Literature review
The Mosque in Islamic Architecture
The emergence of Islamic architecture was when the Prophet Muhammad immigrated to Medina.
The society of Medina was known to be more mild mannered when Prophet Muhammad
received symbols. Before the Prophet's hijrah to Medina, the obligatory prayer is only done in
private homes while they lived in Mecca (makiyah), and the residents could not accept the
religion brought by the Prophet Muhammad. The mosque that served as a congregational prayer
was first built in the village of Quba, on the way immigrated to Medina, the Prophet and Ali Bin
Abi Talib set up a very simple mosque. The building consists of a rectangular with a six
colonnaded portico. The first mosque in Islam socialization is merely a place to prostration,
prayerhall and shelter from the hot sun. Recorded in history that the mosque was built in the
early 12 Rabiul Awal, Hijri year. In the Prophet's mosque was also the first to perform Friday
prayers. The early emergence of milestone of Islamic architecture was the residence of Prophet
which also functioned as a mosque and a gathering place for friends to listen to a sermon of
Prophet Muhammad. The building is nuanced Arabic in 622 AD, open square with a length of 56
m2. The emphasis was on the subject of simplicity and tranquility in everyday life of the
Prophet. The building is spacious and covered almost plain, wall covering along the inside wall
facing the Qiblat, and called zulla, or shelter, with a field of palm trees and the leaves serve as
the roof plastered with grass.
The Concept of the Mosque in the Islamic View.
1. Common understanding of the mosque
The word comes from the Arabic mosque, the "sujudan" with the verb 'sajada' which means he
has bowed down. Derived from the Arabic mosque is sajada which means the bow or worship
Allah SWT4.Hadits of the Prophet Muhammad which states "have become for us the earths as
place of prostration and clean condition. From the Hadith, it is clear that the notion of a mosque
is a place of prostrating and worshiping Allah, other than that contained in the sense that the
worship of Allah, Moslems are not bound by space, this is in accordance with the letter
An Nuur:
"Hymn to God in the mosques that have
been ordered to be glorified and called
his name in it, in the morning and
evening, men are not done by
commercial and not (also) by the sale of
the remembrance of Allah, and (of)
establish worship, and (from) to pay
zakat. They fear that one day (in the
day) heart and vision to be shaken.
"(QS.An Nuur: 36-37)5.
2. The Meaning of Mosque
The Capacity of mosque essentially covers two basic meanings, namely: besides as a place of
worship to Allah SWT, the mosque is also significant as the Islamic culture, as the center of
cultural activities and religious teachings of Islam as a manifestation of the godly6.
3. The Status and the Missions of Mosque
The mosque has a status as a property of Allah mentioned in the Qur'an: mosques belong to
Allah, so do not call anything with God ". (QS. Al-Jinn: 18)7. Has the meaning of the verse:
a. All mosques have standing before Allah Almighty.
b. A mosque is not a property of individuals, the state or certain groups.
c. A mosque is for all Moslems, the faithful to worship and prostrate to Allah alone.
4. The Function of Mosque
The function of the mosque in the teachings of Islam as taught by Prophet Muhammad, is the
place to carry out a credible form of worship and muamalah.
a. The function of the mosque as a place of worship and muamalah
1. Place of execution of obligatory prayers and other sunnah prayers
2. Place of execution of obligatory zakat fitrah division during the holy of Ramadhan month
3. Place of supporting the implementation of obligatory fasting during the holy of Ramadhan
month, which is to tarawih pray in the evening, Itikaf (staying in the mosque for prayer and
remembrance).
b. The function of the mosque as a place of muamalah activities Mosque functions as a place for
muamalah activities. for example, serves as a place for teaching and learning, administer
endowments of goods, the reception of foreign delegations of war strategy and weaponry,
perform weddings, lodging for travelers, practicing and performing arts and others. At the time
of Prophet Muhammad SAW or in the later, the mosque became the center of activity or central
moslems. Activities in the field of government, including ideological, political, economic, social,
judicial and military, discussed and resolved at the mosque institution. Mosques also serves as a
center for the development of Islamic culture. Some of the functions included in the
mosque:
1. The mosque is a place of worship to Allah SWT.
2. The mosque is where moslem does the itikaf, washed to obey and foster inner awareness and
inner experience/religion that has always maintained a balance of body and soul as well as the
integrity of the personality.
REFERENCES
Hasyim H, et al. Philosophy of Culture and Islamic architecture. Set of tasks Architecture
Lecture Principles IV Faculty of Engineering Department of Architecture Moslem University
Indonesia. Makassar (2004), pp 3-4.
2 Yulianto Sumalyo. Architectural and Historical Monuments Moslem Mosque. Gadjah
MadaUniversity Press . (2000). pp 1-2.
3. Moses Asy'arie. Philosophy On Islamic Culture.Yogyakarta Publisher , (1999) pp 12-14.
4. Assad, M. Islam at the Crossroads. Bandung,(1974) pp 1-3
5. Ibn Kathir, "Tafsir Al Qur-an", Al-Azhim, Mustafa
Muhammad, 1365 H. pp 701-774
