Course Code Course Title
PHM 104 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-IA (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology)
Semester I Credits Hrs. 3 Contact Hrs. 4
(Th) (Th+Pr)
Prerequisites None Knowledge Area
Basic Medical Sciences
Course This program will enable students to have a thorough education in basic
Objectives knowledge of molecular biology, cellular biology, and cellular and molecular
biochemistry. At the practical level, this program will help students to have
extensive knowledge of basic laboratory techniques of biochemistry and
biochemical analyses, and will make them competent in the most-extensively used
techniques in the cellular, molecular, and biochemical laboratories.
Course Outline
1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND BASIC BIOCHEMICAL PRINCIPLES:
Role of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Biochemistry in the health profession. Nature
of biochemical reactions.
2. BASIC CHEMISTRY OF BIOMOLECULES:
(Nature, Classification etc.)
a. Carbohydrates: Chemistry, Classification, Reactions of Carbohydrates, Optical activity,
Biological and pharmaceutical importance of carbohydrates.
b. Lipids: Chemistry of Fatty acids and Lipids, Classification (Saponifiable and non-
saponifiable lipids, Simple, Complex and Derived lipids), Reactions of Fatty acids and
other Lipids, Essential fatty acids, Biological and pharmaceutical importance of lipids.
c. Proteins and Amino acids: Chemistry, Classification of proteins and amino acids,
Reactions of proteins and amino acids, Organizational levels, Macromolecular nature of
proteins, Biological and pharmaceutical importance of proteins and amino acids.
d. Nucleic Acids: Chemistry, Types (DNA, RNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA), Purine and
Pyrimidine bases, Nucelosides, Nucelotides, Structures of nucleic acids, Biological and
pharmaceutical importance of nucleic acids.
e. Vitamins: Chemistry, Classification (Fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins), Biological
and pharmaceutical importance of vitamins.
f. Hormones: Chemistry, Classification (Proteinous and nonproteinous hormones, amino
acid derivatives, steroids), Biological and pharmaceutical importance of hormones.
g. Enzymes: Chemistry, Classification, Mode of action, Kinetics (Michaelis Menten Equation
and some modifications), Inhibition, Activation, Specificity, Allosteric enzymes, Factors
affecting the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, Biological and pharmaceutical
importance, Mechanism of action of some important enzymes (Chymotrypsin,
Ribonuclease).
h. Molecular Biochemistry: Introduction to Molecular Biochemistry and its relation with
Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, and its co relation with the Physiology and Pathophysiology.
Basic molecular biochemistry techniques theoretical overview will be done. To enable the
students at this level to understand advanced biochemical pathways and molecular changes
of significance.
Lab Outline
1. Qualitative analysis:
2. Carbohydrates
3. Amino acids
4. Peptides and Sugar
5. Proteins
6. Uric acid
7. Lipids and Sterols (Cholesterol)
8. Bile salts, Billirubin
9. Analysis of Cholesterol and Creatinine in Blood
10. Quantitative analysis:
1. Carbohydrates-Glucose (reducing sugar) and any other carbohydrate using Benedict and
Anthrone method,
2. Amino acids, Peptides and Proteins using Biuret and Ninhydrin (Spectrophotometric)
method. Analysis of normal and abnormal components of Urine-Sugar, Uric acid,
Billirubin, Cholesterol and Creatinine
NOTE: Practical of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above
mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the facilities, hazard and safety in the clinical
biochemistry laboratory, and explaining the mechanisms at molecular level
Reference Material
1. Lehninger AL. Principles of Biochemistry. 7th edition
2. Fundamentals of Biochemistry, 5th Edition; Voet, Voet and Pratt's
3. Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L. Biochemistry. 7th Ed. WH Freeman and Company; 2010.
4. Bishop ML, Fody EP, Schoeff LE. Clinical Chemistry: Techniques, Principles and Correlations. 6th Ed.
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009.
5. Champe PC, Harvey RA. Illustrated Biochemistry. 4th Ed. Lippincot Company; 2007.
6. Chaterjee MN. Medical Biochemistry. 7th Ed. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2007.
7. Conn EE, Stumpf PK. Outlines of Biochemistry. 5th Ed. John Willey & Sons; 1999.
8. Murray R, Rodwell V, Bender D, Kathleen M, Botham P, Weil A et al. Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry. 28th
Ed. Print-Hall; 2009.
9. West ES, Todd RW, Van BTJ. Text Book of Biochemistry. The MacMillan Co; 1996.
Course Code Course Title
PHM 107 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-IB (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology)
Semester II Credits (Th) 3 Contact Hrs (Th+Pr) 4
Prerequisites None Knowledge Area
Course In the second phase complex Biochemical pathways will be discussed based on
Objectives previous knowledge build on molecular and biochemical knowledge and they will
be interlinked with the metabolic disorders and genetic anomalies, and
pharmacological strategies.
Course Outline
1. METABOLIC FATE OF BIOMOLECULES (Anabolism and Catabolism):
a. Carbohydrates: Brief introduction to the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates,
Aerobic and anaerobic breakdown of Glucose, Glycolysis, Pentose Phosphate Pathway,
Glycogenolysis, Glycogenesis, Gluconeogenesis, Citric acid cycle, Energetics of various
metabolic processes.
b. Lipids: Brief introduction to the digestion and absorption of lipids, Oxidation of fatty acids
through β-oxidation, Biosynthesis of fatty acids, neutral lipids and cholesterol.
c. Proteins and Amino acids: Brief introduction to the digestion and absorption of proteins
and amino acids, Metabolism of essential and non-essential amino acids, Biosynthesis and
catabolism of Haemins and porphyrin compounds.
d. Bioenergetics: Principles of bioenergetics, Electron transport chain and oxidative
phosphorylation.
2. REGULATION OF METABOLIC PROCESSES:
a. Role of Vitamins: Physiological role of Fat-soluble (A, D, E and K) and Water-soluble
(Thiamin, Riboflavin, Pantothenic acid, Niacin, Pyridoxal phosphate, Biotin, Folic acid,
Cyanocobalamin-members of B-complex family and Ascorbic acid), Coenzymes and their
role in the regulation of metabolic processes.
b. Receptor mediated regulation (Hormones): Mechanism of action of hormones,
Physiological roles of various hormones, Site of synthesis and target sites of hormones.
c. Secondary Messengers: Role of cAMP, Calcium ions and phosphoinositol in the
regulation of metabolic processes.
d. Gene Expression: Replication, Transcription and Translation (Gene expression)
Introduction to Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Basic principles of Recombinant
DNA technology, Pharmaceutical applications, Balance of Catabolic, Anabolic and
Amphibolic processes in human metabolism, Acid-Base and Electrolyte Balance in Human
body.
3. INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Introduction and importance of the
clinical chemistry. Laboratory tests in diagnosis of diseases including Uric acid, Cholesterol,
Billirubin and Creatinine.
4. APPLICATION OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TECHNIQUES: The theoretical
knowledge for practical application of molecular biology techniques in biochemistry will be
taught and students will perform in laboratories, e.g., SDS-PAGE, AGAROSE GEL, PCR,
REALTIME PCR, FLOWCYTOMETERY, WESTERN BLOTTING etc
NOTE: The topics will be taught with special reference to their Pharmaceutical Applications.
Lab Outline
1. Qualitative analysis:
Carbohydrates, Amino acids, Peptides and Sugar, Uric acid, Proteins, Lipids and Sterols
(Cholesterol), Bile salts, Billirubin, Analysis of Cholesterol and Creatinine in Blood.
2. Quantitative analysis:
Carbohydrates-Glucose (reducing sugar) and any other carbohydrate using Benedict and
Anthrone method, Amino acids, Peptides and Proteins using Biuret and Ninhydrin
(Spectrophotometric) method. Analysis of normal & abnormal components of Urine-Sugar,
Uric acid, Billirubin, Cholesterol and Creatinine.
3. Introduction to Molecular Biochemistry Techniques:
1. SDS-PAGE Gel preparation and principle
2. Western blot principle and demonstration
3. Agarose Gel preparation and principle
4. PCR preparation and principle
5. Introduction to flowcytometry
6. Introduction to FPLC, AUC, Crystallography etc
Reference Material
1. Lehninger AL. Principles of Biochemistry. 7th edition
2. Fundamentals of Biochemistry, 5th Edition; Voet, Voet and Pratt's
3. Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L. Biochemistry. 7th Ed. WH Freeman and Company; 2010.
4. Bishop ML, Fody EP, Schoeff LE. Clinical Chemistry: Techniques, Principles and Correlations. 6th Ed.
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009.
5. Champe PC, Harvey RA. Illustrated Biochemistry. 4th Ed. Lippincot Company; 2007.
6. Chaterjee MN. Medical Biochemistry. 7th Ed. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2007.
7. Conn EE, Stumpf PK. Outlines of Biochemistry. 5th Ed. John Willey & Sons; 1999.
8. Murray R, Rodwell V, Bender D, Kathleen M, Botham P, Weil A et al. Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry. 28th
Ed. Print-Hall; 2009.
9. West ES, Todd RW, Van BTJ. Text Book of Biochemistry. The MacMillan Co; 1996.
