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Introduction To Microbiology

Microbiology is the study of microorganisms too small to be seen with the naked eye. Some key figures in the history of microbiology include Louis Pasteur, who developed the germ theory of disease and the first rabies vaccine, and Robert Koch, who cultivated anthrax bacteria outside the body and established Koch's postulates for identifying disease-causing microorganisms. The document then provides a timeline of major discoveries in microbiology from the 17th century observation of microorganisms to the present day, including the discovery of viruses, antibiotics, DNA as the genetic material, and genomic sequencing.

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Dr P N N Reddy
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191 views1 page

Introduction To Microbiology

Microbiology is the study of microorganisms too small to be seen with the naked eye. Some key figures in the history of microbiology include Louis Pasteur, who developed the germ theory of disease and the first rabies vaccine, and Robert Koch, who cultivated anthrax bacteria outside the body and established Koch's postulates for identifying disease-causing microorganisms. The document then provides a timeline of major discoveries in microbiology from the 17th century observation of microorganisms to the present day, including the discovery of viruses, antibiotics, DNA as the genetic material, and genomic sequencing.

Uploaded by

Dr P N N Reddy
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MICROBIOLOGY 1

Introduction to Microbiology

 Micros (small) + bio (life) + logos (study of) = ROBERT KOCH (1843-1910)
Microbiology  German bacteriologist was the first to cultivate
 Father of Cell theory – Robert Hooke anthrax bacteria outside the body using blood
 Father of Microbiology – Louis Pasteur; developed rabies serum at body temperature
vaccine  Building on Pasteur’s "germ theory", he
 Father of Anti septic surgery – Joseph Lister subsequently published "Koch's postulates" (1884),
 Father of Immunology – Edward Jenner the critical test for the involvement of a
 Father of Mycology – Raymond Sabouraud microorganism in a disease
 Paul Ehrlich – coined the term Chemotherapy; made the first 1. The agent must be present in every case of the
synthetic chemotherapeutic drug (salvarsan) disease
 Spontaneous generation – hypothesis that some forms of 2. The agent must be isolated and cultured in
life could arise spontaneously from non-living matter vitro
3. The disease must be reproduced when a pure
HISTORICAL TIME LINE culture of the agent is inoculated into a
 1677 – First Observed "little animals" (Antony susceptible host
Leeuwenhoek) 4. The agent must be recoverable from the
 1796 – First scientific Small pox vaccination (Edward experimentally-infected host
Jenner)
 1850 – Advocated washing hands to stop the spread of
disease (Ignaz Semmelweis)
 1861 – Disproved spontaneous generation (Louis Pasteur)
 1862 – Supported Germ Theory of Disease (Louis
Pasteur)
 1867 – Practiced antiseptic surgery (Joseph Lister)
 1876 – First proof of Germ Theory of Disease with B.
anthracis discovery (Robert Koch)
 1881 – Growth of Bacteria on solid media (Robert Koch)
 1882 – Outlined Koch’s postulates (Robert Koch)
 1882 – Developed acid-fast Stain (Paul Ehrlich)
 1884 – Developed Gram Stain (Christian Gram)
 1885 – First Rabies vaccination (Louis Pasteur)
 1887 – Invented Petri Dish (R.J. Petri)
 1892 – Discovered viruses (Dmitri Iosifovich Ivanovski)
 1899 – Recognized viral dependence on cells for
reproduction (Martinus Beijerinck)
 1900 – Proved mosquitoes carried the yellow fever agent
(Walter Reed)
 1910 – Discovered cure for syphilis (Paul Ehrlich)
 1928 – Discovered Penicillin (Alexander Fleming)
 1952 – Hershey & Chase Experiments identified that DNA
was the genetic material of Bacteriophages
 1977 – Developed a method to sequence DNA (W.
Gilbert & F. Sanger)
 1983 – Polymerase Chain Reaction invented (Kary
Mullis)
 1995 - First microbial genomic sequence published (H.
influenzae) (TIGR)

I Brihaspathi Academy I Subscriber’s Copy I


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