SCRAPBOOK IN SCIENCE
1 GRADING
st
RONALD B. DOTILLOS Jr.
VI-XIII-MARTYRS
Mrs. EMALYN P. SANTOS
Almost around us is matter. It appears in different forms or phases. MATTER has
it’s composition and characteristics. The unique characteristics of each kind of MATTER
are based on the kind of particles it is made up. MATTER is classified as pure substance
and mixture. PURE SUBSTANCE is classified into elements and compound.
SUBSTANCE
is a kind of matter which has a uniform composition.
MIXTURE
is a composition or combination of different substance and other materials.
WHAT MAKES UP MATTER
MATTER is made up of the smallest particle called Molecules.
MOLECULES are made up of the particles called Atom. Molecules are arranged
and behave : Solid, Liquid, Gas .
ATOM AND MOLECULES
ATOM – is the smallest particles of matter which cannot be further subdrived. Atom
came from the greek word “Atomos” means indestructible.
Particles of Atom
Electron – negative charged particles
Proton – positively charged particles
Neutron – neutrally charged particles
Atomic number – elements tell the number of electrons on protons present in an
Atomic mass – the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom .To get the
number of neutrons in an atom, subtract the number of protons from their atomic weight.
Atom form molecules
Molecules are still made up of smaller particles called Atom. When atom combined they
form Molecules.
Matter – classified as pure substances and mixture.
Pure substance – is classified as elements and compound.
Elements –is made up of one kind of atom while a compound is made up of two or more
atoms of different elements chemically combined.
Mixture – is classified as homogenous heterogeneous.
Homogenous mixture – the properties of substance become uniform.
Heterogeneous mixture – the individual components are recognizable.
Soluble – a substance that dissolves in a solvent is said to be soluble in a solvent.
Insoluble – a substance that does not dissolves in a solvent is said to be insoluble.
Solvent - a substance that dissolves a solute
Solute – a substance that dissolve in another substance.
Kinds of mixtures
Solution – are homogenous mixture having two or more components uniformly
distributed. It is formed when one substance dissolved in another substance.
Suspensions – are heterogeneous mixtures where components can be clearly
distinguished from each other and are large enough to be seen, some substances that do
not mix when combined, they just settle at the bottom or float on top, this mixture called
suspensions.
Colloids – are generally considered as heterogeneous mixture, but it have some qualities
of homogenous mixture as well.
DIFFERENT WAYS TO SEPARATE MIXTURES
HAND PICKING
Some of the substances are easily separable just by taking out by hand. This
method of separation is known as HAND PICKING. But some of them cannot be remove
by hand and we need some other method of separation for such as mixtures. For example,
separating of stones and insects from rice can separate by hand. But in case of tea and tea
leaves, the method of hand picking is not sufficient for separation and a filter is required.
WINNOWING
An agriculture method developed by ancient cultures from separating grain from
chaff. It is also used to remove hay and chaff or other pests from stored grain, meaning to
free (grain) from the lighter particles of chaff, dirt, etc. especially by throwing it into air
and allowing the wind to blow any impurities.
DECANTATION
A technique used in separating a less dense substance from a denser one. In this
process the mixtures is left undisturbed. When the components are separated, the less-
dense substance can be removed by scooping using a spoon or it can be slowly pouring
out the less-dense substance.
Mixtures of metals and non-metals could be separated using a magnet. Metals are
attracted to the magnet while the other is not in this separation of metal and non- metal is
easy. Magnetic substance is substances that containing aligned dipoles. Dipoles are
spinning electrons. In order for something to be magnetic, its dipoles must be aligned
with each other. Natural magnet are normal rocks that have the property of attracting
iron.
Magnetic material - materials that are attracted by magnet are called magnetic
materials. Examples of magnetic materials include iron, cobalt, nickel, and steel.
Non-magnetic materials – materials that are not attracted by magnets are called
non-magnetic materials. Examples of non-magnetic materials include rubber, plastic,
stainless steel, feather, paper, mica, gold, silver, leather, etc.
KINDS OF MAGNETS
WAND MAGNET
BAR MAGNET
HORSESHOE MAGNET
DOUGHNUT MAGNET
USES OF MAGNETS
They are used to slow down roller coasters and subways.
Televisions, computers, microwave, ovens, and refrigerators all operate with magnets.
Magnets are even placed in the stomach of cows to catch metals.
Characteristics of magnets
They are usually made of iron.
They can also repel other magnets.
They have two ends called magnetic poles.
They can attract some materials.
Magnet
A stone or a piece of metal that attracts some other metal.
Attract
To pull towards each other.
Repel
To push away from each other.
Poles
The ends of magnet.
Every magnets has at least one north pole and south pole.
The blue end of a magnet is the
south pole.
The red end of a magnet is the
north pole.
Magnets can attract other magnets but can also attract
magnetic materials. Magnetic materials are always metals but only
few metals are magnetic.
