SCADA SYSTEM

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Agenda
 Introduction
 History
 What is SCADA?
 Why SCADA?
 Definitions of SCADA
 SCADA Software
 Classifications of a SCADA system
 Elements of SCADA system?
 Where is SCADA used?
 What types of SCADA are there?
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History
 1971 first PLC
 1990 software graphical display, windows
 1980 Communication integration, High-speed
networks and communication systems

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What is SCADA?
 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
 Supervisory
 Operator/s, engineer/s, supervisor/s, etc
 Control
 Monitoring
 Limited
 Telemetry
 Remote/Local
 Data acquisition
 Access and acquire information or data from the
equipment
 Sends it to different sites through telemetry
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 Analog / Digital
Why SCADA?
 Saves Time and Money
 Less traveling for workers
 Reduces man-power needs
 Increases production efficiency of a company
 Cost effective for power systems
 Saves energy
 Reliable
 Supervisory control over a particular system
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Definitions
HMI Human Machine Interface
The operator interface, in the form of process graphic
displays and historical trends.

SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. can

be considered any combination of PLCs and HMI
workstations, supported by a communication network
for both in-plant facilities and remote sites that
functions as a fully integrated system.

PLC Programmable Logic Controllers

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PPC Programmable Process Controllers

Definitions …
RTU Remote Terminal Units. connect to sensors in the
process and convert sensor signals to digital data.

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SCADA software
SCADA software involves much more than a set of
engineering drawings; the application software for a
SCADA project involves:
• spreadsheets,
• design documents,
• user reference manual material and
• detailed program information

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PLC software
IEC 61131-3 PLC programming language standard.
Defines:
• Ladder diagram (graphical)
• Function block diagram (graphical)
• Structured text (textual)
• Instruction list (textural)
• Sequential function chart
• Continuous function chart

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Classifications
 Anatomy of a SCADA system?
 Elements of SCADA
 Levels of SCADA
 Where is SCADA used?
 Different applications of SCADA systems?
 What types of SCADA are there?
 Component manufacturers and system manufacturers
of the SCADA systems?
 Automation Solutions
 Software
 Hardware 10
Elements of SCADA
Elements of a SCADA system
 Sensors and actuators
 RTUs/PLCs
 Communication
 MTU
 Front End Processor
 SCADA server
 Historical/Redundant/Safety Server
 HMI computer
 HMI software
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Sensors / Actuators
Types of sensors: Actuators:

 Pressure sensors  Valves

 Temperature sensors  Pumps
 Light sensors  Motors
 Humidity sensors
 Wind speed sensors
 Water level sensors
 Distance sensors
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RTUs
RTU – Remote Terminal Unit
 Intelligent to control a process and multiple processes
 Data logging and alarm handling
 Expandable
 Asks the field devices for information
 Can control IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Device)
 Slave/Master device

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Alarms
Types of alarms:

 Good alarms
 Critical failure alarms

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Safety instrumented systems
Actions:

 Override the normal control system

 Take over the actuators

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PLCs
PLC – Programmable Logic Controller

 Ladder logic
 Industrial computer that replaced relays
 Not a protocol converter
 Cannot control IEDs
 Communication compatibilities
 Takes actions based on its inputs

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Communication
Communication systems:

 Switched Telephone Network

 Leased lines
 Private Network (LAN/RS-485)
 Internet
 Wireless Communication systems
 Wireless LAN
 Global System for Mobile Communication
(GSM) Network 17
 Radio modems
Communication ... Topology
Bus Start

Token ring

Start topology

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Communication ...
Protocols:

 MODBUS
 DNP 3.0
 Fieldbus
 Controller Area Network (CAN)
 Profibus
 DirectNet
 TCP/IP
 Ethernet 19
Communication ...
Levels:

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Communication ...
Media Standards:

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Communication ...
Protocols:
Should be OPEN communication protocols

 There is substantial published data regarding

their reliability and performance characteristics.
 Technical support is available from multiple
sources.
 There are larger numbers of competing
compatible devices to select from.
 Systems may be modified or expanded
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without requiring sole-source proprietary
contracts.
Front End Processor
Front End Processor

 Gathers all communications and converts them

into SCADA friendly communication
 Communication interface between several RTU
channels and the host Master Station computer

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SCADA server
SCADA Server

 It can be a Web server

 Data logging
 Analyzing data
 Serve the clients through a firewall
 Clients connected in the corporation or connected
outside through internet
 Real-time decision maker
 Asks RTU for information 24
Historical server
Historical/Safety/Redundant Server

 Logs the data from the SCADA server and

stores it as a backup, in case of a disaster
 It is basically a safety server

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Distributed Database
A structured set of data held in a computer that may
be stored in multiple computers, located in the
same physical location; or may be dispersed over a
network of interconnected computers.
Charateristics
 Replication
 Duplication

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HMI Computer
Human Machine Interface Computer

 Access on the SCADA Server

 Control the system
 Operator Interface
 Software
 User friendly
 Programmable (C, C++)

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CC
CC – Centralized Control
 All sensors, actuators, and other equipment within
the facility are connected to a single controller or
group of controllers located in a common control
room
 Subordinate to SCADA

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DCS
DCS – Distributed Control System
 Process oriented – tendency to do something
 Not event oriented – does not depend on circumstances
 Local control over the devices
 Subordinate to SCADA

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Generations of SCADA
 First. Monolithic SCADA systems. FIELD
SCADA standalone systems with virtually no
connectivity to other system.
 Devices
 RTUs / PLCs
 Sensors

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Generations of SCADA …
 Second. Distributed SCADA systems.
TELECOMUNICATIONS
SCADA distributed systems use miniaturization
and Local Area Networking (LAN)
Improve redundancy and reliability of the system
as a whole.
 Fiber
 Radio
 Telephone line
 Protocols
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Generations of SCADA …
 Third. Networked SCADA systems.
It is the second generation plus with an open
system architecture, open standards and protocols.
Uses wide area network (WAN)
Operator Workstations
 Control
 Engineering Workstations
 Servers – Data logging

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Generations of SCADA …
 Fourth. Internet of things. IoT
is the interconnection of uniquely identifiable
embedded computing devices within the existing
Internet infrastructure
Corporate LAN/WAN
 World Wide Web
 Virtual Private Network
 Firewall for remote users

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Where is SCADA used?
Main SCADA applications:
 Water and Wastewater
 Power
 Oil and Gas
 Research facilities
 Transportation
 Security systems
 Siren systems
 Irrigation
 Communication control 34
SCADA examples
SCADA examples:

 Gas control systems

 Water control systems
 Power systems

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Gas SCADA

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Water SCADA

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Power SCADA

power 38
control
SCADA system types
Three types of basic SCADA systems:

 Basic SCADA
 One machine process
 One RTU and MTU
 Integrated SCADA
 Multiple RTUs
 DCS
 Networked SCADA
 Multiple SCADA 39
Basic SCADA

Car manufacturing robot

 Room temperature control

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Integrated SCADA

 Water systems
 Subway systems
 Security systems

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Networked SCADA

 Power systems
 Communication
systems

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Automation solutions
SCADA system manufacturers

 Modular SCADA, UK
 MOSCAD, Motorola
 Rockwell Automation
 ABCO
 ABB
 Lantronix

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SCADA Hardware
SCADA Hardware manufacturers

 Rockwell Allen Bradley

 General Electric (GE)
 Emerson
 Schneider Electric

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SCADA Software
SCADA Software manufacturers

 Intellution (Fix 32)

 Iconics (Genesis32 v7.0)
 Wonderware (InTouch)
 Citect (CitectSCADA 5.42)
 National Instruments (Lookout SCADA)

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