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Sql Server - How To Write a Stored Procedure in SQL Server

Vivek Johari, 12 Nov 2010 CPOL Rate this:
   4.80 (106 votes)

Stored Procedure in SQL Server can be defined as the set of logically group of SQL statement which are grouped to perform a
specific task. This article will describe the Stored Procedure in SQL Server and their benefits.

Stored Procedure: Stored Procedure in SQL Server can be defined as the set of logical group of SQL statements which are
grouped to perform a specific task. There are many benefits of using a stored procedure. The main benefit of using a stored
procedure is that it increases the performance of the database.The other benefits of using the Stored Procedure are given below.

Benefits of Using the Stored Procedure

1. One of the main benefits of using the Stored procedure is that it reduces the amount of information sent to the database
server. It can become a more important benefit when the bandwidth of the network is less. Since if we send the SQL
query (statement) which is executing in a loop to the server through network and the network gets disconnected, then
the execution of the SQL statement doesn't return the expected results, if the SQL query is not used between Transaction
statement and rollback statement is not used.
2. Compilation step is required only once when the stored procedure is created. Then after it does not require
recompilation before executing unless it is modified and reutilizes the same execution plan whereas the SQL statements
need to be compiled every time whenever it is sent for execution even if we send the same SQL statement every time.
3. It helps in re usability of the SQL code because it can be used by multiple users and by multiple clients since we need to
just call the stored procedure instead of writing the same SQL statement every time. It helps in reducing the
development time.
4. Stored procedure is helpful in enhancing the security since we can grant permission to the user for executing the Stored
procedure instead of giving permission on the tables used in the Stored procedure.
5. Sometimes, it is useful to use the database for storing the business logic in the form of stored procedure since it makes
it secure and if any change is needed in the business logic, then we may only need to make changes in the stored
procedure and not in the files contained on the web server.

How to Write a Stored Procedure in SQL Server

Suppose there is a table called tbl_Students whose structure is given below:

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CREATE TABLE tbl_Students

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[Studentid] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,

[Firstname] [nvarchar](200) NOT NULL,
[Lastname] [nvarchar](200) NULL,
[Email] [nvarchar](100) NULL
)

Support we insert the following data into the above table:

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Insert into tbl_Students (Firstname, lastname, Email)
Values('Vivek', 'Johari', 'vivek@abc.com')

Insert into tbl_Students (Firstname, lastname, Email)

Values('Pankaj', 'Kumar', 'pankaj@abc.com')

Insert into tbl_Students (Firstname, lastname, Email)

Values('Amit', 'Singh', 'amit@abc.com')

Insert into tbl_Students (Firstname, lastname, Email)

Values('Manish', 'Kumar', 'manish@abc.comm')

Insert into tbl_Students (Firstname, lastname, Email)

Values('Abhishek', 'Singh', 'abhishek@abc.com')

Now, while writing a Stored Procedure, the first step will be to write the Create Procedure statement as the first
statement:

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Create Procedure Procedure-name
(
Input parameters ,
Output Parameters (If required)
)
As
Begin
Sql statement used in the stored procedure
End

Now, suppose we need to create a Stored Procedure which will return a student name whose studentid is given as the
input parameter to the stored procedure. Then, the Stored Procedure will be:

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/* Getstudentname is the name of the stored procedure*/

Create PROCEDURE Getstudentname(

@studentid INT --Input parameter , Studentid of the student

)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT Firstname+' '+Lastname FROM tbl_Students WHERE studentid=@studentid
END

We can also collect the student name in the output parameter of the Stored Procedure. For example:

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/*
GetstudentnameInOutputVariable is the name of the stored procedure which
uses output variable @Studentname to collect the student name returns by the
stored procedure
*/

Create PROCEDURE GetstudentnameInOutputVariable

(

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@studentid INT, --Input parameter , Studentid of the student

@studentname VARCHAR(200) OUT -- Out parameter declared with the help of OUT keyword
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT @studentname= Firstname+' '+Lastname FROM tbl_Students WHERE studentid=@studentid
END

Note:-/* */ is used to write comments in one or multiple lines

-- is used to write a comment in a single line

How to Alter a Stored Procedure in a SQL Server

In SQL Server, a stored procedure can be modified with the help of the Alter keyword. Now if we want to get student
email address through the same procedure GetstudentnameInOutputVariable. So we need to modify it by adding
one more output parameter "@StudentEmail " which is shown below:

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/*
Stored Procedure GetstudentnameInOutputVariable is modified to collect the
email address of the student with the help of the Alert Keyword
*/

Alter PROCEDURE GetstudentnameInOutputVariable

(

@studentid INT, --Input parameter , Studentid of the student

@studentname VARCHAR (200) OUT, -- Output parameter to collect the student name
@StudentEmail VARCHAR (200)OUT -- Output Parameter to collect the student email
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT @studentname= Firstname+' '+Lastname,
@StudentEmail=email FROM tbl_Students WHERE studentid=@studentid
END

Note: It is not necessary that a stored procedure will have to return. There can be a case when a stored procedure doesn't
returns anything. For example, a stored procedure can be used to Insert, delete or update a SQL statement. For
example, the below stored procedure is used to insert value into the table tbl_students.

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/*
This Stored procedure is used to Insert value into the table tbl_students.
*/

Create Procedure InsertStudentrecord

(
@StudentFirstName Varchar(200),
@StudentLastName Varchar(200),
@StudentEmail Varchar(50)
)
As
Begin
Insert into tbl_Students (Firstname, lastname, Email)
Values(@StudentFirstName, @StudentLastName,@StudentEmail)
End

Execution of the Stored Procedure in SQL Server

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Execution of the Stored Procedure which doesn't have an Output Parameter

A stored procedure is used in the SQL Server with the help of the "Execute" or "Exec" Keyword. For example, if we want to
execute the stored procedure "Getstudentname", then we will use the following statement.

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Execute Getstudentname 1
Exec Getstudentname 1

Execution of the Stored Procedure using the Output Parameter

If we want to execute the Stored procedure "GetstudentnameInOutputVariable" , then we first need to declare the
variable to collect the output values. For example:

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Declare @Studentname as nvarchar(200) -- Declaring the variable to collect the Studentname
Declare @Studentemail as nvarchar(50) -- Declaring the variable to collect the Studentemail
Execute GetstudentnameInOutputVariable 1 , @Studentname output, @Studentemail output
select @Studentname,@Studentemail -- "Select" Statement is used to show the output from
Procedure

Summary
In the end, we can say that a Stored procedure not only enhances the possibility of reusing the code and execution plan, but it
also increases the performance of the database by reducing the traffic of the network by reducing the amount of information
sent over the network.

License
This article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under The Code Project Open License (CPOL)

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About the Author

Vivek Johari
Technical Lead
India

I am currently working as a Analyst and have around 7.5 years of experience in database.

Degree:-
Master Degree in Computer(MCA)

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Work experience:-
Designing of the database.
Database Optimization.
Writing Complex Stored Procedures,Functions,Triggers etc.
Designing and developing SSIS & DTS packages.
Designing SQL Reports using SSRS.
Database Server Maintenance.

Certification:-
Microsoft certified Sql DBA in Sql server 2008 (MCTS).
Microsoft certified BI professional in Sql server 2008 (MCTS).
Oracle certified profession DBA in ORACLE 10g (OCP)
certified profession DBA in ORACLE 9i (OCP)

My other publication
Technical Blog:- Technologies with Vivek Johari

Moderator and Blogger at BeyondRelational.com

Guest Author and Blogger at sqlservercentral.com

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Thanks Member 12173401 31-Jul-16 0:36 

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Thank Member 12173401 31-Jul-16 0:36 

Short and clear Member 8648152 26-Jul-16 1:11 

Thank You Member 12613361 30-Jun-16 20:33 

My vote of 5 Kasar_7 29-Jun-16 2:46 

Hi, i 'm new to asp.net. now i'm trying to do a project Member 12393172 15-Mar-16 0:33 
something related to mail access. here in global.asax
page i got some error. someone please help me to
solve this.

My vote of 5 AnantPithadiya 1-Jan-16 0:08 

reply Musheer Ali TM 6-Sep-15 19:07 

Re: reply Vivek Johari 6-Sep-15 20:30 

thanks abb4s 6-Jun-15 9:19 

Re: thanks Vivek Johari 9-Jun-15 6:45 

Good Suggestion Member 11664765 4-May-15 20:29 

Re: Good Suggestion Vivek Johari 9-Jun-15 6:45 

Thank you Pr!y@ 20-Feb-15 8:24 

Re: Thank you Vivek Johari 9-Jun-15 6:44 

Great article but you should use "return" instead of MadhureshK 8-Oct-14 2:45 
"written"

Re: Great article but you should use "return" instead of ManojSridhar91 19-Mar-15 1:36 
"written"

Re: Great article but you should use "return" instead of Vivek Johari 24-Mar-15 21:46 
"written"

This extremely simplistic useless article PokemonCraft 24-Aug-14 13:55 

Re: This extremely simplistic useless article Vivek Johari 24-Mar-15 2:12 

Methods of Writing Appllication Member 10977161 1-Aug-14 4:27 

Re: Methods of Writing Appllication Akhil Mittal 3-Aug-14 23:17 

Use of Output parameters Ajay Shedge 21-Jul-14 2:15 

output parameter with WITH Member 10949365 15-Jul-14 18:48 

-- Member 10904598 10-Jul-14 0:54 

Last Visit: 31-Dec-99 18:00     Last Update: 26-Sep-16 14:32 Refresh 1 2 3 4 Next »

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