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14Th Amendment,: Section 1

The document summarizes the passage and key sections of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Fourteenth Amendment was passed in 1866 and ratified in 1868 in response to doubts about the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act of 1866. It defined citizenship and guaranteed federal protections against abuses by state governments. The key sections established that all persons born in the US are citizens, prohibited states from denying citizens equal protection under the law or depriving them of life, liberty or property without due process, and gave Congress enforcement powers.

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105 views2 pages

14Th Amendment,: Section 1

The document summarizes the passage and key sections of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Fourteenth Amendment was passed in 1866 and ratified in 1868 in response to doubts about the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act of 1866. It defined citizenship and guaranteed federal protections against abuses by state governments. The key sections established that all persons born in the US are citizens, prohibited states from denying citizens equal protection under the law or depriving them of life, liberty or property without due process, and gave Congress enforcement powers.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Doubt about the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act (1866), giving citizenship to African Americans,

led to the formulation and passage of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868--the first to define
citizenship, and the first to guarantee federal protection against abuses by state governments

14TH AMENDMENT, PASSED 1866, RATIFIED 1868


SECTION 1.

All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof,
are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make
or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United
States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due
process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the
laws.

SECTION 2.

Representatives shall be apportioned among the several states according to their


respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each state, excluding
Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for
President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the
executive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the legislature thereof, is
denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one years of age, and
citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion,
or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which
the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-
one years of age in such state.

SECTION 3.

No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and


Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any
state, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of
the United States, or as a member of any state legislature, or as an executive or judicial
officer of any state, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in
insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof.
But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.

SECTION 4.

The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts
incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or
rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall assume
or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United
States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts,
obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.

SECTION 5.

The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this
article.

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