piazza del Popolo

Piazza de
Spagna

Castle of St. Angelo

The Vatican

Piazza Navona
Pantheon

Basilica de Sta. Maria

Maggiore

Campidoglio

Forum

!"#"$$%&'(

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REBUILDING PARIS

Haussmann's renovation of
Paris was a vast public
works program between
1853 and 1870.

It included:
-! demolition of crowded
and unhealthy
neighborhoods
-! Building of wide avenues,
parks, and squares
-! Annexation of suburbs
-! Construction of new
sewers, fountains, and
aqueducts

Before and after, Rue Soufflot.

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REBUILDING PARIS

Haussmann's renovation of
Paris was a vast public
works program between
1853 and 1870.

It included:
-! demolition of crowded
and unhealthy
neighborhoods
-! Building of wide avenues,
parks, and squares
-! Annexation of suburbs
-! Construction of new
sewers, fountains, and
aqueducts
Boulevard Henri IV.
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REBUILDING PARIS

Haussmann's renovation of
Paris was a vast public
works program between
1853 and 1870.

It included:
-! demolition of crowded
and unhealthy
neighborhoods
-! Building of wide avenues,
parks, and squares
-! Annexation of suburbs
-! Construction of new
sewers, fountains, and
aqueducts
Avenue de l’Opéra.
The Avenue replaced a district which was a high
place of prostitution and gambling. 15
REBUILDING PARIS

Haussmann's renovation of
Paris was a vast public
works program between
1853 and 1870.

It included:
-! demolition of crowded
and unhealthy
neighborhoods
-! Building of wide avenues,
parks, and squares
-! Annexation of suburbs
-! Construction of new
sewers, fountains, and
aqueducts
Rue Réaumur.
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REBUILDING PARIS

Haussmann's renovation of
Paris was a vast public
works program between
1853 and 1870.

It included:
-! demolition of crowded
and unhealthy
neighborhoods
-! Building of wide avenues,
parks, and squares
-! Annexation of suburbs
-! Construction of new
sewers, fountains, and
aqueducts

17
REBUILDING PARIS

Haussmann's renovation of
Paris was a vast public
works program between
1853 and 1870.

It included:
-! demolition of crowded
and unhealthy
neighborhoods
-! Building of wide avenues,
parks, and squares
-! Annexation of suburbs
-! Construction of new
sewers, fountains, and
aqueducts
-! Creating linear
connections
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REBUILDING PARIS

Haussmann's renovation of
Paris was a vast public
works program between
1853 and 1870.

It included:
-! demolition of crowded
and unhealthy
neighborhoods
-! Building of wide avenues,
parks, and squares
-! Annexation of suburbs
-! Construction of new
sewers, fountains, and
aqueducts
-! Creating linear
connections
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REBUILDING PARIS

His plan served as

inspiration for the CITY
BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT

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 URBAN
RENEWAL
IN THE 20TH
CENTURY

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In the 20th century Urban
Renewal became a strategy
for improving the degrading
condition of old urban
centers (e.g., harbor areas,
industrial districts)

Pittsburgh was driven by the

steel industry, and was an
industrial city until the
1950s.

Pittsburgh improved the

river environment

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URBAN RENEWAL INVOLVES:
Slum Upgrading –
Relocation of People
Demolition of old structures
and building of new ones.
Relocation of economic
activities
Eminent Domain

The Urban Renewal Project –

the BIG DIG – in Boston,
Massachusetts prioritized
Public Space over motor
vehicles. 23
 URBAN
REVITALIZATION STRATEGIES

REMOVAL OF RECOVERING NATURE

INFRASTRUCTURE

CREATING COMMUNITY THROUGH LANDSCAPING

SPACES

ENCOURAGING
SOCIAL INTERACTION
PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT

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RECOVERING NATURE REMOVAL OF INFRASTRUCTURE
CHEONGGYECHEON,
SEOUL, KOREA

Recovering a Forgotten
Stream

In the 1950s, migrants

occupied the banks of the
CHEONGGYECHEON stream
By 1958, the city started to
cover the stream.
Paving of Cheonggyecheon
started in the 1960s
In 1976, a 5.6 kilometer and
16.0 meter wide elevated
highway was completed
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CHEONGGYECHEON,
SEOUL, KOREA

Recovering a Forgotten
Stream

In July 2003, Seoul Mayor

Lee Myung Bak started the
removal of the elevated
highway and the revival of
the 8.5 kilometer stream.

Cheonggyecheon was
opened to the public in Sept.
2005, bringing together the
north and south sides of the
stream.
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The Cheongyecheon Transformation
CHEONGGYECHEON,
SEOUL, KOREA

Recovering a Forgotten
Stream
The project achieved heritage
restoration, community
development, improvement
of water quality and overall
improvement of the
environment, reduced
vehicular traffic, and
improved the urban economy.
Mayor Lee Myung Bak
became the President of
South Korea (2008-2013).
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CREATING COMMUNITY SPACES THROUGH LANDSCAPING - SIDEWALKS

Pedestrian Movement brings

communities together

Plants improve walking

environment

Trellis as a shading device

over sidewalks

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CREATING COMMUNITY SPACES THROUGH LANDSCAPING - SIDEWALKS

Pedestrian Movement brings

communities together

Plants improve walking

environment

Trellis as a shading device

over sidewalks

Green walls improve

appearance and helps reduce
pollution
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CREATING COMMUNITY SPACES THROUGH LANDSCAPING - SIDEWALKS

MURALS / ART WALL

vs
GREEN WALL

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CREATING COMMUNITY SPACES THROUGH LANDSCAPING - PARKS

MFO PARK, OERLIKON

DISTRICT, ZURICH,
SWITZERLAND
By Burckhardt + Partner and
Raderschall
Landschaftsarchitekten AG

1st Prize in Design

Competition for a Park
Inaugurated in 2002
Design was similarly scaled
as the building it replaced
and those around it.
100 meters long, 25meters
wide, 17 meters high
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CREATING COMMUNITY SPACES THROUGH LANDSCAPING - PARKS

MFO PARK, OERLIKON

DISTRICT, ZURICH,
SWITZERLAND
By Burckhardt + Partner and
Raderschall
Landschaftsarchitekten AG

1st Prize in Design

Competition for a Park
Inaugurated in 2002
Design was similarly scaled
as the building it replaced
and those around it.
100 meters long, 25meters
wide, 17 meters high
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CREATING COMMUNITY SPACES THROUGH LANDSCAPING - PARKS

MFO PARK, OERLIKON

DISTRICT, ZURICH,
SWITZERLAND
By Burckhardt + Partner and
Raderschall
Landschaftsarchitekten AG

1st Prize in Design

Competition for a Park
Inaugurated in 2002
Design was similarly scaled
as the building it replaced
and those around it.
100 meters long, 25meters
wide, 17 meters high
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SOCIAL INTERACTION ENCOURAGING PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT
STROGET, COPENHAGEN,
DENMARK

Creating a pleasant and

safe walking environment
Diversity of Activities

In the 1960s, motor vehicles

were increasing and creating
traffic congestion in
Copenhagens main
shopping district.
The city decided to close
Stroget to automobiles in
1962.
 STROGET (3.2 kms.), COPENHAGEN

Stroget, 1935

Stroget, 1961

•! Creating a pleasant and safe walking environment

•! Diversity of Activities
•! Permeability
•! Sustained Activity 36
STROGET, COPENHAGEN,
DENMARK
•! Diversity of Activities

PERFORMERS
Chalk and Pastel Artists

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STROGET, COPENHAGEN,
DENMARK

•! Permeability
•! Sustained Activity

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 PUBLIC ART IN URBAN DESIGN

PUBLIC ART
Refers to works of art in any
media that have been
planned and executed with
the specific intention of being
sited or staged in the physical
public domain, usually
outdoors and accessible to all.

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 PUBLIC ART IN URBAN DESIGN

PUBLIC ART

Public art is often

constructed of durable and
low-maintenance materials
to avoid the worst effects of
the elements and
vandalism.

Public art sometimes has

implications of site
specificity, community
involvement and
collaboration…

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 PUBLIC ART IN URBAN DESIGN

INTERACTIVE PUBLIC ART

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 PUBLIC ART IN URBAN DESIGN

INTERACTIVE PUBLIC ART

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 PUBLIC ART IN URBAN DESIGN

FINANCING PUBLIC ART

Public art is usually installed

with the authorization and
collaboration of the
government or company that
owns or administers the
space.
Some local governments
encourage the creation of
public art through policy.
PUBLIC ART

Robert Indianas LOVE

Sculpture

Art piece exhibited in a

Public Space marks the
place where it is displayed
(site specificity).

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PUBLIC ART

Arturo Modicas Charging

Bull
Sculpture in Wall
Street. (NY Stock Exchange)
The BULL is used as a
symbol for an upbeat
(bullish) stock market.

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MMDA ART

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URBAN REVITALIZATION

BENEFITS:
•! Improves the environment
•! Boosts the local economy
•! Revitalizes the Community

NEGATIVE EFFECTS:
Gentrification

improving the physical set-

up and consequently
affecting the market for
previously run-down areas

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URBAN REVITALIZATION

BENEFITS:
•! Improves the environment
•! Boosts the local economy
•! Revitalizes the Community

NEGATIVE EFFECTS:
Gentrification

Today Urban Renewal is

less about demolition and
relocation of the community.

More cities have adopted a

policy of renovation and
infusing new investments.

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Makati City’s Barangays
SPURs
Special Precincts for
Urban Redevelopment
•! Many areas in the periphery
of the Makati CBD, BGC and
other PUDs are in need of
upgrade.
•! These neighborhoods have
the potential to tap the value of
their property and their
proximity to big business and
commerce.
•! Makati City will need
additional areas for support
services, start-up businesses, SPUR SPURs SPURs
creative arts and design as a strategy, can can revitalize can provide
studios, knowledge-based serve the need for decaying employment and
outsourcing, and eccentric additional office neighborhoods with livelihood to the
business corporations. spaces and support new investment and local community
services. vibrant people.
Measuring
Responsiveness of
Traditional and Modern
Urban Developments
Barangay Poblacion &
Rockwell Center,
Makati City

Prof. Alex Ray P. Evangelista

IUSAM 2011 University of the Philippines
MAKATI CITY
MAKATI CITY
BARANGAY POBLACION ROCKWELL CENTER
STUDY AREA
BARANGAY POBLACION ROCKWELL CENTER
BARANGAY POBLACION ROCKWELL CENTER
BARANGAY POBLACION ROCKWELL CENTER
BARANGAY POBLACION ROCKWELL CENTER
Authored by Ian Bentley et al

“The built environment should be able to

provide users with a democratic setting,
enhancing the degree of choices that are
available to them”

Once this is achieved the places are

RESPONSIVE
METHODOLOGY
Survey of 84 respondents

Point system: ranking each of the two

study areas on a scale of 1-3 based on
the seven levels of RESPONSIVE
ENVIRONMENTS

Tally of total points to determine

which is more RESPONSIVE
PERMEABILITY:
will affect where people can and can not go

Factors to consider:
Number and quality of entry / exit points

Number and size of blocks

Circulation patterns

Modes of accessibility / transportation

Public and private interface

PERMEABILITY
BARANGAY POBLACION ROCKWELL CENTER
 Barangay Rockwell
Quality / Level Poblacion Center
Permeability 3 1
Variety
Legibility
Robustness
Visual appropriateness
Richness
Personalization
TOTAL
VARIETY:
affects the range of uses that is available to
people

Factors to consider:

Variety of forms
Variety of uses

Variety of meanings

Variety of users
BARANGAY POBLACION ROCKWELL CENTER
 Barangay Rockwell
Quality / Level Poblacion Center
Permeability 3 1
Variety 3 2
Legibility
Robustness
Visual appropriateness
Richness
Personalization
TOTAL
LEGIBILITY:
Affects how easily people will understand what
opportunities the development will offer them

Factors to consider:

5 Elements of the City

Legibility of forms

Activity patterns
BARANGAY POBLACION ROCKWELL CENTER

J.P. Rizal Avenue

Rockwell Drive – Kalayaan Ave.

BARANGAY POBLACION ROCKWELL CENTER
BARANGAY POBLACION ROCKWELL CENTER
 Barangay Rockwell
Quality / Level Poblacion Center
Permeability 3 1
Variety 3 2
Legibility 1 2
Robustness
Visual appropriateness
Richness
Personalization
TOTAL
ROBUSTNESS:
Affects the degree to which the people can use a
given place for different purposes

Factors to consider:

Flexibility of use

Rules and regulations

History
BARANGAY POBLACION ROCKWELL CENTER
BARANGAY POBLACION ROCKWELL CENTER
BARANGAY POBLACION ROCKWELL CENTER
 Barangay Rockwell
Quality / Level Poblacion Center
Permeability 3 1
Variety 3 2
Legibility 1 2
Robustness 3 1
Visual appropriateness
Richness
Personalization
TOTAL
VISUAL APPROPRIATENESS:
Affects whether the detailed appearance of the
place makes the people aware of their choices

Factors to consider:

Building appearance

Support for variety

Support for legibility

Support for robustness

BARANGAY POBLACION ROCKWELL CENTER
 Barangay Rockwell
Quality / Level Poblacion Center
Permeability 3 1
Variety 3 2
Legibility 1 2
Robustness 3 1
Visual appropriateness 2 2
Richness
Personalization
TOTAL
RICHNESS:
refers to the people’s choice of sensory
experiences

Factors to consider:

Visual richness
Varying sounds and smells

Kinetic experiences

Tactile senses

Socio-cultural richness
BARANGAY POBLACION ROCKWELL CENTER
 Barangay Rockwell
Quality / Level Poblacion Center
Permeability 3 1
Variety 3 2
Legibility 1 2
Robustness 3 1
Visual appropriateness 2 2
Richness 3 1
Personalization
TOTAL
PERSONALIZATION:
affects the extent to which the people can put
their own personality on a place

Factors to consider:

Rules and regulations

Need to improve facilities

Affirmation of tastes and values

Tenure
BARANGAY POBLACION ROCKWELL CENTER
 Barangay Rockwell
Quality / Level Poblacion Center
Permeability 3 1
Variety 3 2
Legibility 1 2
Robustness 3 1
Visual appropriateness 2 2
Richness 3 1
Personalization 3 1
TOTAL
 CONCLUSION:
Barangay Rockwell
Quality / Level Poblacion Center
Permeability 3 1
Variety 3 2
Legibility 1 2
Robustness 3 1
Visual appropriateness 2 2
Richness 3 1
Personalization 3 1
TOTAL 18 10
End of Presentation

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