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Linux File System Basics

This document discusses navigating file systems in Linux. It covers the tree structure of the file system, the file system hierarchy standard which defines the top-level directories, path names including absolute and relative paths, basic file system commands like pwd, ls, cd, and find. It also covers creating new directories using mkdir and removing directories using rmdir or rm -r.

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116 views9 pages

Linux File System Basics

This document discusses navigating file systems in Linux. It covers the tree structure of the file system, the file system hierarchy standard which defines the top-level directories, path names including absolute and relative paths, basic file system commands like pwd, ls, cd, and find. It also covers creating new directories using mkdir and removing directories using rmdir or rm -r.

Uploaded by

mo3awia2099
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Navigating the File Systems

Module 4 Navigating the File Systems


 Introduction
A file system is the methods and the data structures
that an operating system uses to keep track of files.

 Topics
 The Tree Structure
 The File System Hierarchy
 Path Names
 Basic File System Commands
 Create and Remove Directories

Eng. Ghassan Abuelwafa 0912235453 2


The Tree Structure
 Linux File Structure

 Example:
/home/condron/source/xntp
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The File System Hierarchy
 File System Hierarchy Standard (FHS)

 The directories and files noted here are small


subsets of those specified by the FHS document.
 The /dev/ Directory
 The /etc/ Directory
 The /lib/ Directory
 The /mnt/ Directory
 The /opt/ Directory
 The /proc/ Directory
 The /sbin/ Directory

Eng. Ghassan Abuelwafa 0912235453 4


Path Names
 A PATH is an environment variable that is a list of
directories that the operating system looks in to find
commands issued by the user.

Example 1: # whereis ls

ls: /bin/ls /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz

 There are two types of path names

 Relative Path
 Absolute Path
Contd…
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Path Names
 Absolute path

 Accessing a particular directory or file from the other


location, by typing the full details of path.
 Absolute path starts with the root (/) directory. It includes all
directories and sub-directories.
 A relative path starts in your present working directory.

 Relative path

 Accessing a particular directory or file from same location, by


typing the file or directory name.
 In the case of relative path, the path does not start with a slash.
 Paths that don’t start with a slash are always relative.

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Basic File System Commands
 pwd It displays the user’s present working
directory.

 ls Lists the contents of the files and directories

 cd Changes and also opens the directory.

 cat It combines files and print on the standard


output

 find Command The find command searches for files and


directories in the file hierarchy.
Syntax
find <path> -name <file name>
Example: find / -name file1
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Create and Remove Directories
 Creating directories

 Use mkdir command to create a new directory

Syntax
# mkdir <new directory name>
Example: mkdir dir1

 Removing directories
 There are two commands you can use for removing
directories.
rmdir
rm -r

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Lab Exercise
 How will you create a new directory?

 Use rm –r to remove the existing directory.

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