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431 views29 pagesWELDING GUIDE PetroFac PDF
Uploaded by
Murali D MurthyCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 29
y
Pr nuCag
Introduetion
This handbook hes been prepared! to provide PEC welding QC
and consruston porontel wi ast of general inspection
Gullelines ard technica Ivermaton To snsure 2 content
‘att of construsion works onal ESC poets
Received By
Contents
Inoducton 2
Viele Quaiatons 6
Procedure Guaicton Records 3
Wieking Consumables 50
Pre-Heat and Post Heat Treatment 3
Fabeeation 7
Wilang Gases =
Wiig Symbol 2
Safety in Walding 9%
Conversion Tables & General nfnaton 00
4
Duties of the Welding Inspector
tis he duty of the welding inspector to ence that all
Dperatons cotceming welding ae cared out in accordance
‘wih wien, approved procodures ard speciation, The
Tesponsbites ofa welding inspector are gen below
+ Read and ilerpret all applicable welding drawings and
Spocicatons.
+ Cheek purchase oes to ensure that wedng materia and
onaumables have been propery speced,
+ Check and entity materiis as they are recehed agaist
the purchase specications
‘Check the chemical composions and mechanical
Properties shown on mil West roprts agin! spected
foquremente
+ heck storage contin filer meters
+ Chock equipment boing used (calaon sta, visto
condion)
+ Check wed eit reparations
+ Very the mainlenance of welding parameters
(CarenvctaeMet hilo apoteaiie sta
+ Chock joint r-up
+ ery appcation of approved welling prcedre
+ Verity quatcations of welders and woking operators
+ Sele production est samples a appetie
| + Evatt tet rests: Desttve & Non-Destutva
+ Manin cords
rapa ope Dutis of the Welding Inspector
‘Goowledas of drawings & specifeatons:,
‘Advance study of cravings & spectesions,constton i
‘etal, MOC, welding procedure heat reatmen
+ Obtain necessary clrifeatondetais from DeskevProject
‘ngineer
my in
+ Precise ineprelatin & gecon cing inspection
+ Penning or rejecting devatons observed
* Doside feasity of correcting eroievaton for large
‘compan
+ Determining specieaions which arena defined,
‘MatrialVerfeaton:
* Advan sid of dravings & spoctealons, constuction in
‘ola, MOC, wetang proescire, heat atm,
+ The specication for aw mail, ASTM A 100 Grade?
+ Consumato fie lecrode e.g. E70 Xk
+ Shing gos, backing materi
+ As far a6 possble ensire fat oral markings. aro
preserves
+ Transfer identfcalion mas beter cating, whe required
* Sometimes may bo necessary to preserve eoitode cases
packets wih orginal batch number
Duties of the Welding Inspector
Inspection before Woldina:
Sate
Ensure that all operators are cartid out a compliance with
local, company’ or National Salty reguniona ho. sees
safe practors he should stop tho work and report the
incon
Documentation
~ Read and undersand the projet spctcations. and
‘hove coe in dt ek Jour super,
Check ta he caret sono the caning i uso
Check WS nd weler uaieslon opera
Wieling and retos equpment Ror reurecttaton
ceitets, crs,
Iimpoctonisrumons are coated as oud
Incoming mala, ping, gs, wating consunaios
{eth eect pom race They ay eee see
aa have tho req cefeaton
Materia compostion & conden of mates
"ype of edge prepaaon, method end tach
Duties ofthe Walang Inepector
Storage of r
* Gheck storage conditions, 29. Low Hydrogen Elechode
ord 9. Low Hydrogen
* Ghock welsing machine type, ts capability, clan of
anwmeter, voter
Wald joint proparation:
* Check ego proparaton fit fo:
= Probable lamination
Bove angle, rot ace
= Preforabe to have gages
+ Geaniness (ree o axéaton, olizeese)
altestion. a
* Etabish writ welding procedure specfestons
+ Qual procedures based on varius WPS
+ Qualify Welders based en various WPS
+ Vey records of vay
+ olerpret qualteaton ranges
5
Duties of the Welding Inspector
Documentation
“sinter ty win, Ae
shiaing and Wackng gies canpaasr) ond spo
tra reatement or sacra EO) a sda
+ Weld pronssses
+ Gating, Bavting and Fp,
+ Check creck revision ef aig
+ Heat no's mata and coor eoes a ranted and
rocrde s eed
+ Cost method of cling (greet maybe reid rr
tocutng
+ Cacti geomet 28 perth Ws
+ Rete preset poe ack voig.
* Gaecatoton pecans rome fk, jo, ho up
siomen
+ Quaid welds fr takin
k luring Weld
+ Quaid weer or tacking,
+ Wilsng process
Weather conditions, 1s the wetiment suitably protected
‘tome eementa
Comect pre-test
fend inter-pass —sppication and Duties ofthe Welding Inspector
Inspection during Weta:
+ Joint proparation
Filer metas
Conrotof distortion
Qualied woke.
‘Weng consumabis ar the corset ype, not damaged
and are stored corey 1a healed quivers or Vacuum
packs
‘Weiling andlor purging gas (ype, fow rat, contol
mato
In_process Inspection, welding paraneters comply with
\WeS (vols, amps, rave epetd, heat input for Impact
lasted soe),
Inter run elaning, dedicated tools for corrosion reitant
alloys
Maxam or minimum inter pass temperature, temperature
Dutios of the Welding Inspector
Inspection after Welding:
+ Visual inspection of acceptable joint a8 par the approprot
‘pectcaton
+ Dimensional accuracy & conformity to drawings. and
specticatione
‘Inspection after Wetting,
+ Welds corey rumibered,
+ Welter6) have marked the Jolnt wit Nsthere stamp
rambors
+ NDE as required (method, technician qualified, executed
come).
nity repairs from review of visual and NDE report,
Repair area is marked corecty and welded wih an
Spproved wider and WPS,
Revinspect terres vith views and NDE,
tenes Seer es
on Ae seerense ame
Se
Seem oF or ste] So aN oe
; a
es —————
pe
Summation ocnton | Pony
aman a
ae aie erase
* Hyeérogen inthe welé mmtal andlor tas afleced zone
Ineduced “either” trough mastue nthe wading
‘consumable or shielding gas. Poor preperation ofthe base
etl pir wong, al rust, grease, rl sale shoud be
remeved ae the wad preparation clone fo bight sound
relat
+ Insutient wold za,
+ High ove fant retaint.
+ oor joint desig anlar preparation
Rapid cooling ees
Make sure tt consumables are corset Weated and
Make sure the weldment clean priortowelang,
* Increase th wel! sz opt thks,
Reduce joint restraint woh proper design,
‘Amore duce weld metal maybe ree,
‘Slowdown te coin ral, by use ef pre-het and herd
Insulation aor wedng.
+ Arlen sok
+ eng ements o0 Hoh
+ Tvl speed nh
tessof os shiing
Op or eam feted soot.
Hn sondteaten ae
frevcton,
+ Make sure the went sn roo web.
+ ain poner eg
“Use proper einai or he size of consumable
Used peti one WP
+ Ren tal peed spd on he Ws.
hook tn wet spce nv ee rug
+ Ghest siting gue Yow aon comple wih ho
+ Chek consis a trated and sted rated yan
Sowove povoe
+ Peet cease het pt pina Duties of the Welding inspector
3+ Undoreuting:
causes:
+ Amperage to high
+ Arclength i bo ong
* Trmvel speed io high,
+ Poor elects manipulation.
+ Intor pass temparatur 00 hgh
+ A blew wi OC eurent,
Prevention:
* Use proper welding curet for the size of consumable
used a8 epoctd on tho WPS.
+ Meinainpoper are ath,
+ Reduce vel peed, a8 speci on te WPS,
* Covet tcnique especaty vn west, quate
+ Use the max intorpass temperature as spaced on the
ws.
+ Make sure earth rtm lod! connsciod drety to the
weldment
2
Duties of the Welding Inspector
5 Slag ncusion
Causes:
* Poor interpass cleaning
+ Excessive weaving.
+ Era vv epee
+ Poor jt geometry,
+ Uneven wed surfacos with sharp eevons
revetion;
+ Proper leaning moths between pases
+ Keep bead wth otha spected onthe WPS,
+ Keep travel poods in omplane wih WPS,
+ Male sure bevel angles ara. a8 speciec ont WPS.
+ Make the surface of smooth contour and. gl uneven
bad
+ cuss PonstatonsBurn Tough:
Cases:
* Root gp toa wide
Foot face oo narow
‘Amperage to igh
Travel spe to ow
Poor tacsniue
Duties ofthe Welding Inspector
4 Lack of Fusionack of rot fusion:
Causes:
+Travel speed o high
+ Amperage to low
+ Faulty jit preperation, rot f2c2 too wile, rot gap too
sal
+ Tooley an electrode daetor
+ Los of shield gas
+ Wong elacvode angle
+ Nebiow
Prevention,
+ Use correc travel epoot as spected onthe WPS.
+ Use proper vellng curent forthe 20 of eonsumeble
‘sed a epected on the WPS.
* Check oi geomoty a6 spec on the WPS prior to
welt
+ Use the covet iamotar electrode,
+ Check shield gas fow rt; rik eure te waling are is
prolate rom the olement,
+ Use proper technique and quatifed welders,
* Make sure earth flum ed I connected decty tothe
weldment
8
Duties ofthe Wolding inspector
8. Excess Penetraton/Sum Through:
Prevention:
+ Root gap 28 specfiad on he WPS:
+ Root aco as spected on te WPS
+ Correct amperage as per he WPS
+ Gorect rave! speed as pec WPS
+ leider raining and quaieaton
Welder Quatieations
Webler perfomance quafeaton tats are irionded to
etemine the ably of welders and welding oparaiors to
Make eound welds using an approved watg procedure,
Requited tests and rags of qualiaten are depandent on
tho constuction code. used. ‘Summarized below ae the
‘equements ofthe vo most commonly used Cove, ASM
Seton Txand API “rib4. Mesa requrement ay be
Supplemented by atonal project specication requiem. ASME 1k Wolder Qualifcation Summary
Essential Variables Manual & Sem Automatic
Even Varabon SMAW eran
Pawan T = Backing ~
QW-402 a ~ Backir Joints 4
Joints: “a
was [48 ‘ange h Po Dia
16 ‘Change in Pipe Dia, Base Aleta [18 Change in P-No,
awe403 ‘goin pe re ane
ese eta 7 AF
Change in Pao
o le 415 ‘Change in F-No.
owsot
4 Chana nF, cane | 22 nt
net, a 23) Chane Fom sod or meta caved
30 ‘Change int weld deposits. fuk ood,
" 30 | Change of wat depot
4 + Peston ‘anos [4 “Poston
giao 7 Pastors | —3 Gangs aa]
a Cranae 4 awa08
_| || ="s =n Being
BEA | 4 | chengein center Pty
- 16 - ee _
(W462 Performance GuaiieationTickness Lints & | —QW-82 Perfomance Guaiication Thckness Lins &
“est Specinane “et Sposinone
Sp ONES ‘The "Thickness of weld metal is the total weld metal thickness,
son || #eosted by at wears and al processes In est Sxpon
Faeggend | Rost tend | occlusive ofthe wed reiorcement
ir | | nas:
sete, | 4230), ||» To quay using 86 or 60, 2 toa four ond specimens
se 2 | wate: 2] ° re touted To sunt 2 combat O26 and SO
ina sng st cup, ta fs bord specimen ae
Testa ‘etuted Seo GW3023 The po of bend te Sa Co
4a (10) x 1 ; ‘based on the weld metal thickness,
+ Coupons ted y ace a 0 bes sa bent o
ten ‘ei depots made by one wldr whoo ws
x [AM] woos | sewa |] procs er wo welders wh one pees eae Wie
o {Spel y och wale and each process set be preset
inthe camer suc of he appa tant space
=e x 2 + One face and root bend may be substituted for the two side
bon (4452.0) Thickneas of Weld Metal Qalied
(is) and over wih
2 maximum of roe
"ayers
Mam abe weld
* Thickness of test exupon of % (11m) oF over shal be
used for qlfying a combiraon of tee ar mate lore
seh of shom'moy tenant weg
‘aW-452.3 Groove Weld Dismetor Limits
‘Notes:
+ When mor tka ona welder andor ere than ane process
fant mor than one ler metal f-No used fo epost weld
total in' coupon, the kes of tre wa mot he
‘Coupon dopostd by each welder wih each process and
‘ech iler metal Fon becordanes wi be appeabe
Vatabie under GWI-404 sha be lormined and used
Inddoaly nthe: Thikness tof Weld Meta in the
Gaupon’ column to detemine the "Tisness ofWelé Metal
uals:
+ Two oF more pipe test coupons wih ifeent weld metal
Ihiekness may be used to detomino the Wald metal
thickness quaed and that thickness may be_ appl’ to
Production wots tothe smalstcmatr for wrch te
‘Walder is qualiiod in accordance wit OW-452.3,
2
(2-452. Filet Qualiization by Groove Wold Tost
ae
ens
ae
fh rine | | Ste
ity
Ouiside Diameter
of TestCouponin | Minimum | Maximum
(cm)
Less than #(25) | Stn Welded | _Unimitea
1(25)162 78 (73) | 1425) | _Unlted
‘Over2 71873) | 2770(73) | Unite
General Notes:
+ Type and number of tests requiod shall be In accordance
vat ca.
+ 27 n(73) OD i equiva’ of NPS 2% (ONS),
+ Based onthe above okamete ts & NPS 7 est coupon
‘quali fr min dametar of NPS 9
2
QW-452.5 Filet Weld Tost Performance)
‘Abas mara
thicknesses, Mt
suesand | |
ameter "278
(73) 00 and over
ioe
Tio2T base
‘mate
‘hikes Tm
fet sie ana | 4 | 4
Clarets 2 18
(13) 00 and over.
Note
an620
68)
tee
Filet
Less than
36 (5)
2 (W-452.5 Filet Wold Test (Prformance)
Genera Not:
+ Production assembly mockups. may be subsitued In
accordance with CW-1812-1. When peeducton assembly
Imockupe are sed, range qualified thal be lied fo tie
filet sto, bose meal icknesses ant contigraion of he
mock,
Note:
+ 2.18 i 73mm) ©. fs considered tha equivalent of NPS
2 Ye (ONBS). For smaller dame qualieatong, refer 10
‘viasa.4or avis,
+ ASME Section IX permits wolders end weling operators to
‘be qualified by radiography as. an arate to vss)
‘examination and mechanital teeing, rovided the folowing
ondtons ae met
24
(2W-321 Reteote
+ A.welder or welding operator wh fals one oF mare ofthe
tests prescribed in GUI-s04 or W306, a8 otal, may
be relested under tne olloting condos,
QW321.1 inmodiat Retest Using Visual Examination
+ When the qualilstion coupon has fated te vue
examination of QW.8024, retestng shill be by Wl
‘examination befor conducting the mechanical testing.
(When an irmatdat retest mace, the welder or woldng
‘operator shall mak to consecutive lest coupons for each
poslion wich he ha fale, af wach shal pase the
‘sual xaminaton requremans. The ecaminer may select
‘ne ofthe succesful oat coupon fom each set cf retest
coupons which pass th visual examination for condicting
the mechan esting
(W.324.2 immedi
+ When the gualeatin coupon hae fast the mechanical
{esting of W302, rtesing aha 36 by: mochoicl
fesing, Whon an inmea retet fe made, tho welder or
welding operater shall make two consatve tot coupon
foreach poston he hs fed al of wich shall pase he
lestrequterpants
Retaot Using Mechanica Testing
26
(2.2022 Radiographic Examination
When the wolder or welting operator i suai! ty
Fadlographic examirfon, 22° periied in GW-04
welders and QW305 fer welding operas, the mins
‘eng of coupon(s) to be examined. shal be 6 inches
(50mm) and shal Ince the ont wold eeeumorence
for pipes) excopt that for sma dameter pipe, mule
‘coupons ray be required, but the number need ot exceed
{our consecttvely made tost coupons, The RT ech
‘and acceptanca ertaia ‘shall ba im accordance win Gl
‘91
‘aM-s04 Woldore
* Except for the epocal rqulements of W280, each
elder who welds under te rule o the Code shal hae
Passed the mechanical an visual examination prescribed
fn QWies02.1 an? aW-3024 respectvay, Alemaively
lors manga groove wold using SMA, SAW, GTAW,
PAW ‘and. GMAW (except shert‘chouting mode) a
sombinaton of these processes, may bo qualod. by
tadiogrephie examination, xcept or P21 trough P25, Pt
Srough P53 and PGT tvcagh FE metas Wolgors making
sroove welés in P21 though 25 and PSN through Ps
molals vith the GTAW process may also be ualied by
radiographic examinaten The radogaptic examination
‘Shallbe m accordance wth CW.3022,
25
(QW321.3 immediate Retest Using Radiography
When the question coupon hee fated the radiographic
‘examination of QVi302.2 the Immediate rts shal bo by
{he raciagraphic examination method
* For welders and weidng operators tbe rales shall be to
‘adiogrphiay amine two 6. ch (160mm) pate
aupns: for pe, fo examine two pipes to atta 12 inch
(G00mm) of wed, which shal Inelade the entre. weld
_rcumetence for pe of pipes (fo smal dameter pps the
teal numberof corsocutnaly made fast coupons may Not
exceed gh.
(QW-191.2 Radiographic Acceptance Criteria.
‘QW-104.21 Torminaogy
‘A. Linear Indeations. Cracks, Incomplete stn, inadequate
penetration, and sag ave ropresantoson the radiograph as
linear indcions im which the length mor then ee
times the with
®. Rounded Inieaions. Palys! ncuslons suc 3 slag
for tungsten ar represented on the redogiaph as rounded
inscations wh 2 lngth tes timos the who iss.
‘These incatons may be cular, elipea or regu
ape; may nave tae and may vary a Sony. awe
‘Welder and welding operator peromancs tests by
‘aslograpty of welde in tot secombtoe chal bo jagod
Uinaeepiae when the radgiaph eshte en Imperfections
Imexeoss of to ints spoctid below
2.2 Aeceptance Standards
A. Linear indiatons
(1) ary type of crack or 20n6 of complete fusion oF
penetation
(2) any elongated slag incusion which has 2 fngth greater
(2) Vin. (mm) fort up t2:38n, (10 mm), nchive
{b) Vator over In. (10 mn) (0244 (57 mn), elasive
{6} 34 in. (19 mm) Fer Cover 214 in. (67 mm)
(8) any grup of lag incsions inne that have an aggregate
tength greater an na length of 2, except when the
fdstance between the successive inperecions exomads
BL whore he length ofthe longex mperecton nthe
aroup
Rounded Indatons
1) Tho maxenum permissile_ dimension for roundes
Indtatons shal be 20% of for Vn (2mm), whichever
smaller
2
APL {104 Welder Qualification Summary
16.22 Essontel Variables For Welders
+ A change in he discon of welding fom vera uphil to
‘etal downto is vera,
+ A change of ter metal clasicaton tom Group 1 02
Group 3, oom Groups to Group 1012 (Sea Tato 1 API
ios).
+ A change fom one ouside damier group to anaes.
“Those groups are dette a alow:
‘Oui clametr tess han 2.375n,(€0.3en)
2}Outsdo dametar am 2:75 in. (0.3mm) tough 12.78
in. (823.9nm).
'3}0utsdo ameter greater than 12.750, (223. 9mm)
change trom one wal ickness group to another, These
‘ups are detned x alow:
41) Nomina pipe wal thiekness iss than 0.188in (4.840)
2) Nominal pipe wall thickness from 0.188 in. (4.8mm)
through 0.700 i (18-nsn),
Nominal pipa wal thickness gresler than 0.750 in
(am,
A change inthe joint design (for sxame the elimination of
‘acing Ship ora change em V bev fo bev).
(W-191.22 Acceptance Standards
2) For wel in mail ees than 8 In (3 rem) in tines,
{he masini nie of wate Sounded ears
‘hal net exceed 12m 28 (150 mm) long of wed. A
ropotnatey fewer amber of rounded Indeatons shal
be orm weld les than & in (180 mn ong,
3) For wel in material 18 i, (3mm) o reser in bikes
'he chats in Appondx | represent. thera
‘acceptable types of founded” Indaioneusated.
Iyplealy “custoed, aecortd, and. randorsycapersed
‘onfigtatons. Reunded ications less than'V82 (0.8
mm) in manu ameter shal nat bo conisred the
‘adographic acexptanes tots of welders and welng
‘operator in those ranges of matoral chnessns,
‘APL 1408 Wlder Qustifeation Summary
fables For Welders
‘A change ‘fom one weidng process to snoter welding
procese or combinaon af procestes as flows
1) Ackange rom one welding process toa diferent waking
process: or
2) A change in the combinalion of welding processes, unless
‘ha wale has uated on separate quaieabon toss,
Using each ofthe Welding processes that Sr tobe Use or
the combination of welding processes
‘APL 1104 Wlder Qualieation Summary
1.22 EssentalValables For Woldors
Change in the peston rom that whieh the welder has
‘reaay qualita (or exarpe a change rom led to ead
{ea change fom horizon! to veriel of ven vetaa) A
relder who successful passes a but weld qatficaton
test inte ned poston vith th avis cinod 43" om the
hore plane shall be quad do butt wes and Lap
‘het wale al posins
‘Type and Number of Butt: Wold Test Specimens por
Wilder for Welder Gualifeation Test and Destructive
"Testing of Production Walde
For pipe less than or equal to 1.315 in, (38 4e) n outside
‘aamater, specimens fom two ws or one hil sacton
tens sttength specimen sal be taken,
a “Type and Numborof But Weld Tost Specimens pa
Wilder for Welder Qualifeaton Tost and Destuctive
"Testing of Production Welds
Dole unberof acini
ae [ts | fn] BEE
Wat Thickness Lesa Than Or Equal To Osi. (123mm
van [ome [a fe tefl fel
a Ti i Ta 0
‘sin_| "ke
- 32
Raclography-Butt Welds Only
6.5.4 Gonerat
[A the company's option, the qualification but weld may be
‘examined by adegrephy new of host pected 65
6.5.2 nspocton Requirerants
Rlgraphs shall be made ofeach ofthe test weld. The
Wwelde shal be dsqualfied if any othe tet weld donot mes
the requirements of 0.3. Radiographic neperson shal nat be
led fr the purpose of losang sound arees or area that
‘oniainimperfecons and cubsoquenly aking Tacs of such
‘areas aly or csquatty a welder
67 Reteatng
Hn Be mutual opion ofthe company andthe contractor's
representathes, 2 voler fas to pass the qualia tos
because of unavoidable cenditone or condone beyond Re
onto, the welder may be given a second opporunly 1
‘ual, No furor rtests shel be given unl te wear has
submited proof of subsequent ‘Wald trning that le
_cceplable to th company
ASME & EN Welding Posttons
lng Potion Fr Groove wee ctona For Fat es
5 weaapenton [patty | 800 8 || a Ls
at 18 a aie a
orzo x [_ —) oF 7
VerealUpwasPopesan | 20 | Pr aaa =
cal Oomwars Proves] 20] PO vetUmaae [ae =
Srsieatl ee ee Ta oF Ps
Prereeatirzena | oo |r eae = —
eee [es | Hos Pipe Fred Horzontal | SF PF
Peake ame | wg | now || :
36 Welding Procedure Qualification Records
Procedure qualita i exromely important with regard to
Constant quany weldhg. The POR tems te bast of
‘Wes whch cots out detailed nsbuctons to the wader Wi
‘completes tho ort tie WPS foloved then welde
produced using’ sould have. the femured tmackaneal
Properties que by te Canstucton Code.
‘The nspecor Saud tke great care duty the welding of
POR’ coupons to rooard al of the required nonessent
fssntal and supplementary essen! variables. Welding
enables ‘blow shou be fecorded ting -cabratnd
‘esting nstunents and should nue:
+ votage
+ AmperagelP oly
+ Travel Spee
+ Heat input
+ Proheat
+ Inter pass Tempertios
+ Wie fee specs
+ Eletoda sb tt
+ Bead sequen and yer thickness,
+ StiekingPurping 9s types and ow tes
+ Record the heat number af te base materi used
+ Recor he batevotnumbors f tho woking consumables
Used,
The stamp number of the welde(s) completing the
coupon
=
POR Welding Data Sheet
Record the heat numberof the bese materia used
+ Record the bateMot nurs ofthe wading eoneunatee
eee
+The stamp numbers ofthe welder) competing the coupon
Welding Procedure Qualification Records
“The Wollng Data Shoot gives 2 guile to what informatio
noods to ba vecerded. As Wall asthe reqromenta of ASME
Ue rely aed POR deamon sat ao conan he
owe
+ hl cetiates of the bate materiale used,
* Consumable tet artes.
+ NDE Reports,
+ PWHT Charts applicable,
+ Laboratory mechani! lest reports feuding macrogreeh
photographs
+ Laboratory rparts of thr tsts conducted. G48 ping
‘sonsion fest TOD tet reports, and fete count rps,
a
ASHE X QW-451 Procedure Qualification Thickness
‘mks and Test Spectnens
eee |
a Ac
Ee =
esl
ee
we [fm [tbe |
” ‘ASME DKW-481 Procadure Qualification Thickness
‘init and Test Spacinens
noms:
‘The folowing vaibies futher res the mits. shown in
his tabla whon thoy ara reference in CM-250 for te
process under conafereton, GW, W408 10, CI:
404.2, and QWEAOT 4. Ao, CQW-202.2, GW202.3, and
(Qvi-200.4 provide exertions Hat suporsede the lit of
tis tab,
2}For combination of welding procedures, see QW-200 4
S)for the SMAW, SAW, GMAW, and GTAW woldng
Drocesses ony ofherwise per Hole (1) of ZT 2
tihichoverisappteabo.
4)S00 GINS, QW1812, and GWE51.3 for deta on
Tipe specimens wen coupon Wesson are ove 1
(25mm),
‘Four side-on tests may be subsite forthe required
Face and rootbend west, when thicmess. Tis 36 in (10
rr) and over.
ASME 1 QM-461 Procedure Qualification Thickness
Limits ana Tee Specimane.
i4.403.6-The minimum base meal heloess quai isthe
thickness of te ft coupon T or 6 (10 rm), whichever
Tess."Howover, where. le tess tan in (6 my the
Iininam tiekness quali is 727. This imtaton does no
‘ply when 2 WPS i qualiied vith @ PWHT above the uppst
{tensfermation temperature or when an austenite mater
‘aluon nested ter wading,
(0V.464.3Fllet Weld Tests (Procodure Qualification)
‘Aft S208
‘onal babe
The Mictness ranges above ae futher madd when ‘moa
pct sing vexed wea W056 bw They ay || ticnoaeen
also be restricted by the applicable construction Code eg. " cand alt +
as net.
- 40. — - a
Qw-481.3 Filet Weld Tests (ProcedsreQuatieton) | API1104 Type and Number of Tete Specimens for
"rocedur Guaiation Test
‘Sonora Not;
1 preducion sesombiy mockup may be sitstutes | [ TLORAPDE Ts
Sccbtance th GW-18.11, When's woducionassendiy
‘osu suse, he age quale sha ted oe it ines [es
wo den, taro metal hese, ara entguston ct the | |=
Imes. Atmmotvey, mule posucton coesny noscare Wal Tess Tan i
imay be cunt Te range & tines of tare mel | oye) es Tar o
‘aod thal be no eee fan the cea tf tier
irom eee camer) pes out & ¢
he sane hatinedmthepreucbon setenv mone. | | 4175 | eae9 | 2 2
rans | ona [4 1
Wal nes Ta 0 2
Gund | 11m Ty
fw [watt etal fe]
[rs-nspiussaa] 2 [2] apelala
os | oss ef afo lela
a ‘01104 Type and Nunber of Toes Specimens for
VrosoueGuaieston Ts
fam each stv ata, eo Pp ee han 6
to's nenes (34 mn)
~Indano on flsacioneale-stengh scien shall
te'aran
+ For lr wt specie nian yk) stonabs
Star han <2cn p00 eh) 2 mm oo
{Sie tet shal bo eaore
“Tho Rangas of dlamotors and thicknesses qualified aro
‘ollowe
+ Outside ameter les than 2375 in. 60m)
= Bute lamar fem 2375 tn (603m) trough 1.750
In: (223 orm)
+ Oils lamer greater than 12.780In.(323.1am)
Range of thickness quai
+ Nomina pipe wal ices less than D188 4.)
{Nominal pip wal knees fom 0.183 in, (4mm Preugh
0.760in. (18:1)
+ Nominal pipe" Wal thiskness_gfeter than 0.760
(steamy
“4
ASME P tater! Numbers
‘This & 2 gore guide for ASME P Numbers and ther
cenivalent EX288 goign Groupe rere fo he Base
‘Mott clu are ASME stb yous. E288 mati ous
trend fr comparson oa
(Po [ewan | Base Metal
| ation Manganeoe Ste, «Sub Groupe
| [Group 1 upto approx isi
{Group 2 Approx TOs!
[Group 3 Apprax 604s)
[Group 4 Approx 904s |
= Wet Used |
[8 Sub Groups: Typically nlf mol and all |
lehrome half mai
2 Sub Groups Typlaly cre and a quarter
{roms nattmaty |
“Typical two and a quater chrome one moly
2 Su Groups Tpialy ve come half
‘molyand nine ehvome one aly
“
uatiation:
APL +104 Material Groupings for Procedu
54.2.2 Base Material,
‘A change in base maria constutes an essen variable
‘hon wong mati of 0 separate mate groupe he
procedtre forthe higher srengh group shal be used Fo:
the purposes ofthe sandal materials shal be groupee
ee olan
1) Specied minimum yield strngth tss than or en
142,000 pai (200 MP).
2) Spocfod minimum yl! sbength greater han 4,000 rs
(250 MPa) tut eos than 6,000 pa (448 MPa).
3) For materials wit a spediiog minimum yk! strength
reser than or oql fo, 65,000 pal (448 Pa), cach
‘fade shal race a separate quacaton lest
Hote: The groupings speciod in 542.2 do not imply tha
Base materials iler metas of lon sales thin 8
group may be iniscinataly subettuted for a matral hs
Was sed in ho qualicaton lst wibeut consideration of he
Compatbity of te base matrls snd filer mois fromthe
Sandpoint of matalrgal and mochancal peperies ae
requirments or pre-and pest heat eaten.
ASME P Material Numbers
| Po, |en2ee| Bese tet |
[86 | 6 SubGroups- Creme mely vansdum
6 | 9 8 Sub Groups: Wartesite Staines
Steet Typialy Grad 410
7/6 gmt Ss Ge
| | [Austen Siainioss Stools, 4 Sub groups |
|
| 9 mpl Tpkaly Grades 39, 318 947
| |Sroup2 Theat Grades 203, $15
| Sroup3 gh mangorese grades
(Group 4 Typialy 254 SMO type stots |
981 7 | platy wot four percent Nicht tet |
FORB | Mig ba ori ay too, 10036
(eRe | Nei |
Fon | 10 Basra SiO enn 30,
‘a Ta 25 home ne ny
a ASME P Material Numbers
| Po, | anaes | avo Metal
cele 9 Nc Sols
cee, | Mia ba Fi eengh ow atay |
[205 | Sis
ran | 108ub Groups: tse bag ofa |
|__| SS enstov ay saa
wm | NotUsed
[a fart ure Aum |
| 22_| 22a | Ati Magician rae 200 |
[ax | ay Amr eon Se Ose
ac Noted
[20 ame | Miniontemen aim
‘81030 | Nee |
[at C ‘Pure Copper
pay Brass |
ios Copper Sone
48
Welding Consumables
* Handling contol and them veaimert plays 2 major role
Inthe production of eoneitonty Nigh qa wall,
+ Prior to production welding 2 detaied sly Conte!
Procedure shouldbe in ace fale der inattctons on
‘me recap, sorage, thermal tealmant luo. and te
condoning of lacvotes, oid wires an hes,
+ Chock Pais fo th epector neue
‘)Documentaton-Each lator batch of eowsumabies has =
‘est coifeae endoread bythe weldlg engineer
2)Receving Inspect. Packaging not demapod,
‘consumable store is amosphaialycxrroed =
Minimum temperature 20°, a ets hui 60%
‘maxima. The consumables ae sgrogatod by AWS
specticatn they ar the caret size and speciation as
ortho purchase onde.
{3)Thetma etme row hydrogan cored alates
‘and SAW fines, I 3 por he manifactarers
fecommendatons asi caiod oun calrated dying
“4Mldng ovens and quivers are carat and atthe
‘correct emeratre lectodes ae sogyegated by AWS
‘pectication a are nat ha inthe same von
5)Alconsumaties ao ested again ion request which
's aval for nspocon
‘WUnused consumables 2 etme to te street he en
of every shit,
‘TyReconhonad (@-bake) ebcrodos av larly Went
ASME P Material Nombre
| Pe. ee | Bhar
|
a | age Ai
[36 to40 [ T “Not Used
wae Pe
[ah act a6
8 Nets che aah
ca Nt a aay 62, Cor
4a | Nickel Chrome :- incoley 800, 825
re | Nee che tore
a Nee chron gsr
[47060 ‘Not Used
ae nti Ae
[eee] isa ae
49
‘Typical Baking & Holding Conltions for Covered
"loctrodos
etn
ator
51 Electrode Classifcalion (SMAW Process)
E60 0
‘SAW Electrodes
Position:
4) la, Horizontal, Vertes! Overhead
2), Hate Hesizontl On
3} Fat norzonta, verte down, Ovrhead
Ehetede
Stanghin ia ot
Pain (Bia | aera eon wowing Caen]
0 | Coniose Sod oceP
‘Type of coating and current — 1 Callulose Potassium ‘AC, DCEP, DCEN
2 “tania Sum "ic GEN
menace RaC| Tala Potssi AG, ECP
4_| ton Powder Tania AG DCE. BOE
E 8018-61 58:6 | Low Fysegen Sodium DoEP
nee 1580 | Low iyiogenPolesur | — AC, CEP
stoghin | to Ponder ton Oxide — | AG. OCEP, DCEN
Posen ae | iron power bw Hyérogen | AC, DCE
ora orocee 5020_| fon Ode Sedum 16 DGEF
—
SAW Electrode
Covered electrodes for SMAW welling have thee (pes of
fh covering
Callulose (0, 1 designator) Deep pensation, fest feezng,
ght slag, needs care wit undereutng. No baking they ned
‘oitur io operate cores and ereore contains hydrogen
Futile (3 designato) Smooth welding easy fo so Flat beads
wth easy slag removal, all poslon ood general purpose
lecvodes, No baling equled,
i (5, 6 and 8 designator) Contain calcu carbonate and
talcum fuerde which are basic elements no celllose
Excallntsloy transfer aces the ste for goad mechanical
ropes bat ualy can be es ip fn be fet to
femave. Bake at 360°C fr 2 hore Store hating ovens a
"80°C and heated quivers et 75°C ranma,
6 Soll Wires Sold Wins
‘haeteation OF Sod Ws: ua
i deneh cman en CTT
~ [a | seta | | 05 0] MAL
ER 708-6 ta via || ri
exctdecunanws orn rar! as | | [5 6] |} Tal —
Tete 8 wan] eu | a [asl as) || haw
ie = sais ss | Ei
‘ion Centpattnette trent —| CI [a
ESS Nee Soeid
i tate re — —
svar] 93" | ant |] He
oa ie i
mel
or ar
arta
|» | a
56 — 7
Chesiteaton OF Wie Fx Comtination (SAN) Casieton Of Wire Fux Combination (2A)
Fras eniak
igh a
“eta enh of 7,005 Sp
Ter doein fs welds enon
‘Wel mot meet inact regcrenen oOR-Tai=
ior
So ar aac
arn erga
Shoszal eorsin (5 GBS RSG)
FaP5 Eta
a
commamcemvarmtance, || —[Yels shear anos
3 [Tet na sst vt Fe condo
5 | We ot mets pat equa 61204 a=
sor
a
BCRNN -HX #2 Choc emacs (a bl aoa)
SAW fc neato be did before use, pica at 150°C
‘20°C fr 2 hours. Rafer tothe manures handing
fnt-storegeiattions
A chango inthe wire fx combinafon fan essseti
‘avable"and vil req re-quliietion of the eng
‘cadre
8 a Chemical Composition Requirements fr Soi Electrodo
ee RE] swe [a ele
‘Tetra =|
sun Twas] 0 oases 87 Toa oar oe
Ea nee os naanar 1
eo
ear
[ROT ci 4}
la ts [oo na
MK [AT os aa
[tamara atensn| pane -
em — [rast |
[Bmpr «
enim [tia 35] —
ak pee ts
enie— | be | us
_ ©
st of AWS Classfcstions
A519 Magnesium aloy weling rode andre elactoes
‘8620 Carbon steel lecrodes fr fx Ca re welang
45.21 Compost sutacng weting rede id elosrodes
822 Flux cored. corosion esiing “Chom and
‘homium nicks toa electrodes
‘96.23 Bare low alloy see lactodes ant fos fr sub ar
‘weting
45:24 Zirconium and zkconum atoy bite woking rods &
‘tctodas
6.25 Elecresiay welding of carbon ane High senath fw
‘ly stele
(65:28, Electrogas welding of earbon and High sbength ow
atoy steels
9527 Copper gas wong ots,
620 Low aly sleet or mots for Gas shieWed are
‘reting
96.29. Low aly stool ux cowed Weltng eocirode
530 Consumatie inserts
2831 Fine tor ang
List of AWS Clasafeations
{Gaon ste covarod re welding scion
ton & sie gas weting rods
‘Alumisium end aluminium ay ao welding elecodes
Corrosion resistant chromaam & Chromic ste!
rept vga
Low ao steal covered weltingelactodos
Copper & coppy aly covered eiactoses
‘copper alloy wets rds
Brazing filer mts
‘Gareson resistant cramium & chromium nickel bare
‘nd metal cored and standard ae wag lechalos
nd eas
‘Auminun & aluminum alloy welding sods & bare
ectodes
Nickel nck atloy covered welding electrodes
Tungsten are welding etrodas
Surfacing welding rods &eectrodes
Nice! & nickel aly bare welding rods
Welding rods & covered oli for welding cast
on
‘Tianium & ttanium alloy bare Welding reds and
ecrodes
Bare carbon steal elecwoues and ues for sub arc
‘weg
Caton see! flor metas for ga shielded are woking
A510
nas
A512
4513
aa
ast5
1516
ast
of
Pro-Heat & Post Weld Heat Treatment
Generals
Presbeaing ia used fo sow down the cooing rate of the
eldment "and "therefore proven! the faation of
Imigostctures which are. slscoptble to cracking Siow
‘s20ing Wl aso slbw hydrogen fo dfuse out ofthe weidment
‘adminis tho ik hydrogen induced cold eackng,
Pre heang ls done to
* Decrease the cooling rte of weld and base metal during
‘reidng
* Elminte the damp and moisture atthe weld location,
Which are sources of hydrogen.
+ tue stage stesso nigh restrained weld ons
* Gabon Equlsent pays_an important roi Vn deodng
Draheatig requirements. The wldabity of Caton soe
' dependent an Carton equlatont
+ Her the carbon equtatent ower the welabiy
(Gaon equivalent cncsstnt a par nobel orta
© GE =e G4 % Mn H+ (Cr © Mano © AVE AN
sous
+ Aa Carbon Equbaent value crease pect reulement
increases. CE™ 0.38 quien preheating Pro-Heating
+ Proeting shall be in aosordance with minimum WPS
Feauroman
+ If preheating is require for weting then & i alsa raged
forare al gouging
+ Oxyacetylene shuld never be used preheating
* Oy propane gas should be used. For pipes 24" cia and
‘above seca resistance mats ae
+ Heating band shal be a minimum of 150mm centered on
the weld
+ Measurement of temperture should Wealy be mare on
‘posite det welaing
+ If Sa sid heating, Measurement should be taken aftr
‘lowing 2minutes per” 25mm Hidkess allow for
{emperature equalization
+ Prooat should be app! and mained around the il
‘treumference of be fo reduce abuse
+ If surtaces ae wet then proheat siruld be used to ay
therm
= Noto that ony onesie of joint may require preheat for
dissin mot joins
+ Additonal preheat is often required dug woking,
‘epending on work sze and ol condone
Mathode of re-neatina:
{Using heating torches
2.Blectet erp esting
Through Furnace heating
4 Inducton or Radiation hating
Pre-Heating
Hows pre-neat temperature mossurea?
{Using tral crayons wih specie empeatre
2. Usng dgtal bermomstere
+ Reading shall be taken atleast 7mm avy fon the pin
ofwoldng a La
+ Save call be token t avok! weld contamination fom
‘Therma crayon
ra
ASME B31. (2008) Pre-Heat Temperatures
“Tabi 330.14 Prohest Tempe atures.
ASHE 231.3 (2008) Pre-HoatTomperatures
“Table 3901-1 Prehoat Temperature 2)
ees EF ial | ppc Toa
1 1 con Set wae on we
Bat | 5a — [377 B
<9 | aia | end | and >
alow | tow :
3 zat | atest ncaa | FEE DE Tg |
i [-at| 586 | 378 z
‘ 3 Abyatearenioancr ||| a | a | an | a | ve
ae | Morse 2a%1000% 1] | ay we >
7 a 17
6 6 High ty Sieataarinic ||] at fan | oan | an oN
es 87 ASME 8513 2000) Pro-Heat Tomparatures
“Tablo 30-14 Prohest Temperaturst3)
‘ASME 831.3 (2008) Protoat Temperatures
“Talo 3301.4 Proheat Temparatareet)
7 7 | orators ronic {Ioan | a | ay an o
A Fay Ay ie
ene afal oa | om »
me | ® NTA SeAT | uw Pw | an [ =
7% eet iliaican loan |
a 276 Si apa a [ow fay
aso1 Taawoes || a ar | a —at a
‘iA so2 SN Stel afal a [aw |
2188 a fala [os ®
rm
ASME 831.3 (2008) Pre-Hoat Temperatures
“Table 390-14 Preheat Temperatures
Notes:
41) PeNumbor or .Numbor rr BPY Code Seton 1X
2) Acdumber fom Section Dk
43) Maina neypass temperature between 77-232°C
44) Maxam ntpass tomporaure 10°C
Poet Wold Hoa Tratment
Pst weld heat teatmen (PWT) ie usec to rmave resid
esses frm the weldment which is nds as a teu of
igh ‘thermal gradients (repeating hd cooing) uring
ain, Ii also use fo cont hardness valies ns weld
‘otal nd hes fated zone
“Typicaly PWHT is speci inconsructn Codes based on
tho thicknass ofthe pals 16 te joned, requirements rn
‘ASME B31. are show below, however Cerent Codes may
ava cituent requrements, Projet spas. tequnemants
ay also have dent requirements; sme cases eabon
Stools in NACE arvice wi require PITT regards of 2
Sd thiekness. The same may apply for lw aay sts Pa &
Poa, wa
@
Post Weld Hest Tratrnent
Prior tothe stat of any PWT a detaledprocedur shoul be
Inplace to spect the specie requeemenisinuding
‘leads of PIT 0 9, ecal or fumes, electcal esletance
‘rindicton heating
2YThe ype of cat recorders to be used,
23}e wan of he heating band.
‘The wath and theese of sult
‘5}Haning rates, eldng times and tempecatres for afeent
‘mata, crioios coong,
‘ythe requrements of Thermeccupes. and ther location
uring PET.
‘DHardross testing requirements ar PMT,
" 891.9 Table 991-4.1 Requirements for Hest Trostment (1) | 884.3 Table 31.4.1 Raqulremonts for Heat Treatment 2)
Bandi | [a Nore
‘ : Garton test above 20 cl 699-648 | 4 {+
‘oy Somer [enter] || eta [ None
2 an | Myseucr Pes a ees aa} || nae
a Aone toons {24 [tf |
Zor sese | Taanaaes ||| 00 ariess_[ Nove
anaes | 3 | Aooaitan Paes ape ar
tomncon [ar | aaa soo er es
7 es
is po
er
anes
omoase | yg | auatne| romaie ||| a | hw
a1 fro] 2a fr | 2 | on
[rol 20 fa [2 | an
2
{891.8 Table 33.1.4 Requlmonts or Heat Treatment (3) | 31.3 Table 29414 Requvoments for Heat Treatment)
: | |
an
6 6 fate | a
: 7
_steets eritic a a
ac
2 Ae steels austenitic. a Al ‘None
ep aes
aa” ae |} ate
ca aes eae
* pee] ||| Ra [a am
0H Stainless Boel a None.
‘a re oe = laste tafe
won ovo | |_|
Ez = oa
aaa Siam ons || -
[2 a wh
- 0 | ae | a 1891.3 Tab 3311.4 Roquroments for Hoat Treatment
NOTES:
1) P-Number or S-Aumber fom 8PY Code, Secon 1X,
wae.
2) AcNumber tom Secon ix, aw-at,
3), For hong me In St moire nis, se mini (rites
‘perm tines) For U.S uns, use hn thickness,
4) SeoPara 3314.7
5) S00 Agpondix F, Pam. F914
8) Coola apis a posable ater he hold
7). Posto heat eatmert I nether required nor prohibit,
‘bt any eat treatment appled shallbe as reqied inthe
‘mater epecfetin,
8) Cooling rata to 640°C (1,200°) cal be Ses than 86°C.
(GOOF Mereate, the cooing Tale shall be fost
‘ough 10 prevent emblem
8) Gooing rate shal be = 67°C. GOO'FYNr to S164
(coor).
10) Heat toatmnt within 14 days ater welding. Hot time
shall bo Increased by V2 hr foreach 25 rm (Vn) over
25 mm Wieknass. Cool 0 427°C ‘SO0'F) ata vale =
27a" (600"FYr, per 25 mm (+n) nomial theless,
218°C (S00"F Ve ey, Cool ina om 27S
{e00"F.
7%
[Pe Reege
Up0.25
Bo 30
30.16.35
‘Typleal Heating & insulation Band Widths
ae
ft"
NE
25mm \/ 26mm
‘A= Minimum heating band vith at PINT temperate ie the
wath of he weld pt 2mm ether ie of he wel
2A Miu isusion Band wit,
7
Fabrleation
‘ASME B31. Fig. 3264.2 Typleal But Weld End
Preperation
23 94m 2% a
35.116 a0
a0.1t04,
45.11050
STS.
S506 90
eaing/Cooing Rae "C) = S0007TREnose mmr
‘Manu Hesting/Gaotng Rate» 200°Chhour
“atonal sosing timer thickness abave 25am Wa BE
Amite evn Wks.
0 Fig. 32843 Trimming and Permit Msatignent
!
EN
a0
Fig. 328.826 Minimum Welding Dimensions for Sockot
‘iealng Componants Othor Than Flanges
a
HEN coat
7 I
cope tp ine tay Depp ne se
Soren th rertene meee et
Hentag Uitte tenet aemarctet
Sores, ME he
Alignment Tolerances ASME Sarilon +
Table pws
‘Alignment Toloranee OF Sections
"To Be Bute
Direction of Joints in Cytndea! Shells
‘Seaton Thickness, in. Longitudinal Ctourforotl
at
Upto V2, ina. vat
Over 121024, nck We, ns
Over 2A to 42h ven. Asm
(Over 112 (02. ho vin ee
Over? Leseraf vi6t— Lesserat vet
onsen or
Socket Welds
Socket wolds are highly ewsooptibe to cracks and porosily if
the correct welding pododur ie nat tty adhered
Prior welding the socket iting andthe pipe shall be feo
{tom dit grease, pant or primec both tema and enteral.
“The pipe end shal be square ad ree rom tee Sol grading
cust
Sockot Welds
‘+ Inert ne square prepared endo the pp into the socket
ng
‘Socket Weld Fting
Ss
Seco ===
2 Push the pipe nto te filing unt stops. Sere a ne on
‘he outside o he pipe
Line sorbed onthe pipe Socket Welds
3-Pullte pp ul ulstan OF, check by soe ae.
Socket Welds
‘Typioal Welding Sequences
+ The GTAW press shal be used to complete the wel
‘Adequate pctacon om wnd drsughts shal be proved
Dror any welding. A miu of fo pasos ie roquired
{O completo the wel under no crcunstances shal single
pass welding be permit
‘Visual nspecson to contin that here are no pores open to
the sufeco, tha wold prole i oomax and thee lo PO
Undoreut at the bes ofthe weld. Dye penetant tstng is
{he prefered method of NOT for socket Wels In al
‘ates
“The inepecor may aio callfor spot To conf the gap
At'the end of the pipe. Socket welds shal be unpainted
‘uring presse testing
mm
‘Commonly Used Materials for Process Pipework (1)
2 pascos 2 pacsse
35
Commonly Used Materials for Process Pipework (2)
-ASTILAI05 | Forgings, Carbon Steal forPiping Components ||] ASTM Aar2 | Seamless and Welle Austen Staines See!
e
sans | Ba Se Poh vu og ow
as “Temperature Services mune “Temperature Servis
Fa a A i pie Sl pb on
astuatea | ForoiFitiusandavesanePareicregn ||] ASTWAxS | — Seumlos and Wed sel pe
Tigran sete | eran | Sap Broce Api wa
sms | Sonesta ||| Ano [Sa ane ter eta
ee sy | SoC i 1 Tope
rors | Raat a ||| Ars oa
"| agra eae
reruns | Seto ror cn site [|| asrusa | metae lage SUM ony
reed esgensae Sae oe
oe Saga ne Oro
sorwvatr | slaty aepocincsrg pe | Arian | Nts Se pe rtghonpocre
canteens | =
Fatthnttient ead Tend tet ti
ssmuaaat | Mhpttaatermassustassdien ||| MAM | “recantation
~ “Heat Resisting Chromium end Chromium Nickel hie |
RS Sear OH ET || nan | wo a Sus ox Pon ne
asta na40 | ee tte Pose ewe ‘Commonly Used Materials for Process Pipework (8)
Commonly Used Materials for Process Pipework(4)
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ann nee ‘Aly Steal for Low Tenperature Senice asn Pee
Spas Gh eprae Bora Sacks Gelantonn
actus | isarstpemmatnatctsoeshe ||| gy yoqn | Sng se ck yest
Shenae a nou een
owners | Car ea aga —
[7 Temean om peter”) Oil Gan Gia wpa
nstuasi | Sealy ese TS sate
Sonar pn fos Cece 2 | Sonn Fargo ana rane
astusart | Weidd'Stoe\PpeForAmoephorc angiow ||| °S48 ‘nang purposes
Tania Staten eee Fiver —||| oes | epeonatan xvas orengec cme
sraare | wat Sap fri rsun a
Seared Tec rape eimpecion
erm aveo | SSSR nd ld Prt aC fet toaot oun
Some Se omens =
«| afc Fan a wa -asso | ass orn Gas or does
ASTMABIS | teat Stoes Shot Ppng Filings eM ‘salad Ranges
aetna Napa
ssranaon | cael con bupe fanile
‘eetuneslace
Wolding Gases
Toro sre a number of weting posesses which use
‘extemal provided gases to protct tha maten weld po! fom
the detimontl ets ofthe atmosphera the mest commen
1-GTAW Gas Tungsten are waiting
“Typical sheldng gas is high purty Argos 9.905%
For Duplex Argon * 1123 Niroge tay bo sd
2. GMAW Gos Metal ar welding,
‘Typical sing gas Agon + 10 0 209600,
3 FCAW Flue Coed are welding
‘Typlal shielding gas Argon +10 20%C05
4 PAW Plasma ate welding,
“Typical shiosng gos ishigh purty Argon 99:995%
Purging
~ Pugin is requie Jor wed shies tas CRA
Incusty nes In geval pure Argon Used Tor pring
FRoweverin ome cases Naregenf usec
+ hus be considered forthe folowing cars:
Buon