Blast Log Evaluation

Program (BLEP)

Office of Surface Mining

Appalachian Region
And
Technical Innovations and Professional Services
(TIPS)
 Administratium
(Heaviest element known to man)
 Welcome
 WR Facilities
 Hotel
 Breaks
 Vouchers
 Notebook
 Class Agenda
 Sign-in
 Introductions
 Who, Where, What do you do?
 Experience with blast logs?
Blasting Logs and
Adverse Effects
Ken Eltschlager
(412) 937-2169
Keltschl@osmre.gov
 What we are here to review
 Important components of the blast log to
control the adverse effects of blasting

 Flyrock
 Ground vibrations
 Airblast
 (Fumes)
 Why is this important?
 Prevent injury to people

 Prevent damage to property

 Required by SMCRA
Global overview
Review – Blasting, Seismology and
Acoustics
 Overview of Blast Logs
 The Blast
Bad News…
Good News……
Confinement
Charge weight per delay
 Delay Sequence
(surface and down hole)
Blast logs #1 piece of evidence
 Why Should Blasters
Keep Good Logs??

 Regulations say so

 Quality control

 Liability protection
 Overview of blast energy
 Seismic speed – 3,000 – 25,000 ft/s

 Air or sound speed – 1,100 ft/s

 Flyrock –
Faster than you
can run!
 SAFEGUARD SEISMIC UNIT 2000DK ** **
SN: 2243
DATE: 09/12/95 TIME: 15:18:06 Summary
Event: 009 Recording Time: 10 L T v
Client: ROBERTSON PPV (in/sec) 0.10 0.14 0.07
Operation: BUCKEYE IND. MINING CO. PO (in x.001) 2.39 2.97 1.38
SSU Location: ROBERTSON YARD PPA (g) .02 .02 .02
Distance to blast: 1385 FREQ (Hz) 8.0 7.6 16.6
Operator: M.MANN/ODNR RESULTANT PPV (in/sec): 0.15
Comments: PEAK AIR PRESSURE: (dB) 114
Trigger Level: .05 IN/SEC (psi) 0.00145
VELOCITY WAVEFORM GRAPH SCALE SHAKETABLE CALIBRATED: 06/20/95
TIME - 100 MSEC PER MARK By GeoSonics, Inc.
SEISMIC - +/- .64 IN/SEC Box 779, Warrendale, PA 15095 U.S.A.
SOUND - +/- 0.00232 PSI TEL: 412.934.2900 FAX: 412.934.2999

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Vibrations arrive at a house
 Structure Response
 Ground vibrations and
airblast make homes
shake or vibrate.
 Blast Log Review
and
Blasting Seismograph Data
 Scaled Distance Relationship
 To evaluate ground vibrations and airblast

 GV – Square root scaled distance

SD2 = D/CW1/2

 AB – Cubed root scaled distance

SD3 = D/CW1/3
Spatial
Relationships Complaint House 2,
1500’

Complaint
House, 550’

Compliance House,
450’
 Ground and Air Vibrations
 Know the location of the blast
 Check the distance!!

Permit Area

690 Feet Jones

Residence

North
 Ground and Air Vibrations
 Know the charge weigh per delay

 Check the explosives per hole

 Check for overlaps – time the blast out!!

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Si-IOT REPORT
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Location /1. Typical Load .!;if2_ Ft. EaC's Used
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/O,,o/· ! lr /50 lbs. ANFO o- (, ~50· 500..ZO
.No. of Rows i 3" I I "f' lbs. HDP ~1 25· 275· 55o.Zo
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50· 300·20600·
No. of Holes I
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Diameter

I Burden
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125·
325·
350~0
375·
650·
700·
800·
150·. 400-Zo 900·
Depth 175· 425· 1000·
I 200· 450-20
Water
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Material Shoe
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_ _ Ft. ESC's Used

lbs. ANFO 0· 250· 500·

Stemming lbs. HDP #1 25· 275· 550·
Blasting Mach. 50· 300· 600·
75· 325· 650·
Distance
100· 350· 700·
,- Scale Distance 125· 375· 800·
150· 400· 900·
175· 425· 1000·
i BulkANFO ..:jtJ,SQ
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I HDP #1 /20 225· 475· Total

Totallbs.
' #20 CONN. WIRE
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FT. PRIMA CORD
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MAX LBS.IDELAY
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MAX. HOLES/DELAY
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REMARKS
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 Ground vibrations
Distance SD PPV

< 301 50 1.25

301 – 5000 55 1.00

> 5000 65 0.75

 Airblast
2 Hz microphone 133 dB

All seismographs manufactured today

have 2 Hz lower frequency response
range.

No Scaled Distance counterpart.

 If seismograms are available -
 Plot the data SD2 vs PPV

 Plot the data SD3 vs dB

 Does the data plot as a group or in a

straight line?
 SD vs Ground Vibrations

10.00
PEAK PARTICLE VELOCITY

1.00

0.10

0.01
10 100 1000
PPV PPV MAX SCALED DISTANCE
 SD vs Airblast

140
135
130
125
AIRBLAST dB

120
115
110
105
100
95
90
SCALED DISTANCE
AIRBLAST MAX airblast
Flyrock Damage - 1995 - KY

* Children playing outside - Cost $1.5 million

 Flyrock Death – 1993 - TN
 Passenger in a car on I-75

 Blaster
 5 months in jail
 5 months house detention
 1 year probation

 Superintendent
 3 months halfway house
 5 month house detention
 Flyrock control items
 Stemming

 Powder Factor

 Rock Type

 Confinement
 Key blast log parameters
 Blast location

 Charge weight

 Stemming

 Rock type
 Blast Log Evaluation Program
 All data obtained from the blast logs
 Cross tabulates data fields
 Plots the data for visual comparison
 Lumped or linear data are good
 Scattered data are bad
 Outlying data must be investigated further
 What does BLEP buy you??
 Shows compliance with vibration limits
 Saves you the trouble of calculating by
hand
 Creates a permanent record of your
review
 Identifies outlying blasts relative to typical
blasting at the mine
 Allows statistical analysis of the data
Break!
 Excel
 BLEP operates as a spread sheet in Excel
 First, we will explore the use of Excel
 Launch Excel and discuss the menus and
components of the spreadsheet

 Go to Tools/Customize, check the boxes:

 Show standard and Formatting toolbars on
two rows
 Always show full menus
 Data Entry
 Numeric data
 Alpha numeric data
 Copy feature
 Numeric operators
 + Addition
 - Subtraction
 * Multiplication
 / Division
 ^ Exponential
 Data Entry
 Column A Distance: 450, 550, 650, 750,
900, 2000
 Column B Charge Weight: 100, 100, 100,
100, 100, 100
 Column C Addition: A + 10
 Column D Subtraction: B – 10
 Column E Multiplication: A * 2
 Column F Division: B / 2
 Column G Exponent: A ^ 2
 Column H Scaled Distance: A / B ^.5
 Column I PPV: H ^ -1.52 * 438
 Graphing
 Save as Test 1
 Graph columns A and B
 Graph columns C and D
 Graph Columns A and E
 Headers
 Axis editing
 Scale editing
 Normal
 Log-log
 Data Entry/Graphing
 Sheet 4
 Example 1 in notebook
 Enter distance, charge weight and PPV
 Calculate scaled distance and worse-case
PPV
 Graph log-log SD vs PPV
 Add worse-case line
 Add trendline
 Timing
 Save Test 1
 Sheet 2
 Illustrate 100 x 17 ms timing
 Generate array
 Copy / Paste Special (values)
 Sort A-Z
 Bottom ms – top ms in adjacent field
 Save
 Timing
 Sheet 3
 6 x 7 pattern,
 Zig-zag 42 ms up one side with 17 ms
down the row
 Overlaps?
Break!
 Downloading BLEP Files
 Create desktop folder called BLEP
 www.osmre.gov
 Research and Technology
 Blasting Information
 Copy all BLEP files to the desktop folder
 Open and reference BLEP-Instructions
 Open and discuss Field-Log
 (DO NOT copy data into this spreadsheet!!)
 Sky Haven Example
 Use field log to transpose log data
 Five records
 Review first two records and discuss the
data input required for each field as
outlined in the instructions
 Alpha, Numeric or Date?
 Numeric fields will be used in formulas or
plotted
 BLEP
 Launch BLEP
 Save Template As SkyHaven.xls
 Data Entry ….. 5 records
 Discuss results
 Full Sample.xls
 Discuss each graph
 Discuss notes
 Discuss graph interpretation
 Grace Example
 Use Field Log
 Data entry
 Discuss findings
 Instructor add Measured Distance and
Timing to show red squares
 Discuss graph coupling for flyrock, ground
vibration and air blast
 Scaled Distance Sample
 Emphasis importance of:
 Getting a Measured Distance
 Timing the blast
 These will get the red square verification
points that should over lay the blue circles
 Discuss utility
 Old Hickory Exercise
 Data entry
 Time each blast
 Enter Measured Distance based on Airblast
arrival time
 Discuss results
 Vibration Sample
 Emphasis minimal data entry when
vibration data is available
 Rinker Exercise
 Single blast monitoring
 Enter
 Date, Time
 Charge Weight
 Distance on each waveform
 PPV, Frequency, Airblast
 Illustrate directional effects
 Regression analysis with Trendline – Power
function
 Add equation
 Add R2
 Modified scaled distance methodology
Question??