Airplane IFR quick-review sheets ia 7 rath hours x-county IC time. > “Orie, 10 hoor in spans. © 4Ohoars sta or smalated instrument ine > “Of which 15 hous with CFT + Inluding ome s-cautry fight of + 2S0NM + Along airraysorby dieted ATC routing Amit App. At ech sport + 3dirent kinds of approaches using nav, systems + With ed TFR fight plan > 3 ours inst 2 cal Months porto the practical test. ($61.65) aie ae ares ST 1 documents required for fight: Plot cenfeate Medial erica © Authorid pote ID (papa ve’ license, ete) + Restricted radcelephone operator ens (fr Might outside the US) (Goran FCC) ft i ' ARROW: A Airworhines crite % RRegisation erate + RRatio station Liat (fr intrational lights) ® O-Operating limitations & AEM. & Weight & Balance dts (215, §91.103, 591.9, §91.203, FCC form 60) ANIATE ‘© ArAnnual inspection every 12 cal. Months (91.409) & V-VOR every 30 days ($91.171) © 1100 our inspection (91.40), & AcAltmetr, stad reporting and static system every 24 cal. month (§91413) & Transponder every 28 months (691.413), & BELT every [2snonths (91207) ‘efit info cequire for TER: (91.103) WKRART. (2 W. Weather report and forecasts Ke Known rate delay as advised by ATC, & RRunwayneth F.Fual raurements ‘Takeo and landing performance data Paige % A-Alenhol 8 hous bot to hot" no more than.04% oF lek n bod) % Emotion | PAVES Pilot (general heath, physical / mental / emotional sate, proficiency, eumency) A: Alteaf airworthiness, equipment perfomance) '% V-EnVironment (wether heads, erin, smote / nap tobe used & other * * cantons) ': Extma posure octings, people wating at destin, ee) i are A person may log instrument time only for that flight time when the person operates the aircrafe solely by reference to instruments under actual or simulated instrument fight conditions, ‘Last 6 calendar months (under actual/simulated instrument or Fight Training Deviee/imulator, inthe same airraft etepory), logged: (%6 HITS") + G instrument spprosches Holding procedures & tasks, + Interept & Track courses through the we of| clectronie navigation Systems, Or, using an ATD (basically an approved PC-based ‘ight simulator + hardware) in the last 2 calendar ‘months prior to the fight: + 3 hours instrument experience, + Holing procedures & asks, + insoument approche. + 2umsul atte recoveries na descending Vee condition. + 2 unusual atitade recoveries ina ascending stall Spd condition © Notcarren! looking back 6 months? You ca sil log the requzement (6 HITS) ond getcorrent witha sary pilot (under smulsted condition), instuctor or plot © These pilot mst be at least private plot wit he appropriate eacgory and cas, He mst have adequate Yon forward and o cach sie ofthe irae. When ‘sng a Safety pit, the siterat must have dul contol System. Looking back 2 ca. months not uent? You need an Insiument Proficiency Check (PC) by a CF, examine or aproved psn. & Cerrina ound ne tale atthe en ofthe jnstumen PTS, an be completed in an approved ight simulator or FTD. However fil IPC can only be onduciedin erin fll-moton simulators oto he actu ira since some ask uch as cling maneuvers) camot be completed on low-end FD and ular © Tocarry passengers as PIC 1° Sk an landings in ast 90 days in the sane category, clas and ype i pe rating rere) + Atperods between hour afer sunset hour before sunrise: 3 akoofs and landings to. fll Sop during! hor after sunset 1 hou bot Suns inthe ast 90 aye © Tonct ay PIC fight review in he last 24 al. Mons (sco FAR for exceptions) (66156, §91.109, §61.57) SSE Airplane IFR quick-review study sheets | page 1 | visit nllotscafe.com for more cool stuff VLA copyright 2012,+ Only provides obsrctioneornce * Maybe own witout an ATC clas ules. SID or the ration ar asied (ear eos) 4 Gigi ODP danse “Obwci” inthe chai. { Alfew RNAV ODPs are saline phic frm ' Found in the font of NACO chat ooo ranged lpabeily by ety mms, © Jegpse cars show ODP, under te spr diagram ‘(009 paso at rs pat ens seyret sa (ai s28). ‘Provide obstctineetance a sp secing aio ‘iepstion and world by simpbfng ATC cleans, + Plot NAW SiDs~ Plc ravigats by cated rates with ‘inimal donations, + VesorSiDs-Naviption is ased on rade vector, Ries ae sot pried eather 4 Some SIDs delet non andar rai lure pros, + Fle"No SID nthe emur of your phe pan fy cane atte, + RNAV SiDs and all popical RNAV ODPs requ RNAV 1 rerfarnanc. 21 NM fr 954 of he tt ight ine) read ADM 5-1) * Servesastansion fom heen te stu opt om nich an peach on Bein + Tso rues camel n routes othe ble STAR prosale + Uy named acon tothe Si a hich he bs rocee ‘eins ‘© AS wh iD, you may state "No STAR in ou ght plan ‘ema section fon chose nto ete, ‘¢ RNAV STARS require RNAV I pone, IERmint Mountainous areas: 2,000ft ab highest obstacle within 4NM of of course. (§91.177) Minimum prescribed, or if none: Non-mountainous areas: 1,000" above highest obstacle within 4NM ESM Dna [PMAUSEONLY) ] PLOTAREANG _ Cl VNR. wares sour | IER Aight plan FUCA PLAN cae ‘Routed ttre cing carted space The amen Tew eo aa ry sumer TPR (clearance ir also exited). a ae ee | re - ‘How to file? 4 i 2 FSS peo, rato pone) poe Bunt ca) 9 rag ene wit ATC See en pete Pe ae Se aes == ee pee ee ci wane 0 Peataee ad paket ae ee] * ei vane [sans a © Can cancel anytime not in IMC and outside a sae sate eembabes oo RON oe ran aea RST ESamn esas] — AltporvFacilty Directory (AFD). Ife seen oanwuaudst Miah Mcmarnoserscme sects | prefered ruts published to your [Sorin mnanettcnernng re Gagan AS NON NIEIONIPEIS +1 Geasination, you should fil it in your flight ‘once nn ‘CLOSE VER FLIGHT PLAN WITH FSS ON ARRIVAL plan, (Based on Magnetic Course) ove (691.179) (Do you need an alternate? (°4-23" or "1-2003" rule) 591.169 +f within 3 hour before to 1 hour after ETA forecasted weather is less then 2000 ft cling and/or 35M visbity ‘you need an alternate Fuel from departure airportto destination ‘Precision approach: 600 fe ceiling and 2 SM vi “Non-precision approach: No instrument approach elling & visbity allowing Under base VER JER minimum fuel requirements (991.167) Fuel from destination ae roatternate th | reavired) ‘Yes. minimum weather conditions required at an irport to list it as an alternat ‘The alternate arport minima specified inthe procedures, or, i none: {800 ceiling and 2 SM visibility 45 Minutes of fuel at normal eruise sibilty (must be other than non-WAAS GPS) atthe alternate: 1 descent from MEA, approach and landing, Airplane IFR quick-review study sheets | page 2 | VLA copyright 2012, isitpllotscafe.com for more cool stuffPilotsc desranes CRAFT “@€-Clesnace Limit & RRowe 2 AcAlade © Fefroquncy (or depart) © Transponder code ‘Gearane wold tne Te tinea which your laces voi nd afer ‘which ou may not kao You must ty ATC wii 30 min fer the {oid time if you did no depart. “Fld fer stese”~ You nay vox ako uni being eles for FR ‘purr ‘Raen se~ Tho crest ine he sie may epat under FR. ‘Expest Departure Clsarance Time (EDCT)~ Asunay sl tine sven unde aie management nba apo. Aira are ‘xpcted te depart o eae and no tran ints oe EDCT. Abbresaed departure learans = "Cleo (.) qld (AIM 443,525, 52-6) MARVELOUS.VER C500 “ M-Missedopproach (AIM $3) 3 ArAispeed = 10kt/ 9 chang of fled TAS (AIM 5-3-3) & RReahing holding fx por tine 8 ltde) AIM 5 4 V-VER on top car 533) & EMETA change 3 min AIM 533) LeLeaving «holding fixpoint AIM 53) & Or-Outr marker (AIM 523) © U-Unforcuted weather 91183) & Sosa of fight GOL) V-Vocating an alimdeFL (AIM 53.) FrsFinal approach fx AIM 3-3-3) 3 ReRadiNow ale (91187) © C*-Compulsoryreporing points MM (91.183) 4 Soosunable cli Jscent £00 fp (AIM 53) ‘required only In anow-radar environment Gshng ATC a Position reports items ‘Aircraft ID Position Time Altitude/ight level Type of flight plan (except for commanicating with ARTCC/approach control) ETA ‘The name only of the next succeeding reporting point along the route of flight Any pertinent remarks o eo oes ‘Adjust the outbound leg so the inbound leg takes: © Atorbelow 14,000" MSL ~1 minute © Above 14,000" MSL — 1.5 mimutes @ DMEIGPS holds ~ fy the outbound leg to the specified distance from the fix/waypoint ‘Up to 6000" MSL. - 200 KIAS {6001'-14,000" MSL 230 KIAS. Above 14,000" MSL — 265 KIAS May be restricted to 175 KIAS on some inst. approach procedures. At Airforce fields — 310 KIAS* ‘At Navy fields - 230 KIAS* "*Unless otherwise depicted. (AIM 5-3-7) IFRaltitudes DAH — Descent Altitude/Heigh. ¢ MAA~ Maximum Authorized Altitude. 4 MCA Minimum Crossing Altitude. 4 -MDA/H- Minimum Descent Altitude/Height. & MEA~ Minimum En route Altitude. Assures navigation coverage and 1000” (non-mountainous terrain) or 2000” (mountainous) obstacle clearance. 4 MOCA Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude, Provides navigation coverage and obstacle clearance within 22 NM of the NAVAID. 4 MORA - Minimum OfF-Route Altitude. Jeppesen charts) Including grid and route MORA. 4 MRA~ Minimum Reception Altitude ¢-MVA~ Minimum Vectoring Altitude. 4 OROCA Off Route Obstruction Clearance Altitude (NACO charts). Assures obstacle clearance ‘within 4NM of course. 1000" over non-mountainous ‘terrain; 2000” over mountainous terran. oo goed ER takeoff minimums (67.175) [No T/O minimums mandated for part 91 operations. Part 121, 125,129, 135: ‘Prescribed T1O minimums for specific runway, or, if none: % J-Densines: | SM visibility More than 2 engines: '4 SM visibility Tc = za — | ST 1a 78 3 Airplane IFR quick-review study sheets | page 3 | visit pilotscafe.com for more cool stuff ‘Via copyright 2011PilotsGafe ‘Attwde to ty MEA fy the highest among: “M~ Minimum altitude prescribed for FR E~ Expected (eg “expect SO00R after 10 minutes”) A= last altitude Assigned by ATC ance limit Lost communications procedure (391.185 "AV.EF- select route by the following onder: ‘AAssiged route, if none: V-Vectored yt the cutesy est vrtored a none: fast Expacted route by ATC, fone: Filed route Start descent and approach as close as possible to the EFC, or ETA (ifno EFC given) ‘At EFC or clearance limit (if no EFC given), proceed to a fix from which an approach begins and start the approach (691.175, AIM 5-4-9) SHARPIT 5: Straight in approech 'H- Holding in lew of procedure ru. . Radar vector tal app couse. P-NaPT depicted o chart 7 Timed approach. “Te Teardiop couse reversal, ‘TLS. Tneponder Landing Systam ‘Non-precision lateral course guidance only) VOR NDB ‘When can vou descend below MDA DA? (591.175) ‘All thre conditions must be met: 1. The aircraft is continuous in a position from which « descent io fanding onthe intended runway can be made ata normal rae of descent using nonmel maneuvers. ‘The flight visibility (or the enhanced flight visibility if equipped) is not less than the sisibility preseribed in the standard instrument approach being used. Atleast one ofthe following visual references forthe intended runway is dstnety visible and identifiable tothe pilot: (except for CAT I & Ht approaches) ‘a. The approach light system, except you may descend below 100 feet above the touchdown zone only fhe red terminating bars or the red side row bars ar also visible and identifiable »b. The threshold, The heshold muskings. ice ch categories The esol ih. Fexr] ise | tad frercne The runway end identifier lights. k se) eee {The visual approach slope indicator. a ae {The oschdow Zone o is markings - 1 The touchdown zone lights. Attitude indicator R- Rate of tum indicator D- Directional gyro (Heading indicator) *# $91,205 or other regulations for kind of operations? ‘Airworthiness Directive (ADY? ‘Equipment ist or kindof operations equipment list? ‘VFR ay certification requirements? Standard VOR service VOR ti coon | Conca confusion. volumes ne | & Revere sensing used inconeety) 45,0001 © Requires line of site to station. ao VOR receiver checks: (51.172) Le Every 30 calendar days. saso0R * vor" 35, rn ® Repair station +4° we | SOR ground checkpoint —" 21000 000 # | $ VORaltbornechecknoint+5° | | @ Dual VOR cross-check 44° is | & Above prominent ground | Terminal High | Tanda ona Sette rac atleast | 20NM froma VOR, fying at « on | Pranab tw aide” 23° © VOR- VHF Omni directional Range | WOR check signoff: ($91.171) © 108.0 to 117.95 Mito excluding frequencies at the 108.10-111.95 range with odd tenths, DEPS 2 pulsaleceecon: 10" # D-Dae 3 Gistance off course = 200 ft per dot per WH frow WOR station. 2 EB Butane to satin = AS mn forbear cone [Seaver of bear chnge PePhoce Tenet stadon «Second for best hangs Sears of berg chang % © Signanre 3 Sendo servs vue ant ooo publeesrouee Airplane IFR quick-review study sheets | page 5 | visit pilotscafe.com for more cool stuff Vi copyright 2011NDB: © Nov-Directionl Beacon 9621213 Mite UHP. ‘ Operates at the 190-535 kiiz range (can receive and point towards commercial radio AM ‘& Nomally ted suonaialy wih station at $80 1680 kH2). Puired VHF sation (VORILOC). Low to medium frequency band. ‘© The Aitorne DME mnittrnemits an | | ADF (Antomati Direction Finder) in aircraft points towards the NDB sition, introgation sign agnetc Beating = Magnetic Heading * Relative Bearing + The ground DME Beit ecies ana ||” MM . repli othe iatrogtion ‘© The ime passed is ud by the NDB 7 bone unio cleats hs slat Melnimiawittesetwe | | camper Tamar =n ST «+ Siege crrigntgiew ou | | est ‘rom the DME station per every pec se 10008. [High High (HH) __| Instrument Landing System (ILS) Localizer ‘ Frequency range: 108.1 to 111,95 MHz with odd tenths only. Width: Between 3°-6° so that the width at the threshold ‘would be 700 feet. Usually 5° total width. (2.5 fill deflection to each side, which i 4 times more sensitive than a VOR), © Coverage range: 35° to each side ofthe centerline for the first TONM and 10° up to I8NM from the antenna and up to an Bask Course FroatCoune 33°10: altitude of 4500" Glide slope Ercquency range: 329.3 to 335 MHz (UHF) (GS is automatically tuned with localizer frequency). ‘ Width: 1.4 degree (full deflection is 0.7° either direction). 4 Range: typically upto 10 NM. & Slope: 25°-35° ‘© Exrors: False glide slope above normal glide slope. 750-1250 feet Marker beacons ‘® Provides range information over specific points along the approach. Transmits at 75 MHz. + Outer marker: 4-7 miles out. Indicate the position at which the aireraft should intercept the GS at the appropriate interception altitude +508. BLUE. “=~ 4 Middle marker: ~3500ft from the runway. Indicates the approximste point where the GS meets the decision height. ‘Usually 200ft above the touchdown zone elevation. 1) 4 Inner marker: between the MM and runway threshold, Indicates the point where the glide slope meets the DH on a CAT It ILS approach. SERINE“. ..” Back course marker: Indicates the FAF on selected back course approaches. Not a part of the ILS approach. SIRI. “...." ‘Compass locator ‘Approach Lieht System (ALS) Low-power NDB transmitter at lest 25 Watts and 1SNM range) | | Helps the tition between radio-guidedflighs into visual installed ‘with the OM or the MM on some ILS approach. wal gti ee = of the specific ALS configuration. ‘Airplane IFR quick-review study sheets | page 6 | vist plotscafe.com for more cool stuff Vi copyright 2011,Nea atl comsead So emp oes yd ay. * Sat Navigon SiS GNSS) 1 cao) 5 eat in : [DMEZDME ENA (es vo DAE sgl nd postion) 30320 KT / 2 = 628 fom How fc out to start. descent? (3° ede) Altitude to lose / 300 ‘ample 600 ols, sar dec 20NM ost (so00/300 = 2019 ‘il Reese Unt Se RUS) ong Ramp Novo LORAN) ‘© ‘Regia Ravin Perornnce NP) "Anneli ace ge pase an ofl sera caps ‘Atal aby =e of erie = cs Erne RNP 20 GNM auray 9h Be ih me) ‘Convert cfimb eradient from fNM to fom ‘Tein Dep ENP 19104 se 9% oe i=) rm requirenent XM per Minute ‘pprssh R05 OSM soy ‘) fies Sots TO RNAV UNAV’ provides Verical NAVigtionpodace = oe eet aes caw © Published RNAV roetes include Q (FL1B0 to FLASO) and T (1,200 AGL to 18,000 MSL) routes and are designated ‘nat (120 60min =2 18% pe i. | Mognetic Reference Bearing (MRB) - the published bearing between two waypoints on an Seon 2» sontom Lo aiticrsronSs oom ‘Global Positioning System (GPS) ‘GPS isa Global Naviaon Sait Soien (GNSS opened by the Uied States. ‘© The constellation consis of minimum oF24stelies (with sme spares) orig above the eh wt 10,800 NM, The psa is designed otha at eas satelites arin vew a any given locaton on eat ‘© Thotime lapse beeen the tansmision bands (a btsind from the atomic clocks on testi) to the tie it wes reosved bythe icra reeves ‘raneltd ino distance (pseudo-ange) Using one satelite, the srt could virtually be onan plat on sphere surounding the sel, with te Receiver Autonoma ineerity Mentoring (RAIM) i funtion of GPS receivers tht monitors the integrity ofthe satelite sigma | » RAIM (ful detection) requires a mininam ofS atelier alternatively, 4 sles +anahimeer input (bro-aided RAIM) ‘2. Toliminnte corrupt snl Galt exclusion), RAIM needs nado stlite (tl of Sor + bara) ‘A databace loaded into the eeiver unit contains nsvigtoal data such i: sieports, raids, ous, waypes apd instrument procedures. ‘Aa FRtcetfid GPS may be used osubttae an ADF or DME bt ot for NDB appreches without a GPS oveday (without "or GPS” nie). ‘Check GPS NOTAMS before the Hight end use RAIM preci if valble on you receive. ‘iffeenil GPS (DGPS) ~ proves the accuracy of GPS by messing eor recived by reinence statins at own geographical lectins and then broadening those eos to supported GPS reels (Wide Ares Ausmentation Systm (WAAS)~ Eros are broadcasted bac oa stliteand fom there f icafequipped with GPS WAAS receives, || Covent: Alle or APV apn sha LV al LNAIVNAY. Eos ae broadcast va VHF to LAAS-enlad GPS receivers. More acct than WAAS bt overs ° nck slr espace! rs Allows fr cig Tendsboe sprees feqipped eeee “Twpes of altudes| ‘woes of speeds Indie all Uncorncte atinde nde on hediatwhon || & Ino amps LAS india on the sine incr sto cal presse sting (ON. Calbia ainpend(GAS)~ TAS coneie for nsrunent & postion evr. + Prsaumealnde Ali sbove the standard 2.92, He plana. ‘ Euualencsinpssl EAS) —CAS cometd fo compresibity emer. (GN) ‘& ‘Tipesiapond (TAS) ~ Aca spent trough hair EAS corte for “@ Danslv alle pressure al, corected for nonstandard emperatu ‘rwanda tempers and peste ‘Us for performance excuaon. 4 Machnunber Thera of TAS othe cal spend of sound ‘& Timsalide Act ine ove Mean So Love (MSL). * ‘Gon Acul et rte nd TAS oe wind Absoht line Height above spor: vation (QFE). ————— = Showa core sped ong at you maa the sme |] eee ‘Ths only instrument affected i he alrspeed indicator. Ane at which he loknge ood Ahigher shite spect wil idee | lower han t sould At love aides higher thn hol il: aman clgpon ino open— Annes lop | Almas wil feez oa the etude where it was Blocked. VSI eezs on 20, | Aer ving skagen he stat ot, ou soo usa mat atc fourocor bre the VSI window (in tha ease, expect everse VSI information) ‘Both air inlet and drain hole are clogged — The airspeed indicator will act as an altimeter, and will no longer be reliable. | nonin tc atomate sic sou (ower static presure is mesure) | ‘Ainnsstindcnar~ isis fer ton it should | ‘Sums ihe han boul. | XSi momen show alin, ‘When you suspect a ptot blockage, consider the use of pitot heat to mel ioe that may have formed in or on the ptot ube Airplane IFR quick-review study sheets | page 7 | visit pilotscafe.com for more cool stuff ‘VLA copyright 2011nw *Min visibility & dis from cloeds: ne endl aleve estat in Sais to usted a, ee ae ee ow ae emus nesta ioe ome eae er a eee ean (am Day. 152, 35M visibility & stay clear | Der 3552 of clouds 2.200" Ast ‘Shain 120A Day: 15M dear of clouds Night: 3152° or 5M dear ofouds ina wate ater wt 5 fom the una. suse" i Two principles of a gyroscope: Rigidity in space and precession. ‘© Attitude indicator ~ operates on the principle of rigidity in space. Shows bank and pitch information. Older Als may have a ‘tumble limit. Should show correct attitude within 5 minutes of turning on the engine. Normally vacuum-driven in GA aircraft, may be electrical in others. May have small aoceleration/deceleration errors (accelerate-slight pitch up, decelerate- pitch down) and roll-out errors (following a 180 turn shows a slight tum to the opposite direction). “ Heading indicator — operates on the principle of rigidity in space. It only reflects changes in heading, but cannot measure the heading directly. You have to calibrate it with a magnetic compass in order for it to indicate correctly. Some Hs are slaved to magnetic heading source, such as a flux gate, and sync automatically to the correct heading. Normally powered by the vacuum system in on GA aireraft. Tum indicators — operates on the principle of precision. ‘© Tum coordinators show rate-of-turn and rate of roll © Turmand-slip indicators show rate-of-turn only. Electronic flight instruments * Attude Heading Reference Systems (AHRS)— Provides more accurate and reliable attitude and heading dats than traditional separate gyro systems. The first AHRS units were very expensive and relied on laser gyros and flux valves. Today they are based on solid state technologies (no moving parts) and are cheaper, smaller and easier to maintain. ‘ AitData Computers (ADC) - replaces the mechanical pitot-static instruments. The ADC receives inputs from the pitot, static and outside temperature ports and computes airspeed, true airspeed, vertical speed and altitude ‘ Flight director computes and displays command bars over the attitude indicator to assist the pilot in flying selected heading, course or vertical speed. + Flight Management System (FMS) — Receives inputs from various sensors and provides guidance tothe autopilot and flight rector thoughout the fight. The FMS alo automatically montrs and elects the most appropri navigation sous fr urate positioning. (GPS, VOR/DME, INS etc.) + Elssronie light lasirument Systems (EFIS) AKA “Glass cockpit”. * Raima cht Dil (ED ~ Dilys gt discharged, VS and eding a wel at ¢ Muli-Eunaion Dilys (MED) Displays variety of infomation such a moving maps, sicraf system slats, weather and trafic. It may also be used as «backup for other displays, such asthe PFD or EICAS. limuations: ‘Ainge -0 KIAS. DVMONA ‘Tum cneinaar ball entered and wings level when not ming. On tums: shows ram in coret ection, D-Deviaon ial goes to opposite dren of the us V. Vattion ‘Aittude - Corect pitch atid and bank angle 2°S within $ minutes, Me Magna dip ‘Heading indicator ~ Sean shows comet headings. (O- Oscillation ‘Aimeter~ Seto loa lincter stings old eevation, Show comet eld elevation 275 fet, 1N-Nomhouth tam erors (Noreen henisphe: UNOS VSI~0fpm, “Magnetic compas svingsfely,fll f Mui, shows known beadings and evan ca is instal ‘Undershoot Nor Oversoot South) ‘Markecbeacons ~ Tested, ‘Ac Acceleration eros ‘NAV Comm sec (orem hemisphere: ANDS. ‘GBS — Checked end set ‘Accelerate Nrth Deeclerate South) [EELS cockplis- Check PFDIMFDVEICAS for "X's, messages and removed symbols. ‘Magnetic compass errors & ‘Generic instrument tax] cockpit check *You should tailor it to your aireraft & operations | J} ‘Airplane IFR quick-review study sheets | page 8 | visit pilotscafe.com for more cool stuff ‘VLA copyright 2013PilotsCafe | L ‘Enroute weather information sources rete at Advinnn Sartce (EEAS) 1220 Miro 5000-17500 MSL. Other fequeacis se avilable above 18,00. EFAS i called “ight wash” over | theo. ‘¢-Trnibed Weather Breast CTWER)~ Avail in Al only. A recorded broadcast ove selected LMF and VOR fii of weather information for ibe lca ar, ‘¢ Hicantou Indio Weather Advisory Service TWAS) — Hazardos snd wget weather informatio broadcasted ovr select VOR stations Comins 8 Summary of ny AIRMETs, SIGMETs, convective SIGMETs and Ceter Weather Advscis (CWA and urget PIREPS, ‘¢ DATALINK- Dapaystetual end gopicl weather infomation obtained via grovad sos (sah s FISDL) or stlltes. You should pay aetion 0 ‘overage gape andthe age of tb information. ° We = ‘ATC Ceuer weather advisories re sued by ARTCC tat pilots of exiting o anticipated advere weatheconditons. ARTOC wil lo broadcast severe ‘Brecon ales (AWW), converte SIGMETs and SIGMETs on all of faguancies excep forthe emergency tequency (21.5 MH). + Onboan weather + Onboard ligming decor “> Comstive SIGMET (WSI An inflight advisory of convective wether significant oa sirraft Issued hourly a 5 mimes past the howe Vali for 2 ‘fours Contains ihr an observation and a oezast or only forecast Convective SIGMETe are issued fr any ofthe folowing: Severe thundentoras dus wo: + Surface winds eter or equal to 50 knots 1 ic Halo the rice greater than 34 inch in meter “omadoes Ennbedded tandems ‘lin of thunderstorms east 6 miles long affecting 40% ofits length ‘Thunderstorms producing besvy’or geste precipitation abting more dan 40% ofan ara oft east 3000 ema miles. Convective SIGMETs alway imple severe o greater turbulence, severe jing. or lw level wind shea. 4 SLGMET WS) ~ A nom scheduled nflgh advisory witha maxim forest period of 4 hous. Advises of non-conveetive weather potently hazardous {ilypes of aera. A SIGMET i ied when the flowing is expected o occur 1 Severe fing not associated with handesionms © Severe or etre turbulence or Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) not associate wit thundersones. ' Dust storms, Sandton lowerig surtice visit below 3 miles 6 Volcanic ws ‘¢ AIRMET GWA) An advisory of signcant weather phenomena st lower intone than those which require the Issuance of SIGMETS. These ‘weather conditons can alec al acreft but are potendaly hazardous to arrat wih ited capably. Valid for 6 hours, S"AIRMET () decerbes moderate turbulence, eustanod surface winds of 30 knots or greater, andor non-convectvelow-evel wind shear. © AIRMET (2) -deecrbes moderate cing and provides freezing evel heights. © AIRMET S) - describes IFR condltions andlor extensive mountain obscuratins. © Graphical AIRMETs (AIRMET G) fond tins evtion ease 30 + PIREP (UAL & Urgent PIREP (UUA)~ pilot weather repos. ‘$ METAR Aviation routine weather show sarfce weather servation in a tandarnteratioal format. Scheduled METAR ae published eer hou, Non- eduled METARS (SPECI are issued when there ie significant change in oa or ore report element since te st scheduled METAR. ‘@ TAB Terminal Aerodrome Forecast, Weather fnsas for SSM madvs re around the station. sued times day every sx hour ad normally cover a 24 i 30 hour forecast pvod, TAF amendments (TAF AMD) supersede the previous TAF. ‘@ Avlaton Area Eereesst (EA) -A frecs of weather eoaiton over an are of several tats, When thee sn» TAF available for your route, ceck the FAs SREMINAN SIGMETs, AIRKIETs and other information, Area forecasts are isd ims a day (or 4 tmes forte Carfbean, Asks and Hawai regions) «Surfs anal chart “Generated fom surface wlio epors- Shows pres systems, sbar, ons simass boundaries (ch ws: dynes and outfow foundries) an sation infomation auch a: wind, temperature dew pot, sky coverage, ad preiption). sued every 3 hour. Bawa topical and Oceanic regions every 6 hours) * us ike the surice analysis hart ite generat from surface station observations. Dept areas of VFR (test 300" citing and "$5M visti), Marginal VFR 100-2000 csiling enor 358M visi, shown as contoured areas) and TFR (es thn 1000 eng andor 38M visibility, Shown ss shod ares} It ls shows basic METAR information a selected tans (vs, sky verge ceilings and obstructions to vis). sued very 3 hours staring at O:002. ‘& Radar summary chart SD)~ Depicts precipitation yp, iatensiy, coverage, movement, chose and maxim op. sued hourly (3 Ming tam al forents (EB) sued times ly or diferent ait ond light levels. Winds within 1500” AGL and temperatures within 2800" AGL ‘Feo shown,Fumnat DDFFEEE where DD=wind direction: vid sped t-imperare, Light and variable winds: 990, Winds berneco 100-199 Kéare ‘oded by adding 3 tothe fas digi ofthe wind direction. Example: 3120S = winds 130 at [2 temperature =5°C. 7525.02 = winds 80 at 122 empecture-02° C. Above FL240 temperatures are negatve andthe mins sign) is omited. ‘¢ Laur level sizniicant eather char Forecasts siguficant weather onions fra 12 and 24 hou period fom the surface to 400 mi eve (24000 tsued ‘anes day. Depicts weer aegores (FR, MVER and VFR), turbulence and fezing eels. ‘& Mid-Level lnifeant weather chart Dept forecast of sgificent weathers various alae and fight levels fm 10,000" MSLto FLASD. Shows: Heer a rans, tropopsss bei rope! clones, dre and severe icing conditions, moderate or severe turbulence, cloal coverage and pe, ‘leanc sth and areas of kasd raoardive mater, mos a dy for the Not Alante Region. ‘¢ Histecvelsgnlcant weather charts Depicts oecst of sigiicnt weather phenomemn for F250 to FLA30. Shows: coverage bases ad tops of Tiibisstcens and CB clouds mode and severe turbulence, jet steams, tropopause heights, ropcal cyclone, severe sql lines olan ruption sites, ‘widespread sand a dat storms. sued ies dy. ‘@ Convastive aoa (AC) Availabe in both graphical an ecoal fat. A 3-day forecast of convective activity. Convesive ares ae clasifed as sight {SLT moderate (MDT), dd high (HIGH ik fo severe thundertarms. suance: day 1~§ mesa day, dey 2~ wie day ay 3~once a ey, ‘Airplane IFR quick-review study sheets | page 9 | visit pilotscafe.com for more cool stuff VLA copyright 2012,lr a Pilotsc afé Tr sus tere mls) 2 Rnennahieengrme lap rate 3. An intial pling fre (sch as font pasage, mountains, esting ftom below, ec) “Thundarstorm haar - Limited vil, wind shear, stong up and downdraft, cing, hllstones, heavy rin severe turbulence, lightning sks and tornadoes [ifecoel ofa thunderstorm “© Cul stage (5 ale beg) — ling actin ofthe ar begins. Grow rat ay exceed 3000 fp. ‘ Mature stage (5-10 miles height) —bepns when prvpttos has bovome fo fill onthe clod bse: Upérafat this sage may exceed 6000 fp. Downdrfis ‘iy exceed 200 fn Al thunderstorm haar ar a ti greater intensity a the matress. + Dissiating stage (57 miles hight) ~ characterized by suoag downdrais andthe cll is dying pil. Bag A cloud tht begin within 0 othe surface. Occurs when he i tmpersture ner tho ground reaches its dew pont, or when the dew pont is ised tothe esting temperature by ddd moisture tothe at ‘ adation fog Osco acalm cl igs when the ground cool rapidly duo tothe release of ound saiton. * advection fag warm, moist ir moves overs cold soe. Winds are roguied for sdvecton fo to fm ' Iggfag Forme when the temperate iach below fering and wenter por tre dre into fees. Common in be arse pons bu also occu a sided + Losione fog mos, stable aris forced up «tain slope and cooled down to ts dew point by eiabtic cooing. “@ Stam fog ~ Cold dy ie moves over warm var, Mote i added to the inmas and seas fog forms [elag (AC 91-4, AC 0064). + Structural ie ~ Two conto fo fomation: Vise moisture clouds, fog, precipi) 2. Aireraft surface temperoture below teeing © Clarice tet dangerous type Hear, hard and difcl to move. Fomus when water dope fees slowly axe smooth shot of slid ee, Usly coc t temperature loot the resang poa 10” O° C) by large supercooled dops of watr © Rimeice~ Opequ, white, rough ce formed by sol supercooled water drops rezing quickly. Occrs at lower temperatures then clear ce des. (© Mise ce Clear ad rime ie formed imalencusl. Tntrumsntige—souctrl ice forming ove srt instruments and sesors, sich pio and static. * Induston ix ~ie reducing the emeun of ifr te engine intake, lnake ss Blacks the engine intake. © Cathstarice~ May form de othe ses temperate opin he carbarstor ven. Typical ontons re ots ir tempers of 7° to 21° Cand igh lative hum above 80%). + Bros Ie ryt caused by sublination when bth the temperature andthe dew pot are below ezing Hepa — insu supply of xygen othe body cals. + Hyposic hypoxia ~ infin supply of 02 tthe body as «whole. As aide increases, 02 percentage ofthe atmosphere Is constant, butts pressure -decrnts. The rice prose becomes instil! or the 2 molec opt ough the respiratory ste’ membranes. ‘© Hypemichupoxin~Intility ofthe blod to cary the O2 molecules, It may be «res of nsficieat blood (led or blod donation), anemia, or CO poisoning ‘ Bisson honoxi— Init ofthe body cell to ffeively we the 02 supplied by the blod. This can be case hy use of lobo o drugs + Sagnat hypoxia = Caused bythe bacd not owing toa body tame. Can be eased by hear: problems, excessive acolerton (Gx), shock or conarited blood — ‘Oxygen reaulrements 094.211) ‘Note:02 raurements below ae fer operations under part 91. Pat 121 and 138 requirements are diferent + Cabin pressure atndes 12,500-14,0008 crew must se supplemental 02 fo perio of Tight over 30 minutes at thes atdes. + Cabin prestaratudes above 40008 cow must bo provided with and use supplemental O2 the cate fg time a these aude. + Cabin pressure attudes above 15,0000 ~each occupant must be provide wit supplemental 02. Presa bine 0: Above FL250 -anston of at es 10 minntes of supplemental 02 for each occupant is require. 2 Above F350 - one plot atte contls must wear and use an O2 mask umes wo piles area te con wits uick-donning masks andthe srr sao ‘below FLALO. ‘Fone pilot eaves the controls above FL350, the oe pilot mast wear and we his O2 mask regardless if t's quick donning ype. ~ A eondioa which occurs when excessive mous fis eliminated from the body a result breathing to rapidly. Symptoms may be snl fo those of hypona.Breathing into paper bag orang loud helps recovery fom hyperventilation. Decompression sekness Inert gasses mainly trogen) ae released rapaly fom slain inthe boy tissues and Musa result of bw barometer, ‘Tae gasses form buble that may har he bod in soveal ways. The mast common sul of decompression sickness joint pin he bonds) but ican damage coher mportant ewes, cling the bai. Decompression sickness is more ily ater cubs diving. where te body i subject to higher pressures. Wai at east, 12 hoar afer soos diving i your ight is wp to SODDN cabin alitee, or 24 hours fr higher cabin aitudes. You MAY redistribute and share this report (as long as you make no changes and credit plotscafe.com asthe source) Al rights reserved to Amir Fleminger and pilotscafe,com. | Disciaimer: while attempts have been made to veriy the accuracy of the | information in this report, the author dass nat assume any responsibilities or lables for errors contained in tor for misuse ofthis information. You may onlv use this report at your own is Airplane IFR quick-review study sheets | page 10 | visit pilotscafe.com for more cool stuff Vic copyright 2011