AMITY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, NOIDA

CLASS-IX
BIOLOGY
HANDOUT
TOPIC-ANIMAL TISSUES

TYPES OF ANIMAL TISSUES:

1. Epithelial tissues- Protection ,secretion and absorption
2. Muscular Tissues- Movement and locomotion
3. Connective Tissue- Binding, support,protection,transport and circulation
4. Nervous Tissues- Conduction of nerve impulse, control and coordination of body.

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

S.No Type Structure Location Functions

1 Squamous Thin flattened cells  From lining of  Diffusion of
Epithelium with a centrally placed mouth, materials or
nucleus. oesophagus exchange of
Irregular-shaped cells, and lungs gases.
compactly arranged.  Inner lining of  Protection
blood vessels from
 Cover the skin chemical and
surface mechanical
(stratified injury.
epithelium)  Entry of
germs or
from drying.
2 Cuboidal Cube like cells with a Lining of kidney Secretion,
Epithelium central spherical tubules, lining of excretion and
nucleus salivary, absorption
pancreatic and
sweat ducts
3 Columanar Tall, pillar or column Lining of Secretion and
Epethelium like cells with nucleus stomach, intestine absorbtion
at the base and gall bladder
4 Ciliated Certain cuboidal and Oviducts, trachea, Movement of
Epethelium columner epithelium bronchioles and cilia direct the
have Cilia at their free in parts of flow of fluids in
ends. Cilia are thin, nephron in a particular one
hair like projections kidney. direction
that move to and fro.
5 Glandular Cuboidal and columner Salivary, gastric, Secretes
Epethelium epithelium are intestinal and seat enzymes,
modified into glands glands mucous or
hormones

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

A composite tissue, it has following three basic components –

1. Cells – Living part, loosely spaced, embedded in the matrix.
2. Fibres – Non-living part, several types, scattered in between the cells.
3. Matrix – Basic ground tissue, may be jelly like, fluid dense or rigid. Matrix
decides the nature and function of the connective tissue.

Functions
1. Binding and packaging tissue
2. Other function include storing fat, transporting substances depending on the
location of the tissue.

S No. Type of Matrix Type of Tissue Functions

1 Fluid Blood  Helps in transport of various
substances.
 Red blood cells carry oxygen since they
contain haemoglobin.
 White blood cells provide immunity to
the body.
 Platelets help in blood clotting
2 Solid Bone  It is an important component of the
(Rich in skeletal framework
calcium &  Provides strength & support to the
Phosphorus) body.
3 Solid Cartilage  It is an important structural component
(Rich in of the body along with the bones.
 proteins &  Found in external or pinna and tip if the
Sugars) nose.
4 Solid Tendon Tendon connects a bone to a muscle
5 Solid Ligament Connects bone to another bone at the joints
6 Semi-solid Areolar Tissue  It fills the cavities inside the organs
 Provide support to the organs
 Helps in repair of tissues
7 Semi-Solid Adipose Tissue  Acts as an insulator
(Rich in  Acts as a shock absorber
adipocytes)

Differences between Tendons and Ligament –

S No Tendon Ligaments
1 Tendons are very tough and non- Ligaments are very elastic
elastic
2 Connects skeletal muscles to the Connects a bone to another bone at the
bones joint
3 Made up of more amount of fibrous Made up of elastic fibres
tissue
4 Show great strength but limited Are very flexible
flexibility

MUSCULAR TISSUE

S No Striated Muscles Non-striated Muscle Cardiac Muscle

1 Also called as skeletal Also called as smooth or Also called as Heart
or voluntary muscles involuntary muscle. musce
2 Attached to the bones Present within the walls Present in the wall of the
of the body of the body organs like heart.
stomach, intestine,
bronchi etc. Also found
in blood vessels, irish of
eye
3 Elongated, cylindrical Spindle shaped and Elongated, cylindrical and
and unbranched tapering at the ends branched.
4 Light and dark bands No striations Faint regular striations
present
5 Multi-nucleate Uni-nucleate One or two nuclei
6 Voluntary Involuntary Involuntry
7 Undergo rapid Undergo slow and Undergo continous and
contraction, rhythmic contraction. Do rhythmic, contractions and
Get tired easily not get tired easily. relaxations without getting
fatigued
NERVOUS TISSUE

Nervous tissue is made up of millions of nerve cells calls neurons. Neurons are highly
specialized cells. Brain, spinal cord and nerves are all composed of neurons.

Structure –
A neuron consist of following parts –
1. Cell body or cyton – Has nucleus and cytoplasm. Cytoplasm has nissl’s granules.
2. Dendrites –
 Fine branched fibres arising out of cell body.
 Numerous in number.
 Carry impulses towards the cell body
3. Axon –
 Single elongated fibre also called nerve fibre
 Generally unbranched.
 Ends in many end fibres.
 Conducts nerve impulses away from cell body

Functions of Nervous Tissue –

1. Specialized to receive and transmit messages in the body
2. Dendrites receives the impulse and axon take the impulse away from the cell body.

S No Dendrites Axon
1 Short, numerous and branched Long, generally unbranched – may be 1
or 2
2 Carry impulses towards the cell Carry impulses away from the cell body
body of the neuron of the neuron