Seminar Report

On
4G Technology
BCA-1st (2016-2019)

Submitted By: - Sahil

Roll No. :- 1316017
Submitted To:-Dr. Atul Garg
 CONTENT

1) INTRODUCTION
2) HISTORY
3) OBJECTIVE
4) TIMELINE FROM 1G TO 4G & BEYOND
5) QUALITY OF SERVICE
6) APPLICATION
7) ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTGES
 INTRODUCTION
Consumers demand more from their technology. Whether it be a television, cellular phone, or

refrigerator, the latest technology purchase must have new features. With the advent of the Internet,

the most-wanted feature is better, faster access to information. Cellular subscribers pay extra on top of

their basic bills for such features as instant messaging, stock quotes, and even Internet access right on

their phones. But that is far from the limit of features; manufacturers entice customers to buy new

phones with photo and even video capability. It is no longer a quantum leap to envision a time when

access to all necessary information the power of a personal computer, sits in the palm of one’s hand. To

support such a powerful system, we need pervasive, high-speed wireless connectivity.

4G is the short term for Fourth-Generation wireless. 4G is also known as LTE (Long Term Evolution)

4G is the fourth generation of wireless mobile telecommunications technology, succeeding 3G. A 4G

system must provide capabilities defined by ITU in IMT Advanced. Potential and current applications

include amended mobile web access, IP telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video

conferencing, 3D television.[citation needed]

Two 4G candidate systems are commercially deployed: the Mobile WiMAX standard (first used in South

Korea in 2007), and the first-release Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard (in Oslo, Norway, and

Stockholm, Sweden since 2009). It has, however, been debated whether these first-release versions

should be considered 4G, as discussed in the technical-definition section below.[citation needed]

In the United States, Sprint (previously Clear wire) has deployed Mobile WiMAX networks since 2008,

while MetroPCS became the first operator to offer LTE service in 2010. USB wireless modems were
among the first devices able to access these networks, with WiMAX smartphones becoming available

during 2010, and LTE smartphones arriving in 2011. 3G and 4G equipment made for other continents are

not always compatible because of different frequency bands. Mobile WiMAX is not available for the

European market as of April 2012

The approaching 4G (fourth generation) mobile communication systems are projected to solve still-

remaining problems of 3G (third generation) systems and to provide a wide variety of new services,

from high-quality voice to high-definition video to high-data-rate wireless channels. The term 4G is used

broadly to include several types of broadband wireless access communication systems, not only cellular

telephone systems.

One of the terms used to describe 4G is MAGIC—Mobile multimedia communication, anytime anywhere

with anyone, Global mobility support, integrated wireless solution, and customized personal service.

M Mobile multimedia communication

A Anytime anywhere with anyone
G Global mobility support
I Integrated wireless solution
C Customized personal service
 HISTORY
When smart phones were first introduced, there was no texting as well as undoubtedly horrible

connections. Then came 2G or 2nd Generation networks as well as by having them came the capability

to transfer and get information, although the velocities were actually sluggish - 9.6 kbps - slower than

the old, screechy, modems that we used to utilize in the early days of the Internet. Slowly technological

innovation strengthened and information rates were raised, by having the latter types of 2G getting to

speeds of about 56kbps and we thought that was fast!

3G or the 3rd Generation of mobile technology innovations took us by storm with speeds of about 4

times quicker than the old 2G standards. With initial speeds of around 200kb|s and steady

transformation of the technological innovations saw maximum speeds of up to 7.2 Mbps and we were

awed by the things that could be accomplished. The latter speeds were just numbers because the

highest rates were not achievable unless you were in the right spot at the right time. Still quite an

improvement.

Currently 4th Generation technologies are being presented around the world and devices are being

made available that may enjoy this brand-new mobile advancement in speeds and reliability.

4G or the 4th Generation Mobile standard is a series of measures that defines the demands of a 4G

network and also the standards that must be met. The existing common standard specifies a 4G network

as one that offers 100Mb|s for individuals on the move as well as which supplies 1Gb|s to an immobile

location or one shifting at a slow-moving speed, or standing still in that perfect spot for instance. There
are many variable involved that profusely degenerates the speed that you will actually be capable of

utilizing.

Yes there are 4G devices available that can take advantage of the high speed networks being built but

that network has a long way to go before most of us realize the true potential. When it was first

introduced, the term 4G was being thrown around a lot but true 4G was never widely recognized. 4G is

faster than 3G but it has to meet the specifications of the standards to be called true 4G. LTE is the

closest we have come to using a True Fourth Generation mobile technology.

The 5G buzzword has recently been being thrown around. As far as I can tell, the standards are not

specifically set but it is actively being tested. It is supposed to be faster at 1-10Gbps, more reliable and

accessible, and probably more expensive. We will keep you posted as we learn more about this new 5G

technology. A couple good sources to watch the 5G development are the Next Generation Mobile

Networks Alliance and GSMA Intelligence. Here is our take on the 5G technology.

Here is the GSMA take on the speeds of the past, current and future generations of the G.
 OBJECTIVE

• 4G is developed to accommodate the Quality of Service like -:

1. MMS(Multimedia Messaging Service).

2. Wireless Broadband service.

3. Video Chat

4. Mobile TV.

5. Digital Video Broadcasting.

6. High Network Capacity.

7. Data Rate of 100 Mbps for mobile and 1 Gbps while stationary

8. It can provide premium quality and high security

9. High Quality Voice

10. High Definition Video

TIMELINE FROM 1G TO 4G & BEYOND
 The first generation, 1G wireless mobile communication System was introduced in the early

1980s. 1G wireless was analog and supported the first generation of analog cell phones with the

speed up to 2.4Kbps

 The second generation 2G system, fielded in the late 1980s. It is planned mainly for voice

transmission with digital signal and the speed up to 64Kbps

 The third generation wireless system, also called UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications

Standard) was developed in the late 1990s. 3G is not only provide the transmission speed from

125Kbps to 2Mbps, but also included many services, such as Global roaming, Superior voice and

Video Quality. The first 3G networks were introduced in 1998

 The Fourth Generation, 4G is a conceptual framework just raised in 2002. The speed of 4G can

up to 1Gbps

 The beyond will be 5G with incredible transmission speed with no limits. 5G expected to launch
in 2020.
 GENERATION TIMELINE

CDMA = code division multiple access

EDGE = enhanced data for global evolution

FDMA = frequency division multiple access

GPRS = general packet radio system

GSM = global system for mobile

NMT = Nordic mobile telephone

PDC = personal digital cellular

PSTN = pubic switched telephone network

TACS = total access communications system

TDMA = time division multiple access

WCDMA = wideband CDMA

 4G DEVELOPMENT COMPANIES

1. NTT DoCoMo (JAPAN)

2. DIGIWEB (IRELAND)

3. SPRINT (CHICAGO)

4. VERIZON WIRELESS

5. VODAFONE GROUP

6. AMERICAN WIRELESS PROVIDER CLEARWIRE …..

 QUALITY OF SERVICE
 Traffic generated by the different services will not only increase traffic loads on the

networks, but will also require different quality of service (QoS) requirements (e.g., cell

loss rate, delay, and jitter) for different streams (e.g., video, voice, data).

 Providing QoS guarantees in 4G networks is a non-trivial issue where both QoS signaling

across different networks and service differentiation between mobile flows will have to

be addressed.

 One of the most difficult problems that are to be solved, when it comes to IP mobility, is

how to insure the constant QoS level during the handover.

 Depending on whether the new access router is in the same or some other sub

network, we recognize the horizontal and vertical handover.

 However, the mobile terminal can not receive IP packets while the process of handover

is finished. This time is called the handover latency.

 Handover latency has a great influence on the flow of multimedia applications in

realtime.

 Mobile IPv6 have been proposed to reduce the handover latency and the number of lost

packets.

 The field ―Traffic Class‖ and ―Flow Label‖ in IPv6 eader enables the routers to secure

the special QoS for specific packet series with marked priority
 APPLICATION

• High Speed Data Rate due to which a movie can be download in 2 to 3 minutes.

• More Security.

• Video Conferencing.

• Higher Bandwidth.

• Global Roaming.

• Wireless Broadband service.

• Video Chat

• Mobile TV.

• Digital Video Broadcasting.

• High Network Capacity.

• Data Rate of 100 Mbps for mobile and 1 Gbps while stationary

• It can provide premium quality and high security

• High Quality Voice

• High Definition Video

 ADVANTAGES
 Support for interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video, Internet, and other broadband

services

 IP based mobile system-High speed, high capacity, and low cost per bit. -global access, service

portability, and scalable mobile services

 Seamless switching and a variety of Quality

 Better spectral efficiency. Service driven services.

 Better scheduling and call admission control techniques

DISADVANTAGES
 Expensive and hard to implement

 Battery usage is more

 Needs complex hardware