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Fieldwork Strategies
and Observation Methods
 
“To Understand the World
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& From Hak Mahe hoe
*28 quntmaepesens ppaTACOIEENEN
 
 
Professor, for the last
{four years I’ve been
struggling to define my
research problem, but it
still seems too fuzzy.
 
 
 
Sounds like i's
time to take it to
the next level.
Fuzzy methods,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sophisicated emergent design saegy
 
chaicer
 
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Cure we tke lst fantasies about the path not taken
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‘apts devia oblpngereeat and
sorter moe thr osetia
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‘peers
“The Vale of
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Tryon sk y tate “it
‘owing gcc? Doo
rally fave gp prog dey to
alte Cano i tal you et
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tt gn ea mg
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sme hg th program arpa
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38).
ist porn cont with an ber
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Fett Som Charan Mahe 28
1 Variations in Observational Methods
esl at case om expan
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Involvement Fatcipnt
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spect wh at el of vraon
2S. 85.1986)
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FOR266 qUHIMEDEIOS wwoMTAcOREEN
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lot bein th progr honeer heer
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fed by an eng etch a nae
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ati he
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hitielen ene
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(ie dee Whee ached acl cs
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Poreaiialebierse when steno
ton Stina erties 27
cn anv welledotedand mi
‘cs whe ae program cs re
‘veo dindvartaped eps
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se fr ll parton by etn:
(nts tment programe are es
sha wp arn aon
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baat sy. epeall’ whe re
ping ince re stat cy
tote sting a be sop a
tly qu Sc otto rane
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fale prj teva
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me spacey bo pan aha,
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sti The tel evan
gn nd naan tat grea ei
ato ail ye mae meanings
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tein of the patipat the mate of
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Forman nde of intended eateaon
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seach he purpose ope leh and
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Emic Vers Ee Approches
pl ee ini tig Bag
‘i sen en tg ed
ytd st gate om a
(ieee nding,
teva Baron
tgoomanct Keath Phe (88)
sel hems anette
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poissbsdoneaganpe nd
oes te popes
{an ee bp cnt 10)
tgs ceed yang sed
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cons an apprach Leng ate
log a st Pre sae Bard
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tito ner te ade pope a
satu, tt ent pepe
However aang melo ae
compre sade engage
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rian caste A these
theingune romaine al nga
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onan eeraton sabes cp
eo undentning th cing on
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fq Tieyepc ts oboe
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‘Who Condacs the Inga?
Solo and Team Versus Partipatory
and Collaborative Approaches
Tie site nr perpen
onset clibrsive opr
testy euch Cobsboratve form of
Frater, parity ston ech
{a mpc! sppoahest v
‘enn tuame ison npr and
depen make fan
Alinenson a ign cae nga
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Ting snd cing story (Rene
so MeTagge 20 Wye 98) Clo
‘ative pinpointing eld
Connects a uy tween
Sheree py pe
“hd oer ex and bower
rere hat otto woe >
eaon and eancption (Ose 200,
Gaon 1595528 Thampen 1982,
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Ppoxhsto evaluat prise oc
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ten ung gute mei tern
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un 1985), voles the ws of eatin
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rerauntr ecnes toe aor
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in ei own qty Mie he Ean
fem sachs priopry pros 9 Pe
fl spleen fn
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cme perches
uae ey cn be oped 9.
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contin Atte oe in
oreo tea of potas wt
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‘meted srs ey hp
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ft per a opps onto
Overt Versus Covet Observations
‘tals cers the vay
sod ry oferta dia hn
teen theft he sere a
ther Pople ay be a ier
ety whe ty oo hey Bega
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ptr concering ts oray
eoacingcoret sah vate
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award Sus (19), ho oll op
rede rm ceoren recat cg
roa ae weelore permis ft person
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‘Boule al dao ofthe puro of
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‘upelton” ales th obser mice
‘Spt his orRer ans guste the
ser bepaing fhe eae Ge
199), qua i bea ea,
Atti oer en of he fi the
iowetgtve sa ech” ot fc
oul (5, Doge ag ht on
swat ihe hi
“ety hates pepe kal pe
tre pl andwligoavethaepoes
‘he worl Inert Dog apd
‘oul prin fsa hat ln
‘tine haan ancallcoetmstadof
slid pat
‘aimeigine prgn ibe bee
‘atc eg and tn ere
eis then er ged at may
Fs oe pete at pp
‘net ae whe
tthe wht ey dng ane et
then tod of ring pee pe
‘again eeepc
eyo spss ute pa
nyng roti expel oh
tthe et bat ru pn
gin way of tng a aly
ongoing tet ton,
‘sacha made he py tol
tere norman ei
[re wa) og 855
Just adage of partion in elt
snodktamedotiobeneotinaumt a
{tn aher thn alr pent,
‘9 001 thequson of how ep be
‘ow propa prog onde
‘ty ar oro they se beg oe
‘Sed ad i pps of
‘Senha istrefi fl
Sosa ahaa deal
"arto alng the mle is ot
ti ner 10). Dip ie
Sateen (eg Amertan Pog
‘sono enor coder deta
(ret mach Lk onl
ie br rc ar rts
fen of human saber hve sey co
‘led othe Tye i
‘spporeptrae which anh pa
‘it deed son th pape
ay as was commonly nes
‘hog merch: On of el
‘moareanples arta Migs Nie
Haves expels ined a dyn
eter otiry poe woul lo
Seder sone nt by having
se nary cone anh
he er ol re ear mon
eshte ses oes
iatappsetotbesuspeigctnnsto
{eashighas 6D vale espe sons
nd petes hard om apps ets
‘tethers wal ee pape
‘he sty pais ier ed
to mplate Nit poson gunn Baie
song stiry Arwen ee
am
ehh pope ae abcd and tl
rt! her knwo set in
{he infamous Take Experiment, Fr
teen heratin Maio 271
18 yea, psi od mt mack
fr une he pl of oe US Pac
th Sev, st rtd ys
ang ick mon ina ound cn
‘Evol Tgp Alans bout ee
fea comnt oth men sed, en
‘thw pis et ted 3 tha he
Popes of the dnwe cal he da
ted ors 193). Other sos faba
dee byes ing cnet
‘fai sed nth a andy
[st ols a i Wer E Feral
Ste Sl n Mantua er
fly se tea eae a
acts tha emis
hyo thesis forte ser
oof staal ate tal
‘hi the Be Be US. Ary
fy payed» ply bandos
‘enka downtoen Mintespaieet
top on uprima
ew x mt ight pene dig
lol ware Nv Amram
heen he Sang ck Sn esr
approved and expmetl eps A
‘ede without br awd or appa
eth ents th an 1
ni ted ln etn nd digo
toc ine lien county let
tring ty of ptt Snge
‘Devon ss tte y Rig
thie kor delayed whe hey at
[RB appar 1 omember at ey
ine pping eae of ese
‘ar lot daepoe and covert ob
‘tons wor tana way of dng te
(rh, Ths mot mec nt were
eth ment eb sey
he the poor pape ec es peo
leith de aren, omen ah en
[neared in prone and apa 3nd
‘hein crams ce talons
‘Shots Antropol sec waa
ion dy coil amiss
tek mohin cnt eve sige
Fes Peon of hnan spss po
‘Seda pow an fain 0am
tent tatal reply And
hat eat le Ba he ety So
sicyprdiecomes estos eter
thc Res or hi fo
‘Seong inch oy tay lone
franc Atay pe eed fan ove
‘eS tbeeue ats yietaiy
‘hind and Bn mens nga
lant fying sping
poplenbs amour apeing a
paar mcr wether ty be he
Fes meters Canal 200 oF pete
‘cts (Clie).
Howeveotal ecard ean
fateunr IS view othe te hal
Sypeamd tw ch cco ma
‘ina matref date, cpl whee
Ee ingyen he oe
inged condom gaps or oe
‘howe omer als tp wes So
‘hampl oprstne bree esl
poli par, and hr rns wih
twthan/orpowerRreaple Mae
Pah (S85 153, 197 forme of the
acre Busines Schl nth Neto
thet win sou th alge of
Shing cogaphicwde of eorpton a
tea prea publ sector opin
as nti th pti
‘he deform of dcp
wk les pring 0 sae aes
Sn tle or fo cme pf ie
fomp eng se. Soclget ich
Us cvefl ig  elpta
lcs tr tad ging cree
the Delft bl et with ll ae
erty gin adn to inerogaton
seen (Alen 19972) Soidagt eon
sng (959) feted doo elt
ty bg cout sof and pend22 quamametomess anmoutAcoUCTON
ingotetie intl spptsin Ss
it Land apes 9 ptt
‘egeytopntrh Geran cn,
snes enon pic pai A
thepsoet Can 8) pal
‘bbe ising enh ned
spe oy gate Per cp
Septal ade wo toe
I pol many of when we
ties Satria ar
‘poe (ar
‘nts nk he
cin sou tee esr
ors went be oat wan mae By me
‘ocho cng the ah th
Spin haf pena ei
‘ration rns ena ae
‘cet the tin done hae 2
Sein tt inl nts ed
Sheva tds ssa
‘lh oct erate par
ox il be ily decd athe the
“cpt of pg etn
‘htt am er sth
thon else mt be mae Same
Seen ndarl pog aro
‘tecvsuion tc alec ond pur
Poreot seer Ones pan
Shit beored acon
Paring inte poz etch
fot be heme th ce
‘ihtayesthe prcan ta
‘fpr pesapeten flow pepe
fortpns ander bt oper
ecpngthesrktnceton pop
SS Onl hereon ay
Fel tt se ath ep
{emp tint con a
bic ois wo me as aya
Eel with eran may eee te
"shat at ttn
sn way. Stine he aot
esis a car
Ise eck fh ws nd wh dos
ow nd foe hearths
‘atts tee erin inched wy
thoastdy began ad wot ea
tutor Is the evar det Kaw
erence
Tnupdringpacpantbsenstion ot
‘he cam Iulhip pga
teeter my twoeraatin llega
nd aged with thes ono
‘vation ler and discribe eure
ioctonal nsec” inetd
staying th progam, edd wap
ett ie were binge
snk end here wory set ou ag
mens Our cs was on eating he
Pea, ot pans at ove
‘Sening prunes we sina
tempted te cr evan by
Cilng cates inal sears
‘Our carl azement en and eee
tipo ith sa lope ding
Into t  h -ay
tat whee progam interposed
‘eelparpnte treet
‘eres par an hey the
(o wony to ut eva the The
longer wenton suring ego tat
eye Haver wey bet ee
one hy gt Sing thi they we
‘inl be esd he ey
‘era Whe ne tind fo 6
teresa tn nach
Pspane tener ned owas
‘os Itackadsyandabaltomcncrur
‘al prepa oes the prijs
ot knw ema pel evel ne
Tying topotecan
alto) had bcd nd ade
tin he grupevenome ich an
thew wld ve be, However ns
‘pee eed we wate be
{pel tare ob a at nay
Progam stanton sn ais tu
futhoweckandboames mrisinge
tS ol hein Ms 273
Ihe eration sal overt of nd
coco atte var pr
‘sec Icom aad cmp
‘Slot Pepe wee rly deed
Se wns by eo tl es
feat tor g yng os
overcast
‘hoor ar wh halig he ra
iy of undermine evo and
siualy when the nse ee Knows
Tropa ariget oe wt
fete fina p>
“erat of equi bg std
tary eo te deco seat ho
Bett tat an eon der wy a
fate erates woe sales
‘aavorpropan paren we nt
ea al phe
ove program tual eat
Ene maybe esac yey
fing copeabon fees aoc
‘et he progam Ine he
{janes ncn fora nor
Eat nay doped ch pr de
fae and agreed tat ate
Esato On one nd
‘ere prot nde ave on oe
rea progam eco abue
competent tiie /or My
pinata
tecatey thd vit erly tappr
Inga epg Une sh eas
imperial alr yb
Sr pret nor paca On te aber
a Wyte (8) har np at
comunity ating, mat» coe
‘Seapetlyenttegease 60
esti. Tose wh ado ne
‘ich uly don wih ina
 
ror coal mas etn a he
‘enn eration that te pope
‘who hve bon cued wil be ttl
rom a of ponte acon. Bese be
a sneer the
‘hanacon serio poet teeny
finomants uy stings wh Se
‘Slay mache erainton ray
Tawever ele te ety af ho a
wate posse tee sel tise
 etsy sy no en prc a
Ccleietret iets tchbrinss en unter eth fo see |
She Pea at ena ae de: flor”
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
  
 
 
Derg sev ay tbody pope an
caten pogrim weiband cleans programs.
fentetentestaciencottecky  Yurunein de ets fore widest
(Grivmae duter sdcllpost tag progam or wn ved ap
SS te vale webring. Unt Ores pte an nrg
Shiva riety tate ana) md et ampeethow physlenermensalete
rpm striae geet iene, pram Tr ep pues of hklng
Eafnanie day of be pogo oak ef cols” to wees
ndueytacio Ansar aon wart ove pple fem Be eveydny
“iredencrmen coresponded bane ngs ay on evn
rere eleriredpiopan inctneving, anlby hamrodebulngy ene
{sive os condi weap hve pape of cesta ce
ttaihow besrangnentcinfcs Ye iene ements 9 mre
Ton I's pay ouch ee © _uneon Ban he enverens of Pman
Joenedaasberhenduivaninact save pogans Dung te yg pO
CoinertuninkcuragleTiedinight gun pespars meeexpst oer a
ingotmnyhlenicrenonascemio fem wide evionens fe
ey dincery fom pope sign tuna fete Gla wees of New
toscana reg petodetine Pyar Mess erg erin rola
  
 
awk agora Oecaiasata  28
Moai awit: th mad, Booting
$i Jun reine efi
‘nn the pring a aang te mag
‘et omatnot Crud Cangoni
Ihe eat them, ast sve bow
paras pene oe certs
ceases the diet
Train earn ses ie
cect ceed rans ong ths
stones Progam sie we
‘scythe
Seer id ander the po
‘am thay wener woes wer
get nb natal ptt prograr,
‘ng tal ctlnges or group
(lt wih atthe propa they Ht
‘all rpryntoegapedap ih
Sicha daring evening pou ara
‘Sone Dui on Oy inter eld ae
feces usualy ol and et,
rcs were mse an cane
Seay Sao pp
Sountt gop prose
‘hing the rained ec bo
‘ose ppt’ dcr Poem
Sta me a they need atte
ore heen vrata py
{senna roe ations,
Snsicledthepariopansinbatpening
‘ing the Frc under ile Pysal
coins
 
‘Thettuman,
Social Envicnatent
Jina physleniemancry 08
sa evonnts Tey in ich
aman ings mc cate aap
(Slt thal lt haw path
asubehae toward cackotein thee
ioemens Ral Mow 097) dred
the stl view of pogo
feos
‘heal ote epee mest
coment are nip “pnenin”
Fibs pope Rony er me
(Seyler sol pear
i tne Sel neon on
Saini pct da
‘aya al Sposa mo
portent Ue, me
reer ave pre
Shier porate amg ee wom
Sete pi aoe and te
ng On cy nl ete np
ttn per Crema
‘cal inne gy emp
deeleandonen. 8
Indscoing the acl even he
erversafoetiewapin ch opie
(gous Paterson gan finer
the deo of commanton pt
fume io af 1). propanr Se
Pan aa an chang ae
ters tl ingore sl no
out Hon pele group ogra
amine and npn Ase ene
"Mele genpingy macteale nae
kod merc among pope with
eet bound ce, cl
eta anor apa th ever
pate the val cee of pe
‘Deckon-maingptemscanbe pute
siting ogc
‘Beach pl? That eet
a dco mate penta pati
aera dco wang po286 uauemaoesens aNpoAracascnoN
‘es? How ae decoy sao
‘ote to parpant? Aner tae
geo an important prt of he d=
ipo of proms dss ei
“Arcee depos ofl
iconnt ilo cen bee ame
1 he pepo tenement
Presed by prcyants Novis ly at
Bt paripns wl pe he tings
Taman clini snkerancisy Atl ies
isc at hc cd pte
Pn coe ington ark a
‘tinge urce—shoaid whats
Sep peeps of pace spate
‘rom theme's or ean ron
Spo and mere
intoricl Perspectives
aol oman ca shad igee-
tetigitonteraalronnent Teh
tayo prog, commu or ogi
ton is npr pet of he sto
esr Daigused gunetne oa
{3 ian Foxe Whyte sone alt
‘Better of soo ld chat
‘llcionkoheeame ales
oceans eral prof hele
‘en we bg Prin ec
(pan iwel hry wri ieee
‘ect ote eh
Ted egomarc
‘ur evan ate ngs at
thy ter ho
sept th yr td ie
edu il yu nh iy
lige ora Macha ten
‘cot eden on h
‘en owe wdetdng eta
“shunning
 
leet opengl ies
ean. 85)
Documenting an andemtnding the
onto progam wil ae dng
foi hin How ns he progam ce
‘te an nly an? Wh wee he
‘ral people re! or pg
‘eat ow hve tpt peptone
‘Sange! oe ine owt net nt
‘ott wae Rive il nd tea xt
‘one change ovr tine? Wat have sa
Sng pte ton oer ie? Hoh te
Pras govemance (ad) a ie
feed a ous tas nthe programs
"sony? Wha cist pepe
una thepogan ebb wihins
lager etn cote, wht Be
Nay fat oration nai
grin? Hoe are ager oli ad
ono evr ge oe ie
aon have thn hanged p>
team devlpm? What ae te sr
Pople t sbeat he prog’ hate?
‘The kinds ef gusts ny a
ne prograns tytn anit cnet
Inthe 1% eat “he igh
seiol tht ha been cad ding
‘apps and trl fhe 108 Lae
stout the pan cine popmaing
 
toh Seid asin Meds 255
‘ld eared utd te et of
‘hisorcalemerence: Tesch inage
i scarica ad spb nk
hem ned dew rd dp fn at
Inte peridot develegment Dong
flora te cuore one
teeing the emer dps th
‘Sats hte energie
Planned Program
Implementation Activitor
and Foal Interactions
Moat vans oc tet see ob
senatos on pln pogin an,
Win ero nee pagan Whol op
"eat and that Fe
Pare Thew athe ins quero
‘Schoen oth pe sing fo
cama program impeentatin
Tal mrad arn ats at
ve Endo uniy sou th 2 ei
ing tome mide nd 9 bare
Pansies uses coe
ting sin, el ine tenn
tity ameingotsomekind ome it
‘mancamacs peg senate,
systatn pening 0 2
‘gsr tte How the yp
{fener over th core a lar t,
{say he err wo am th
iy irae Who pre
fret ening Wate won?
How eid props pnd or et 9
ata?
"Toe nde of isle desaiptie que
inept uo el
Sequence of cseraton io aie?
Wisin doe adsl staan or
‘hip? Ho doe oso har ay
a? We Go acts a? Wire
‘ng appen? Wat ete sation
ow papas ngge in plan at
"es How dwelt engage i
{rth he eacrer mae et
Stings a pt of he estos)
ow dato lng change one
thecoue ofthe ai
aly the ose ks fer oa
inte Wate sgl ht arta
ny ing ed? Who psa
hate Wha ld How dp
ols ut te ening of te ay?
For theceplein iit
soe ote prog ates and
epi?
TB ent of ay obra and
tr alcove frp
Pst of maging bd noe The cr
among ofthe ehood
feet ucten program psn
(Gopi Iran npc ah bard
ero aay can Be Hoga a 8
nk ade nent a
‘tyro or eet Dug a,
fone nos actos thes ict ek
iy cn fr ptere an themes bu
ing hina saps elder cb
ever lb at ay at ing ep
tases tty ho
ering ye tou king fo pte
‘nseringand decent ema po
(ram cts wi cnt sen
‘etnevalating pled og ipl
eatin, but tly enti a
[Pega nd clon prs ob
Sentasaoldratenotscedtofomsl
‘Mamet aces The et atone
er erento ofthe gst g
‘eee an aman Km plan! pre
pam cian
Informal Interctions
snd Unplanned Activites
etsenerpatayheiscingandoh-
sewing vss soan aspire format
thy ed thy wl ia a dea oki. Same programs all eo a
ttre ne een acts the
‘ar reap ht ch prods poi
‘rps fr pups oasinlie
‘th ecard ig oma pega
Inte sera lle pip
fans wh casa) ng spe
aly fener cn pragma tition
‘never net of pan tine
asin prs of oral nisi
sei pled ary be ar
cepa ely being rnd
‘oan ard gag moving nan et of
Ea gos thiamin slo oe
‘ting soe ming mtn nk
ero engin ll age of hat
‘nny appar of and ear ow,
thn cmt vatr eevee at
aig tie!
"Te sei ane ben he
Sngoraes of ying open da ant
gps sping One
Uhipteale ngs ttengitemergedar
Jing apne pram tne 0 te ob
seer watches, Ise and aks for
‘pps fo depen terest,
‘nga propio aa or
alimentos eg, ntact ih
ier) aed partly, wt pepe
Ses och th Ths et pot
cc import. Ding pede of
‘plamed cti, props hve the
_grvestorpounty occharge esa
{Geach te ot wht ey
Shesinseroyen nme
terre aypoiostoe
“dct oma rs ther
spain in natal cameron se
‘vith snes group of rope king
‘oval veratrl qabone
nig?
Wet ar yon ht ey wae ing
Ink ugha elle
Sich qutoning sould dein ana
{Sveors pnd at every tne sae
Greve coming they no what ge
fins yu omg ask "ate, re
om th evr eth ante nse
tot qtr” Alo wen gor
Sal caren ivng Be
arya ascii corde wil eh
‘3 gens eating informed cat
‘Sd conic ee he ener dons
Sin ts capt Soat ve etc
‘ver Gtk) |
Ho sorting si sou bem
cont alang wih whe sh As mo
{Bete ie sno dy fe try
werk, the othr ne
Imam Ahem ed op tet
(Sn th it manne i uly
ch nish ease an be
‘an ani" apn oe
Joan Those pop ton
‘eleven moet fora
Review quo and proved th
ger ph of expen an cheng
a” on evan ae
eying hat etn oc aud te
progam it The ct at oe oe
Fiat nn
Sopa dil deen when as
‘Son oer cat. Th tat pop
‘Sout pomoal Inert and seo psp
iat mtg odo with be pogo ©
ita many pagans hee
ic prin ings ec urs
evr ie as into
vitheterprbpets Toate aii
‘evades th erst ver
Ihe ony fhe wha apps da,
hse ira pr Whi hes no
Teak the bere all wong, No
rea rhe den wo NL,
sot ely You gt opse youl and
ike ca of your or your eran
vil rine inh Bt yu et Oe
lo You may beter of aking 2 Dak
(dng prt onal sone 0 yo
‘ink oli s)he ter ao
rk
shapers in many grams te par
cpa he wire econ
‘gam Twas cringing ban
‘tng Ge more fe teed ie
‘Wet ve were ing ding eae
Chores altel tine wasp il
‘Shs gop aces, Paps
‘wate me re nal Soe in
yan ore tinea fe Moe,
Fy ant mw tierra nrc
anwipr nope
[rity of one oane ince when 1
‘Served ten ad nl erate >
Shen mule matcher
inert an, aging Boy gone
fens, ol pclae
ohn crs epenonl excange w
{ag ae fw th ok fr at
ppertis oengigeenthot par
ips cretion vo, lg
Te fed ote inte ir
terion a nung ete hey we
Wing to sae wt ad ape ad
Sstigianc hy st eine
‘son stepped my mae in do
tmentng he propelling
fet on patiapans and wre ope 0
‘Shing Wiens
ined oberon tat ried
feat ech tal tet ep
ce fe a ee eit
satin aogier tt hey
‘Stern pnd ant
Sep ment dg prog
Tp can my on
ties hcg bral rg
Onrpg! Stet
Seog ty tage
raat oc wi
Tinh pp Dingo pe
‘loam ten ees
open lowing ey ec gp
aliy wich pet lof per
hgh te pc, dco
Fyre ae on er
Ekin propotnfadras rohe
‘rt Thi fe a hen
Sy slate epeny fo me
‘ote at hw amp ih
frogunan spol inp
{itn a ced he ty
vated wer onan pnw
“iin mnchs and etl gt
Soneee coil te econ
re comply oe or
Soeatinrune Nese nied in
‘its id heron ap,
{ised nl our et one
‘Sati he ie oar aga at
the brevets cng weg
Testy wath es Gg?
‘pa te eon
Tp weed tess
‘nght gan daataato ah ep
Pan kd wg ator mga eal
heel wetness a
Sng yf he bt
Cy daniel wa web aa
Tren ten tt ora
‘ppt s oe set
Daye see
Sian me snl Uw te
‘rea an on bp teowYs nor in documenting capers
popleae ing eying ck
the en things os are doing The
at ave nourge pope ee
tea do wing an Ted at you
‘ere ing nny before inner
Iyovrevilingtstae cele
forme tone how yous he wing
tng in your whale expr th he
‘Hebe moved hisfodabotin bi
ola and en a Tote
toute poramectow it ines
"at tu ll you eae was weg
sewing" athe hd be
Svoiecacidslteriomy tnapeson
ting in how es! thn ant
‘als ona within abo se tinge
eit now ee ater hi The
‘The Natve Language ofthe Program
Teta tees an
ete ay hve Ben ore for me tan fox
‘on Bt tie mos important ng ats
en aren re dering i wt
‘Seti ink ob yaad ow
Ingorarits tore ante nar
Ispaver gone
fevitsbeen prety sty ands ohn
lite Tall
tent of ans an pet
npc ofthe pom on esa
fey le We ad evel ne corer
trea Helin edge bes
coc ample othe fan pert te
rogram Un a in nur ay
Tedtoterentemameng tesa o
‘edad seme of he roger tamed
‘ctobeamsraesofinpactees ante
panics
‘renga leonpe
(nee mr dei an it a td
Thats the madman The over lla iti
Ses Hee’ beatin brow of E
‘Thepostseyeina ne ny sling
Dot gnc em havo eth en eth tse
‘And asian best he so ing own,
“The pnts pen tam theo shapes
And gies ay ting
‘Sl babi anda ame,
— aie Saks,
A Misa Ng's Drom At re
Asptd n Chapter eer hyp
ol 91) ser we ote omer
Engage tape our ean ade
perme Am sncance invest,
ein Whe wa ign ook to
‘plone wach He dione
the tik vers were ening “empty
retour coking dices toga
The wares on snipe ibe
thigh trata He eve
trues nd oun hy asi he
onlay war and acted ar
 
Fo Sigil Cerin es 288
sop Whos en Shakespeare’ es,
sett the peptin ay
ahi” io Westape pote ange
‘Anaplasma
‘comet underside ewan
nda telnet be pole
that Langunge ones meld
‘eras shepingtoe pore ed
a enon: The ings 8 poo
Piehavespechl wodselthers tia
Pont fat ctu, Taso det
Fem in ned andra Ek
the many mode to ants
ve many word for me La, he
eat many words ore and int
ode Nash 98) iscsi
nine heer i ash
dangag Eupaan Ameen prapins
‘ure a alee te depest
levee ou ual eso pte
Penpecivs cn dort fo ons,
{dvr Hetacethvery ioe
Is the obey beep
ce al whose ey wa df
pte courge i ning thee
Pcs of wi sed anges Fost dark
nd fding foto nap
nol spss nado Chon
ten, wdmes ameto eet psec
eerie hat od be ned
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13 Doing Feldwork: The
Data-Gatherng Process
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Feldnotes Comparisons
Viens
herrea
1 ewe te
ey matin ee
ere een
 
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oot Sabon Obey 305
1 ke w st of eld iterprtonewith
Irate Ober ne atts a
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tations bean
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15 Observations Interviews,
and Documentation:
Bringing Togethes
Multiple Perspectives
Fedde amor than singed ot
tenis For ample eaten fl
rr test theatre
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1 The Observerand
What Is Observed:
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and important, an ination ofmnowaton ofthe gh order
 
 
 
Eprrion
Michael Quinn Patton
Sage PubicationsQuolitativ
Research
Evaluatior
Methods
i SPOUreY Yoonponsy
5 9 YPuveseyy nyoy IMO
   
  
 
Michael Oninn Patti