Role of packaging material on
Pharmaceutical product stability
Jnanadeva Bhat M.
DGM - Product Development
Associated Capsules Pvt Ltd
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Agenda General Overview
¾ What is packaging?
¾ Importance of packaging
¾ Functions of packaging
¾ Material characteristics
Choosing the Appropriate Primary Pack
Suitable polymer/ Blister Packs
Containers & Closures
Testing of materials
QC test
QC Plus
Pack integrity
Regulatory
US, EU, Pharmacopoeial
Case studies
What is packaging ?
Packaging is defined as the collection
of different components which surround
the pharmaceutical product from the time
of production until its use.
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Importance of packaging
• Protect against all adverse external influences
that can alter the properties of the product.
• Protect against biological contamination.
• Protect against physical damage.
• Carry the correct information and identification
of the product.
• Tamper evident / Child resistance
/ Anti counterfeiting.
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Functions of packaging
Containment
Not to leak, nor allow diffusion and permeation
Strong enough to hold the contents during handling
Protection
Light
Moisture
Oxygen
Biological contamination
Mechanical damage
Counterfeiting
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Material characteristics
Additional qualities required
It must preserve the physical properties of all dosage
forms and protect them against damage or breakage.
It must not alter the identity of the product.
It must preserve the characteristics properties of the
product to comply specifications.
It must protect product against undesirable or
adulterating chemical, biological or physical entities.
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Choosing appropriate primary pack
Product characteristics/sensitivity
Hygroscopicity
Physical degradation
Chemical degradation
Drug release properties
Mechanical properties
Photosensitivity
Gas liberation tendency
Dimensional aspects
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Choosing appropriate primary pack
Selection of packaging material
Moisture barrier requirements
Light barrier requirements
Gas barrier requirements
Chemical properties
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Choosing suitable polymer/blister packs
Materials of Construction / Type Critical Properties Area of use
PVC 200/250/350 Low barrier / Simple unit Stable products like Paracetamol,
pack / Aesthetic Co-trimoxazole, certain softgel capsules etc.,
PVC / PVdC (250/40) Low barrier better than PVC Products not very sensitive to moisture, gases
and with moderate self life- Multivitamin tablets
and capsules
PVC / PVdC (250/60)/ (250/90)/ (250/120) Good barrier Moderate to high sensitive range of products,
certain FDC/ Enzyme products
PVC / PE / PVdC (200/25/60)/ Good barrier Quite high sensitive range of products – 4
(250/25/90)(300/30/90) FDC(RHZE)
Ultrasafe Duplex High barrier/economical Quite high sensitive range of products
Ultrasafe Triplex High barrier/economical Quite high sensitive range of products
PVC/Aclar (10μ to 100μ) Excellent barrier Extremely moisture sensitive range of products-
PVC/COC, PE/COC
OPA/Al foil/PVC Excellent barrier Extremely sensitive range of products –
Alu/Alu Cefuroxime Axetil tablets, Levocetirizine Tablets,
OPA/Al foil/PVC Excellent barrier Extremely moisture sensitive range of products
Alu/Alu with desiccant
Aluminium foil with HSL Excellent barrier Lidding foil for blister packing
(Hard tempered) 0.02 / 0.025
Aluminium foil Excellent barrier Lidding foil for COC
(Hard tempered with special coating)
Aluminium foil / poly (30 –40 microns (soft Excellent barrier For strip packing use of very sensitive range of
tempered) products – Omeprazole Capsules, Ranitidine
Tablets etc.,
Aluminium foil / VMCH (30 –40 microns (soft Excellent barrier For strip packing use of dark colored sugar
tempered) coated tablets.
Paper /Poly Very low barrier / Simple unit Very economical pack for very stable products.
pack / Aesthetic look
Paper/Al/HSL
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SYSTEMS For Child resistance blisters pack
Choosing suitable polymer/blister packs
Comparative WVTR values of various blister films on flat sheet
(38 deg C/90% RH - g/m2/day)
Materials of Construction / Type WVTR values (g/m2/day)
PVC 250 3
Polypropylene 1
PVC / PVdC (250/40) 0.75
PVC / PVdC (250/60) 0.5
PVC/10μ PCTFE (Aclar) 0.45
COC 190 μ 0.35
PVC/15μ PCTFE (Aclar) 0.36
PVC / PE / PVdC (250/25/90) 0.31
PVC/20μ PCTFE (Aclar) 0.27
COC 240 μ 0.28
COC 300 μ 0.23
PVC/23μ PCTFE (Aclar) 0.23
COC 350 μ 0.2
PVC/38μ PCTFE (Aclar) 0.15
PVC/51μ PCTFE (Aclar) 0.11
PVC/75μ PCTFE (Aclar) 0.08
PVC/102μ PCTFE (Aclar) 0.05
CFF (Alu/Alu) PVC/Alu45/OPA25 0
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Choosing containers and closures
Materials of Construction / Critical Properties Area of use
Type
HDPE container Good barrier to moisture, gas and All kind of products from solid
light orals and dry syrup.
PET / PP (Amber) Moderate barrier Light sensitive products
Glass Bottles High barrier For highly sensitive products
Glass vials (USP I and II) High barrier For injectables product
Glass bottles and vials (USP type III) High barrier Dry syrup, suspensions and
powder for injection.
Surface coated vials High barrier Sensitive products
PFS (glass/ PE) Moderate to high For unit dose injectables
Rubber stopper, natural rubber butyl, Chemical resistant, low Injectable products
Halobutyl. permeability, low water/solvent
Rubber stopper, natural rubber butyl, Chemical resistant, low Lyo injectable products
Halobutyl (legged and slotted) permeability, low water/solvent
Desiccant Desiccant will effectively alleviate
1. Silicagel bags (Tyvek packs and moisture and odor problems. 1. Moisture sensitive products
canisters)
2. Activated Carbon 2. Product release odor / gas
3. Molecular sieves 3. Highly moisture sensitive
products
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Choosing containers and closures
• COMPARATIVE OTR VALUES
Materials of Construction / Type OTR values (g.mm/(m2/day))
LDPE 241
HDPE 102
Polystyrene 127
Polycarbonate 114
Poly propylene 89
PVC 4
PET 2
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Choosing appropriate primary pack
Desiccants have been utilised to control the exposure of products to the
ingress of moisture.
Desiccants vary in their capacity and the rate that they adsorb/absorb
ingressed moisture.
Silica gel is very efficient at absorbing moisture at high relative humidity, but
comparatively poor at lower Relative Humidity.
Molecular sieve desiccants - the opposite scenario prevails.
As a consequence, more molecular sieve is required at higher relative
humidity, and the greater the handling precautions that are required during
packaging operations.
Based on the calculated WVTR of known container components and the rate
of moisture adsorbed by desiccants, the amount of desiccant that would be
required to maintain a specified relative humidity over the product’s shelf-life
can be determined and used.
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TESTING AND STABILITY
Critical parameters during screening
Release of chemicals from components of packaging
material
Release of visible and /or sub-visible particles
Adsorption or absorption of pharmaceutical
components by packaging material
Chemical reaction between pharmaceutical product and
packaging material
Degradation of packaging component in contact with
pharmaceutical products
Influence of manufacturing process on the container.
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TESTING AND STABILITY
QC test - routine tests
Vary according to the type of material used
Visual inspection
Identification test
Dimensional test
Physical tests
Chemical tests
Microbiological tests
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TESTING AND STABILITY
QC Plus (Qualification)
What need to be looked in
WVTR (water vapour transmission rate )
- Flat film
- Formed blister
OTR
Extractables and Leachables
- Periodic review and re qualification in case of major
change and source change
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TESTING AND STABILITY
Packaging Integrity
A failure in an impervious container closure system can occur due to
the failure in their seal integrity at the interface, which may affect the
drug product stability due to ingress of moisture, oxygen or microbial
contamination.
Forming - can have impact on WVTR
Sealing - pressure, temperature and dwell time - leads to increased
permeability
Integrity testing :
Bubble test - Blister / strip pack, liquid bottles/cap
pressure decay test - vials, ampoules,Blister, pouches, IV bag
Vacuum decay test - Vial, Ampoules etc
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Regulatory (US)
Guidance for Industry, Container Closure Systems for
Packaging of Human Drugs and Biologics
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Regulatory (Europe)
CPMP/QWP/4359/03 – Guideline on Plastic Immediate
Packaging Materials - specific to plastics only
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Case Studies
Strip packing of colored sugar coated tablets
Selection of special vials for special products
Improper design of blisters
Importance of secondary packing
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Thank You
