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Ground Electrodes Ground Electrodes

Ground electrodes come in various types to establish an effective grounding system depending on soil characteristics and conditions. Key considerations for choosing an electrode include soil resistivity, pH, characteristics like depth to bedrock, and spacing between electrodes. Larger diameter rods are mostly for strength while longer rods can lower resistance depending on soil layers. Ufer grounds provide additional grounding when tied to rebar but should not be used alone. Proper application and grounding conductor type are also important factors.

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Hansika Rajapaksha
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75 views10 pages

Ground Electrodes Ground Electrodes

Ground electrodes come in various types to establish an effective grounding system depending on soil characteristics and conditions. Key considerations for choosing an electrode include soil resistivity, pH, characteristics like depth to bedrock, and spacing between electrodes. Larger diameter rods are mostly for strength while longer rods can lower resistance depending on soil layers. Ufer grounds provide additional grounding when tied to rebar but should not be used alone. Proper application and grounding conductor type are also important factors.

Uploaded by

Hansika Rajapaksha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ground Electrodes

1. Ground Electrodes
Types
yp -
Ground Rods:
Copper Clad Steel
Solid Copper
Galvanized
Stainless Steel
Enhanced
Ground Plates

Copper Ground Mesh


Ground Electrodes… Considerations
Soil Resistivity - Some soils, (such as sandy soils), have such high
resistivities that conventional gground rods or ground
g electrode
systems may be unable to attain the desired ground resistance
requirement. Enhanced ground electrodes or ground
enhancement materials may be required to meet the grounding
specification.

Soil PH/type
/ - PH a factor in choosing. Some ground rod types
work better in different soils.

Soil Characteristics - Some sites may have only a few inches of


soil (or none) sitting on top of bedrock. In this case, ground
mesh is the preferred electrode.
electrode (Never drill into bedrock).
bedrock)
Ground Mesh
Ground Electrodes
Electrodes… Considerations

Ground Rod Diameter - Doubling diameter of ground rod


reduces resistance only 10%. Using larger diameter ground
rods is mainly a strength issue (i.e.. In rocky conditions, a larger
diameter ground rod might be advantageous).

Ground
G d Rod
R d Length
L th - Doubling
D bli llengthth th
theoretically
ti ll reduces
d
resistance 40%, actual reduction depends on soil resistivities
encountered in multi-
layered soils.

Ground Rod Spacing - Approximately twice the length (in


good soil).
Ground Rod Driving Tip

• Don’t do this!
Ground Rod Spacing Rule of Thumb

Proper Spacing
1x length

Too Close
Ground Electrodes… Considerations

Ufer Grounds - Concrete


encased electrode. For
example, tying into the tower
footing rebar or building
pad rebar provides a Ufer
ground. Ufer grounds should
never be
b usedd as the
th sole
l
ground electrode.
Applications

Vertical Application Horizontal Application


Enhanced Ground Rods

Contain electrolytic salts that lower ground resistivity over time


Grounding Conductors

Types -
Grounding: Solid

Stranded

Flat Strap

Lightning: Rope Lay

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