L28/32H

Project Guide - Power Plant

Four-stroke GenSet
Complete manual
date 2014.06.16
MAN Diesel & Turbo

Plate
Page 1 (3) Project guide Index

L28/32H

Text Index Drawing No

Introduction I 00

Introduction to project guide I 00 00 0 1643483-5.4

Key for engine designation I 00 05 0 1609526-0.8
Designation of cylinders I 00 15 0 1607568-0.2
Code identification for instruments I 00 20 0 1687100-5.5
Basic symbols for piping I 00 25 0 1655279-1.0

General information D 10

List of capacities D 10 05 0 3700075-9.0

List of capacities D 10 05 0 3700076-0.0
Description of sound measurements D 10 25 0 1609510-3.5
Description of structure-born noise D 10 25 0 1671754-6.2
Moment of inertia D 10 30 0 1607592-9.2
Green Passport D 10 33 0 1699985-1.1

Basic diesel engine B 10

General description B 10 01 1 3700012-5.1

Cross section B 10 01 1 1607528-5.3
Main particulars B 10 01 1 1689495-7.1
Dimensions and weights B 10 01 1 1613426-1.6
Centre of gravity B 10 01 1 1631459-4.1
Overhaul areas B 10 01 1 1624446-2.6
Low dismantling height B 10 01 1 1631464-1.0
Engine rotation clockwise B 10 11 1 1607566-7.2

Fuel oil system B 11

Internal fuel oil system B 11 00 0 3700150-2.0

Specification for heavy fuel oil (HFO) B 11 00 0 6680 3.3.3-01
Marine diesel oil (MDO) specification B 11 00 0 010.000.023-04
Gas oil / diesel oil (MGO) specification B 11 00 0 010.000.023-01
Bio fuel specification B 11 00 0 6680 3.3.1-02
Explanation notes for biofuel B 11 00 0 3700063-9.0
Crude oil specification B 11 00 0 3700246-2.0
Guidelines regarding MAN Diesel & Turbo GenSets operating on
low sulphur fuel oil B 11 00 0 1699177-5.1
Recalculation of fuel consumption dependent on ambient conditions B 11 01 0 1624473-6.2
Fuel oil consumption for emissions standard B 11 01 0 1607587-1.11
HFO/MDO changing valves (V1 and V2) E 11 10 1 1624467-7.3

Lubrication oil system B 12

Internal lubricating oil system B 12 00 0 1613544-6.8

Crankcase ventilation B 12 00 0 1699270-8.5
Prelubricating pump B 12 07 0 1624477-3.9
Lubricating oil (SAE30) specification for operation with gas oil,
diesel oil (MGO/MDO) and biofuels B 12 15 0 1699881-9.3
Lubricating oil (SAE30) specification for heavy fuel oil operation (HFO) B 12 15 0 1699882-0.5

2014.06.16
 MAN Diesel & Turbo

Plate
Index Project guide Page 2 (3)

L28/32H

Text Index Drawing No

Specific lubricating oil consumption - SLOC B 12 15 0 1607584-6.10

Treatment and maintenance of lubricating oil B 12 15 0 1643494-3.9
Criteria for cleaning/exchange of lubricating oil B 12 15 0 1609533-1.7

Cooling water system B 13

Engine cooling water specifications B 13 00 0 010.000.023-13

Cooling water inspecting B 13 00 0 010.000.002-03
Cooling water system cleaning B 13 00 0 010.000.002-04
Quality of raw-water in cooling tower operation (additive and
circulating water) B 13 00 0 1699250-5.0
Quality of water used in exhaust gas boiler plants B 13 00 0 1699251-7.0
Water specification for fuel-water emulsions B 13 00 0 010.000.023-16
Design data for external cooling water system B 13 00 0 1613545-8.5
Expansion tank B 13 00 0 1613419-0.4
Preheater arrangement in high temperature system B 13 23 1 1613487-1.4
Expansion tank pressurized T 13 01 1 1671771-3.4

Compressed air system B 14

Specification for compressed air B 14 00 0 010.000.023-21

Compressed air system B 14 00 0 1613520-6.4
Compressed air system B 14 00 0 1631498-8.0

Combustion air system B 15

Combustion air system B 15 00 0 1613523-1.4

Specifications for intake air (combustion air) B 15 00 0 010.000.023-17
Water washing of turbocharger - compressor B 15 05 1 1639499-6.0

Exhaust gas system B 16

Exhaust gas system B 16 00 0 1609535-5.4

Pressure drop in exhaust gas system B 16 00 0 1624460-4.2
Exhaust gas velocity B 16 01 0 3700152-6.2
Dry cleaning of turbocharger - turbine B 16 01 1 1607599-1.5
Water washing of turbocharger - turbine B 16 01 2 1607517-7.5
Position of gas outlet on turbocharger B 16 02 0 3700175-4.0
Silencer without spark arrestor, damping 35 dB (A) E 16 04 3 3700180-1.0
Silencer with spark arrestor, damping 35 dB (A) E 16 04 6 3700182-5.0

Speed control system B 17

Starting of engine B 17 00 0 1607583-4.4

Monitoring equipment B 18

Standard instrumentation B 18 01 1 1607502-1.5

2014.06.16
MAN Diesel & Turbo

Plate
Page 3 (3) Project guide Index

L28/32H

Text Index Drawing No

Safety and control system B 19

Operation data & set points B 19 00 0 1693576-8.5

Mechanical overspeed B 19 06 1 1643414-2.1
Converter for engine rpm signal B 19 13 1 1635436-4.2
Oil Mist Detector B 19 22 1 1699190-5.0
Engine control panel no 2, safety- and alarm system E 19 06 5 1635438-8.5
Combined box with prelubricating pump, preheater and el turning
device E 19 07 2 3700290-3.0
Combined box with prelubricating oil pump, nozzle conditioning pump,
preheater and el turning device E 19 07 2 1699867-7.0
Prelubricating oil pump starting box E 19 11 0 1631477-3.3
High temperature preheater control box E 19 13 0 1631478-5.1

Foundation B 20

Resilient mounting system for landbased L28/32H generating sets B 20 00 0 1693546-9.1

Test running B 21

Shop Test Programme for Power Plants B 21 01 1 1699986-3.0

Spare parts E 23

Weight and dimensions of principal parts E 23 00 0 1613436-8.2

Tools P 24

Standard tools for normal maintenance P 24 01 1 1613467-9.7

Tools for reconditioning P 24 02 1 1613460-6.5
Extra tools for low dismantling height P 24 04 1 1613463-1.2

Alternator G 50

Information from the alternator supplier G 50 02 8 1613538-7.3

Engine/alternator type G 50 02 3 1613562-5.4
Alternator cable installation B/G 50 00 0 1699865-3.4
Combinations of engine- and alternator layout B/G 50 00 0 3700084-3.4

Preservation and packing B 98

Lifting instruction B 25 03 0 1631490-3.2

2014.06.16
Introduction

I 00
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1643483-5.4
Page 1 (2) Introduction to project guide I 00 00 0

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF

Introduction
Our project guides provide customers and consultants with information and data when planning new plants
incorporating four-stroke engines from the current MAN Diesel & Turbo engine programme. On account of the
modifications associated with upgrading of our project guides, the contents of the specific edition hereof will
remain valid for a limited time only.
Every care is taken to ensure that all information in this project guide is present and correct.
For actual projects you will receive the latest project guide editions in each case together with our quotation
specification or together with the documents for order processing.
All figures, values, measurements and/or other information about performance stated in the project guides are
for guidance only and shall not be used for detailed design purposes or as a substitute for specific drawings
and instructions prepared for such purposes. MAN Diesel & Turbo makes no representations or warranties
either express or implied, as to the accuracy, completeness, quality or fitness for any particular purpose of the
information contained in the project guides.
MAN Diesel & Turbo will issue an Installation Manual with all project related drawings and installation instruc-
tions when the contract documentation has been completed.
The Installation Manual will comprise all necessary drawings, piping diagrams, cable plans and specifications of
our supply.

All data provided in this document is non-binding. This data serves informational purposes only and is especially not
guaranteed in any way.
Depending on the subsequent specific individual projects, the relevant data may be subject to changes and will be
assessed and determined individually for each project. This will depend on the particular characteristics of each
individual project, especially specific site and operational conditions.
If this document is delivered in another language than English and doubts arise concerning the translation, the Eng-
lish text shall prevail.

Original instructions

2013.04.17
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
1643483-5.4
I 00 00 0 Introduction to project guide Page 2 (2)

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF

Code numbers

Code letter: The code letter indicates the contents of the documents:
B : Basic Diesel engine / built-on engine
D : Designation of plant
E : Extra parts per engine
G : Generator
I : Introduction
P : Extra parts per plant

Function/system number: A distinction is made between the various chapters and systems, e.g.: Fuel oil sys-
tem, monitoring equipment, foundation, test running, etc.
Sub-function: This figure occurs in variants from 0-99.
Choice number: This figure occurs in variants from 0-9:
0 : General information 1 : Standard
2-8 : Standard optionals 9 : Optionals

Further, there is a table of contents for each chapter and the pages follow immediately afterwards.

Copyright 2011 © MAN Diesel & Turbo, branch of MAN Diesel & Turbo SE, Germany, registered with the Danish
Commerce and Companies Agency under CVR Nr.: 31611792, (herein referred to as “MAN Diesel & Turbo”).
This document is the product and property of MAN Diesel & Turbo and is protected by applicable copyright laws.
Subject to modification in the interest of technical progress. Reproduction permitted provided source is given.

2013.04.17
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1609526-0.8
Page 1 (1) Key for engine designation I 00 05 0

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF,

L23/30DF
Key for engine designation

2014.02.11
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1607568-0.2
Page 1 (1) Designation of cylinders I 00 15 0

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF

General

2013.04.18
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1687100-5.5
Page 1 (3) Code identification for instruments I 00 20 0

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF

Explanation of symbols

Specification of letter code for measuring devices

1st letter Following letters
F Flow A Alarm

L Level D Differential

P Pressure E Element

S Speed, System H High

T Temperature I Indicating

U Voltage L Low

V Viscosity S Switching, Stop

X Sound T Transmitting

Z Position X Failure

V Valve, Actuator

2013.04.18
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
1687100-5.5
I 00 20 0 Code identification for instruments Page 2 (3)

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF

Standard text for instruments

Diesel engine/alternator
LT water system
01 inlet to air cooler 04 inlet to alternator 07 inlet to lub. oil cooler
02 outlet from air cooler 05 outlet from alternator 08 inlet to fresh water cooler
03 outlet from lub. oil cooler 06 outlet from fresh water cooler 09
(SW)

HT water system
10 inlet to engine 14 inlet to HT air cooler 17 outlet from fresh water cooler
10A FW inlet to engine 14A FW inlet to air cooler 18 inlet to fresh water cooler
11 outlet from each cylinder 14B FW outlet from air cooler 19 preheater
12 outlet from engine 15 outlet from HT system 19A inlet to prechamber
13 inlet to HT pump 16 outlet from turbocharger 19B outlet from prechamber

Lubricating oil system

20 inlet to cooler 24 sealing oil - inlet engine 28 level in base frame
21 outlet from cooler/inlet to filter 25 prelubricating 29 main bearings
22 outlet from filter/inlet to engine 26 inlet rocker arms and roller
23 inlet to turbocharger guides
23B outlet from turbocharger 27 intermediate bearing/alternator
bearing

Charging air system

30 inlet to cooler 34 charge air conditioning 38
31 outlet from cooler 35 surplus air inlet 39
32 jet assist system 36 inlet to turbocharger
33 outlet from TC filter/inlet to TC 37 charge air from mixer
compr.

Fuel oil system

40 inlet to engine 44 outlet from sealing oil pump 48
41 outlet from engine 45 fuel-rack position 49
42 leakage 46 inlet to prechamber
43 inlet to filter 47

Nozzle cooling system

50 inlet to fuel valves 54 58 oil splash
51 outlet from fuel valves 55 valve timing 59 alternator load
52 56 injection timing
53 57 earth/diff. protection

Exhaust gas system

60 outlet from cylinder 64 68
61 outlet from turbocharger 65 69
62 inlet to turbocharger 66
63 combustion chamber 67

2013.04.18
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1687100-5.5
Page 3 (3) Code identification for instruments I 00 20 0

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF

Compressed air system
70 inlet to engine 74 inlet to reduction valve 78 inlet to sealing oil system
71 inlet to stop cylinder 75 microswitch for turning gear 79
72 inlet to balance arm unit 76 inlet to turning gear
73 control air 77 waste gate pressure

Load speed
80 overspeed air 84 engine stop 88 index - fuel injection pump
81 overspeed 85 microswitch for overload 89 turbocharger speed
82 emergency stop 86 shutdown 90 engine speed
83 engine start 87 ready to start

Miscellaneous
91 natural gas - inlet to engine 95 voltage 99 common alarm
92 oil mist detector 96 switch for operating location 100 inlet to MDO cooler
93 knocking sensor 97 remote 101 outlet to MDO cooler
94 cylinder lubricating 98 alternator winding 102 alternator cooling air

2013.04.18
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1655279-1.0
Page 1 (4) Basic symbols for piping I 00 25 0

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38

Basic symbols for piping

2009.09.14. - Stationary
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
1655279-1.0
I 00 25 0 Basic symbols for piping Page 2 (4)

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38

2009.09.14. - Stationary
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1655279-1.0
Page 3 (4) Basic symbols for piping I 00 25 0

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38

2009.09.14. - Stationary
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
1655279-1.0
I 00 25 0 Basic symbols for piping Page 4 (4)

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38

2009.09.14. - Stationary
General information

D 10
MAN Diesel & Turbo
3700075-9.0
Page 1 (2) List of capacities D 10 05 0

L28/32H
Capacities
5L-9L: 210 kW/Cyl. at 720 rpm
Reference condition : Tropic
Air temperature °C 45
LT water temperature inlet engine (from system) °C 38
Air pressure bar 1
Relative humidity % 50
Number of cylinders 5 6 7 8 9
Engine output kW 1050 1260 1470 1680 1890
Speed rpm 720 720 720 720 720
Heat to be dissipated 1)
Cooling water (C.W.) Cylinder kW 234 281 328 375 421
Charge air cooler; cooling water HT kW 0 0 0 0 0
(Single stage charge air cooler)
Charge air cooler; cooling water LT kW 355 397 500 553 592
Lube oil (L.O.) cooler kW 191 230 268 306 345
Heat radiation engine kW 26 31 36 42 47
Flow rates 2)
Internal (inside engine)
HT cooling water cylinder m3/h 37 45 50 55 60
LT cooling water lube oil cooler * m3/h 7.8 9.4 11 12.7 14.4
LT cooling water lube oil cooler ** m3/h 28 28 40 40 40
LT cooling water charge air cooler m3/h 37 45 55 65 75
Air data
Temperature of charge air at charge air cooler outlet °C 51 52 51 52 53
Air flow rate m3/h 3) 7355 8826 10297 11768 13239
kg/kWh 7.67 7.67 7.67 7.67 7.67
Charge air pressure bar 2.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 2.97
Air required to dissipate heat radiation (engine) (t2-t1= 10°C) m3/h 8425 10045 11665 13609 15230

Exhaust gas data 4)

Volume flow (temperature turbocharger outlet) m3/h 5) 14711 17653 20595 23537 26479
Mass flow t/h 8.3 9.9 11.6 13.2 14.9
Temperature at turbine outlet °C 347 347 347 347 347
Heat content (190°C) kW 389 467 545 623 701
Permissible exhaust back pressure mbar < 30 < 30 < 30 < 30 < 30
Starting air system
Air consumption per start Nm3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Pumps
Engine driven pumps
Fuel oil feed pump (5,5-7,5 bar) m3/h 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
HT circuit cooling water (1,0-2,5 bar) m3/h 45 45 60 60 60
LT circuit cooling water (1,0-2,5 bar) m3/h 45 60 75 75 75
Lube oil (3,0-5,0 bar) m3/h 24 24 34 34 34
External pumps 6)
Diesel oil pump (4 bar at fuel oil inlet A1) m3/h 0.74 0.89 1.04 1.19 1.34
Fuel oil supply pump (4 bar discharge pressure) m3/h 0.36 0.43 0.50 0.57 0.64
Fuel oil circulating pump (8 bar at fuel oil inlet A1) m3/h 0.74 0.89 1.04 1.19 1.34
HT circuit cooling water (1,0-2,5 bar) m3/h 37 45 50 55 60
LT circuit cooling water (1,0-2,5 bar) * m3/h 45 54 65 77 89
LT circuit cooling water (1,0-2,5 bar) ** m3/h 65 73 95 105 115
Lube oil (3,0-5,0 bar) m3/h 22 23 25 27 28

2014.03.03. - Tier II
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
3700075-9.0
D 10 05 0 List of capacities Page 2 (2)

L28/32H
1) Tolerance: + 10 % for rating coolers, - 15 % for heat recovery
2) Basic values for layout of the coolers
3) Under above mentioned reference conditions
4) Tolerance: quantity +/- 5%, temperature +/- 20°C
5) Under below mentioned temperature at turbine outlet and pressure according above mentioned reference condi-
tions
6) Tolerance of the pumps delivery capacities must be considered by the manufactures
* Only valid for engines equipped with internal basic cooling water system no. 1 and 2.
** Only valid for engines equipped with combined coolers, internal basic cooling water system no. 3

2014.03.03. - Tier II
MAN Diesel & Turbo
3700076-0.0
Page 1 (2) List of capacities D 10 05 0

L28/32H
Capacities
5L-9L: 220 kW/Cyl. at 750 rpm
Reference condition : Tropic
Air temperature °C 45
LT water temperature inlet engine (from system) °C 38
Air pressure bar 1
Relative humidity % 50
Number of cylinders 5 6 7 8 9
Engine output kW 1100 1320 1540 1760 1980
Speed rpm 750 750 750 750 750
Heat to be dissipated 1)
Cooling water (C.W.) Cylinder kW 245 294 343 392 442
Charge air cooler; cooling water HT kW 0 0 0 0 0
(Single stage charge air cooler)
Charge air cooler; cooling water LT kW 387 435 545 587 648
Lube oil (L.O.) cooler kW 201 241 281 321 361
Heat radiation engine kW 27 33 38 44 49
Flow rates 2)
Internal (inside engine)
HT cooling water cylinder m3/h 37 45 50 55 60
LT cooling water lube oil cooler * m3/h 7.8 9.4 11 12.7 14.4
LT cooling water lube oil cooler ** m3/h 28 28 40 40 40
LT cooling water charge air cooler m3/h 37 45 55 65 75
Air data
Temperature of charge air at charge air cooler outlet °C 52 54 52 52 55
Air flow rate m3/h 3) 7826 9391 10956 12521 14087
kg/kWh 7.79 7.79 7.79 7.79 7.79
Charge air pressure bar 3.07 3.07 3.07 3.07 3.07
Air required to dissipate heat radiation (engine) (t2-t1= 10°C) m3/h 8749 10693 12313 14257 15878

Exhaust gas data 4)

Volume flow (temperature turbocharger outlet) m3/h 5) 15520 18624 21728 24832 27936
Mass flow t/h 8.8 10.5 12.3 14.1 15.8
Temperature at turbine outlet °C 342 342 342 342 342
Heat content (190°C) kW 401 481 561 641 721
Permissible exhaust back pressure mbar < 30 < 30 < 30 < 30 < 30
Starting air system
Air consumption per start Nm3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Pumps
Engine driven pumps
Fuel oil feed pump (5,5-7,5 bar) m3/h 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
HT circuit cooling water (1,0-2,5 bar) m3/h 45 45 60 60 60
LT circuit cooling water (1,0-2,5 bar) m3/h 45 60 75 75 75
Lube oil (3,0-5,0 bar) m3/h 24 24 34 34 34
External pumps 6)
Diesel oil pump (4 bar at fuel oil inlet A1) m3/h 0.78 0.93 1.09 1.24 1.40
Fuel oil supply pump (4 bar discharge pressure) m3/h 0.37 0.45 0.52 0.60 0.67
Fuel oil circulating pump (8 bar at fuel oil inlet A1) m3/h 0.78 0.93 1.09 1.24 1.40
HT circuit cooling water (1,0-2,5 bar) m3/h 37 45 50 55 60
LT circuit cooling water (1,0-2,5 bar) * m3/h 45 54 65 77 89
LT circuit cooling water (1,0-2,5 bar) ** m3/h 65 73 95 105 115
Lube oil (3,0-5,0 bar) m3/h 22 23 25 27 28

2014.03.03. - Tier II
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
3700076-0.0
D 10 05 0 List of capacities Page 2 (2)

L28/32H
1) Tolerance: + 10 % for rating coolers, - 15 % for heat recovery
2) Basic values for layout of the coolers
3) Under above mentioned reference conditions
4) Tolerance: quantity +/- 5%, temperature +/- 20°C
5) Under below mentioned temperature at turbine outlet and pressure according above mentioned reference condi-
tions
6) Tolerance of the pumps delivery capacities must be considered by the manufactures
* Only valid for engines equipped with internal basic cooling water system no. 1 and 2.
** Only valid for engines equipped with combined coolers, internal basic cooling water system no. 3

2014.03.03. - Tier II
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1609510-3.5
Page 1 (1) Description of sound measurements D 10 25 0

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF

General Sound measuring "on-site"

The Sound Power Level can be directly applied to
Purpose on-site conditions. It does not, however, necessarily
result in the same Sound Pressure Level as meas-
This should be seen as an easily comprehensible
ured on test bed.
sound analysis of MAN GenSets. These measure-
ments can be used in the project phase as a basis Normally the Sound Pressure Level on-site is 3-5
for decisions concerning damping and isolation in dB higher than the given surface Sound Pressure
buildings, engine rooms and around exhaust sys- Level (Lpf) measured at test bed. However, it
tems. depends strongly on the acoustical properties of the
actual engine room.
Measuring equipment
All measurements have been made with Precision
Standards
Sound Level Meters according to standard IEC Determination of Sound Power from Sound Pres-
Publication 651or 804, type 1 – with 1/1 or 1/3 sure measurements will normally be carried out
octave filters according to standard IEC Publication according to:
225. Used sound calibrators are according to ISO 3744 (Measuring method, instruments, back-
standard IEC Publication 942, class 1. ground noise, no of microphone positions etc) and
ISO 3746 (Accuracy due to criterion for suitability of
Definitions test environment, K2>2 dB).
Sound Pressure Level: LP = 20 x log P/P0 [dB ]
where P is the RMS value of sound pressure in pas-
cals, and P0 is 20 μPa for measurement in air.
Sound Power Level: LW = 10 x log P/P0 [dB]
where P is the RMS value of sound power in watts,
and P0 is 1 pW.

Measuring conditions
All measurements are carried out in one of MAN
Diesel & Turbo's test bed facilities.
During measurements, the exhaust gas is led out-
side the test bed through a silencer. The GenSet is
placed on a resilient bed with generator and engine
on a common base frame.
Sound Power is normally determined from Sound Figure 1: .
Pressure measurements.
New measurement of exhaust sound is carried out
at the test bed, unsilenced, directly after turbo-
charger, with a probe microphone inside the
exhaust pipe.
Previously used method for measuring exhaust
sound are DS/ISO 2923 and DIN 45635, here is
measured on unsilenced exhaust sound, one meter
from the opening of the exhaust pipe, see fig.1.

2013.04.18
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1671754-6.2
Page 1 (1) Description of structure-borne noise D 10 25 0

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF

Introduction
This paper describes typical structure-borne noise
levels from standard resiliently mounted MAN Gen-
Sets. The levels can be used in the project phase
as a reasonable basis for decisions concerning
damping and insulation in buildings, engine rooms
and surroundings in order to avoid noise and vibra-
tion problems.

References
References and guidelines according to ISO 9611
and ISO 11689.

Operating condition
Levels are valid for standard resilient mounted Gen-
Sets on flexible rubber support of 55° sh (A) on rela-
tively stiff and well-supported foundations.

Frequency range
The levels are valid in the frequency range 31.5 Hz
to 4 kHz.

Figure 1: Structure-borne noise on resiliently mounted GenSets

2013.06.04
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1607592-9.2
Page 1 (1) Moment of inertia D 10 30 0

L28/32H, L28/32DF

GenSet
Moment of inertia (J)
No. of Generator Max. cont. Speed
cyl. type* rating Engine Flywheel Generator Total
kW rpm **
kgm2 kgm2 kgm2 kgm2
DIDBN 1050 720 74.0 277 210 561.0
131i/10
5
DIDBN 1100 750 74.0 277 160 511.0
131h/8
DIDBN 1260 720 146.9 277 240 663.9
131k/10
6
DIDBN 1320 750 146.9 277 190 613.9
131i/8
DIDBN 1470 720 155.1 ***267 380 802.1
141k/10
7
DIDBN 1540 750 155.1 ***267 215 637.1
131k/8
DIDBN 1680 720 123.3 ***181 380 684.3
141k/10
8
DIDBN 1760 750 123.3 ***181 245 549.3
131i/8
DIDBN 1890 720 230.1 277 420 927.1
141i/10
9
DIDBN 1980 750 230.1 277 330 837.1
141k/8

* Standard generator, make A. van Kaick.

** If other generator is chosen the values will change.
*** Flywheel incl. flexible coupling.
Moment of intertia : GD2 = J x 4 (kgm2)

2013.04.18
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1699985-1.1
Page 1 (1) Green Passport D 10 33 0

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF

Green Passport
In 2009 IMO adopted the „Hong Kong International
Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound
Recycling of Ships, 2009“.
Until this convention enters into force the recom-
mendatory guidelines “Resolution A.962(23)” (adop-
ted 2003) apply. This resolution has been imple-
mented by some classification societies as “Green
Passport”.
MAN Diesel & Turbo is able to provide a list of haz-
ardous materials complying with the requirements
of the IMO Convention. This list is accepted by clas-
sification societies as a material declaration for
“Green Passport”.
This material declaration can be provided on
request.

2013.04.18
Basic Diesel Engine

B 10
MAN Diesel & Turbo
3700012-5.1
Page 1 (5) General description B 10 01 1

L28/32H

General frame. The liner can thus expand freely downwards

when heated during the running of the engine. Seal-
The engine is a turbocharged, single-acting, four- ing for the cooling water is obtained by means of
stroke diesel engine of the trunk piston type with a rubber rings which are fitted in grooves machined in
cylinder bore of 280 mm and a stroke of 320 mm, the liner.
the crankshaft speed is 720/750 rpm.
Cooling water is supplied at the bottom of the cool-
The engine can be delivered as an in-line engine ing water space between the liner and the engine
with 5 to 9 cylinders. frame and leaves through bores in the top of the
frame to the cooling water guide jacket.
Engine frame
The engine frame which is made of cast iron is a Top land ring
monobloc design incorporating the cylinder bloc, The top land ring is made of heat resistant steel,
the crankcase and the supporting flanges. and is used to protect the cylinder liner from the
The charge air receiver, the cooling water jackets heat generated by the combustion.
and the housing for the camshaft and drive are also This way the liner will have a smaller wear rate, and
integral parts of this one-piece casting. less deformation.
The main bearings for the underslung crankshaft
are carried in heavy supports in the frame plating Cylinder head
and are secured by bearing caps. To ensure strong
and sturdy bedding of the caps, these are provided The cylinder head is of cast iron, made in one piece.
with side guides and held in place by means of It has a central bore for the fuel injection valve and
studs with hydraulically tightened nuts. The main bores for two exhaust valves, two inlet valves,
bearings are equipped with replaceable shells which safety valve, indicator valve and cooling water.
are fitted without scraping. The cylinder head is tightened by means of 6 nuts
The crankshaft guide bearing is located at the fly- and 6 studs, which are screwed into the engine
wheel end of the engine. frame. The nuts are tightened by means of hydraulic
jacks.
On the sides of the frame there are covers for
access to the camshaft, the charge air receiver and The cylinder head has a screwed-on coaming
crankcase. Some of the covers are fitted with relief which encloses the valves. The coaming is closed
valves which will act, if oil vapours in the crankcase with a top cover and thus provides an oil tight
should be ignited, for instance in the event of a hot enclosure for the valve gear.
bearing. From the cooling water guide jacket, cooling water
is led through radial bores in the bottom of the
Base frame head. From the cooling water space and bores of
the cylinder head, the cooling water is led to a com-
The engine and alternator are mounted on a com- mon outlet.
mon base frame. The rigid base frame construction
can be embedded directly on the engine seating or
flexibly mounted. Air inlet and exhaust valves
The engine part of the base frame acts as lubricat- The inlet and exhaust valve spindles are identical.
ing oil reservoir. The valves are made of heat-resistant material.
Hard metal is welded on to the valve spindle seats.
Cylinder liner The valve spindles are fitted with valve rotators
The cylinder liner is made of fine-grained, pearlite which turn the spindles a little each time the valves
cast iron and fitted in a bore in the engine frame. open.
Between the liner and the cylinder head and The cylinder head is equipped with replaceable seat
between the liner and the frame there are fitted rings for inlet and exhaust valves.
replaceable cast iron sealing rings. The liner is clam-
The valve seat rings for inlet and exhaust valves are
ped by the cylinder head and is guided by a bore at
identical.
the bottom of the cooling water space of the engine

2010.11.29 - Tier II - Stationary

 MAN Diesel & Turbo
3700012-5.1
B 10 01 1 General description Page 2 (5)

L28/32H
The seat rings are made of heat-resistant steel, By the use of compression rings with different bar-
hardened on the seating surface and water cooled relshaped profiles and chrome-plated running surfa-
in order to assure low valve temperature and ces, the piston ring pack is optimized for maximum
increased overhaul intervals. sealing effect and minimum wear rate.
The piston has a cooling oil space close to the pis-
Valve actuating gear ton crown and the piston ring zone. The heat trans-
fer and thus the cooling effect is based on the
The rocker arms are actuated through rollers, roller
shaker effect arising during the piston movement.
guides and push rods. The roller guides for fuel
The cooling medium is oil from the engine's lubri-
pump and for inlet and exhaust valves are mounted
cating oil system.
in one common housing for each cylinder. This
housing is bolted to the engine frame. Oil is supplied to the cooling oil space through
channels from the oil grooves in the piston pin
Each rocker arm activates two spindles through a
bosses. Oil is drained from the cooling oil space
spring-loaded valve bridge with thrust screws and
through ducts situated diametrically to the inlet
adjusting screws for valve clearance.
channels.
The valve actuating gear is pressure-feed lubricated
The piston pin is fully floating and kept in position in
from the centralized lubricating system of the
axial direction by two circlips (seeger rings). The pis-
engine. A non-return valve blocks the oil inlet to the
ton pin is equipped with channels and holes for
rocker arms during prelubricating.
supply of oil to lubrication of the pin bosses and for
supply of cooling oil to the piston.
Fuel injection system
The engine is provided with one fuel injection pump, Connecting rod
an injection valve, and a high pressure pipe for each
The connecting rod is die-forged. The big-end has
cylinder.
an inclined joint in order to facilitate the piston and
The injection pump is mounted on the valve gear connecting rod assembly to be withdrawn up
housing by means of two screws. The pump con- through the cylinder liner. The joint faces on con-
sists of a pump housing, a centrally placed pump necting rod and bearing cap are serrated to ensure
barrel and a plunger. The pump is activated by the precise location and to prevent relative movement
fuel cam, and the volume injected is controlled by of the parts.
turning the plunger.
The connecting rod has bored channels for supply
The fuel injection valve is located in a valve sleeve in of oil from the big-end to the small-end.
the center of the cylinder head. The opening of the
The big-end bearing is of the trimetal type coated
valve is controlled by the fuel oil pressure, and the
with a running layer.
valve is closed by a spring.
The bearing shells are of the precision type and are
The high pressure pipe which is led through a bore
therefore to be fitted without scraping or any other
in the cylinder head is surrounded by a shielding
kind of adaption.
tube.
The small-end bearing is of trimetal type and is
The shielding tube has two holes in order to ensure
pressed into the connecting rod. The bush is equip-
that any leakage will be drained off to the cylinder
ped with an inner circumferential groove, and a
head bore. The bore is equipped with drain channel
pocket for distribution of oil in the bush itself and for
and pipe.
supply of oil to the pin bosses.
The complete injection equipment inclusive injection
pumps, high pressure and low pressure pipes is
well enclosed behind removable covers.
Crankshaft and main bearings
The crankshaft, which is a one-piece forging, is sus-
Piston pended in underslung bearings. The main bearings
are of the trimetal type, which are coated with a
The piston, which is oil-cooled and of the monobloc running layer. To attain a suitable bearing pressure
type made of nodular cast-iron, is equipped with 3 and vibration level the crankshaft is provided with
compression rings and 1 oil scraper ring.

2010.11.29 - Tier II - Stationary

MAN Diesel & Turbo
3700012-5.1
Page 3 (5) General description B 10 01 1

L28/32H
counterweights, which are attached to the crank- The camshaft is located in bearing bushes which
shaft by means of dovetail joints and secured with a are fitted in bores in the engine frame. Each bearing
centrally placed screw. is replaceable and locked in position in the engine
At the flywheel end the crankshaft is fitted with a frame by means of a locking screw.
gear wheel which through an intermediate wheel A guidering mounted at the flywheel end guides the
drives the camshaft. camshaft in the longitudinal direction.
Also fitted here is a coupling flange for connection Each section is equipped with fixed cams for opera-
of a generator. At the opposite end (front end) there tion of fuel pump, air inlet valve and exhaust valve.
is a claw-type coupling for the lub. oil pump or a The foremost section is equipped with a splined
flexible gear wheel connection for lub. oil and water shaft coupling for driving the fuel oil feed pump (if
pumps. mounted). The gear wheel for driving the camshaft
Lubricating oil for the main bearings is supplied as well as a gear wheel connection for the governor
through holes drilled in the engine frame. From the drive are screwed on to the aftmost section.
main bearings the oil passes through bores in the The lubricating oil pipes for the gear wheels are
crankshaft to the crankpin bearings and hence equipped with nozzles which are adjusted to apply
through channels in the connecting rods to lubricate the oil at the points where the gear wheels are in
the piston pins and cool the pistons. mesh.

Vibration damper Governor

In special cases a vibration damper is mounted on The engine speed is controlled by a hydraulic or
the crankshaft to limit torsional vibrations. The electric governor.
damper consists essentially of a heavy flywheel
totally enclosed in a light casing.
Monitoring and control system
A small clearance is allowed between the casing
and the flywheel, and this space is filled with a All media systems are equipped with thermometers
highly viscous fluid. The casing is rigidly connected and manometers for local reading and for the most
to the front end of the engine crankshaft and the essential pressures the manometers are together
only connection between the crankshaft and the with tachometers centralized in an engine-mounted
damper flywheel is through the fluid. Under condi- instruments panel.
tions of no vibration, the casing and damper fly- The number of and type of parameters to have
wheel tend to rotate as one unit, since the force alarm function are chosen in accordance with the
required to shear the viscous film is considerable. requirements from the classification societies.
As the torsional vibration amplitudes increase, the
The engine has as standard shutdown functions for
casing follows the movement of the crankshaft but
lubricating oil pressure low, cooling water tempera-
the flywheel tends to rotate uniformly by virtue of its
ture high and for overspeed.
inertia, and relative motion occurs between the fly-
wheel and the casing. The viscous fluid film there-
fore undergoes a shearing action, and vibration Turbocharger system
energy is absorbed and appears as heat. The turbocharger system of the engine, which is a
constant pressure system, consists of an exhaust
Camshaft and camshaft drive gas receiver, a turbocharger, a charging air cooler
and a charging air receiver, the latter being intergra-
The inlet and exhaust valves as well as the fuel
ted in the engine frame.
pumps of the engine are actuated by a camshaft.
The camshaft is placed in the engine frame at the The turbine wheel of the turbocharger is driven by
control side (left side, seen from the flywheel end). the engine exhaust gas, and the turbine wheel
drives the turbocharger compressor, which is
The camshaft is driven by a gear wheel on the
mounted on the common shaft. The compressor
crankshaft through an intermediate wheel, and
draws air from the engine room, through the air fil-
rotates at a speed which is half of that of the crank-
ters.
shaft.

2010.11.29 - Tier II - Stationary

 MAN Diesel & Turbo
3700012-5.1
B 10 01 1 General description Page 4 (5)

L28/32H
The turbocharger presses the air through the charg- The fuel oil filter is a duplex filter. The filter is equip-
ing air cooler to the charging air receiver. From the ped with a three-way cock for single or double
charging air receiver, the air flows to each cylinder, operation of the filters.
through the inlet valves. Waste oil and fuel oil leakage is led to a leakage
The charging air cooler is a compact tube-type alarm which is heated by means of fuel return oil.
cooler with a large cooling surface. The cooling
water is passed twice through the cooler, the end Internal nozzle cooling system
covers being designed with partitions which cause
the cooling water to turn. The nozzles of the injection valves on HFO-engines
are temperature controlled by means of a separate
The cooling water tubes are fixed to the tube plates
circuit containing diesel oil or thermal oil as media.
by expansion.
The system maintains a nozzle surface temperature
From the exhaust valves, the exhaust is led through
low enough to prevent formation of carbon trum-
a water cooled intermediate piece to the exhaust
pets on the nozzle tips during high load operation
gas receiver where the pulsatory pressure from the
and high enough to avoid cold corrosion during
individual exhaust valves is equalized and passed to
idling or low-load operation.
the turbocharger as a constant pressure, and fur-
ther to the exhaust outlet and silencer arrangement.
Lubricating oil system
The exhaust gas receiver is made of pipe sections,
one for each cylinder, connected to each other, by All moving parts of the engine are lubricated with oil
means of compensators, to prevent excessive circulating under pressure.
stress in the pipes due to heat expansion. The lubricating oil pump is of the gear wheel type
In the cooled intermediate piece a thermometer for with built-in pressure control valve. The pump
reading the exhaust gas temperature is fitted and draws the oil from the sump in the base frame, and
there is also possibility of fitting a sensor for remote on the pressure side the oil passes through the
reading. lubricating oil cooler and the filter which both are
mounted on the engine.
To avoid excessive thermal loss and to ensure a
reasonably low surface temperature the exhaust Cooling is carried out by the low temperature cool-
gas receiver is insulated. ing water system and the temperature regulating is
made by a thermostatic 3-way valve on the oil side.
Compressed air system The engine is as standard equipped with an electri-
cally driven prelubricating pump.
The engine is started by means of a built-on air
starter.
Cooling water system
The compressed air system comprises a main start-
ing valve, an air strainer, a remote controlled start- The cooling water system consists of a low temper-
ing valve and an emergency starting valve which will ature system and a high temperature system.
make it possible to start the engine in case of a The water in the low temperature system is passed
power failure. through the charge air cooler and the lubricating oil
cooler, and the alternator if the latter is water
Fuel oil system cooled.
The built-on fuel oil system consists of the fuel oil fil- The low temperature system is normally cooled by
ter and the fuel injection system. An engine-driven fresh water.
fuel oil feed pump can be mounted as optional. The high temperature cooling water system cools
The fuel oil feed pump, which is of the gear pump the engine cylinders and the cylinder head. The high
type, is mounted to the front end of the engine temperature system is always cooled by fresh
frame and driven by the camshaft through a splined water.
shaft coupling. The pump housing is equipped with
a spring-loaded adjustable by-pass valve.

2010.11.29 - Tier II - Stationary

MAN Diesel & Turbo
3700012-5.1
Page 5 (5) General description B 10 01 1

L28/32H

Tools
The engine can be delivered with all necessary tools
for the overhaul of each specific plant. Most of the
tools can be arranged on steel plate panels.

2010.11.29 - Tier II - Stationary

MAN Diesel & Turbo

1607528-5.3
Page 1 (1) Cross Section B 10 01 1

L28/32H

10.36
MAN Diesel & Turbo

1689495-7.1
Page 1 (1) Main Particulars B 10 01 1

L28/32H
Cycle : 4-stroke

Configuration : In-line

Cyl. Nos. available : 5-6-7-8-9

Power range : 1050-1980 kW

Speed : 720/750 rpm

Bore : 280 mm

Stroke : 320 mm

Stroke/bore ratio : 1.14:1

Piston area per cyl. : 616 cm2

Swept volume per cyl. : 19.7 ltr.

Compression ratio : 13.9:1

Max. combustion pressure : 130 bar

Turbocharging principle : Constant pressure system and inter­cool­ing

Fuel quality acceptance : HFO (up to 700 cSt/50° C, RMK700)

MDO (DMB) - MGO (DMA, DMZ)
according ISO8217-2010

Power lay-out MCR version

Speed rpm 720 750

Mean piston speed m/sec. 7.7 8.0

Mean effective pressure bar 17.8 17.9

Max. combustion pressure bar 130 130

Power per cylinder kW/cyl. 210 220

Overload rating (up to 10%) allowable in 1 hour for every 12 hours

Power per cylinder kW/cyl. 230 240

11.36 - Tier II - WB2 - GenSet

MAN Diesel & Turbo
1613426-1.6
Page 1 (1) Dimensions and weights B 10 01 1

L28/32H

General

Cyl. no A (mm) * B (mm) * C (mm) H (mm) ** Dry weight

GenSet (t)
5 (720 rpm) 4279 2400 6679 3184 32.6
5 (750 rpm) 4279 2400 6679 3184 32.3

6 (720 rpm) 4759 2510 7269 3184 36.3

6 (750 rpm) 4759 2510 7269 3184 36.3

7 (720 rpm) 5499 2680 8179 3374 39.4

7 (750 rpm) 5499 2680 8179 3374 39.4

8 (720 rpm) 5979 2770 8749 3374 40.7

8 (750 rpm) 5979 2770 8749 3374 40.6

9 (720 rpm) 6199 2690 8889 3534 47.1

9 (750 rpm) 6199 2690 8889 3534 47.1

P Free passage between the engines, width 600 mm and height 2000 mm.
Q Min. distance between engines: 2655 mm (without gallery) and 2850 mm (with gallery).

* Depending on alternator
** Weight included a standard alternator

All dimensions and masses are approximate, and subject to changes without prior notice.

2012.02.27
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1631459-4.1
Page 1 (1) Centre of gravity B 10 01 1

L28/32H, L28/32DF

Description

Cyl. no X - mm Y - mm Z - mm

5 (720/750 rpm) 2010 0 1060

6 (720/750 rpm) 2315 0 1060

7 (720/750 rpm) 2690 0 1060

8 (720/750 rpm) 3015 0 1060

9 (720/750 rpm) 3240 0 1060

The values are based on generator make A. van

Kaick.
If other generator is chosen the values will change.

2013.04.03
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1624446-2.6
Page 1 (2) Overhaul areas B 10 01 1

L28/32H, L28/32DF

Dismantling height for piston

Figure 1: Dismantling height for piston

Cyl. no Frame (H1) Cylinder head (H2) Turbocharger (H3)

5-6 (720/750 rpm) 2235 2710 2900

7-8 (720/750 rpm) 2235 2710 2990

9 (720/750 rpm) 2235 2710 3040

H1 : For dismantling of piston and connecting rod at H3 : For dismantling of piston and connecting rod
the camshaft side passing the turbocharger
H2 : For dismantling of piston and connecting rod If lower dismantling height is required, special tools can be
passing the alternator. (remaining cover not delivered
removed)

2013.04.03
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
1624446-2.6
B 10 01 1 Overhaul areas Page 2 (2)

L28/32H, L28/32DF

Dismantling space
It must be taken into consideration that there is suf-
ficient space for pulling the charge air cooler ele-
ment, air filter on the turbocharger, lubricating oil
cooler, lubricating oil filter cartridge and bracing
bolt.

Figure 2: Overhaul areas for charge air cooler element, turbocharger filter element, lub. oil cooler, lub. oil filter cartridge and bracing bolt.

Cylinders A B C D E
5 780 480 273 2757 2167

6 780 480 273 2757 2167

7 1130 830 345 2869 2154

8 1130 830 345 2869 2154

9 1130 830 445 2987 2157

Table 1: Definition of point of measurement in fig. 2.

2013.04.03
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1631464-1.0
Page 1 (1) Low dismantling height B 10 01 1

L28/32H, L28/32DF

Space requirements

Figure 1: Minimum dismantling height of pistons only with special tools.

Figure 2: Minimum lifting height of cylinder liner only with special tools.

1992.09.14
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1607566-7.2
Page 1 (1) Engine rotation clockwise B 10 11 1

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF,

V28/32DF, L23/30DF, L16/24S, L21/31S, L23/30S, L27/38S, L28/32S
Engine rotation clockwise

2014.05.19
Fuel Oil System

B 11
MAN Diesel & Turbo

3700150-2.0
Page 1 (3) Internal Fuel Oil System B 11 00 0

L28/32H

El. driven nozz. PAL PT

cool. oil pump 50 50

A7
Cyl. 1
Leak from
TI TE fuel valve
51 51

A8

PI
50

High Drain from

pressure cyl. head
PDT
43-40
PT PAL pipe
40
40
Fuel oil pump
PDAH
43-40
TE TI
Fuel oil return
40 40
Fuel oil inlet
PI
40

Leak from
fuel pump
LAH
42

Fuel leakage alarm

Fuel oil filter

Duplex 50 µ Standard
Optionals

A3 A2 A1

Fig 1 Diagram for fuel oil system

Pipe description General

A3 Waste oil outlet DN15
The internal built-on fuel oil system as shown in fig
A1 Fuel oil inlet DN25 1 consists of the following parts:
A2 Fuel oil outlet DN25
A7 Nozzle cooling oil inlet DN15 - the high-pressure injection equipment
- a nozzle cooling system
A8 Nozzle cooling oil outlet DN15
- a waste oil system
Flange connections are as standard according to DIN 2501.

Internal Fuel Oil System

The fuel oil is delivered to the injection pumps through

a safety filter.

The safety filter is a duplex filter of the split type with

a filter fineness of 50 my. The filter is equipped with a
common three-way cock for manual change of both
the inlet and outlet side.

11.33 - Tier II - Stationary

 MAN Diesel & Turbo

3700150-2.0
B 11 00 0 Internal Fuel Oil System Page 2 (3)

L28/32H

Fuel Injection Equipment Fuel Oil Injection Valve

Each cylinder unit has its own set of injection equip- The joint surface between the nozzle and holder is
ment, comprising injection pump, high-pressure pipe machine-lapped to make it oil-tight.
and injection valve.
The fuel injector is mounted in the cylinder head by
The injection equipment and the distribution supply means of the integral flange in the holder and two
pipes are housed in a fully enclosed compartment studs with distance pieces and nuts.
thus minimizing heat losses from the preheated fuel.
A bore in the cylinder head vents the space below
This arrangement reduces external surface tem­pe­ the bottom rubber sealing ring on the injection valve,
ra­tures and the risk of fire caused by fuel leakage. thus preventing any pressure build-up due to gas
leakage, but also unveiling any mal­func­tion of the
bottom rubber sealing ring for leak oil.
Fuel Oil Injection Pump

The fuel oil injection pump is installed on the roller Fuel Oil High Pressure Pipe
guide housing directly above the camshaft, and it is
activated by the cam on the camshaft through roller The high-pressure pipe between fuel injection pump
guides fitted in the roller guide housing. and fuel injector is a shielded pipe with coned pipe
ends for attachment by means of a union nut, and
The injection amount of the pump is regulated by a nipple nut, respectively.
transversal displacement of a toothed rack in the
side of the pump housing. The high-pressure pipe is led through a bore in the
cylinder head, in which it is surrounded by a shield-
By means of a gear ring, the pump plunger with the ing tube, also acting as union nut for attachment of
two helical millings, the cutting-off edges, is turned. the pipe end to the fuel injector.
Hereby the length of the pump stroke is specified
when the plunger closes the inlet holes until the The shielding tube has two holes in order to ensure
cutting-off edges again uncover the holes. that any leakage will be drained off to the cylinder
head bore. The bore is equipped with drain channel
The release of high pressure through the cutting-off and pipe.
edges presses the oil with great force against the wall
of the pump housing. At the spot, two exchangeable The shielding tube is supported by a sleeve, moun­
plug screws are moun­ted. ted in the bore with screws.

The amount of fuel injected into each cylinder unit The sleeve is equipped with O-rings in order to seal
is adjusted by means of the governor. the cylinder head bore.

It main­tains the engine speed at the preset value

by a con­tinuous positioning of the fuel pump racks,
via a common regulating shaft and spring-loaded
link­ages for each pump.

The injection valve is for "deep" building-in to the

centre of the cylinder head.

11.33 - Tier II - Stationary

MAN Diesel & Turbo

3700150-2.0
Page 3 (3) Internal Fuel Oil System B 11 00 0

L28/32H

Internal Nozzle Cooling System Optionals

The nozzles of the injection valves on HFO-engines Besides the standard components, the following
are temperature controlled by means of a separate standard optionals can be built-on:
circuit containing diesel oil or thermal oil as media.
Pressure differential alarm high
The system maintains a nozzle surface temperature – PDAH 43-40 Fuel oil, inlet and outlet filter
low enough to prevent formation of carbon trumpets
on the nozzle tips during high load operation and Pressure differential transmitting
high enough to avoid cold corrosion during idling or – PDT 43-40 Fuel oil, inlet and outlet filter
low-load operation.
Pressure alarm low
– PAL 40 Fuel oil, inlet fuel oil pump
Waste Oil System
Pressure transmitting
Waste and leak oil from the comparements, fuel – PT40 Fuel oil, inlet fuel oil pump
valves is led to a fuel leakage alarm unit.
Temperature element
The alarm unit consists of a box with a float switch – TE40 Fuel oil, inlet fuel oil pump
for level monitoring. In case of a larger than normal
leakage, the float switch will initiate alarm.The supply
fuel oil to the engine is lead through the unit in order Data
to keep this heated up, thereby ensuring free drain-
age passage even for high-viscous waste/leak oil. For pump capacities, see D 10 05 0 "List of Capa­
cities".

Specific fuel oil consumption is stated in B 11 01 0.

Set points and operating levels for temperature and

pressure are stated in B 19 00 0 "Operating Data
and Set Points".

11.33 - Tier II - Stationary

 MAN Diesel & Turbo 3.3.3

Specification for heavy fuel oil (HFO)

6680 3.3.3-01
Prerequisites
MAN four-stroke diesel engines can be operated with any heavy fuel oil
obtained from crude oil that also satisfies the requirements in Table "The fuel
specification and corresponding characteristics for heavy fuel oil", providing
the engine and fuel processing system have been designed accordingly. To
ensure that the relationship between the fuel, spare parts and repair / main-
tenance costs remains favorable at all times, the following points should be
observed.

Heavy fuel oil (HFO)

Origin/Refinery process The quality of the heavy fuel oil largely depends on the quality of crude oil
and on the refining process used. This is why the properties of heavy fuel oils
with the same viscosity may vary considerably depending on the bunker
positions. Heavy fuel oil is normally a mixture of residual oil and distillates.
The components of the mixture are normally obtained from modern refinery
processes, such as Catcracker or Visbreaker. These processes can
adversely affect the stability of the fuel as well as its ignition and combustion
properties. The processing of the heavy fuel oil and the operating result of
the engine also depend heavily on these factors.
Bunker positions with standardised heavy fuel oil qualities should preferably
be used. If oils need to be purchased from independent dealers, also ensure
that these also comply with the international specifications. The engine oper-
ator is responsible for ensuring that suitable heavy fuel oils are chosen.
Specifications Fuels intended for use in an engine must satisfy the specifications to ensure
sufficient quality. The limit values for heavy fuel oils are specified in Table
„The fuel specification and corresponding characteristics for heavy fuel oil“.
The entries in the last column of this table provide important background
information and must therefore be observed.
Different international specifications exist for heavy fuel oils. The most impor-
tant specifications are ISO 8217-2010 and CIMAC-2003, which are more or
less identical. The ISO 8217 specification is shown in Figure „ISO 8217-2010
specification for heavy fuel oil“. All qualities in these specifications up to K700 Specification for heavy fuel oil (HFO)
can be used, providing the fuel preparation system has been designed
accordingly. To use any fuels, which do not comply with these specifications
(e.g. crude oil), consultation with Technical Service of MAN Diesel & Turbo in
Augsburg is required. Heavy fuel oils with a maximum density of 1,010 kg/m3
may only be used if up-to-date separators are installed.
Important Even though the fuel properties specified in the table entitled "The fuel speci-
fication and corresponding properties for heavy fuel oil" satisfy the above
requirements, they probably do not adequately define the ignition and com-
bustion properties and the stability of the fuel. This means that the operating
behaviour of the engine can depend on properties that are not defined in the
2013-02-13 - de

specification. This particularly applies to the oil property that causes forma-
tion of deposits in the combustion chamber, injection system, gas ducts and
exhaust gas system. A number of fuels have a tendency towards incompati-
bility with lubricating oil which leads to deposits being formed in the fuel
General

delivery pump that can block the pumps. It may therefore be necessary to
exclude specific fuels that could cause problems.

6680 3.3.3-01 EN 1 (12)

 3.3.3 MAN Diesel & Turbo

Blends The addition of engine oils (old lubricating oil, ULO –used lubricating oil) and
additives that are not manufactured from mineral oils, (coal-tar oil, for exam-
6680 3.3.3-01

ple), and residual products of chemical or other processes such as solvents

(polymers or chemical waste) is not permitted. Some of the reasons for this
are as follows: abrasive and corrosive effects, unfavourable combustion
characteristics, poor compatibility with mineral oils and, last but not least,
adverse effects on the environment. The order for the fuel must expressly
state what is not permitted as the fuel specifications that generally apply do
not include this limitation.
If engine oils (old lubricating oil, ULO – used lubricating oil) are added to fuel,
this poses a particular danger as the additives in the lubricating oil act as
emulsifiers that cause dirt, water and catfines to be transported as fine sus-
pension. They therefore prevent the necessary cleaning of the fuel. In our
experience (and this has also been the experience of other manufacturers),
this can severely damage the engine and turbocharger components.
The addition of chemical waste products (solvents, for example) to the fuel is
prohibited for environmental protection reasons according to the resolution
of the IMO Marine Environment Protection Committee passed on 1st January
1992.
Leak oil collector Leak oil collectors that act as receptacles for leak oil, and also return and
overflow pipes in the lube oil system, must not be connected to the fuel tank.
Leak oil lines should be emptied into sludge tanks.
Viscosity (at 50 ℃) mm2/s (cSt) max. 700 Viscosity/injection viscosity
Viscosity (at 100 ℃) max. 55 Viscosity/injection viscosity
Density (at 15 °C) g/ml max. 1.010 Heavy fuel oil processing
Flash point °C min. 60 Flash point
(ASTM D 93)
Pour point (summer) max. 30 Low-temperature behaviour
(ASTM D 97)
Pour point (winter) max. 30 Low-temperature behaviour
(ASTM D 97)
Coke residue (Conrad- Weight % max. 20 Combustion properties
son)
Sulphur content 5 or Sulphuric acid corrosion
legal requirements
Specification for heavy fuel oil (HFO)

Ash content 0.15 Heavy fuel oil processing

Vanadium content mg/kg 450 Heavy fuel oil processing
Water content Vol. % 0.5 Heavy fuel oil processing
Sediment (potential) Weight % 0.1
Aluminium and silicium mg/kg max. 60 Heavy fuel oil processing
content (total)
Acid number mg KOH/g 2.5
2013-02-13 - de

Hydrogen sulphide mg/kg 2

General

2 (12) 6680 3.3.3-01 EN

 MAN Diesel & Turbo 3.3.3

Used lubricating oil mg/kg The fuel must be free of lubri-

6680 3.3.3-01
(ULO) cating oil (ULO = used lubricat-
ing oil, old oil). Fuel is consid-
ered as contaminated with
lubricating oil when the follow-
ing concentrations occur:
Ca > 30 ppm and Zn > 15
ppm or Ca > 30 ppm and P >
15 ppm.
Asphaltene content Weight % 2/3 of coke residue Combustion properties
(according to Conradson)
Sodium content mg/kg Sodium < 1/3 Vanadium, Heavy fuel oil processing
Sodium < 100
The fuel must be free of admixtures that cannot be obtained from mineral oils, such as vegetable or coal-tar oils. It
must also be
free of tar oil and lubricating oil (old oil), and also chemical waste products such as solvents or polymers.
Table 1: The fuel specification and corresponding characteristics for heavy fuel oil

Specification for heavy fuel oil (HFO)

2013-02-13 - de

General

6680 3.3.3-01 EN 3 (12)

 3.3.3 MAN Diesel & Turbo
6680 3.3.3-01
Specification for heavy fuel oil (HFO)

2013-02-13 - de
General

Figure 1: ISO 8217-2010 specification for heavy fuel oil

4 (12) 6680 3.3.3-01 EN

 MAN Diesel & Turbo 3.3.3

6680 3.3.3-01
Specification for heavy fuel oil (HFO)
2013-02-13 - de

General

Figure 2: ISO 8217-2010 specification for heavy fuel oil (continued)

6680 3.3.3-01 EN 5 (12)

 3.3.3 MAN Diesel & Turbo
6680 3.3.3-01

Additional information
The purpose of the following information is to show the relationship between
the quality of heavy fuel oil, heavy fuel oil processing, the engine operation
and operating results more clearly.
Selection of heavy fuel oil Economic operation with heavy fuel oil within the limit values specified in the
table entitled "The fuel specification and corresponding properties for heavy
fuel oil" is possible under normal operating conditions, provided the system is
working properly and regular maintenance is carried out. If these require-
ments are not satisfied, shorter maintenance intervals, higher wear and a
greater need for spare parts is to be expected. The required maintenance
intervals and operating results determine, which quality of heavy fuel oil
should be used.
It is an established fact that the price advantage decreases as viscosity
increases. It is therefore not always economical to use the fuel with the high-
est viscosity as in many cases the quality of this fuel will not be the best.
Viscosity/injection viscosity Heavy fuel oils with a high viscosity may be of an inferior quality. The maxi-
mum permissible viscosity depends on the preheating system installed and
the capacity (flow rate) of the separator.
The prescribed injection viscosity of 12 – 14 mm2/s (for GenSets, 23/30H
and 28/32H: 12 - 18 cSt) and corresponding fuel temperature upstream of
the engine must be observed. This is the only way to ensure efficient atomi-
sation and mixture formation and therefore low-residue combustion. This
also prevents mechanical overloading of the injection system. For the prescri-
bed injection viscosity and/or the required fuel oil temperature upstream of
the engine, refer to the viscosity temperature diagram.
Heavy fuel oil processing Whether or not problems occur with the engine in operation depends on how
carefully the heavy fuel oil has been processed. Particular care should be
taken to ensure that highly-abrasive inorganic foreign matter (catalyst parti-
cles, rust, sand) are effectively removed. It has been shown in practice that
wear as a result of abrasion in the engine increases considerably if the alumi-
num and silicium content is higher than 15 mg/kg.
Viscosity and density influence the cleaning effect. This must be taken into
account when designing and making adjustments to the cleaning system.
Settling tank Heavy fuel oil is precleaned in the settling tank. The longer the fuel remains in
the tank and the lower the viscosity of heavy fuel oil is, the more effective the
Specification for heavy fuel oil (HFO)

precleaning process will be (maximum preheating temperature of 75 °C to

prevent the formation of asphalt in heavy fuel oil). A settling tank is sufficient
for heavy fuel oils with a viscosity of less than 380 mm2/s at 50 °C. If the
heavy fuel oil has a high concentration of foreign matter, or if fuels in accord-
ance with ISO-F-RM, G/H/K380 or H/K700 are to be used, two settling tanks
will be required one of which must be sized for 24-hour operation. Before the
content is moved to the service tank, water and sludge must be drained from
the settling tank.
Separators A separator is particularly suitable for separating material with a higher spe-
cific density – water, foreign matter and sludge, for example. The separators
2013-02-13 - de

must be self-cleaning (i.e. the cleaning intervals must be triggered automati-

cally).
Only new generation separators should be used. They are extremely effective
General

throughout a wide density range with no changeover required, and can sep-
arate water from heavy fuel oils with a density of up to 1.01 g/ml at 15 °C.

6 (12) 6680 3.3.3-01 EN

 MAN Diesel & Turbo 3.3.3

Table "Achievable proportion of foreign matter and water (following separa-

tion)" shows the prerequisites that must be met by the separator. These limit

6680 3.3.3-01
values are used by manufacturers as the basis for dimensioning the separa-
tor and ensure compliance.
The manufacturer's specifications must be complied with to maximize the
cleaning effect.

Application in ships and stationary use: parallel installation

1 Separator for 100 % flow rate 1 Separator (reserve) for 100 % flow
rate

Figure 3: Location of heavy fuel oil cleaning equipment and/or separator

The separators must be arranged according to the manufacturers' current
recommendations (Alpha Laval and Westfalia). The density and viscosity of
the heavy fuel oil in particular must be taken into account. If separators by
other manufacturers are used, MAN Diesel & Turbo should be consulted.
If processing is carried out in accordance with the MAN Diesel & Turbo spec-
ifications and the correct separators are chosen, it may be assumed that the
results stated in the table entitled "Achievable proportion of foreign matter
and water" for inorganic foreign matter and water in the heavy fuel oil will be
achieved at the engine inlet.
Results obtained during operation in practiсe show that the wear occurs as a
result of abrasion in the injection system and the engine will remain within
acceptable limits if these values are complied with. In addition, an optimum Specification for heavy fuel oil (HFO)
lubricating oil treatment process must be ensured.
Definition Particle size Quantity
Inorganic foreign matter < 5 µm < 20 mg/kg
including catalyst particles
Al+Si content -- < 15 mg/kg
Water content -- < 0.2 % by vol. %
Table 2: Achievable proportion of foreign matter and water (after separation)
Water It is particularly important to ensure that the water separation process is as
2013-02-13 - de

thorough as possible as the water takes the form of large droplets, and not a
finely distributed emulsion. In this form, water also promotes corrosion and
sludge formation in the fuel system and therefore impairs the supply, atomi-
sation and combustion of the heavy fuel oil. If the water absorbed in the fuel
General

is seawater, harmful sodium chloride and other salts dissolved in this water
will enter the engine.

6680 3.3.3-01 EN 7 (12)

 3.3.3 MAN Diesel & Turbo

Water-containing sludge must be removed from the settling tank before the
separation process starts, and must also be removed from the service tank
6680 3.3.3-01

at regular intervals. The tank's ventilation system must be designed in such a

way that condensate cannot flow back into the tank.
Vanadium/Sodium If the vanadium/sodium ratio is unfavorable, the melting point of the heavy
fuel oil ash may fall in the operating area of the exhaust-gas valve which can
lead to high-temperature corrosion. Most of the water and water-soluble
sodium compounds it contains can be removed by pretreating the heavy fuel
oil in the settling tank and in the separators.
The risk of high-temperature corrosion is low if the sodium content is one
third of the vanadium content or less. It must also be ensured that sodium
does not enter the engine in the form of seawater in the intake air.
If the sodium content is higher than 100 mg/kg, this is likely to result in a
higher quantity of salt deposits in the combustion chamber and exhaust-gas
system. This will impair the function of the engine (including the suction func-
tion of the turbocharger).
Under certain conditions, high-temperature corrosion can be prevented by
using a fuel additive that increases the melting point of the heavy fuel oil ash
(also see "Additives for heavy fuel oils").
Ash Fuel ash consists for the greater part of vanadium oxide and nickel sulphate
(see above chapter for more information). Heavy fuel oils containing a high
proportion of ash in the form of foreign matter, e.g. sand, corrosion com-
pounds and catalyst particles, accelerate the mechanical wear in the engine.
Catalyst particles produced as a result of the catalytic cracking process may
be present in the heavy fuel oils. In most cases, these are aluminium silicate
particles that cause a high degree of wear in the injection system and the
engine. The aluminium content determined, multiplied by a factor of between
5 and 8 (depending on the catalytic bond), is roughly the same as the pro-
portion of catalyst remnants in the heavy fuel oil.
Homogeniser If a homogeniser is used, it must never be installed between the settling tank
and separator as otherwise it will not be possible to ensure satisfactory sepa-
ration of harmful contaminants, particularly seawater.
Flash point (ASTM D 93) National and international transportation and storage regulations governing
the use of fuels must be complied with in relation to the flash point. In gen-
eral, a flash point of above 60 °C is prescribed for diesel engine fuels.
Low-temperature behaviour The pour point is the temperature at which the fuel is no longer flowable
Specification for heavy fuel oil (HFO)

(ASTM D 97) (pumpable). As the pour point of many low-viscosity heavy fuel oils is higher
than 0 °C, the bunker facility must be preheated, unless fuel in accordance
with RMA or RMB is used. The entire bunker facility must be designed in
such a way that the heavy fuel oil can be preheated to around 10 °C above
the pour point.
Pump characteristics If the viscosity of the fuel is higher than 1,000 mm2/s (cST), or the tempera-
ture is not at least 10 °C above the pour point, pump problems will occur.
For more information, also refer to "Low-temperature behaviour (ASTM D
97)".
Combustion properties If the proportion of asphalt is more than two thirds of the coke residue (Con-
2013-02-13 - de

radson), combustion may be delayed which in turn may increase the forma-
tion of combustion residues, leading to such as deposits on and in the injec-
tion nozzles, large amounts of smoke, low output, increased fuel consump-
General

tion and a rapid rise in ignition pressure as well as combustion close to the
cylinder wall (thermal overloading of lubricating oil film). If the ratio of asphalt
to coke residues reaches the limit 0.66, and if the asphalt content exceeds
8%, the risk of deposits forming in the combustion chamber and injection

8 (12) 6680 3.3.3-01 EN

 MAN Diesel & Turbo 3.3.3

system is higher. These problems can also occur when using unstable heavy
fuel oils, or if incompatible heavy fuel oils are mixed. This would lead to an

6680 3.3.3-01
increased deposition of asphalt (see "Compatibility").
Ignition quality Nowadays, to achieve the prescribed reference viscosity, cracking-process
products are used as the low viscosity ingredients of heavy fuel oils although
the ignition characteristics of these oils may also be poor. The cetane num-
ber of these compounds should be > 35. If the proportion of aromatic hydro-
carbons is high (more than 35 %), this also adversely affects the ignition
quality.
The ignition delay in heavy fuel oils with poor ignition characteristics is longer;
the combustion is also delayed which can lead to thermal overloading of the
oil film at the cylinder liner and also high cylinder pressures. The ignition delay
and accompanying increase in pressure in the cylinder are also influenced by
the end temperature and compression pressure, i.e. by the compression
ratio, the charge-air pressure and charge-air temperature.
The disadvantages of using fuels with poor ignition characteristics can be
limited by preheating the charge air in partial load operation and reducing the
output for a limited period. However, a more effective solution is a high com-
pression ratio and operational adjustment of the injection system to the igni-
tion characteristics of the fuel used, as is the case with MAN Diesel & Turbo
piston engines.
The ignition quality is one of the most important properties of the fuel. This
value does not appear in the international specifications because a standar-
dised testing method has only recently become available and not enough
experience has been gathered at this point in order to determine limit values.
The parameters, such as the calculated carbon aromaticity index (CCAI), are
therefore aids that are derived from quantifiable fuel properties. We have
established that this method is suitable for determining the approximate igni-
tion quality of the heavy fuel oil used.
A testing instrument has been developed based on the constant volume
combustion method (fuel combustion analyser FCA) and is currently being
tested by a series of testing laboratories.
The instrument measures the ignition delay to determine the ignition quality
of a fuel and this measurement is converted into a an instrument-specific
cetane number (FIA-CN or EC). It has been established that in some cases,
heavy fuel oils with a low FIA cetane number or ECN number can cause
operating problems. Specification for heavy fuel oil (HFO)
As the liquid components of the heavy fuel oil decisively influence the ignition
quality, flow properties and combustion quality, the bunker operator is
responsible for ensuring that the quality of heavy fuel oil delivered is suitable
for the diesel engine. (Also see illustration entitled "Nomogram for determin-
ing the CCAI – assigning the CCAI ranges to engine types").
2013-02-13 - de

General

6680 3.3.3-01 EN 9 (12)

 3.3.3 MAN Diesel & Turbo
6680 3.3.3-01

V Viscosity in mm2/s (cSt) at 50° C A Normal operating conditions

D Density [in kg/m3] at 15° C B The ignition characteristics can
be poor and require adapting the
engine or the operating condi-
tions.
CCAI Calculated Carbon Aromaticity C Problems identified may lead to
Index engine damage, even after a
short period of operation.
1 Engine type 2 The CCAI is obtained from the
Specification for heavy fuel oil (HFO)

straight line through the density

and viscosity of the heavy fuel
oils.

Figure 4: Nomogram for determining the CCAI – assigning the CCAI ranges to engine
types
The CCAI can be calculated using the following formula:
CCAI = D - 141 log log (V+0.85) - 81
Sulphuric acid corrosion The engine should be operated at the cooling water temperatures prescribed
in the operating handbook for the relevant load. If the temperature of the
2013-02-13 - de

components that are exposed to acidic combustion products is below the

acid dew point, acid corrosion can no longer be effectively prevented, even if
alkaline lubricating oil is used.
The BN values specified in Section 3.3.6 are sufficient, providing the quality
General

of lubricating oil and the engine's cooling system satisfy the requirements.

10 (12) 6680 3.3.3-01 EN

 MAN Diesel & Turbo 3.3.3

Compatibility The supplier must guarantee that the heavy fuel oil is homogeneous and
remains stable, even after the standard storage period. If different bunker oils

6680 3.3.3-01
are mixed, this can lead to separation and the associated sludge formation in
the fuel system during which large quantities of sludge accumulate in the
separator that block filters, prevent atomisation and a large amount of resi-
due as a result of combustion.
This is due to incompatibility or instability of the oils. Therefore heavy fuel oil
as much as possible should be removed in the storage tank before bunker-
ing again to prevent incompatibility.
Blending the heavy fuel oil If heavy fuel oil for the main engine is blended with gas oil (MGO) to obtain
the required quality or viscosity of heavy fuel oil, it is extremely important that
the components are compatible (see "Compatibility").
Additives to heavy fuel oils MAN Diesel & Turbo engines can be operated economically without addi-
tives. It is up to the customer to decide whether or not the use of additives is
beneficial. The supplier of the additive must guarantee that the engine opera-
tion will not be impaired by using the product.
The use of heavy fuel oil additives during the warranty period must be avoi-
ded as a basic principle.
Additives that are currently used for diesel engines, as well as their probable
effects on the engine's operation, are summarised in the table below „Addi-
tives for heavy fuel oils – classification/effects“.
Precombustion additives ▪ Dispersing agents/stabil-
isers
▪ Emulsion breakers
▪ Biocides
Combustion additives ▪ Combustion catalysts
(fuel savings, emissions)
Post-combustion additives ▪ Ash modifiers (hot corro-
sion)
▪ Soot removers (exhaust-
gas system)
Table 3: Additives for heavy fuel oils – Classification/effects
Heavy fuel oils with low From the point of view of an engine manufacturer, a lower limit for the sul-
sulphur content phur content of heavy fuel oils does not exist. We have not identified any Specification for heavy fuel oil (HFO)
problems with the low-sulphur heavy fuel oils currently available on the mar-
ket that can be traced back to their sulphur content. This situation may
change in future if new methods are used for the production of low-sulphur
heavy fuel oil (desulphurisation, new blending components). MAN Diesel &
Turbo will monitor developments and inform its customers if required.
If the engine is not always operated with low-sulphur heavy fuel oil, corre-
sponding lubricating oil for the fuel with the highest sulphur content must be
selected.
2013-02-13 - de

Improper handling of operating fluids

If operating fluids are improperly handled, this can pose a danger to
health, safety and the environment. The relevant safety information by
the supplier of operating fluids must be observed.
General

6680 3.3.3-01 EN 11 (12)

 3.3.3 MAN Diesel & Turbo
6680 3.3.3-01

Tests
Sampling To check whether the specification provided and/or the necessary delivery
conditions are complied with, we recommend you retain at least one sample
of every bunker oil (at least for the duration of the engine's warranty period).
To ensure that the samples taken are representative of the bunker oil, a sam-
ple should be taken from the transfer line when starting up, halfway through
the operating period and at the end of the bunker period. "Sample Tec" by
Mar-Tec in Hamburg is a suitable testing instrument which can be used to
take samples on a regular basis during bunkering.
Analysis of samples To ensure sufficient cleaning of the fuel via the separator, perform regular
functional check by sampling up- and downstream of the separator.
Analysis of HFO samples is very important for safe engine operation. We can
analyse fuel for customers at our laboratory (PrimeServLab).
Specification for heavy fuel oil (HFO)

2013-02-13 - de
General

12 (12) 6680 3.3.3-01 EN

 MAN Diesel & Turbo 010.000.023-04

Marine diesel oil (MDO) specification

D010.000.023-04-0001
Marine diesel oil
Other designations Marine diesel oil, marine diesel fuel.
Origin Marine diesel oil (MDO) is supplied as heavy distillate (designation ISO-F-
DMB) exclusively for marine applications. MDO is manufactured from crude
oil and must be free of organic acids and non-mineral oil products.

Specification
The suitability of fuel depends on the design of the engine and the available
cleaning options, as well as compliance with the properties in the following
table that refer to the as-delivered condition of the fuel.
The properties are essentially defined using the ISO 8217-2010 standard as
the basis. The properties have been specified using the stated test proce-
dures.
Properties Unit Testing method Designation
ISO-F specification DMB
Density at 15 °C kg/m 3
ISO 3675 < 900
Kinematic viscosity at 40 °C mm2/s ≙ cSt ISO 3104 > 2.0
< 11 *
Pour point (winter quality) °C ISO 3016 <0
Pour point (summer quality) °C <6
Flash point (Pensky Martens) °C ISO 2719 > 60
Total sediment content weight % ISO CD 10307 0.10
Water content vol. % ISO 3733 < 0.3
Sulphur content weight % ISO 8754 < 2.0
Ash content weight % ISO 6245 < 0.01
Coke residue (MCR) weight % ISO CD 10370 < 0.30
Cetane index - ISO 4264 > 35
Hydrogen sulphide mg/kg IP 570 <2
Marine diesel oil (MDO) specification
Acid number mg KOH/g ASTM D664 < 0.5
Oxidation resistance g/m3 ISO 12205 < 25
Lubricity μm ISO 12156-1 < 520
(wear scar diameter)
Other specifications:
British Standard BS MA 100-1987 Class M2
ASTM D 975 2D
2013-07-03 - de

ASTM D 396 No. 2

Table 1: Marine diesel oil (MDO) – characteristic values to be adhered to
* For engines 27/38 with 350 resp. 365 kW/cyl the viscosity must not exceed
6 mm2/s @ 40 °C, as this would reduce the lifetime of the injection system.
General

D010.000.023-04-0001 EN 1 (2)
 010.000.023-04 MAN Diesel & Turbo
D010.000.023-04-0001

Additional information
During transshipment and transfer, MDO is handled in the same manner as
residual oil. This means that it is possible for the oil to be mixed with high-
viscosity fuel or heavy fuel oil – with the remnants of these types of fuels in
the bunker ship, for example – that could significantly impair the properties of
the oil.
Lubricity Normally, the lubricating ability of diesel oil is sufficient to operate the fuel
injection pump. Desulphurisation of diesel fuels can reduce their lubricity. If
the sulphur content is extremely low (< 500 ppm or 0.05%), the lubricity may
no longer be sufficient. Before using diesel fuels with low sulphur content,
you should therefore ensure that their lubricity is sufficient. This is the case if
the lubricity as specified in ISO 12156-1 does not exceed 520 μm.
You can ensure that these conditions will be met by using motor vehicle die-
sel fuel in accordance with EN 590 as this characteristic value is an integral
part of the specification.
The fuel must be free of lubricating oil (ULO – used lubricating oil, old oil).
Fuel is considered as contaminated with lubricating oil when the following
concentrations occur:
Ca > 30 ppm and Zn > 15 ppm or Ca > 30 ppm and P > 15 ppm.
The pour point specifies the temperature at which the oil no longer flows. The
lowest temperature of the fuel in the system should be roughly 10 °C above
the pour point to ensure that the required pumping characteristics are main-
tained.
A minimum viscosity must be observed to ensure sufficient lubrication in the
fuel injection pumps. The temperature of the fuel must therefore not exceed
45 °C.
Seawater causes the fuel system to corrode and also leads to hot corrosion
of the exhaust valves and turbocharger. Seawater also causes insufficient
atomisation and therefore poor mixture formation accompanied by a high
proportion of combustion residues.
Solid foreign matter increase mechanical wear and formation of ash in the
cylinder space.
We recommend the installation of a separator upstream of the fuel filter. Sep-
aration temperature: 40 – 50°C. Most solid particles (sand, rust and catalyst
Marine diesel oil (MDO) specification

particles) and water can be removed, and the cleaning intervals of the filter
elements can be extended considerably.

Improper handling of operating fluids

If operating fluids are improperly handled, this can pose a danger to
health, safety and the environment. The relevant safety information by
the supplier of operating fluids must be observed.
2013-07-03 - de

Analyses
Analysis of fuel samples is very important for safe engine operation. We can
General

analyse fuel for customers at our laboratory (PrimeServLab).

2 (2) D010.000.023-04-0001 EN
 MAN Diesel & Turbo 010.000.023-01

Gas oil / diesel oil (MGO) specification

D010.000.023-01-0001
Diesel oil
Other designations Gas oil, marine gas oil (MGO), diesel oil
Gas oil is a crude oil medium distillate and therefore must not contain any
residual materials.

Specification
The suitability of fuel depends on whether it has the properties defined in this
specification (based on its composition in the as-delivered state).
The DIN EN 590 and ISO 8217-2010 (Class DMA or Class DMZ) standards
have been extensively used as the basis when defining these properties. The
properties correspond to the test procedures stated.
Properties Unit Test procedure Typical value
Density at 15 °C ≥ 820.0
kg/m3 ISO 3675 ≤ 890.0
Kinematic viscosity 40 °C ≥2
mm2/s (cSt) ISO 3104 ≤ 6.0
Filterability*
in summer and °C DIN EN 116 ≤0
in winter °C DIN EN 116 ≤ -12
Flash point in closed cup °C ISO 2719 ≥ 60
Sediment content (extraction method) weight % ISO 3735 ≤ 0.01
Water content Vol. % ISO 3733 ≤ 0.05
Sulphur content ISO 8754 ≤ 1.5
Ash weight % ISO 6245 ≤ 0.01
Coke residue (MCR) ISO CD 10370 ≤ 0.10
Hydrogen sulphide mg/kg IP 570 <2
Acid number mg KOH/g ASTM D664 < 0.5
Oxidation stability g/m 3
ISO 12205 < 25 Gas oil / diesel oil (MGO) specification
Lubricity μm ISO 12156-1 < 520
(wear scar diameter)
Cetane index - ISO 4264 ≥ 40
Other specifications:
British Standard BS MA 100-1987 M1
ASTM D 975 1D/2D
Table 1: Diesel fuel (MGO) – properties that must be complied with.

* The process for determining the filterability in accordance with DIN EN 116 is similar to the process for determining
2013-07-03 - de

the cloud point in accordance with ISO 3015

General

D010.000.023-01-0001 EN 1 (2)
 010.000.023-01 MAN Diesel & Turbo
D010.000.023-01-0001

Additional information
Use of diesel oil If distillate intended for use as heating oil is used with stationary engines
instead of diesel oil (EL heating oil according to DIN 51603 or Fuel No. 1 or
no. 2 according to ASTM D 396), the ignition behaviour, stability and behav-
iour at low temperatures must be ensured; in other words the requirements
for the filterability and cetane number must be satisfied.
Viscosity To ensure sufficient lubrication, a minimum viscosity must be ensured at the
fuel pump. The maximum temperature required to ensure that a viscosity of
more than 1.9 mm2/s is maintained upstream of the fuel pump, depends on
the fuel viscosity. In any case, the fuel temperature upstream of the injection
pump must not exceed 45 °C.
Lubricity Normally, the lubricating ability of diesel oil is sufficient to operate the fuel
injection pump. Desulphurisation of diesel fuels can reduce their lubricity. If
the sulphur content is extremely low (< 500 ppm or 0.05%), the lubricity may
no longer be sufficient. Before using diesel fuels with low sulphur content,
you should therefore ensure that their lubricity is sufficient. This is the case if
the lubricity as specified in ISO 12156-1 does not exceed 520 μm.
You can ensure that these conditions will be met by using motor vehicle die-
sel fuel in accordance with EN 590 as this characteristic value is an integral
part of the specification.

Improper handling of operating fluids

If operating fluids are improperly handled, this can pose a danger to
health, safety and the environment. The relevant safety information by
the supplier of operating fluids must be observed.

Analyses
Analysis of fuel samples is very important for safe engine operation. We can
analyse fuel for customers at our laboratory (PrimeServLab).
Gas oil / diesel oil (MGO) specification

2013-07-03 - de
General

2 (2) D010.000.023-01-0001 EN
 MAN Diesel & Turbo 3.3.1

Bio fuel specification

6680 3.3.1-02
Biofuel
Other designations Biodiesel, FAME, vegetable oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil, frying fat
Origin Biofuel is derived from oil plants or old cooking oil.

Provision
Transesterified and non-transesterified vegetable oils can be used.
Transesterified biofuels (biodiesel, FAME) must comply with the standard EN
14214.
Non-transesterified biofuels must comply with the specifications listed in
Table "Non-transesterified bio-fuel - Specifications".
These specifications are based on experience to date. As this experience is
limited, these must be regarded as recommended specifications that can be
adapted if necessary. If future experience shows that these specifications are
too strict, or not strict enough, they can be modified accordingly to ensure
safe and reliable operation.
When operating with bio-fuels, lubricating oil that would also be suitable for
operation with diesel oil (see "Specification of lubricating oil (SAE 40) for
operation with gas oil, diesel oil (MGO/MDO) and biofuels") must be used.
Properties/Characteristics Unit Test method
Density at 15 °C 900 - 930 kg/m 3
DIN EN ISO 3675,
EN ISO 12185
Flash point > 60 °C DIN EN 22719
lower calorific value > 35 MJ/kg DIN 51900-3
(typical: 37 MJ/kg)
Viscosity/50 °C < 40 cSt (corresponds to a viscos- DIN EN ISO 3104
ity/40 °C of < 60 cSt)
Cetane number > 40 FIA
Coke residue < 0.4% DIN EN ISO 10370
Sediment content < 200 ppm DIN EN 12662
Oxidation stability (110 °C) >5h ISO 6886
Phosphorous content < 15 ppm ASTM D3231
Na and K content < 15 ppm DIN 51797-3
Ash content < 0.01% DIN EN ISO 6245
Water content < 0.5% EN ISO 12537
Bio fuel specification

Iodine number < 125g/100g DIN EN 14111

TAN (total acid number) < 5 mg KOH/g DIN EN ISO 660
Filterability < 10 °C below the lowest temper- EN 116
2013-02-07 - de

ature in the fuel system

Table 1: Non-transesterified bio-fuel - Specifications
General

6680 3.3.1-02 EN 1 (2)

 3.3.1 MAN Diesel & Turbo

Improper handling of operating fluids

6680 3.3.1-02

If operating fluids are improperly handled, this can pose a danger to

health, safety and the environment. The relevant safety information by
the supplier of operating fluids must be observed.

Analyses
Analysis of fuel samples is very important for safe engine operation. We can
analyse fuel for customers at our laboratory (PrimeServLab).
Bio fuel specification

2013-02-07 - de
General

2 (2) 6680 3.3.1-02 EN

MAN Diesel & Turbo
3700063-9.0
Page 1 (2) Explanatory notes for biofuel B 11 00 0

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38

Operation with biofuel ▪ Fuel cooler for circulation fuel oil feeding part =>
to be modified.
Please contact MAN Diesel & Turbo at an early In this circuit a temperature above pour point of
stage of project. the biofuel is needed without overheating of the
supply pumps.
Requirements on plant side ▪ Sensor pipes to be isolated or heated and loca-
Biofuel has to be divided into 3 categories. ted near to main pipes.
▪ To prevent injection nozzles from clogging indi-
Category 1 – transesterified biofuel cator filter size 0.010 mm has to be used
instead of 0.034 mm.
For example:
▪ Biodiesel (FAME)
Additionally:
Esterified biofuel is comparable to MDO (ISO-F-
DMB/ ISO-F-DMC), therefore standard layout of fuel ▪ Fuel oil module to be located inside plant (to be
oil system for MDO-operation to be used. protected against rain and cold wind).
▪ A second fuel type has to be provided of cate-
gory 1 or 2.
Category 2 – not transesterified biofuel and pour Due to the risk of clogging it is needed before
point below 20°C each stop of the engine, to change over to a
For example: second fuel type of category 1 or 2 and to oper-
ate the engine until the danger of clogging of
▪ Vegetable oil
the fuel oil system no longer exists.
▪ Rape-seed oil
Not transesterified biofuel with pour point below
20°C is comparable to HFO (ISO-F-RM), therefore
standard layout of fuel oil system for HFO-operation
to be used.

Category 3 – not transesterified biofuel and pour

point above 20° C
For example:
▪ Palm oil
▪ Stearin
▪ Animal fat
▪ Frying fat

Caution:
Not transesterified biofuel with a pour point above
20° C carries a risk of flocculation and may clog up
pipes and filters unless special precautions are
taken.
Therefore the standard layout of fuel oil system for
HFO-operation has to be modified concerning fol-
lowing aspects:
▪ In general no part of the fuel oil system must be
cooled down below pour point of the used bio-
fuel.

2011.01.03
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
3700063-9.0
B 11 00 0 Explanatory notes for biofuel Page 2 (2)

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38

Requirements on engine
▪ Injection pumps with special coating and with
sealing oil system.
▪ Fuel pipes and leak fuel pipes must be equip-
ped with heattracing (not to be applied for bio-
fuel category 1). Heattracing to be applied for
biofuel category 2 outside covers of injection
pump area and for biofuel category 3 also
inside injection pump area.
▪ Inlet valve lubrication (L32/40)
▪ Nozzle cooling to be applied for biofuel category
2 and 3. (L32/40)
▪ Charge air temperature before cylinder 55° C to
minimize ignition delay.

Please be aware
▪ Depending on the quality of the biofuel, it may
be necessary to carry out one oil change per
year (this is not taken into account in the details
concerning lubricating oil consumption).
▪ An addition to the fuel oil consumption is neces-
sary:
2 g/kWh addition to fuel oil consumption (see
chapter fuel oil consumption)
▪ Engine operation with fuels of low calorific value
like biofuel, requires an output reduction:
– LCV ≥ 38 MJ/kg Power reduction 0%
– LCV ≥ 36 MJ/kg Power reduction 5%
– LCV ≥ 35 MJ/kg Power reduction 10%

2011.01.03
MAN Diesel & Turbo
3700246-2.0
Page 1 (1) Crude oil specification B 11 00 0

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38

Crude oil
Crude oil is a naturally occurring flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various
molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the
Earth's surface.
The flash point of crude oil is low, typically below ambient temperature.
Our four-stroke medium-speed engines are well proven in operation on crude oil taken directly from oil wells
and conditioned on site.
Exploiting crude oil to feed the large consumers involved in oil and gas exploration and production is both an
economical solution and saves the considerable CO2 emissions involved in the refining of distillate fuels and
their transport via pumping stations from and to the oil field.
Properties/Characteristics Unit Limit Test method
Viscosity, before injection pumps, min. cSt 3
Viscosity, before injection pumps, max. cSt 14 1)
Viscosity @ 50°C, max. cSt 700 ISO 3104
Density @ 15°C, max. kg/m 3
1010.0 ISO 3675 or ISO 12185
CCAI, max. – 870 ISO 8217
Water before engine, max. % volume 0.2 ISO 3733
Sulphur, max. % mass 4.5 ISO 8754 or ISO 14596
Ash, max. % mass 0.15 ISO 6245
Vanadium, max. mg/kg 600 ISO 14597 or IP 501
or IP 470
Sodium + Potassium before engine, mg/kg 1/3 Vanadium content ISO 10478
max.
Aluminium + Silicon before engine, max. mg/kg 15 ISO 10478 or IP 501
or IP 470
Carbon residue, max. % mass 20 ISO 10370
Asphaltenes, max. % mass 2/3 of carbon residue ASTM D3279
(according to Conradson)
Reid vapour pressure (RVP), max. kPa @ 37.8°C 65 ASTM D323
Lubricity (wear scar diameter) μm < 520 ISO 12156-1
Pour point, max. °C 30 ISO 3016
Cold filter plugging point °C 2)
IP 309
Total sediment potential, max. % mass 0.10 ISO 10307-2
Hydrogen sulphide, max. mg/kg 2 IP 570
AN (acid number), max. mg KOH/g 2.5 ASTM D664

Table 1: Crude oil - specifications.

1)
Viscosity, before injection pumps, max. 18 cSt for GenSets L23/30H, L28/32H and V28/32S
2)
Minimum 10°C below the lowest temperature in the entire fuel system

2012.09.03
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1699177-5.1 Guidelines regarding MAN Diesel & Turbo GenSets
Page 1 (1) B 11 00 0
operating on low sulphur fuel oil

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF,

V28/32DF
General When operating on MDO/MGO a larger leak oil
amount from fuel oil injection pumps and fuel oil
Exhaust emissions from marine diesel engines have injection valves can be expected compared to oper-
been the focus of recent legislation. Apart from ation on HFO.
nitrous oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx) are con-
sidered to be the most important pollution factor. A In order to carry out a quick change between HFO
range of new regulations have been implemented and MDO/MGO the change over should be carried
and others will follow (IMO, EU Directive, and out by means of the valve V1-V2 installed in front of
CARB). These regulations demand reduction of the engine.
SOx emissions by restricting the sulphur content of For the selection of the lubricating oil the same
the fuel. That is to say sulphur limits for HFO as well applies as for HFO. For temporary operation on dis-
as mandatory use of low sulphur distillate fuels for tillate fuels including low sulphur distillates nothing
particular applications. This guideline covers the has to be considered. A lubricating oil suitable for
engine related aspects of the use of such fuels. operation on diesel fuel should only be selected if a
distillate fuel is used continuously.
Low sulphur HFO
From an engine manufacturer’s point of view there
is no lower limit for the sulphur content of HFO. We
have not experienced any trouble with the currently
available low sulphur HFO, that are related to the
sulphur content or specific to low sulphur HFO. This
may change in the future if new methods are
applied for the production of low sulphur HFO
(desulphurization, uncommon blending compo-
nents). MAN Diesel & Turbo will monitor develop-
ments and inform our customers if necessary.
If the engine is not operated permanently on low
sulphur HFO, then the lubricating oil should be
selected according to the highest sulphur content
of the fuels in operation.

Low sulphur distillates

In general our GenSet is developed for continuous
operation on HFO as well as on MDO/MGO. Occa-
sionally changes in operation mode between HFO
and MDO/MGO are considered to be within normal
operation procedures for our engine types and do
thus not require special precautions.
Running on low sulphur fuel (< 0.1% S) will not
cause problems, but please notice the following
restrictions:
In order to avoid seizure of the fuel oil injection
pump components the viscosity at engine fuel oil
inlet must be > 2 cSt. In order achieve this it may be
necessary to install a fuel oil cooler, when the
engine is running on MGO. This is both to ensure
correct viscosity and avoid heating up the service
tank, which is important as the fuel oil injection
pumps are cooled by the fuel.

2010.04.19
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1624473-6.2 Recalculation of fuel consumption dependent on
Page 1 (1) B 11 01 0
ambient conditions

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF,

V28/32DF
General
In accordance to ISO-Standard ISO 3046-1:2002 “Reciprocating internal combustion engines – Performance,
Part 1: Declarations of power, fuel and lubricating oil consumptions, and test methods – Additional require-
ments for engines for general use” MAN Diesel & Turbo specifies the method for recalculation of fuel consump-
tion dependent on ambient conditions for 1-stage turbocharged engines as follows:

The formula is valid within the following limits:

+ Ambient air temperature 5°C – 55°C
+ Charge air temperature before cylinder 25°C – 75°C
+ Ambient air pressure 0.885 bar – 1.030 bar

β Fuel consumption factor

tbar Engine type specific reference charge air temperature before cylinder,
see »Reference conditions« in »Fuel oil consumption for emissions standard«.

Legend Reference At test run or at site

Specific fuel consumption [g/kWh] br bx
Ambient air temperature [°C] tr tx
Charge air temperature before cylinder [°C] tbar tbax
Ambient air pressure [bar] pr px

Example
Reference values:
br = 200 g/kWh, tr = 25°C, tbar = 40°C, pr = 1.0 bar
At site:
tx = 45°C, tbax = 50°C, px = 0.9 bar
ß = 1+ 0.0006 (45 – 25) + 0.0004 (50 – 40) + 0.07 (1.0 – 0.9) = 1.023
bx = ß x br = 1.023 x 200 = 204.6 g/kWh

1012.03.19
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1607587-1.12
Page 1 (2) Fuel oil consumption for emissions standard B 11 01 0

L28/32H, L28/32S
L28/32H: 210 kW/cyl. at 720 rpm
Fuel consumption (g/kWh) with HFO/MDO and without attached pumps 1)
% Load
100 852) 75 50 25
ISO reference conditions (see below) 189.5 189.6 2)
190.3 198.2 230.4
1)
Tolerance +5%
2)
Fuel consumption at 85% MCR

Table 1: Fuel consumption.

L28/32H: 220 kW/cyl. at 750 rpm

Fuel consumption (g/kWh) with HFO/MDO and without attached pumps 1)
% Load
100 852) 75 50 25
ISO reference conditions (see below) 190.2 190.2 2)
190.8 197.9 229.8
1)
Tolerance +5%
2)
Fuel consumption at 85% MCR

Table 2: Fuel consumption.

All data provided in this document is non-binding and serves informational purposes only. Depending on the
subsequent specific individual projects, the relevant data may be subject to changes and will be assessed and
determined individually for each project. This will depend on the particular characteristics of each individual
project, especially specific site and operational conditions.

2014.06.06 - Tier I + Stationary

 MAN Diesel & Turbo
1607587-1.12
B 11 01 0 Fuel oil consumption for emissions standard Page 2 (2)

L28/32H, L28/32S

Reference conditions
ISO reference conditions (according to ISO 3046-1: 2002; ISO 15550: 2002)
Intake air temperature Tr °C 25

Barometric pressure pr kPa 100

Relative humidity Φr % 30
Cooling water temp. bef. charge air cooler Tcr °C 25

Net calorific value LCV kJ/kg 42,700

Table 3: ISO reference conditions

All data provided in this document is non-binding and serves informational purposes only. Depending on the
subsequent specific individual projects, the relevant data may be subject to changes and will be assessed and
determined individually for each project. This will depend on the particular characteristics of each individual
project, especially specific site and operational conditions.

2014.06.06 - Tier I + Stationary

MAN Diesel & Turbo
1624467-7.3
Page 1 (2) HFO/MDO changing valves (V1 and V2) E 11 10 1

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38

Description

Figure 1: Pneumatic diagram for 3-way changing valves V1 & V2.

The fuel change-over system consists of two Valve control box
remote controlled and interconnected 3-way valves,
which are installed immediately before each Gen- The electrical power supply to the valve control box
Set. The 3-way valves “V1-V2” are operated by an is 3 x 400 Volt - 50 Hz, or 3 x 440 Volt - 60 Hz,
electrica/pneumatic actuator of the simplex type, depending on the plant specification, and is estab-
with spring return and a common valve control box lished in form of a single cable connection from the
for all GenSets. switchboard.

The flexibility of the system makes it possible, if Due to a built-in transformer, the power supply volt-
necessary, to operate the GenSets on either diesel age will be converted to a 24 V DC pilot voltage for
oil or heavy fuel oil, individually by means of the L- serving the relays, contactors, and indication lamps.
bored 3-way valves “V1-V2”. Furthermore the 24 V DC pilot voltage is used for
The control box can be placed in the engine room operating the fuel changing valves with an electri-
or in the engine control room. cally/pneumatically operated actuator of the simplex
type with spring return.
To maintain re-circulation in the HFO flow line, when
the GenSet is operated on MDO, is a by-pass valve The mode of valve operation is:
installed between the fuel inlet valve “V1” and the HFO-position: Energized
fuel outlet valve “V2” at each GenSet as shown in MDO-position: De-energized
fig 1.

2010.01.25
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
1624467-7.3
E 11 10 1 HFO/MDO changing valves (V1 and V2) Page 2 (2)

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38

In the event of a black-out, or other situations
resulting in dead voltage potential, will the remote
controlled and interconnected 3-way valves at each
GenSet be de-energized and automatically change
over to the MDO/MGO-position, due to the built-in
return spring. The internal piping on the GenSets
will then, within a few seconds, be flushed with
MDO/MGO and be ready for start up.

2010.01.25
Lubrication Oil System

B 12
 MAN Diesel

1613544-6.8
Page 1 (4) Internal Lubricating Oil System B 12 00 0

L28/32H

C3
C16 C15
PDT PT TE
21-22 22 22
PDAH PAL TAH PSL TI LAL
Hand wing pump 21-22 22 22 22 22 25

Filter
El. Driven pre- Centri-
Prelub. fugal
oil inlet lub. oil pump filter
TC Drain from
LAH LAL oil vapour
28 28 discharge
Filling plug
PI
23
To main bearing
TE TE TE TE TE C13
Lub. oil cooler 29 29 29 29 29

To rocker arms
To Cyl. 1
TI
To pump
20 drive piston To
A camshaft
drive Governor
drive
TE
20
TAH
20 Forced oil
Engine driven Boring in
lub. oil pump B camshaft
PI
21-22

C4 C9

Separate full flow filter

A: When full flow filter Standard

B: Non-return valve to be mounted on
Optionals
5-6L28/32H engines with lub. oil SAE40.
C7 C8

Fig 1 Diagram for internal lubricating oil system.

General
Pipe description for connection at the engine

C3 Lubricating oil from separator DN 25 As standard the lubricating oil system is based on
C4 Lubricating oil to separator DN 25 wet sump lubrication. All moving parts of the engine
C7 Lubricating oil from separate filter DN 80 are lubricated with oil circulating under pressure in
a closed built-on system.
C8 Lubricating oil to separate filter DN 80
C9 Back-flush from full-flow filter DN 20
The lubricating oil is furthermore used for the pur­
C13 Oil vapour discharge* DN 50 pose of cooling the pistons.
08028-0D/H5250/94.08.12

C15 Lubricating oil overflow DN 50

C16 Lubricating oil supply DN 25 The standard engine is equipped with built-on:

Flange connections are as standard according to DIN 2501 – Engine driven lubricating oil pump
– Lubricating oil cooler
– Lubricating oil thermostatic valve
– Duplex full-flow depth filter
* For external pipe connection, please see Crank-
– Pre-lubricating oil pump
case Ventilation, B 12 00 0.

09.40
 MAN Diesel

1613544-6.8
B 12 00 0 Internal Lubricating Oil System Page 2 (4)

L28/32H

Oil Quantities The main groups of components to be lubricated are:

The approximate quantities of oil necessary for a new

1 – Turbocharger
engine, before starting up are given in the table, see
"B 12 01 1 / 604.06 Lubricating Oil in Base Frame" 2 – Main bearings, big-end bearing etc.
(max. litre H3)
3 – Camshaft drive
If there are connected external, full-flow filters etc., 4 – Governor drive
the quantity of oil in the external piping must also be
5 – Rocker arms
taken into account.
6 – Camshaft
Max. velocity recommendations for external lub­ri­
ca­ting oil pipes: 1) For priming and during operation, the tur­
bo­char­ger is connected to the lubricating oil
– Pump suction side 1.0 - 1.5 m/s circuit of the engine, the oil serves for bearing
– Pump discharge side 1.5 - 2.0 m/s lubrication.

The inlet line to the turbocharger is equipped

Lubricating Oil Consumption with an orifice in order to adjust the oil flow and
a non-return valve to prevent draining during
The lubricating oil consumption, see "Specific Lubri- stand-still.
cating Oil Consumption - SLOC, B 12 15 0 / 604.07"
The non-return valve has back-pressure func-
It should, however, be observed that during the run- tion requiring a pressure slightly above the prim-
ning in period the lubricating oil consumption may ing pres­sure to open in normal flow direction.
exceed the values stated. In this way overflooding of the turbocharger is
prevented during stand-still periods, where the
pre-lubricating pump is running.
Quality of Oil
2) Lubricating oil for the main bearings is supplied
Only HD lubricating oil (Detergent Lubricating Oil) through holes drilled in the engine frame. From
should be used, characteristic stated in "Lubricating the main bearings it passes through bores in
Oil Specification B 12 15 0 / 604.01". the crankshaft to the connecting rod big-end
bea­rings.

System Flow The connecting rods have bored channels for

supply of oil from the big-end bearings to the
The lubricating oil pump draws oil from the oil sump small-end bearings, which has an inner circum-
and presses the oil through the cooler and filter to ferential groove, and a pocket for distribution
the main lubricating oil pipe, from where the oil is of oil in the bush itself and for supply of oil to
distri­buted to the individual lubricating points. From the pin bosses and the piston cooling through
08028-0D/H5250/94.08.12

the lubricating points the oil returns by gravity to holes and channels in the piston pin.
the oil sump.
From the front main bearings channels are
bored in the crankshaft for lubricating of the
pump drive.

09.40
 MAN Diesel

1613544-6.8
Page 3 (4) Internal Lubricating Oil System B 12 00 0

L28/32H
3) The lubricating oil pipes, for the camshaft drive Built-on Full-flow Depth Filter
gear wheels, are equipped with nozzles which
are adjusted to apply the oil at the points where The built-on lubricating oil filter is of the duplex pa-
the gear wheels are in mesh. per cart­ridge type. It is a depth filter with a nominel
fineness of 10-15 microns, and a safety filter with a
4) The lubricating oil pipe, and the gear wheels fineness of 60 microns.
for the governor drive are adjusted to apply the
oil at the points where the gear wheels are in
mesh. Pre-lubricating

5) The lubricating oil to the rocker arms is led As standard the engine is equipped with an electric-
through pipes to each cylinder head. It continuos driven prelubricating pump mounted parallel to the
through bores in the cylinder head and rocker main pump.The pump must be arranged for automatic
arm to the movable parts to be lubricated at operation, ensuring stand-still of the pre-lubricating
rocker arms and valve bridge. Further, lubricat- pump when the engine is running, and running dur-
ing oil is led to the movable parts in need of ing engine stand-still in stand-by position.
lubrication.
Running period of the pre-lubricating pump is prefer-
6) Through a bore in the frame lubricating oil is led ably to be continuous. If intermittent running is requi-
to the first camshaft bearing and through bores red for energy saving purpose, the timing equipment
in the camshaft from where it is distributed to should be set for shortest possible intervals, say 2
the other camshaft bearings. minutes of running, 10 minures of stand-still, etc.
Further, it is recommended that the pre-lubricating
pump is connected to the emergency switch board
Lubricating Oil Pump thus securing that the engine is not started without
pre-lubrication.
The lubricating oil pump, which is of the gear wheel
type, is mounted on the front end of the engine and
is driven by means of the crankshaft through a cou- Draining of the Oil Sump
pling. The oil pressure is controlled by an ad­just­able
spring- loaded relief valve built-on the oil pump. It is recommended to use the separator suction pipe
for draining of the lubricating oil sump.

Lubricating Oil Cooler

Optionals
As standard the lubricating oil cooler is of the plate
type. The cooler is mounted to the front end of the Besides the standard components, the following
base frame. optionals can be built-on:

– Level switch for low/high level in oil sump

Thermostatic Valve
08028-0D/H5250/94.08.12

(LAL/LAH 28)
– Centrifugal by-pass filter
The thermostatic valve is a fully automatic three- (standard for stationary engines)
way valve with thermostatic elements set of fixed – Hand wing pump
tem­pe­ra­ture. – Filling plug

Pressure differential transmitting

– PDT 21-22 Lubricating oil inlet across filter

09.40
 MAN Diesel

1613544-6.8
B 12 00 0 Internal Lubricating Oil System Page 4 (4)

L28/32H
Temperature alarm high Branches for:
– TAH 20 Lubricating oil inlet before cooler
– External fine filter
Pressure transmitting – External full/flow filter
– PT 22 Lubricating oil inlet after cooler
Branches for separator is standard.
Temperature element
– TE 20 Lubricating oil inlet before cooler
Data
Temperature element
– TE 22 Lubricating oil inlet after cooler For heat dissipation and pump capacities, see D 10
05 0 "List of Capacities".
Temperature element
– TE 29 Lubricating oil inlet main bearings Operation levels for temperature and pressure are
stated in B 19 00 0 "Operating Data and Set Points.

08028-0D/H5250/94.08.12

09.40
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1699270-8.5
Page 1 (2) Crankcase ventilation B 12 00 0

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF,

V28/32DF
Crankcase ventilation 1) The vent pipe from each engine is to run inde-
pendently to the manifold and be fitted with cor-
The crankcase ventilation is not to be directly con- rosion resistant flame screen within the mani-
nected with any other piping system. It is preferable fold.
that the crankcase ventilation pipe from each
engine is led independently to the open air. The out- 2) The manifold is to be located as high as practi-
let is to be fitted with corrosion resistant flame cable so as to allow a substantial length of pip-
screen separately for each engine. ing, which separates the crankcase on the indi-
vidual engines.
3) The manifold is to be vented to the open air, so
that the vent outlet is fitted with corrosion resist-
ant flame screen, and the clear open area of the
vent outlet is not less than the aggregate area
of the individual crankcase vent pipes entering
the manifold.
4) The manifold is to be provided with drainage
arrangement.
The ventilation pipe must be designed to eliminate
the risk of water condensation in the pipe flowing
back into the engine and should end in the open air:
▪ The connection between engine (C13 / C30)
and the ventilation pipe must be flexible.
▪ The ventilation pipe must be made with continu-
ous upward slope of minimum 5°, even when
the ship heel or trim (static inclination).
▪ A continuous drain must be installed near the
engine. The drain must be led back to the
sludge tank.

Engine Nominal diameter ND (mm)

A B C
L16/24 50 65
L21/31 65 40 80
L23/30H 50 - 65
L27/38 100 - 100
L28/32DF 50 - 65
L28/32H 50 - 65
V28/32H 100 - 125
L32/40 125 50 125
V28/32DF 100 - 125
Figure 1: Crankcase ventilation
V28/32S 100 - 125
However, if a manifold arrangement is used, its Table 1: Pipe diameters for crankcase ventilation
arrangements are to be as follows:
▪ Dimension of the flexible connection, see pipe
diameters Fig 2.

2013.06.14
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
1699270-8.5
B 12 00 0 Crankcase ventilation Page 2 (2)

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF,

V28/32DF
▪ Dimension of the ventilation pipe after the flexi-
ble connection, see pipe diameters Fig 2.
The crankcase ventilation flow rate varies over time,
from the engine is new/major overhauled, until it is
time to overhaul the engine again.
The crankcase ventilation flow rate is in the range of
3.5 – 5.0 ‰ of the combustion air flow rate [m³/h]
at 100 % engine load.
If the combustion air flow rate at 100 % engine load
is stated in [kg/h] this can be converted to [m³/h]
with the following formula (Tropic Reference Condi-
tion) :

Example :
Engine with a mechanical output of 880 kW and
combustion air consumption of 6000 [kg/h] corre-
sponds to :

The crankcase ventilation flow rate will then be in

the range of 19.2 – 27.4 [m³/h]
The maximum crankcase backpressure measured
right after the engine at 100 % engine load must not
exceed 3.0 [mbar] = 30 [mmWC].

2013.06.14
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1624477-3.9
Page 1 (1) Prelubricating pump B 12 07 0

L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L28/32DF, V28/32DF

General
The engine is as standard equipped with an electri-
cally driven pump for prelubricating before starting.
The pump which is of the tooth wheel type is self-
priming.
The engine shall always be prelubricated 2 minutes
prior to start if intermittent or continuous prelubrica-
tion is not installed. Intermittent prelub. is 2 minutes
every 10 minutes.
Electric motor 230/400 V, 50 Hz (IP 55)
Engine No. of cyl. Pump type m3/h rpm
Type kW Start cur- Full-load
type
rent Amp. current
Amp.
L23/30H 5-6-7-8
R25/12.5
L28/32H 5-6-7-8-9 FL-Z-DB-SO 2.14 2870 5APE80M-2K 0.75 24.65 2.97

L28/32DF 5-6-7-8-9
V28/32H 12-16-18 R35/25
FL-Z-DB-50 4.2 2860 5APE90S-2 1.5 34.0 6.2
V28/32S 12-16-18 R35/40
FL-Z-DB-50 6.9 2905 6APE100L-2 3.0 74.2 10.6
V28/32DF 12-16-18

Electric motor 265/460 V, 60 Hz (IP 55)

Engine No. of cyl. Pump type m3/h rpm
Type kW Start cur- Full-load
type
rent Amp. current
Amp.
L23/30H 5-6-7-8
R25/12.5
L28/32H 5-6-7-8-9 FL-Z-DB-SO 2.57 3485 5APE80M-2K 0.86 14.9 1.71

L28/32DF 5-6-7-8-9
V28/32H 12-16-18 R35/25
FL-Z-DB-50 5.12 3432 5APE90S-2 1.8 20.0 3.6
V28/32S 12-16-18 R35/40
FL-Z-DB-50 8.3 3505 6APE100L-2 3.45 42.7 6.1
V28/32DF 12-16-18

2013.08.23
 MAN Diesel & Turbo B12150_1698991-9

Lubricating oil (SAE 30) Specification for operation with gas oil, diesel oil

Lubricating oil (SAE 30) Specification for operation with gas oil,
diesel oil (MGO/MDO) and biofuels
(MGO/MDO) and biofuels
General
The specific output achieved by modern diesel engines combined with the
use of fuels that satisfy the quality requirements more and more frequently
increase the demands on the performance of the lubricating oil which must
therefore be carefully selected.
Doped lubricating oils (HD oils) have a proven track record as lubricants for
the drive, cylinder, turbocharger and also for cooling the piston. Doped lubri-
cating oils contain additives that, amongst other things, ensure dirt absorp-
tion capability, cleaning of the engine and the neutralisation of acidic com-
bustion products.
Only lubricating oils that have been approved by MAN Diesel & Turbo may be
used. These are listed in the table below.

Specifications
Base oil The base oil (doped lubricating oil = base oil + additives) must have a narrow
distillation range and be refined using modern methods. If it contains paraf-
fins, they must not impair the thermal stability or oxidation stability.
The base oil must comply with the following limit values, particularly in terms
of its resistance to ageing:
Properties/Characteristics Unit Test method Limit value
Make-up - - Ideally paraffin based
Low-temperature behaviour, still flowable °C ASTM D 2500 -15
Flash point (Cleveland) °C ASTM D 92 > 200
Ash content (oxidised ash) Weight % ASTM D 482 < 0.02
Coke residue (according to Conradson) Weight % ASTM D 189 < 0.50
Ageing tendency following 100 hours of heating - MAN ageing oven * -
up to 135 °C
Insoluble n-heptane Weight % ASTM D 4055 < 0.2

L28/32H;L23/30H;V28/32H;L23/30S;L28/32S
or DIN 51592
Evaporation loss Weight % - <2
Spot test (filter paper) - MAN Diesel test Precipitation of resins or
asphalt-like ageing products
must not be identifiable.
Table 1: Base oils - target values

* Works' own method

Compounded lubricating oils The base oil to which the additives have been added (doped lubricating oil)
(HD oils) must have the following properties:
2014-05-20 - en

Additives The additives must be dissolved in the oil, and their composition must ensure
Description

that as little ash as possible remains after combustion.

B12150_1698991-9 EN 1 (5)
 B12150_1698991-9 MAN Diesel & Turbo

The ash must be soft. If this prerequisite is not met, it is likely the rate of dep-
Lubricating oil (SAE 30) Specification for operation with gas oil,
diesel oil (MGO/MDO) and biofuels

osition in the combustion chamber will be higher, particularly at the outlet

valves and at the turbocharger inlet housing. Hard additive ash promotes pit-
ting of the valve seats, and causes valve burn-out, it also increases mechani-
cal wear of the cylinder liners.
Additives must not increase the rate, at which the filter elements in the active
or used condition are blocked.
Washing ability The washing ability must be high enough to prevent the accumulation of tar
and coke residue as a result of fuel combustion.
Dispersion capability The selected dispersibility must be such that commercially-available lubricat-
ing oil cleaning systems can remove harmful contaminants from the oil used,
i.e. the oil must possess good filtering properties and separability.
Neutralisation capability The neutralisation capability (ASTM D2896) must be high enough to neutral-
ise the acidic products produced during combustion. The reaction time of
the additive must be harmonised with the process in the combustion cham-
ber.
Evaporation tendency The evaporation tendency must be as low as possible as otherwise the oil
consumption will be adversely affected.
Additional requirements The lubricating oil must not contain viscosity index improver. Fresh oil must
not contain water or other contaminants.

Lubricating oil selection

Engine SAE class
23/30H, 28/32H, 23/30A, 28/32A 30
At cooling water temperatures > 32° C a SAE 40 oil can be used. In this case please contact MAN
Diesel & Turbo
Table 2: Viscosity (SAE class) of lubricating oils
Doped oil quality We recommend doped lubricating oils (HD oils) according to international
specifications MIL-L 2104 or API-CD with a base number of BN 10 – 16 mg
KOH/g. Military specification O-278 lubricating oils may be used.
The operating conditions of the engine and the quality of the fuel determine
the additive fractions the lubricating oil should contain. If marine diesel oil is
used, which has a high sulphur content of 1.5 up to 2.0 weight %, a base
number of appr. 20 should be selected. However, the operating results that
L28/32H;L23/30H;V28/32H;L23/30S;L28/32S

ensure the most efficient engine operation ultimately determine the additive
content.
Cylinder lubricating oil In engines with separate cylinder lubrication systems, the pistons and cylin-
der liners are supplied with lubricating oil via a separate lubricating oil pump.
The quantity of lubricating oil is set at the factory according to the quality of
the fuel to be used and the anticipated operating conditions.
Use a lubricating oil for the cylinder and lubricating circuit as specified above.
Speed governor Multigrade oil 5W40 should ideally be used in mechanical-hydraulic control-
lers with a separate oil sump, unless the technical documentation for the
speed governor specifies otherwise. If this oil is not available when filling,
2014-05-20 - en

15W40 oil may be used instead in exceptional cases. In this case, it makes
Description

no difference whether synthetic or mineral-based oils are used.

The military specification for these oils is O-236.

2 (5) B12150_1698991-9 EN
 MAN Diesel & Turbo B12150_1698991-9

Experience with the drive engine L27/38 has shown that the operating tem-

Lubricating oil (SAE 30) Specification for operation with gas oil,
diesel oil (MGO/MDO) and biofuels
perature of the Woodward controller UG10MAS and corresponding actuator
for UG723+ can reach temperatures higher than 93 °C. In these cases, we
recommend using synthetic oil such as Castrol Alphasyn HG150. The
engines supplied after March 2005 are already filled with this oil.
Lubricating oil additives The use of other additives with the lubricating oil, or the mixing of different
brands (oils by different manufacturers), is not permitted as this may impair
the performance of the existing additives which have been carefully harmon-
ised with each another, and also specially tailored to the base oil.
Selection of lubricating oils/ Most of the mineral oil companies are in close regular contact with engine
warranty manufacturers, and can therefore provide information on which oil in their
specific product range has been approved by the engine manufacturer for
the particular application. Irrespective of the above, the lubricating oil manu-
facturers are in any case responsible for the quality and characteristics of
their products. If you have any questions, we will be happy to provide you
with further information.
Oil during operation There are no prescribed oil change intervals for MAN Diesel & Turbo medium
speed engines. The oil properties must be regularly analysed. the oil can be
used for as long as the oil properties remain within the defined limit values
(see table entitled "Limit values for used lubricating oil"). An oil sample must
be analysed every 1-3 months (see maintenance schedule). The quality of the
oil can only be maintained if it is cleaned using suitable equipment (e.g. a
separator or filter).
Temporary operation with Due to current and future emission regulations, heavy fuel oil cannot be used
gas oil in designated regions. Low-sulphur diesel fuel must be used in these regions
instead.
If the engine is operated with low-sulphur diesel fuel for less than 1,000 h, a
lubricating oil which is suitable for HFO operation (BN 30 – 55 mg KOH/g)
can be used during this period.
If the engine is operated provisionally with low-sulphur diesel fuel for more
than 1,000 h and is subsequently operated once again with HFO, a lubricat-
ing oil with a BN of 20 must be used. If the BN 20 lubricating oil from the
same manufacturer as the lubricating oil is used for HFO operation with
higher BN (40 or 50), an oil change will not be required when effecting the
changeover. It will be sufficient to use BN 20 oil when replenishing the used
lubricating oil.

L28/32H;L23/30H;V28/32H;L23/30S;L28/32S
If you wish to operate the engine with HFO once again, it will be necessary to
change over in good time to lubricating oil with a higher BN (30 – 55). If the
lubricating oil with higher BN is by the same manufacturer as the BN 20 lubri-
cating oil, the changeover can also be effected without an oil change. In
doing so, the lubricating oil with higher BN (30 – 55) must be used to replen-
ish the used lubricating oil roughly 2 weeks prior to resuming HFO operation.

Tests
Regular analysis of lube oil samples is very important for safe engine opera-
tion. We can analyse fuel for customers at our laboratory (PrimeServLab).
2014-05-20 - en

Description

Improper handling of operating fluids

If operating fluids are improperly handled, this can pose a danger to
health, safety and the environment. The relevant safety information by
the supplier of operating fluids must be observed.

B12150_1698991-9 EN 3 (5)
 B12150_1698991-9 MAN Diesel & Turbo

Approved lubricating oils SAE 30

Lubricating oil (SAE 30) Specification for operation with gas oil,
diesel oil (MGO/MDO) and biofuels

Manufacturer Base number 10 - 16 1) (mgKOH/g)

AGIP Cladium 120 - SAE 30
Sigma S SAE 30 2)
BP Energol DS 3-153
CASTROL Castrol MLC 30
Castrol MHP 153
Seamax Extra 30
CHEVRON Texaco Taro 12 XD 30
(Texaco, Caltex) Delo 1000 Marine SAE 30
Delo SHP30
EXXON MOBIL Exxmar 12 TP 30
Mobilgard 312
Mobilgard ADL 30
Delvac 1630
PETROBRAS Marbrax CCD-310
Marbrax CCD-315
Q8 Mozart DP30
REPSOL Neptuno NT 1530
SHELL Gadinia 30
Gadinia AL30
Sirius FB30 2)
Sirius/Rimula X30 2)
STATOIL MarWay 1530
MarWay 1030 2)
TOTAL LUBMARINE Disola M3015
Table 3: Lubricating oils approved for use in MAN Diesel & Turbo four-stroke Diesel engines that run on gas oil and
diesel fuel
If marine diesel oil is used, which has a very high sulphur content of 1.5 up
1)

to 2.0 weight %, a base number of appr. 20 should be selected.

L28/32H;L23/30H;V28/32H;L23/30S;L28/32S

2)
With a sulphur content of less than 1 %

No liability assumed if these oils are used

MAN Diesel & Turbo SE does not assume liability for problems that
occur when using these oils.

Limit value Procedure

2014-05-20 - en

Viscosity at 40 ℃ 75 - 160 mm²/s ISO 3104 or ASTM D445

Description

Base number (BN) at least 50 % of fresh oil ISO 3771

Flash point (PM) At least 185 ℃ ISO 2719
Water content max. 0.2 % (max. 0.5 % for brief peri- ISO 3733 or ASTM D 1744
ods)

4 (5) B12150_1698991-9 EN
 MAN Diesel & Turbo B12150_1698991-9

Limit value Procedure

Lubricating oil (SAE 30) Specification for operation with gas oil,
diesel oil (MGO/MDO) and biofuels
n-heptane insoluble max. 1.5 % DIN 51592 or IP 316
Metal content depends on engine type and operat-
ing conditions
Guide value only .
Fe max. 50 ppm
Cr max. 10 ppm
Cu max. 15 ppm
Pb max. 20 ppm
Sn max. 10 ppm
Al max. 20 ppm
When operating with biofuels: max. 12 % FT-IR
biofuel fraction
Table 4: Limit values for used lubricating oil

L28/32H;L23/30H;V28/32H;L23/30S;L28/32S
2014-05-20 - en

Description

B12150_1698991-9 EN 5 (5)
 MAN Diesel & Turbo B12150_1699882-0

Lubricating oil (SAE 30) Specification for heavy fuel operation (HFO)

Lubricating oil (SAE 30) Specification for heavy fuel operation

(HFO)
General
The specific output achieved by modern diesel engines combined with the
use of fuels that satisfy the quality requirements more and more frequently
increase the demands on the performance of the lubricating oil which must
therefore be carefully selected.
Medium alkalinity lubricating oils have a proven track record as lubricants for
the moving parts and turbocharger cylinder and for cooling the pistons.
Lubricating oils of medium alkalinity contain additives that, in addition to
other properties, ensure a higher neutralization reserve than with fully com-
pounded engine oils (HD oils).
International specifications do not exist for medium alkalinity lubricating oils.
A test operation is therefore necessary for a corresponding long period in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Only lubricating oils that have been approved by MAN Diesel & Turbo may be
used. These are listed in the table entitled "Lubricating oils approved for use
in heavy fuel oil-operated MAN Diesel & Turbo four-stroke engines".

Specifications
Base oil The base oil (doped lubricating oil = base oil + additives) must have a narrow
distillation range and be refined using modern methods. If it contains paraf-
fins, they must not impair the thermal stability or oxidation stability.
The base oil must comply with the limit values in the table below, particularly
in terms of its resistance to ageing:
Properties/Characteristics Unit Test method Limit value
Make-up - - Ideally paraffin based
Low-temperature behaviour, still flowable °C ASTM D 2500 -15
Flash point (Cleveland) °C ASTM D 92 > 200
Ash content (oxidised ash) Weight % ASTM D 482 < 0.02
Coke residue (according to Conradson) Weight % ASTM D 189 < 0.50
Ageing tendency following 100 hours of heating - MAN ageing oven * -
up to 135 °C
L28/32H;L23/30H;V28/32H;L23/30S;L28/32S
Insoluble n-heptane Weight % ASTM D 4055 < 0.2
or DIN 51592
Evaporation loss Weight % - <2
Spot test (filter paper) - MAN Diesel test Precipitation of resins or
asphalt-like ageing products
must not be identifiable.
Table 1: Base oils - target values

* Works' own method

2014-05-20 - en

Medium alkalinity lubricating The prepared oil (base oil with additives) must have the following properties:
Description

oil
Additives The additives must be dissolved in the oil and their composition must ensure
that after combustion as little ash as possible is left over, even if the engine is
provisionally operated with distillate oil.

B12150_1699882-0 EN 1 (5)
 B12150_1699882-0 MAN Diesel & Turbo

The ash must be soft. If this prerequisite is not met, it is likely the rate of dep-
Lubricating oil (SAE 30) Specification for heavy fuel operation
(HFO)

osition in the combustion chamber will be higher, particularly at the outlet

valves and at the turbocharger inlet housing. Hard additive ash promotes pit-
ting of the valve seats, and causes valve burn-out, it also increases mechani-
cal wear of the cylinder liners.
Additives must not increase the rate, at which the filter elements in the active
or used condition are blocked.
Washing ability The washing ability must be high enough to prevent the accumulation of tar
and coke residue as a result of fuel combustion. The lubricating oil must not
absorb the deposits produced by the fuel.
Dispersion capability The selected dispersibility must be such that commercially-available lubricat-
ing oil cleaning systems can remove harmful contaminants from the oil used,
i.e. the oil must possess good filtering properties and separability.
Neutralisation capability The neutralisation capability (ASTM D2896) must be high enough to neutral-
ise the acidic products produced during combustion. The reaction time of
the additive must be harmonised with the process in the combustion cham-
ber.
For tips on selecting the base number, refer to the table entitled “Base num-
ber to be used for various operating conditions".
Evaporation tendency The evaporation tendency must be as low as possible as otherwise the oil
consumption will be adversely affected.
Additional requirements The lubricating oil must not contain viscosity index improver. Fresh oil must
not contain water or other contaminants.

Lubricating oil selection

Engine SAE class
23/30H, 28/32H, 23/30A, 28/32A 30
At cooling water temperatures > 32° C a SAE 40 oil can be used. In this case please contact MAN
Diesel & Turbo
Table 2: Viscosity (SAE class) of lubricating oils
Neutralisation properties Lubricating oils with medium alkalinity and a range of neutralisation capabili-
(BN) ties (BN) are available on the market. According to current knowledge, a rela-
tionship can be established between the anticipated operating conditions
and the BN number as shown in the table entitled "Base number to be used
L28/32H;L23/30H;V28/32H;L23/30S;L28/32S

for various operating conditions". However, the operating results are still the
overriding factor in determining which BN number provides the most efficient
engine operation.
Approx. BN Engines/Operating conditions
of fresh oil
(mg KOH/g oil)
20 Marine diesel oil (MDO) of a lower quality and high sulphur content or heavy fuel oil with a sulphur
content of less than 0.5 %
30 generally 23/30H and 28/32H. 23/30A, 28/32A and 28/32S under normal operating conditions.
For engines 16/24, 21/31, 27/38, 32/40, 32/44CR, 32/44K, 40/54, 48/60 as well as 58/64 and
2014-05-20 - en

51/60DF for exclusively HFO operation only with a sulphur content < 1.5 %.
Description

2 (5) B12150_1699882-0 EN
 MAN Diesel & Turbo B12150_1699882-0

Approx. BN Engines/Operating conditions

Lubricating oil (SAE 30) Specification for heavy fuel operation

(HFO)
of fresh oil
(mg KOH/g oil)
40 Under unfavourable operating conditions 23/30A, 28/32A and 28/32S, and where the corre-
sponding requirements for the oil service life and washing ability exist.
In general 16/24, 21/31, 27/38, 32/40, 32/44CR, 32/44K, 40/54, 48/60 as well as 58/64 and
51/60DF for exclusively HFO operation providing the sulphur content is over 1.5 %.
50 32/40, 32/44CR, 32/44K, 40/54, 48/60 and 58/64, if the oil service life or engine cleanliness is
insufficient with a BN number of 40 (high sulphur content of fuel, extremely low lubricating oil
consumption).
Table 3: Base number to be used for various operating conditions
Operation with low-sulphur To comply with the emissions regulations, the sulphur content of fuels used
fuel nowadays varies. Fuels with a low-sulphur content must be used in environ-
mentally-sensitive areas (SECA). Fuels with a higher sulphur content may be
used outside SECA zones. In this case, the BN number of the lubricating oil
selected must satisfy the requirements for operation using fuel with a high-
sulphur content. A lubricating oil with low BN number may only be selected if
fuel with a low-sulphur content is used exclusively during operation.
However, the results obtained in practiсe that demonstrate the most efficient
engine operation are the factor that ultimately determines, which additive
fraction is permitted.
Cylinder lubricating oil In engines with separate cylinder lubrication systems, the pistons and cylin-
der liners are supplied with lubricating oil via a separate lubricating oil pump.
The quantity of lubricating oil is set at the factory according to the quality of
the fuel to be used and the anticipated operating conditions.
Use a lubricating oil for the cylinder and lubricating circuit as specified above.
Speed governor Multigrade oil 5W40 should ideally be used in mechanical-hydraulic control-
lers with a separate oil sump, unless the technical documentation for the
speed governor specifies otherwise. If this oil is not available when filling,
15W40 oil may be used instead in exceptional cases. In this case, it makes
no difference whether synthetic or mineral-based oils are used.
The military specification for these oils is O-236.
Experience with the drive engine L27/38 has shown that the operating tem-
perature of the Woodward controller UG10MAS and corresponding actuator
for UG723+ can reach temperatures higher than 93 °C. In these cases, we
recommend using synthetic oil such as Castrol Alphasyn HG150. Engines
supplied after March 2005 are already filled with this oil. L28/32H;L23/30H;V28/32H;L23/30S;L28/32S
Lubricating oil additives The use of other additives with the lubricating oil, or the mixing of different
brands (oils by different manufacturers), is not permitted as this may impair
the performance of the existing additives which have been carefully harmon-
ised with each another, and also specially tailored to the base oil.
Selection of lubricating oils/ Most of the mineral oil companies are in close regular contact with engine
warranty manufacturers, and can therefore provide information on which oil in their
specific product range has been approved by the engine manufacturer for
the particular application. Irrespective of the above, the lubricating oil manu-
facturers are in any case responsible for the quality and characteristics of
2014-05-20 - en

their products. If you have any questions, we will be happy to provide you
Description

with further information.

Oil during operation There are no prescribed oil change intervals for MAN Diesel & Turbo medium
speed engines. The oil properties must be regularly analysed. The oil can be
used for as long as the oil properties remain within the defined limit values
(see table entitled "Limit values for used lubricating oil“). An oil sample must

B12150_1699882-0 EN 3 (5)
 B12150_1699882-0 MAN Diesel & Turbo

be analysed every 1-3 months (see maintenance schedule). The quality of the
Lubricating oil (SAE 30) Specification for heavy fuel operation
(HFO)

oil can only be maintained if it is cleaned using suitable equipment (e.g. a

separator or filter).
Temporary operation with Due to current and future emission regulations, heavy fuel oil cannot be used
gas oil in designated regions. Low-sulphur diesel fuel must be used in these regions
instead.
If the engine is operated with low-sulphur diesel fuel for less than 1,000 h, a
lubricating oil which is suitable for HFO operation (BN 30 – 55 mg KOH/g)
can be used during this period.
If the engine is operated provisionally with low-sulphur diesel fuel for more
than 1,000 h and is subsequently operated once again with HFO, a lubricat-
ing oil with a BN of 20 must be used. If the BN 20 lubricating oil from the
same manufacturer as the lubricating oil is used for HFO operation with
higher BN (40 or 50), an oil change will not be required when effecting the
changeover. It will be sufficient to use BN 20 oil when replenishing the used
lubricating oil.
If you wish to operate the engine with HFO once again, it will be necessary to
change over in good time to lubricating oil with a higher BN (30 – 55). If the
lubricating oil with higher BN is by the same manufacturer as the BN 20 lubri-
cating oil, the changeover can also be effected without an oil change. In
doing so, the lubricating oil with higher BN (30 – 55) must be used to replen-
ish the used lubricating oil roughly 2 weeks prior to resuming HFO operation.
Limit value Procedure
Viscosity at 40 ℃ 75 - 160 mm²/s ISO 3104 or ASTM D 445
Base number (BN) at least 50 % of fresh oil ISO 3771
Flash point (PM) At least 185 ℃ ISO 2719
Water content max. 0.2 % (max. 0.5 % for brief peri- ISO 3733 or ASTM D 1744
ods)
n-heptane insoluble max. 1.5 % DIN 51592 or IP 316
Metal content depends on engine type and operat-
ing conditions
Guide value only .
Fe max. 50 ppm
L28/32H;L23/30H;V28/32H;L23/30S;L28/32S

Cr max. 10 ppm
Cu max. 15 ppm
Pb max. 20 ppm
Sn max. 10 ppm
Al max. 20 ppm
Table 4: Limit values for used lubricating oil

Tests
We can analyse lubricating oil for customers at our laboratory. A 0.5 l sample
is required for the test.
2014-05-20 - en

Base Number (mgKOH/g)

Description

Manufacturer
20 30 40 50
AEGEAN —— Alfamar 330 Alfamar 340 Alfamar 350
AGIP —— Cladium 300 Cladium 400 ——
BP Energol IC-HFX 203 Energol IC-HFX 303 Energol IC-HFX 403 Energol IC-HFX 503

4 (5) B12150_1699882-0 EN
 MAN Diesel & Turbo B12150_1699882-0

Base Number (mgKOH/g)

Lubricating oil (SAE 30) Specification for heavy fuel operation

(HFO)
Manufacturer
20 30 40 50
CASTROL TLX Plus 203 TLX Plus 303 TLX Plus 403 TLX Plus 503
CEPSA —— Troncoil 3030 Plus Troncoil 4030 Plus Troncoil 5030 Plus
CHEVRON Taro 20DP30 Taro 30DP30 Taro 40XL30 Taro 50XL30
(Texaco, Caltex) Taro 20DP30X Taro 30DP30X Taro 40XL30X Taro 50XL30X
EXXON MOBIL —— Mobilgard M330 Mobilgard M340 Mobilgard M50
—— Exxmar 30 TP 30 Exxmar 40 TP 30
LUKOIL 20/30 30/30 —— ——
PETROBRAS Marbrax CCD-320 Marbrax CCD-330 Marbrax CCD-340 ——
REPSOL Neptuno NT 2030 Neptuno NT 3030 Neptuno NT 4030 ——
SHELL Argina S 30 Argina T 30 Argina X 30 Argina XL 30
Argina XX 30
TOTAL LUBMAR- —— Aurelia XL 3030 Aurelia XL 3040 Aurelia TI 3055
INE Aurelia TI 3030 Aurelia TI 3040
Table 5: Approved lubricating oils for heavy fuel oil-operated MAN Diesel & Turbo four-stroke engines.

No liability assumed if these oils are used

MAN Diesel & Turbo SE does not assume liability for problems that
occur when using these oils.

L28/32H;L23/30H;V28/32H;L23/30S;L28/32S
2014-05-20 - en

Description

B12150_1699882-0 EN 5 (5)
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1607584-6.10
Page 1 (2) Specific lubricating oil consumption - SLOC B 12 15 0

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF

Description
Engine type RPM SLOC [g/kWh]
L16/24 1000/1200 0.4 - 0.8
L21/31 900/1000 0.4 - 0.8
L23/30H 720/750/900 0.6 - 1.0
L27/38 720/750 0.4 - 0.8
L28/32H 720/750 0.6 - 1.0
L28/32DF 720/750 0.6 - 1.0
V28/32H 720/750 0.6 - 1.0
V28/32S 720/750 0.4 - 0.8
L32/40 720/750 0.8 - 1.0
The lubricating oil density, ρ @ 15°C must be
Please note that only maximum continuous rating known in order to convert ρ to the present lubricat-
(PMCR (kW)) should be used in order to evaluate the ing oil temperature in the base frame. The following
formula is used to calculate ρ:
SLOC.
ρlubricating oil [kg/m3] =
Please note, during engine running-in the SLOC
may exceed the values stated.
The following formula is used to calculate the
SLOC:
SLOC [g/kWh] =

The engine maximum continuous design rating

(PMCR) must always be used in order to be able to
compare the individual measurements, and the run-
ning hours since the last lubricating oil adding must
be used in the calculation. Due to inaccuracy *) at
adding lubricating oil, the SLOC can only be evalu-
In order to evaluate the correct engine SLOC, the ated after 1,000 running hours or more, where only
following circumstances must be noticed and sub- the average values of a number of lubricating oil
tracted from the engine SLOC: addings are representative.
A1: Note!
▪ Desludging interval and sludge amount from the *) A deviation of ± 1 mm with the dipstick measure-
lubricating oil separator (or automatic lubricating ment must be expected, which corresponds uptill
oil filters). The expected lubricating oil content of ± 0.1 g/kWh, depending on the engine type.
the sludge amount is 30%.
The following does also have an influence on the
SLOC and must be considered in the SLOC evalua-
tion:
A2:
▪ Lubricating oil evaporation
Lubricating oil leakages
Lubricating oil losses at lubricating oil filter
exchange

2013.04.17
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
1607584-6.10
B 12 15 0 Specific lubricating oil consumption - SLOC Page 2 (2)

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF

2013.04.17
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1643494-3.10
Page 1 (7) Treatment and maintenance of lubricating oil B 12 15 0

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF,

V28/32DF, L23/30DF, L16/24S, L21/31S, L23/30S, L27/38S, L28/32S
General Operation on Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO)
During operation of trunk engines the lubricating oil HFO-operated engines require effective lubricating
will gradually be contaminated by small particles oil cleaning. In order to ensure a safe operation it is
originating from the combustion. necessary to use supplementary cleaning equip-
Engines operated on heavy fuels will normally ment together with the built-on full flow depth filter.
increase the contamination due to the increased It is mandatory to run bypass separator units con-
content of carbon residues and other contaminants. tinuously for engines operated on HFO, as an opti-
Contamination of lubricating oil with either freshwa- mal lubricating oil treatment is fundamental for a
ter or seawater can also occur. reliable working condition. Therefore it is mandatory
to clean the lubricating oil with a bypass separator
A certain amount of contaminants can be kept sus- unit, so that the wear rates are reduced and the life-
pended in the lubricating oil without affecting the time of the engine is extended.
lubricating properties.
The condition of the lubricating oil must be kept Bypass cleaning equipment
under observation (on a regular basis) by analyzing
oil samples. See Section 504.04 "Criteria for Clean- As a result of normal operation, the lubricating oil
ing/Exchange of Lubricating Oil". contains abraded particles and combustion resi-
dues which have to be removed by the bypass
The moving parts in the engine are protected by the cleaning system and to a certain extent by the
built-on duplex full-flow lubricating oil filter. The duplex full-flow lubricating oil filter as well.
replaceable paper filter cartridges in each filter
chamber has a fineness of 10-15 microns. The With automatic mesh filters this can result in an
safety filter, at the centre of each filter chamber, is a undesirable and hazardous continuous flushing. In
basket filter element, with a fineness of 60 microns view of the high cost of cleaning equipment for
(sphere passing mesh). removing micro impurities, this equipment is only
rated for a certain proportion of the oil flowing
The pressure drop across the replaceable paper fil- through the engine since it is installed in a bypass.
ter cartridges is one parameter indicating the con-
tamination level. The higher the dirt content in the The bypass cleaning equipment is operated
oil, the shorter the periods between filter cartridge ▪ continuously when the engine is in operation or
replacement and cleaning. at standstill
The condition of the lubricating oil can be main- For cleaning of lubricating oil the following bypass
tained / re-established by exchanging the lubricat- cleaning equipment can be used:
ing oil at fixed intervals or based on analyzing oil
▪ Separator unit
samples.
▪ Decanter unit
Operation on Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) & ▪ Self cleaning automatic bypass mesh filter
Marine Gas Oil (MGO) ▪ Built-on centrifugal bypass filter (standard on
MAN Diesel & Turbo, Holeby GenSets)
For engines exclusively operated on MDO/MGO we
recommend to install a built-on centrifugal bypass ▪ Bypass depth filter
filter as an additional filter to the built-on full flow The decanter unit, the self-cleaning automatic
depth filter. bypass mesh filter and the bypass depth filter
It is advisable to run bypass separator units contin- capacity must be adjusted according to maker’s
uously for engines operated on MDO/MGO as sep- recommendations.
arator units present the best cleaning solution. In case full flow filtration equipment is chosen, this
Mesh filters have the disadvantage that they cannot must only be installed as in-line cleaning upstream
remove water and their elements clog quickly. to the duplex full-flow lubricating oil filter, built onto
the engine.

2014.06.04
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
1643494-3.10
B 12 15 0 Treatment and maintenance of lubricating oil Page 2 (7)

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF,

V28/32DF, L23/30DF, L16/24S, L21/31S, L23/30S, L27/38S, L28/32S
The most appropriate type of equipment for a par- Lubricating oil preheating
ticular application depends on the engine output,
the type and amount of combustion residues, the The installed heater on the separator unit ensures
annual operating time and the operating mode of correct lubricating oil temperature during separa-
the plant. Even with a relatively low number of oper- tion. When the engine is at standstill, the heater can
ating hours there can be a great deal of combustion be used for two functions:
residues if, for instance, the engine is inadequately ▪ The oil from the sump is preheated to 95 – 98
preheated and quickly accelerated and loaded. °C by the heater and cleaned continuously by
the separator unit.
Separator unit ▪ The heater can also be used to maintain an oil
temperature of at least 40 °C, depending on
Continuous lubricating oil cleaning during engine
installation of the lubricating oil system.
operation is mandatory. An optimal lubricating oil
treatment is fundamental for a reliable working con-
dition of the engine. Cleaning capacity
If the lubricating oil is circulating without a separator Normally, it is recommended to use a self-cleaning
unit in operation, the lubricating oil will gradually be filtration unit in order to optimize the cleaning period
contaminated by products of combustion, water and thus also optimize the size of the filtration unit.
and/or acid. In some instances cat-fines may also Separator units for manual cleaning can be used
be present. when the reduced effective cleaning time is taken
In order to prolong the lubricating oil lifetime and into consideration by dimensioning the separator
remove wear elements, water and contaminants unit capacity.
from the lubricating oil, it is mandatory to use a by-
pass separator unit. Operation and design flow
The separator unit will reduce the carbon residue
content and other contaminants from combustion In order to calculate the required operation flow
on engines operated on HFO, and keep the amount through the separator unit, MDT recommends to
within MDT’s recommendation, on condition that apply the following formula:
the separator unit is operated according to MDT's
recommendations.
When operating a cleaning device, the following
recommendations must be observed:
▪ The optimum cleaning effect is achieved by
keeping the lubricating oil in a state of low vis- Q = required operation flow [l/h]
cosity for a long period in the separator bowl. P = MCR (maximum continuous rating)
▪ Sufficiently low viscosity is obtained by preheat- [kW]
ing the lubricating oil to a temperature of 95°C - t = actual effective separator unit sep-
98°C, when entering the separator bowl. arating time per day [hour]
(23.5 h separating time and 0.5 h
▪ The capacity of the separator unit must be for sludge discharge = 24 h/day)
adjusted according to MDT's recommenda-
tions. n = number of turnovers per day of the
theoretical oil volume correspond-
Slow passage of the lubricating oil through the sep- ing to 1.36 [l/kW] or 1 [l/HP]
arator unit is obtained by using a reduced flow rate
and by operating the separator unit 24 hours a day, The following values for "n" are recommended:
stopping only for maintenance, according to mak-
n = 6 for HFO operation (residual)
er's recommendation.
n = 4 for MDO operation
n = 3 for distillate fuel

2014.06.04
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1643494-3.10
Page 3 (7) Treatment and maintenance of lubricating oil B 12 15 0

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF,

V28/32DF, L23/30DF, L16/24S, L21/31S, L23/30S, L27/38S, L28/32S
Example 1 For example, for a bulk carrier with three 1,000 kW
For multi-engine plants, one separator unit per engines operating on HFO and connected to a
engine in operation is recommended. common self-cleaning separator unit, with a daily
For example, for a 1,000 kW engine operating on effective separating period of 23.5 hours, the calcu-
HFO and connected to a self-cleaning separator lation is as follows:
unit, with a daily effective separating period of 23.5
hours, the calculation is as follows:

To ensure optimum cleaning of the lubricating oil,

To ensure optimum cleaning of the lubricating oil, the design flow must be 4 to 7 times higher than
the design flow must be 4 to 7 times higher than the operation flow through the separator unit.
the operation flow through the separator unit. The separator design flow for the example above
Accordingly, the separator design flow for the will then be in the range of 1,806-3,157 l/h.
example above will be in the range of 1,389-2,429 With an average power demand higher than 50% of
l/h. the GenSet power installed, the operation flow must
be based on 100% of the GenSet power installed.

Figure 1: One separator per engine plant

Example 2
As an alternative, one common separator unit for
max. three engines can be installed, with one in
reserve if possible.
For the calculation in this example it is necessary
include the combined average power demand of
the multi-engine plant. The load profile experienced 1 Interconnected valves
for the majority of merchant vessels is that the aver-
age power demand is around 43-50% of the total Figure 2: One common separator unit for multi-engine plant
GenSet power installed. With three identical engines
this corresponds to 1.3-1.5 times the power of one
engine.
▪ Bulk carrier and tankers : ~1.3 times the power
of one engine
▪ Container vessel : ~1.5 times the power of one
engine

2014.06.04
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
1643494-3.10
B 12 15 0 Treatment and maintenance of lubricating oil Page 4 (7)

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF,

V28/32DF, L23/30DF, L16/24S, L21/31S, L23/30S, L27/38S, L28/32S
Density and viscosity are important parameters for
Separator unit installation efficient separation. The greater the difference in
density between the particle and the lubricating oil,
With multi-engine plants, one separator unit per the higher the separation efficiency. The settling
engine in operation is recommended (see figure 1), velocity increases in inverse proportion to viscosity.
but if only one separator unit is in operation, the fol- However, since both density and viscosity vary with
lowing layout can be used: temperature, separation temperature is the critical
▪ A common separator unit (see figure 2) can be operating parameter.
installed, with one in reserve, if possible, for Particle size is another important factor. The settling
operation of all engines through a pipe system, velocity increases rapidly with particle size. This
which can be carried out in various ways. The means that the smaller the particle, the more chal-
aim is to ensure that the separator unit is only lenging the separation task. In a centrifuge, the term
connected to one engine at a time. Thus there (rω2) represents the centrifugal force which is sev-
will be no suction and discharging from one eral thousand times greater than the acceleration
engine to another. due to gravitational force. Centrifugal force enables
It is recommended that inlet and outlet valves are the efficient separation of particles which are only a
connected so that they can only be changed over few microns in size.
simultaneously. The separation efficiency is a function of:
With only one engine in operation there are no
problems with separating, but if several engines are
in operation for some time it is recommended to
split up the separation time in turns on all operating
engines.
With 2 out of 3 engines in operation the 23.5 hours
separating time must be split up in around 4-6
hours intervals between changeover.

Stokes' law
The operating principles of centrifugal separation
are based on Stokes’ Law.

V = settling velocity [m/sec]

rω 2
= acceleration in centrifgal field [m/sec2]
d = diameter of particle [m]
ρp = density of particle [kg/m3]
ρl = density of medium [kg/m3]
µ = viscosity of medium [kg/m, sec.]

The rate of settling (V) for a given capacity is deter-

mined by Stokes’ Law. This expression takes into
account the particle size, the difference between
density of the particles and the lubricating oil, and
the viscosity of the lubricating oil.

2014.06.04
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1643494-3.10
Page 5 (7) Treatment and maintenance of lubricating oil B 12 15 0

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF,

V28/32DF, L23/30DF, L16/24S, L21/31S, L23/30S, L27/38S, L28/32S
tor unit. In order to ensure that the centrifugal forces
separate the heavy contaminants in the relatively
limited time that they are present in the separator
bowl, the separator unit must always be operated
with an inlet temperature of 95-98°C for lubricating
oil.
A control circuit including a temperature transmitter
and a PI-type controller with accuracy of ±2°C must
be installed. If steam-heated, a correctly sized
steam valve should be fitted with the right KvS
value. The steam trap must be a mechanical float
type. The most common heaters on board are
steam heaters. This is due to the fact that steam in
most cases is available at low cost.
Most ships are equipped with an exhaust boiler uti-
lizing the exhaust gases to generate steam.
A large proportion of smaller tonnage does, how-
ever, use electric heaters.
It is essential to keep the incoming oil temperature
to the separator unit steady with only a small varia-
tion in temperature allowed (maximum ±2°C).
The position of the interface between oil and water
in the separator bowl is a result of the density and
the viscosity of the oil, which in turn depends on the
temperature.

Flow rate
It is known that separation efficiency is a function of
the separator unit’s flow rate. The higher the flow
rate, the more particles are left in the oil and there-
fore the lower the separation efficiency. As the flow
rate is reduced, the efficiency with which particles
are removed increases and cleaning efficiency thus
Operating parameters improves. It is, however, essential to know at what
capacity adequate separation efficiency is reached
Various operating parameters affect separation effi-
in the specific case.
ciency. These include temperature, which controls
both lubricating oil viscosity and density, flow rate In principle, there are three ways to control the flow:
and maintenance. ▪ Adjustment of the built-in safety valve on the
pump.
Temperature of lubricating oil before This method is NOT recommended since the
separator unit built-on valve is nothing but a safety valve.
It is often seen that the lubricating oil pre-heaters The opening pressure is often too high and its
are undersized, have very poor temperature control, characteristic far from linear.
the steam supply to the pre-heater is limited or the In addition, circulation in the pump may result in
temperature set point is too low. oil emulsions and cavitation in the pump.
Often the heater surface is partly clogged by depos- ▪ A flow regulating valve arrangement on the
its. These factors all lead to reduced separation pressure side of the pump, which bypasses the
temperature and hence the efficiency of the separa- separator unit and re-circulates part of the

2014.06.04
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
1643494-3.10
B 12 15 0 Treatment and maintenance of lubricating oil Page 6 (7)

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF,

V28/32DF, L23/30DF, L16/24S, L21/31S, L23/30S, L27/38S, L28/32S
untreated lubricating oil back to the treated oil oxidation of the oil itself (TAN) or to the presence of
return line, from the separator unit and NOT inorganic acids (SAN). In both cases the presence
directly back to the suction side of the pump. of water will multiply the effect, especially sea water
The desired flow rate is set manually by means as the chloride ions act as an inorganic acid.
of the flow regulating valve. Further, the require-
ment for backpressure in the clean oil outlet Signs of deterioration
MUST also be fulfilled, helping to maintain the
If circulating oil of inferior quality is used and the oxi-
correct interface position.
dative influence becomes grave, prompt action is
▪ Speed control of the pump motor with a fre- necessary as the last stages in the deterioration will
quency converter or a 2-speed motor. develop surprisingly quickly, within one or two
This is a relatively cheap solution today and is a weeks. Even if this seldomly happens, it is wise to
good alternative for flow control. be acquainted with the signs of deterioration.
These may be some or all of the following:
Maintenance ▪ Sludge precipitation in the separator unit multi-
Proper maintenance is an important, but often over- plies
looked operating parameter that is difficult to quan- ▪ Smell of oil becomes acrid or pungent
tify. If the bowl is not cleaned in time, deposits will ▪ Machined surfaces in the crankcase become
form on the bowl discs, the free channel height will coffee-brown with a thin layer of lacquer
be reduced, and flow velocity increases. This further
tends to drag particles with the liquid flow towards ▪ Paint in the crankcase peels off or blisters
the bowl’s centre resulting in decreased separation ▪ Excessive carbon is formed in the piston cool-
efficiency. ing chamber
In a grave case of oil deterioration the system must
Check of lubricating oil system be cleaned thoroughly and refilled with new oil.
For cleaning of the lubricating oil system after over-
hauls and inspection of the lubricating oil piping Oxidation of oils
system the following checks must be carried out:
At normal service temperature the rate of oxidation
1. Examine the piping system for leaks. is insignificant, but the following factors will acceler-
2. Retighten all bolts and nuts in the piping sys- ate the process:
tem. High temperature
3. Move all valves and cocks in the piping system. If the coolers are ineffective, the temperature level
Lubricate valve spindles with graphite or similar. will generally rise. A high temperature will also arise
in electrical pre-heaters if the circulation is not con-
4. Blow through drain pipes. tinued for 5 minutes after the heating has been
5. Check flexible connections for leaks and dam- stopped, or if the heater is only partly filled with oil.
ages. Catalytic action
6. Check manometers and thermometers for pos- Oxidation of the oil will be accelerated considerably
sible damages. if catalytic particles are present in the oil. Wear par-
ticles of copper are especially harmful, but also fer-
Deterioration of oil rous particles and rust are active. Furthermore, the
lacquer and varnish oxidation products of the oil
Oil seldomly loses its ability to lubricate, i.e. to form itself have an accelerating effect. Continuous clean-
a friction-decreasing oil film, but it may become cor- ing of the oil is therefore important to keep the
rosive to the steel journals of the bearings in such a sludge content low.
way that the surface of these journals becomes too
rough and wipes the bearing surface.
Water washing
In that case the bearings must be renewed, and the
journals must also be polished. The corrosiveness Water washing of HD oils (heavy duty) must not be
of the lubricating oil is either due to far advanced carried out.

2014.06.04
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1643494-3.10
Page 7 (7) Treatment and maintenance of lubricating oil B 12 15 0

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF,

V28/32DF, L23/30DF, L16/24S, L21/31S, L23/30S, L27/38S, L28/32S
Water in the oil
If the TAN is low, a minor increase in the fresh water
content of the oil is not immediately detrimental
while the engine is in operation. Naturally, it should
be brought down again as quickly as possible
(below 0.2% water content, which is permissible,
see description "B 12 15 0/504.04 criteria for
exchange of lube oil”). If the engine is stopped while
corrosion conditions are unsatisfactory, the crank-
shaft must be turned ½ - ¾ revolution once every
hour by means of the turning gear. Please make
sure that the crankshaft stops in different positions,
to prevent major damage to bearings and journals.
The lubricating oil must be circulated and separated
continuously to remove water.
Water in the oil may be noted by steam formation
on the sight glasses, by appearance, or ascertained
by immersing a piece of glass or a soldering iron
heated to 200-300°C in an oil sample. If there is a
hissing sound, water is present. If a large quantity of
water has entered the lubricating oil system, it has
to be removed. Either by sucking up sediment
water from the bottom, or by replacing the oil in the
sump. An oil sample must be analysed immediately
for chloride ions.

2014.06.04
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1609533-1.7
Page 1 (2) Criteria for cleaning/exchange of lubricating oil B 12 15 0

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF,

V28/32DF
Replacement of lubricating oil 2. Flash point
The expected lubricating oil lifetime in operation is Min. value : 185° C
difficult to determine. The lubricating oil lifetime is
depending on the fuel oil quality, the lubricating oil Possible test : ASTM D-92, ISO 2719
method
quality, the lubricating oil consumption, the lubricat-
ing oil cleaning equipment efficiency and the engine Normally used to indicate fuel dilution.
operational conditions.
In order to evaluate the lubricating oil condition a 3. Water content
sample should be drawn on regular basis at least
once every three month or depending on the latest Max. value : 0.2 %
analysis result. The lubricating oil sample must be Unit : Weight %
drawn before the filter at engine in operation. The
sample bottle must be clean and dry, supplied with Possible test : ASTM D4928, ISO 3733
method
sufficient indentification and should be closed
immediately after filling. The lubricating oil sample Water can originate from contaminated fuel oil, an
must be examined in an approved laboratory or in engine cooling water leak or formed as part of the
the lubricating oil suppliers own laboratory. combustion process. If water is detected also
A lubricating oil replacement or an extensive lubri- Sodium, Glycol or Boron content should be
cating oil cleaning is required when the MAN Diesel checked in order to confirm engine coolant leaks.
& Turbo exchange criteria's have been reached.
4. Base number
Evaluation of the lubricating oil condition
Min. value : The BN value should not be lower
Based on the analysis results, the following guid- than 50% of fresh lubricating oil value,
ance are normally sufficient for evaluating the lubri- but minimum BN level never to be
cating oil condition. The parameters themselves can lower than 10-12 at operating on HFO!
not be jugded alonestanding, but must be evalu- Unit : mg KOH/g
ated together in order to conclude the lubricating oil
Possible test : ASTM D-2896, ISO 3771
condition. method

1. Viscosity The neutralization capacity must secure that the

acidic combustion products, mainly sulphur origi-
Limit value: nate from the fuel oil, are neutralized at the lube oil
consumption level for the specific engine type.
Normal min. max.
value value value
Gradually the BN will be reduced, but should reach
an equilibrium.
SAE 30 [cSt@40° C] 95 - 125 75 160
SAE 30 [cSt@100° C] 11 - 13 9 15 5. Total acid number (TAN)
SAE 40 [cSt@40° C] 135 - 165 100 220
Max. value : 3.0 acc. to fresh oil value
SAE 40 [cSt@100° C] 13.5 - 15.0 11 19
Unit : mg KOH/g
Possible test : ASTM D-664
Unit : cSt (mm2/s) method
Possible test : ASTM D-445, DIN51562/53018, ISO TAN is used to monitor oil degradation and is a
method 3104 measure of the total acids present in the lubricating
Increasing viscosity indicates problems with insolu- oil derived from oil oxidation (weak acids) and acidic
bles, HFO contamination, water contamination, oxi- products of fuel combustion (strong acids).
dation, nitration and low load operation. Decreasing
viscosity is generally due to dilution with lighter vis-
cosity oil.

2007.03.12
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
1609533-1.7
B 12 15 0 Criteria for cleaning/exchange of lubricating oil Page 2 (2)

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF,

V28/32DF
6. Insolubles content
Max. value : 1.5 % generally, depending upon
actual dispersant value and the
increase in viscosity
Unit : Weight %
Possible test : ASTM D-893 procedure B in Heptane,
method DIN 51592
Additionally : If the level in n-Heptane insolubles is
test considered high for the type of oil and
application, the test could be followed
by a supplementary determination in
Toluene.

Total insolubles is maily derived from products of

combustion blown by the piston rings into the
crankcase. It also includes burnt lubricating oil,
additive ash, rust, salt, wear debris and abrasive
matter.

7. Metal content
Metal content Remarks Attention limits
Iron Depend upon max. 50 ppm
Chromium engine type and max. 10 ppm
Copper operating condi- max. 15 ppm
Lead tions max. 20 ppm
Tin max. 10 ppm
Aluminium max. 20 ppm
Silicon max. 20 ppm

2007.03.12
Cooling Water System

B 13
 010.000.023-13

Engine cooling water specifications

D010.000.023-13-0001
Preliminary remarks
As is also the case with the fuel and lubricating oil, the engine cooling water
must be carefully selected, handled and checked. If this is not the case, cor-
rosion, erosion and cavitation may occur at the walls of the cooling system in
contact with water and deposits may form. Deposits obstruct the transfer of
heat and can cause thermal overloading of the cooled parts. The system
must be treated with an anticorrosive agent before bringing it into operation
for the first time. The concentrations prescribed by the engine manufacturer
must always be observed during subsequent operation. The above especially
applies if a chemical additive is added.

Requirements
Limit values The properties of untreated cooling water must correspond to the following
limit values:
Properties/Characteristic Properties Unit
Water type Distillate or fresh water, free of foreign matter. -
Total hardness max. 10 °dH*
pH value 6.5 - 8 -
Chloride ion content max. 50 mg/l**
Table 1: Cooling water - properties to be observed

*) 1°dH (German hard- ≙ 10 mg CaO in 1 litre of water ≙ 17.9 mg CaCO3/l

ness)
≙ 0.357 mval/l ≙ 0.179 mmol/l
**) 1 mg/l ≙ 1 ppm

Testing equipment The MAN Diesel water testing equipment incorporates devices that deter-
mine the water properties directly related to the above. The manufacturers of
anticorrosive agents also supply user-friendly testing equipment. Notes for
cooling water check see in 010.005 Engine – Work Instructions
010.000.002-03.

Additional information
Engine cooling water specifications

Distillate If distilled water (from a fresh water generator, for example) or fully desalina-
ted water (from ion exchange or reverse osmosis) is available, this should
ideally be used as the engine cooling water. These waters are free of lime
and salts which means that deposits that could interfere with the transfer of
heat to the cooling water, and therefore also reduce the cooling effect, can-
not form. However, these waters are more corrosive than normal hard water
as the thin film of lime scale that would otherwise provide temporary corro-
sion protection does not form on the walls. This is why distilled water must
be handled particularly carefully and the concentration of the additive must
2013-06-20 - de

be regularly checked.
Hardness The total hardness of the water is the combined effect of the temporary and
permanent hardness. The proportion of calcium and magnesium salts is of
General

overriding importance. The temporary hardness is determined by the carbo-

nate content of the calcium and magnesium salts. The permanent hardness

D010.000.023-13-0001 EN 1 (7)
 010.000.023-13

is determined by the amount of remaining calcium and magnesium salts (sul-

phates). The temporary (carbonate) hardness is the critical factor that deter-
D010.000.023-13-0001

mines the extent of limescale deposit in the cooling system.

Water with a total hardness of > 10°dGH must be mixed with distilled water
or softened. Subsequent hardening of extremely soft water is only necessary
to prevent foaming if emulsifiable slushing oils are used.

Damage to the cooling water system

Corrosion Corrosion is an electrochemical process that can widely be avoided by
selecting the correct water quality and by carefully handling the water in the
engine cooling system.
Flow cavitation Flow cavitation can occur in areas in which high flow velocities and high tur-
bulence is present. If the steam pressure is reached, steam bubbles form
and subsequently collapse in high pressure zones which causes the destruc-
tion of materials in constricted areas.
Erosion Erosion is a mechanical process accompanied by material abrasion and the
destruction of protective films by solids that have been drawn in, particularly
in areas with high flow velocities or strong turbulence.
Stress corrosion cracking Stress corrosion cracking is a failure mechanism that occurs as a result of
simultaneous dynamic and corrosive stress. This may lead to cracking and
rapid crack propagation in water-cooled, mechanically-loaded components if
the cooling water has not been treated correctly.

Processing of engine cooling water

Formation of a protective The purpose of treating the engine cooling water using anticorrosive agents
film is to produce a continuous protective film on the walls of cooling surfaces
and therefore prevent the damage referred to above. In order for an anticor-
rosive agent to be 100 % effective, it is extremely important that untreated
water satisfies the requirements in the section "Requirements".
Protective films can be formed by treating the cooling water with an anticor-
rosive chemical or an emulsifiable slushing oil.
Emulsifiable slushing oils are used less and less frequently as their use has
been considerably restricted by environmental protection regulations, and
because they are rarely available from suppliers for this and other reasons.
Engine cooling water specifications

Treatment prior to initial Treatment with an anticorrosive agent should be carried out before the
commissioning of engine engine is brought into operation for the first time to prevent irreparable initial
damage.

Treatment of the cooling water

The engine must not be brought into operation without treating the
cooling water first.
2013-06-20 - de

Additives for cooling water

General

Only the additives approved by MAN Diesel & Turbo and listed in the tables
under the section entitled „Approved cooling water additives“ may be used.

2 (7) D010.000.023-13-0001 EN
 010.000.023-13

Required approval A cooling water additive may only be permitted for use if tested and
approved as per the latest directives of the ICE Research Association (FVV)

D010.000.023-13-0001
"Suitability test of internal combustion engine cooling fluid additives.” The test
report must be obtainable on request. The relevant tests can be carried out
on request in Germany at the staatliche Materialprüfanstalt (Federal Institute
for Materials Research and Testing), Abteilung Oberflächentechnik (Surface
Technology Division), Grafenstraße 2 in D-64283 Darmstadt.
Once the cooling water additive has been tested by the FVV, the engine
must be tested in the second step before the final approval is granted.
In closed circuits only Additives may only be used in closed circuits where no significant consump-
tion occurs, apart from leaks or evaporation losses. Observe the applicable
environmental protection regulations when disposing of cooling water con-
taining additives. For more information, consult the additive supplier.

Chemical additives
Sodium nitrite and sodium borate based additives etc. have a proven track
record. Galvanised iron pipes or zinc sacrificial anodes must not be used in
cooling systems. This corrosion protection is not required due to the prescri-
bed cooling water treatment and electrochemical potential reversal that may
occur due to the cooling water temperatures which are usual in engines
nowadays. If necessary, the pipes must be deplated.

Slushing oil
This additive is an emulsifiable mineral oil with added slushing ingredients. A
thin film of oil forms on the walls of the cooling system. This prevents corro-
sion without interfering with heat transfer, and also prevents limescale depos-
its on the walls of the cooling system.
The significance of emulsifiable corrosion-slushing oils is fading. Oil-based
emulsions are rarely used nowadays for environmental protection reasons
and also because stability problems are known to occur in emulsions.

Anti-freeze agents
If temperatures below the freezing point of water in the engine cannot be
excluded, an anti-freeze solution that also prevents corrosion must be added
to the cooling system or corresponding parts. Otherwise, the entire system
must be heated.
Engine cooling water specifications
Sufficient corrosion protection can be provided by adding the products listed
in the table entitled „Anti-freeze solutions with slushing properties“ (Military
specification: Sy-7025) while observing the prescribed minimum concentra-
tion. This concentration prevents freezing at temperatures down to -22 °C
and provides sufficient corrosion protection. However, the quantity of anti-
freeze solution actually required always depends on the lowest temperatures
that are to be expected at the place of use.
Anti-freezes are generally based on ethylene glycol. A suitable chemical anti-
corrosive agent must be added if the concentration of the anti-freeze solution
2013-06-20 - de

prescribed by the user for a specific application does not provide an appro-
priate level of corrosion protection, or if the concentration of anti-freeze solu-
tion used is lower due to less stringent frost protection requirements and
does not provide an appropriate level of corrosion protection. Considering
General

that anti-freeze agents listed in the table „Anti-freeze solutions with slushing

D010.000.023-13-0001 EN 3 (7)
 010.000.023-13

properties“ also contain corrosion inhibitors and their compatibility with other
anticorrosive agents is generally not given, only pure glycol may be used as
D010.000.023-13-0001

anti-freeze agent in such cases.

Simultaneous use of anticorrosive agent from the table „Chemical additives –
nitrite free” together with glycol is not permitted, because monitoring the anti-
corrosive agent concentration in this mixture is not more possible.
Anti-freeze solutions may only be mixed with one another with the consent of
the manufacturer, even if these solutions have the same composition.
Before an anti-freeze solution is used, the cooling system must be thoroughly
cleaned.
If the cooling water contains an emulsifiable slushing oil, anti-freeze solution
must not be added as otherwise the emulsion would break up and oil sludge
would form in the cooling system.

Biocides
If you cannot avoid using a biocide because the cooling water has been con-
taminated by bacteria, observe the following steps:
▪ You must ensure that the biocide to be used is suitable for the specific
application.
▪ The biocide must be compatible with the sealing materials used in the
cooling water system and must not react with these.
▪ The biocide and its decomposition products must not contain corrosion-
promoting components. Biocides whose decomposition products con-
tain chloride or sulphate ions are not permitted.
▪ Biocides that cause foaming of cooling water are not permitted.

Prerequisite for effective use of an anticorrosive agent

Clean cooling system

As contamination significantly reduces the effectiveness of the additive, the
tanks, pipes, coolers and other parts outside the engine must be free of rust
and other deposits before the engine is started up for the first time and after
repairs of the pipe system. The entire system must therefore be cleaned with
the engine switched off using a suitable cleaning agent (see 010.005 Engine
– Work Instructions 010.000.001-01.010.000.002-04).
Engine cooling water specifications

Loose solid matter in particular must be removed by flushing the system

thoroughly as otherwise erosion may occur in locations where the flow veloc-
ity is high.
The cleaning agents must not corrode the seals and materials of the cooling
system. In most cases, the supplier of the cooling water additive will be able
to carry out this work and, if this is not possible, will at least be able to pro-
vide suitable products to do this. If this work is carried out by the engine
operator, he should use the services of a specialist supplier of cleaning
agents. The cooling system must be flushed thoroughly after cleaning. Once
2013-06-20 - de

this has been done, the engine cooling water must be immediately treated
with anticorrosive agent. Once the engine has been brought back into opera-
tion, the cleaned system must be checked for leaks.
General

4 (7) D010.000.023-13-0001 EN
 010.000.023-13

Regular checks of the cooling water condition and cooling water

D010.000.023-13-0001
system
Treated cooling water may become contaminated when the engine is in
operation, which causes the additive to loose some of its effectiveness. It is
therefore advisable to regularly check the cooling system and the cooling
water condition. To determine leakages in the lube oil system, it is advisable
to carry out regular checks of water in the compensating tank. Indications of
oil content in water are, e.g. discoloration or a visible oil film on the surface of
the water sample.
The additive concentration must be checked at least once a week using the
test kits specified by the manufacturer. The results must be documented.

Concentrations of chemical additives

The chemical additive concentrations shall not be less than the
minimum concentrations indicated in the table „Nitrite-containing
chemical additives“.

Excessively low concentrations can promote corrosion and must be avoided.

If the concentration is slightly above the recommended concentration this will
not result in damage. Concentrations that are more than twice the recom-
mended concentration should be avoided.
Every 2 to 6 months send a cooling water sample to an independent labora-
tory or to the engine manufacturer for integrated analysis.
Emulsifiable anticorrosive agents must generally be replaced after abt. 12
months according to the supplier's instructions. When carrying this out, the
entire cooling system must be flushed and, if necessary, cleaned. Once filled
into the system, fresh water must be treated immediately.
If chemical additives or anti-freeze solutions are used, cooling water should
be replaced after 3 years at the latest.
If there is a high concentration of solids (rust) in the system, the water must
be completely replaced and entire system carefully cleaned.
Deposits in the cooling system may be caused by fluids that enter the cool-
ing water, or the break up of emulsion, corrosion in the system and limescale
deposits if the water is very hard. If the concentration of chloride ions has
Engine cooling water specifications
increased, this generally indicates that seawater has entered the system. The
maximum specified concentration of 50 mg chloride ions per kg must not be
exceeded as otherwise the risk of corrosion is too high. If exhaust gas enters
the cooling water, this may lead to a sudden drop in the pH value or to an
increase in the sulphate content.
Water losses must be compensated for by filling with untreated water that
meets the quality requirements specified in the section Requirements. The
concentration of the anticorrosive agent must subsequently be checked and
adjusted if necessary.
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Subsequent checks of cooling water are especially required if the cooling

water had to be drained off in order to carry out repairs or maintenance.
General

D010.000.023-13-0001 EN 5 (7)
 010.000.023-13
D010.000.023-13-0001

Protective measures
Anticorrosive agents contain chemical compounds that can pose a risk to
health or the environment if incorrectly used. Comply with the directions in
the manufacturer's material safety data sheets.
Avoid prolonged direct contact with the skin. Wash hands thoroughly after
use. If larger quantities spray and/or soak into clothing, remove and wash
clothing before wearing it again.
If chemicals come into contact with your eyes, rinse them immediately with
plenty of water and seek medical advice.
Anticorrosive agents are generally harmful to the water cycle. Observe the
relevant statutory requirements for disposal.

Auxiliary engines
If the same cooling water system used in a MAN Diesel & Turbo two-stroke
main engine is used in a marine engine of type 16/24, 21/ 31, 23/30H, 27/38
or 28/32H, the cooling water recommendations for the main engine must be
observed.

Analysis
We analyse cooling water for our customers in our chemical laboratory. A 0.5
l sample is required for the test.

Permissible cooling water additives

Nitrite-containing chemical additives

Manufacturer Product designation Initial dosing for Minimum concentration ppm
1,000 litres
Product Nitrite Na-Nitrite
(NO2) (NaNO2)

Drew Marine Liquidewt 15 l 15,000 700 1,050

Maxigard 40 l 40,000 1,330 2,000
Wilhelmsen (Unitor) Rocor NB Liquid 21.5 l 21,500 2,400 3,600
Dieselguard 4.8 kg 4,800 2,400 3,600
Engine cooling water specifications

Nalfleet Marine Nalfleet EWT Liq 3l 3,000 1,000 1,500

(9-108)
Nalfleet EWT 9-111 10 l 10,000 1,000 1,500
Nalcool 2000 30 l 30,000 1,000 1,500
Nalco Nalcool 2000 30 l 30,000 1,000 1,500
TRAC 102 30 l 30,000 1,000 1,500
TRAC 118 3l 3,000 1,000 1,500
Maritech AB Marisol CW 12 l 12,000 2,000 3,000
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Uniservice, Italy N.C.L.T. 12 l 12,000 2,000 3,000

Colorcooling 24 l 24,000 2,000 3,000
Marichem – Marigases D.C.W.T. - 48 l 48,000 2,400 -
Non-Chromate
General

6 (7) D010.000.023-13-0001 EN
 010.000.023-13

Manufacturer Product designation Initial dosing for Minimum concentration ppm

D010.000.023-13-0001
1,000 litres
Product Nitrite Na-Nitrite
(NO2) (NaNO2)

Marine Care Caretreat 2 16 l 16,000 4,000 6,000

Vecom Cool Treat NCLT 16 l 16,000 4,000 6,000
Table 2: Nitrite-containing chemical additives

Nitrite-free additives (chemical additives)

Manufacturer Product designation Initial dosing Minimum concentration
for 1,000 litres
Arteco Havoline XLI 75 l 7.5 %
Total WT Supra 75 l 7.5 %
Q8 Oils Q8 Corrosion Inhibitor 75 l 7.5 %
Long-Life
Table 3: Chemical additives - nitrite free

Emulsifiable slushing oils

Manufacturer Product
(designation)
BP Diatsol M
Fedaro M
Castrol Solvex WT 3
Shell Oil 9156
Table 4: Emulsifiable slushing oils

Anti-freeze solutions with slushing properties

Manufacturer Product designation Minimum concentration
BASF Glysantin G 48
Glysantin 9313
Glysantin G 05
Castrol Radicool NF, SF
Engine cooling water specifications
Shell Glycoshell 35%

Mobil Frostschutz 500

Arteco Havoline XLC
Total Glacelf Auto Supra
Total Organifreeze
Table 5: Anti-freeze solutions with slushing properties
2013-06-20 - de

General

D010.000.023-13-0001 EN 7 (7)
 010.000.002-03

Cooling water

M010.000.002-03-0001
inspecting
Summary
Acquire and check typical values of the operating media to prevent or limit
damage.
The fresh water used to fill the cooling water circuits must satisfy the specifi-
cations. The cooling water in the system must be checked regularly in
accordance with the maintenance schedule.
The following work/steps is/are necessary:
Acquisition of typical values for the operating fluid,
evaluation of the operating fluid and checking the concentration of the anti-
corrosive agent.

Tools/equipment required
Equipment for checking the The following equipment can be used:
fresh water quality ▪ The MAN Diesel & Turbo water testing kit, or similar testing kit, with all
necessary instruments and chemicals that determine the water hardness,
pH value and chloride content (obtainable from MAN Diesel & Turbo or
Mar-Tec Marine, Hamburg)
Equipment for testing the When using chemical additives:
concentration of additives ▪ Testing equipment in accordance with the supplier's recommendations.
Testing kits from the supplier also include equipment that can be used to
determine the fresh water quality.

Testing the typical values of water

Short specification
Typical value/property Water for filling Circulating water
and refilling (without additive) (with additive)
Water type Fresh water, free of foreign matter Treated cooling water
Total hardness ≤ 10°dGH 1) ≤ 10°dGH 1)
pH value 6.5 - 8 at 20 °C ≥ 7.5 at 20 °C
Chloride ion content ≤ 50 mg/l ≤ 50 mg/l 2)
Table 1: Quality specifications for cooling water (abbreviated version)
1)
dGH German hardness
1°dGh = 10 mg/l CaO
= 17.9 mg/l CaCO3
= 0.179 mmol/L
2)
1mg/l = 1 ppm
2013-04-11 - de

Cooling water
General

M010.000.002-03-0001 EN 1 (2)
 010.000.002-03
M010.000.002-03-0001

Testing the concentration of rust inhibitors

Brief specification
Anticorrosive agent Concentration
Chemical additives in accordance with quality specification in Volume 010.005 Engine – operating manual
010.000.023-14
Anti-freeze agents in accordance with quality specification in Volume 010.005 Engine – operating manual
010.000.023-14
Table 2: Concentration of the cooling water additive
Testing the concentration of The concentration should be tested every week, and/or according to the
chemical additives maintenance schedule, using the testing instruments, reagents and instruc-
tions of the relevant supplier.
Chemical slushing oils can only provide effective protection if the right con-
centration is precisely maintained. This is why the concentrations recommen-
ded by MAN Diesel & Turbo (quality specifications in Volume 010.005 Engine
– operating manual 010.000.023-14) must be complied with in all cases.
These recommended concentrations may be other than those specified by
the manufacturer.
Testing the concentration of The concentration must be checked in accordance with the manufacturer's
anti-freeze agents instructions or the test can be outsourced to a suitable laboratory. If in
doubt, consult MAN Diesel & Turbo.
Testing We can analyse fuel for customers at our laboratory (PrimeServ Lab).

2013-04-11 - de
Cooling water
General

2 (2) M010.000.002-03-0001 EN
 MAN Diesel & Turbo 010.000.002-04

Cooling water system

M010.000.002-04-0001
Summary
Remove contamination/residue from operating fluid systems, ensure/re-
establish operating reliability.
Cooling water systems containing deposits or contamination prevent effec-
tive cooling of parts. Contamination and deposits must be regularly elimina-
ted.
This comprises the following:
Cleaning the system and, if required,
removal of limescale deposits,
flushing the system.

Cleaning
The cooling water system must be checked for contamination at regular
intervals. Cleaning is required if the degree of contamination is high. This
work should ideally be carried out by a specialist who can provide the right
cleaning agents for the type of deposits and materials in the cooling circuit.
The cleaning should only be carried out by the engine operator if this cannot
be done by a specialist.
Oil sludge Oil sludge from lubricating oil that has entered the cooling system or a high
concentration of anticorrosive agents can be removed by flushing the system
with fresh water to which some cleaning agent has been added. Suitable
cleaning agents are listed alphabetically in the table entitled "Cleaning agents
for removing oil sludge". Products by other manufacturers can be used pro-
viding they have similar properties. The manufacturer's instructions for use
must be strictly observed.
Manufacturer Product Concentration Duration of cleaning procedure/temperature
Drew HDE - 777 4 - 5% 4 h at 50 – 60 °C
Nalfleet MaxiClean 2 2 - 5% 4 h at 60 °C
Unitor Aquabreak 0.05 – 0.5% 4 h at ambient temperature
Vecom Ultrasonic 4% 12 h at 50 – 60 °C
Multi Cleaner
Table 1: Cleaning agents for removing oil sludge
Lime and rust deposits Lime and rust deposits can form if the water is especially hard or if the con-
centration of the anticorrosive agent is too low. A thin lime scale layer can be
left on the surface as experience has shown that this protects against corro-
sion. However, limescale deposits with a thickness of more than 0.5 mm
obstruct the transfer of heat and cause thermal overloading of the compo-
Cooling water system

nents being cooled.

Rust that has been flushed out may have an abrasive effect on other parts of
the system, such as the sealing elements of the water pumps. Together with
2012-08-20 - de

the elements that are responsible for water hardness, this forms what is
known as ferrous sludge which tends to gather in areas where the flow
velocity is low.
General

Products that remove limescale deposits are generally suitable for removing
rust. Suitable cleaning agents are listed alphabetically in the table entitled
"Cleaning agents for removing lime scale and rust deposits". Products by

M010.000.002-04-0001 EN 1 (3)
 010.000.002-04 MAN Diesel & Turbo

other manufacturers can be used providing they have similar properties. The
manufacturer's instructions for use must be strictly observed. Prior to clean-
M010.000.002-04-0001

ing, check whether the cleaning agent is suitable for the materials to be
cleaned. The products listed in the table entitled "Cleaning agents for remov-
ing lime scale and rust deposits" are also suitable for stainless steel.
Manufacturer Product Concentration Duration of cleaning procedure/temperature
Drew SAF-Acid 5 - 10% 4 h at 60 - 70 °C
Descale-IT 5 - 10% 4 h at 60 - 70 °C
Ferroclean 10% 4 - 24 h at 60 - 70 °C
Nalfleet Nalfleet 9 - 068 5% 4 h at 60 – 75 ℃
Unitor Descalex 5 - 10% 4 - 6 h at approx. 60 °C
Vecom Descalant F 3 – 10% Approx. 4 h at 50 – 60°C
Table 2: Cleaning agents for removing limescale and rust deposits
In emergencies only Hydrochloric acid diluted in water or aminosulphonic acid may only be used
in exceptional cases if a special cleaning agent that removes limescale
deposits without causing problems is not available. Observe the following
during application:
▪ Stainless steel heat exchangers must never be treated using diluted
hydrochloric acid.
▪ Cooling systems containing non-ferrous metals (aluminium, red bronze,
brass, etc.) must be treated with deactivated aminosulphonic acid. This
acid should be added to water in a concentration of 3 - 5 %. The tem-
perature of the solution should be 40 - 50 °C.
▪ Diluted hydrochloric acid may only be used to clean steel pipes. If hydro-
chloric acid is used as the cleaning agent, there is always a danger that
acid will remain in the system, even when the system has been neutral-
ised and flushed. This residual acid promotes pitting. We therefore rec-
ommend you have the cleaning carried out by a specialist.
The carbon dioxide bubbles that form when limescale deposits are dissolved
can prevent the cleaning agent from reaching boiler scale. It is therefore
absolutely necessary to circulate the water with the cleaning agent to flush
away the gas bubbles and allow them to escape. The length of the cleaning
process depends on the thickness and composition of the deposits. Values
are provided for orientation in the table entitled "Detergents for removing lime
scale and rust deposits“.
Following cleaning The cooling system must be flushed several times once it has been cleaned
using cleaning agents. Replace the water during this process. If acids are
used to carry out the cleaning, neutralise the cooling system afterwards with
suitable chemicals then flush. The system can then be refilled with water that
has been prepared accordingly.
Cooling water system

Only carry out the cleaning operation once the engine has
cooled down
Start the cleaning operation only when the engine has cooled down.
2012-08-20 - de

Hot engine components must not come into contact with cold water.
Open the venting pipes before refilling the cooling water system.
Blocked venting pipes prevent air from escaping which can lead to
thermal overloading of the engine.
General

2 (3) M010.000.002-04-0001 EN
 MAN Diesel & Turbo 010.000.002-04

Cleaning products can cause damage

M010.000.002-04-0001
The products to be used can endanger health and may be harmful to
the environment.
Follow the manufacturer's handling instructions without fail.

The applicable regulations governing the disposal of cleaning agents or acids

must be observed.

Cooling water system

2012-08-20 - de

General

M010.000.002-04-0001 EN 3 (3)
 MAN Diesel

1699250-5.0 Quality of Raw-water in Cooling Tower Operation

Page 1 (2) (additive and circulating water) B 13 00 0

General

This guideline specifies the basic demands made Additive water

on cooling water for cooling tower operation. Should
the cooling tower manufacturer make further de- The system water losses caused by blowing down,
mands on the water quality, these requirements evaporation or leakages must be replaced by con-
must, by all means, be observed. tinuous additive water topping during operation.
The required amount of additive water depends on
Moreover, it must be taken into consideration that the quality of the additive water and the climatic site
additional demands will be made on the water qual- conditions.
ity depending on the material of the coolers, which
are applied with water. Additional requirements for Certain demands have to be made on the additive
the cooling water made by the cooler manufacturer water quality, which is based on the requirements
must also be observed. for circulating water taking the concentration de-
gree into consideration. If the required water qual-
ity cannot be achieved, the water has to be treated
General chemically (e.g. softening or hardness stabilisation)
or mechanically, if necessary. Otherwise
The raw water system with cooling tower re-cooling
concerns an open circulation system, which dissi- • deposits due to precipitation of hardly soluble
pates the heat absorbed from the water by evapora- salts,
tion into the cooling tower. This results at the same • sediments of disperse solid substances,
time in a continuous water loss due to evaporation. • corrosion,
In order to restrict the incurring salt concentration, a • growth of micro organisms
certain water amount must permanently be topped
as additive water. are to be expected.

Water losses due to evaporation and blowing down The cooling tower should, at least, be run with a
(depending on the additive water quality) may concentration by factor 2. Higher concentrations
amount up to 3 % of the circulating water quantity. are, in general, more economic. In order to permit
this, the content of substances must not exceed half
of the amount of the contents permitted for circulat-
Blowing down ing water. For the absolute minimum requirements,
please see Table 1.
An increasing evaporation loss results in a higher
concentration of the salts and the suspended sub-
stances in the water and, therefore, in an increas- Water treatment
ing tendency to corrosion and the formation of
deposits in the system. In addition, the raw water Depending on the water quality, various treatment
absorbs impurities from the ambient air. Deposits processes come into consideration:
have a negative effect on the heat dissipation in the
coolers and the control system function. • Decarbonisation, acid injection
08028-0D/H5250/94.08.12

• Desalinisation
In order to avoid excessive concentration, a part of • Cooling water conditioning (chemical treatment).
the thickened circulating water must be removed
from the circuit and be replaced by less concen- By using special chemicals, so-called stabilisers
trated additive water. Blowing down has a regulat- and conditioners, deposits and corrosion in the cool-
ing effect on the concentration constituents of the ing water circuit can largely be controlled. These
circulating water. The amount of the water to be ex- means permit operation at increased concentration
changed depends on the water quality and has to and, therefore, a reduction of the required additive
be chosen as to ensure constant compliance with water.
the limit values specified for the circulating water
(see Table 1). When using chemical additives for cooling water
conditioning, the cooling tower manufacturer is to
be contacted.
08.44
MAN Diesel
Quality of Raw-water in Cooling Tower Operation 1699250-5.0
B 13 00 0 (additive and circulating water) Page 2 (2)

General

Quality guidelines for circulating and additive Monitoring of the water quality
water
pH Value, water hardness and conductivity of the
circulating water should, at least, be measured
Circulating every 2 weeks. Based on the conductivity, it can be
Additive water 1)
water checked whether the prescribed concentration fac-
tor is kept. Regular checks must include the values
Colourless, Colourless,
stated in Table 1.
Appearance clear, no clear, no
sediments sediments

pH value 2) 7.5 - 8.5 - Utilisation of biocides

Intensive venting of the water in the cooling tower

Total salt content < 2,500 ppm < 1,250 ppm and insulation will, above all, during the warm sea-
son, cause algeas and microorganisms, which clog
Conductivity < 3,000 μS/cm - the cooling system, support corrosion and clearly
reduce the cooling efficiency.
Calcium > 20 ppm > 10 ppm
Growth by algeas, shells and bacteria colonies
Carbonate must, therefore, be eliminated by vaccination with
< 4 ûdH < 2 üdH chlorine or effective biocides.
hardness without
< 71 ppm < 35 ppm
hardness
CaCO3 CaCO3
stabilation The selection and application of biocides depends
Carbonate on the occurring microorganisms. Close coopera-
< 20 üdH < 10 üdH tion with the manufacturer, resp. supplier, would be
hardness with
< 356 ppm < 178 ppm recommendable as they dispose of suitable test
hardness
CaCO3 CaCO3
stabilisation processes for micro organism detection as well as
the necessary experience.
Chloride < 200 ppm < 100 ppm
Environmental protection, safety
Sulphate < 300 ppm < 150 ppm
The locally applicable environmental requirements
KMnO4 are, in cooling tower operation, to be taken into
< 100 g/m3 - consideration for the discharge of blow-down wa-
consumption
ter and disposal of the substances (hardness sta-
Germ number < 10,000 /ml -
bilisers, biocides, corrosion inhibitors, dispersants)
used for cooling water treatment.
Table 1 Quality guidelines for circulating and
additive water When using chemical additives, the safety regula-
tions of the manufactures must, by all means, be
08028-0D/H5250/94.08.12

1)
observed.
Minimum requirements in the case of contration factor
2. At a higher concentration the values are accordingly
lower.

2)
When using chemical additives, the pH values may be
located outside the specified range.

08.44
 MAN Diesel

1699251-7.0
Page 1 (3)
Quality of Water used in Exhaust Gas Boiler Plants B 13 00 0

General

Conditions
Low-salt or
Saltless feed
salt-laden
Like fuel, lube oil and engine cooling water, water water
feed water
for exhaust gas boiler plants is a consumable, which
has carefully to be chosen, treated and supervised. pH value at 25 °C >9 >9
In the case of improper water maintenance, corro-
sion and deposits may form up in the water. Depos- < 0.06 ûdH
its will on their part again result in corrosion and Hardness resp.
have an adverse effect on heat transfer. < 0.01 mmol/l

Any additional requirements for water quality speci- Conductivity at

< 0.2 μS/cm 1)
25 °C
fied in the boiler manufacturer's manual have to be
taken into consideration.
Oxygen content < 0.1 mg/l < 0.02 mg/l

Table 1 Requirements for feed water in exhaust gas

Applications boilers

Two different systems are used:

1)
After strongly acid sample drawing cation exchanger
• Exhaust gas boiler plants generate steam, which
is used as heat transfer agent in other systems.

• With regard to steam turbines, steam generated

Low-salt or
by means of the exhaust gas temperature is used Saltless
salt-laden
for energy production. circulating
circulating
water
water
Separate demands made on feed and circulating
water are valid for both application cases. pH value at 25 °C 9.5 - 10.5 10.5 - 12

Conductivity at
Exhaust gas boiler without steam turbine < 50μS/cm < 5000μS/cm
25 °C

The quality requirements for feed and circulating

Acid capacity up
water comply with TRD 611 (Technische Regeln für 1 - 12 mmol/l
to pH 8.2
Dampfkessel = technical rules for steam boilers).
Low-salt and salt-laden feed water can be used if Table 2 Requirements for circulating water in
the specifications in Table 1, are kept. The utilisa- exhaust gas boiler
tion of the salt-free feed water is possible, but not
necessary. When using saltless feed water, corre-
sponding limit values are valid for circulating water. Exhaust gas boiler with steam turbine
08028-0D/H5250/94.08.12

Only saltless feed water, which complies with the

requirements according to Table 3, may be used
for steam turbines.

08.44
MAN Diesel

1699251-7.0
B 13 00 0 Quality of Water used in Exhaust Gas Boiler Plants Page 2 (3)

General

Treatment
Saltfree feed water
The feed water has to be treated with suitable
chemicals. If an exhaust gas boiler without turbine
pH value at 25 °C >9
is used, the conditioning agent must contain the fol-
lowing products:
Conductivity at 25 °C < 0.2 μS/cm1)
• Residue softener

Oxygen content < 0.1 mg/l • Oxygen binder

• Alkalising medium
Iron, total Fe < 0.03 mg/l
• Steam-volatile alkalising medium for corrosion
protection in the condensate system (not compul-
Copper, total Cu < 0.005 mg/l sorily required in the case of saltless feed water)

• Possible dispersing agent (in particular, if depos-

Silicic acid, SiO2 < 0.02 mg/l its already exist in the boiler system).
Table 3 Requirements for feed water in steam
MAN Diesel recommends using combination prod-
turbines
ucts. This simplifies the treatment and ensures that
all vital points concerning water treatment are taken
1)
After strongly acid sample drawing cation exchanger into consideration.

During the warranty period and in the case of exist-

ing maintenance contracts, only the products men-
tioned in Table 5, are to be used.
Saltfree circulating water

pH value at 25 °C 9.5 - 10.5

Producer Product
Conductivity at 25 °C < 3 μS/cm

DREW Advantage 121 M

Silicic acid, SiO2 < 4 mg/l

Table 4 Requirements for circulating water in Nalco Nalco 72400

steam turbines
08028-0D/H5250/94.08.12

Unitor Liquitreat + Condensate Control

Table 5 Combination products for treatment of the

feed water in exhaust gas boilers without
steam turbine

08.44
 MAN Diesel

1699251-7.0
Page 3 (3)
Quality of Water used in Exhaust Gas Boiler Plants B 13 00 0

General

It is expressly pointed out that warranty for the The following values of the boiler water are to be
products used has to be taken over by the product checked and documented regularly:
manufacturer.
• pH Value, daily
The recommendations of the turbine manufacturer • Conductivity, daily
are to be taken into consideration for the treatment • Hardness, daily
of water used in steam turbines. General recom- • Iron content
mendations can, in this case, not be given. • Acid capacity of up to pH 8.2 (pH value).
• Additive concentration (according to manufactur-
er specifications)
Water maintenance
The following values of the condensate are to be
The following values of the feed water are to be checked and documented regularly:
checked and documented regularly:
• pH Value, daily
• pH Value, daily • Conductivity, daily
• Conductivity, daily • Hardness
• Hardness, daily • Iron content
• Oxygen content, resp. surplus at oxygen binder, • Additive concentration (according to manufactur-
daily er specifications).
• Concentration of additives (according to manu-
facturer specifications)
• Iron content Cleaning of the exhaust gas boiler
• Acid capacity of up to pH 8.2 (pH value)
Cleaning at the exhaust gas side is carried out with
With regard to steam turbines, the following has, in steam or water, by means of the corresponding
addition, to be checked weekly: devices. In the case of water cleaning, special re-
quirements are not to be observed, with the excep-
• Copper content, silicic acid tion that sea or brackish water must not be used.

Correct maintenance provided, water cleaning is

not necessary. Should cleaning prove to be neces-
sary, a suitable company has to be engaged, which
is able to carry out professional cleaning.
08028-0D/H5250/94.08.12

08.44
 MAN Diesel & Turbo 010.000.023-16

Water specification for fuel-water emulsions

Water specification for fuel-water emulsions

Prerequisites
The water used for the fuel-water emulsion is an operating fluid that must be
carefully selected, processed (if necessary) and monitored. If this is not done,
deposits, corrosion, erosion and cavitation may occur on the fuel system
components that come into contact with the fuel-water emulsion.

Specifications
Limit values The characteristic values of the water used must be within the following limit
values:
Properties/ Characteristic value Unit
Characteristic
Water type Distillate or fresh water, free of foreign matter. -
Total hardness max. 10 ºdH*
pH value 6.5 - 8 -
Chloride ion content max. 50 mg/l
Table 1: Fuel-water emulsion - characteristic values to be observed

*) 1º dH (German hard- ≙ 10 mg CaO ≙ 17.9 mg CaCO3/l

ness) in 1 litre of water
≙ 0.357 mval/l ≙ 0.179 mmol/l

Testing instruments The MAN Diesel water testing kit contains instruments that allow the water
characteristics referred to above (and others) to be easily determined.

Additional information
Distillate If distillate (e.g. from the fresh water generator) or fully desalinated water (ion
exchanger) is available, this should ideally be used for the fuel-water emul-
sion. These types of water are free of lime and salts.
Hardness The total hardness of the water is the combined effect of the temporary and
permanent hardness. It is largely determined by the calcium and magnesium
salts. The temporary hardness depends on the hydrocarbonate content in Water specification for fuel-water emulsions
the calcium and magnesium salts. The lasting (permanent) hardness is deter-
mined by the remaining calcium and magnesium salts (sulphates).
Water with hardness greater than 10°dH (German total hardness) must be
blended or softened with distillate. It is not necessary to increase the hard-
ness of extremely soft water.

Treatment with anticorrosive agents not required

Treatment with anticorrosive agents is not required and must be
omitted.
2012-08-20 - de

General

D010.000.023-16-0001 EN 1 (1)
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1613545-8.5
Page 1 (2) Design data for the external cooling water system B 13 00 0

L28/32H, L28/32DF

General FW SW
This data sheet contains data regarding the neces- Differential pressure 1-2.5 bar 1-2.5 bar
sary information for dimensioning of auxiliary machi-
Working temperature max. 90°C max. 50°C
nery in the external cooling water system for the
L28/32H type engine(s).The stated data are for one
engine only and are specified at MCR. Operating pressures
For heat dissipation and pump capacities see D 10 HT cooling water before cylinder (incl. built-on
05 0 "List of Capacities". Set points and operating pumps):
levels for temperature and pressure are stated in B
19 00 0 "Operating Data and Set Points". Min. 2.0 bar
Max. 4.0 bar

External pipe velocities

Expansion tank
For external pipe connections we prescribe the fol-
lowing maximum water velocities: To provide against changes in volume in the closed
jacket water cooling system caused by changes in
Fresh water : 3.0 m/s temperature or leakage, an expansion tank must be
Sea water : 3.0 m/s installed.
As the expansion tank also provides a certain suc-
Pressure drop across engine tion head for the fresh water pump to prevent cava-
The pressure drop across the engines HT system, tion, the lowest water level in the tank should be
exclusive pump and thermostatic valve, is approx. minimum 8-10 m above the centerlinie of the crank-
0.5 bar. shaft.
The venting pipe must be made with continuous
Lubricating oil cooler upward slope of minimum 5°, even when the ship
heel or trim (static inclination).
The pressure drop of cooling water across the built-
on lub. oil cooler is approx. 0.3 bar; the pressure The venting pipe must be connected to the expan-
drop may be different depending on the actual sion tank below the minimum water level; this pre-
cooler design. vents oxydation of the cooling water caused by
"splashing" from the venting pipe. The expansion
tank should be equipped with venting pipe and
Thermostatic valve flange for filling of water and inhibitors.
The pressure drop across the built-on thermostatic Minimum recommended tank volume: 0.15 m³.
valve is approx. 0.5 bar. For multiplants the tank volume should be min.:
V = 0.15 + (exp. vol. per ekstra eng.) [m³]
Charge air cooler
The pressure drop of cooling water across the Data for external preheating system
charge air cooler is:
The capacity of the external preheater should be
∆P = V² x K [Bar] 1.7-2.0 kW/cyl. The flow through the engine should
V = Cooling water flow in m³/h for each cylinder be approx. 2.2 l/min with flow from
top and downwards and 15 l/min with flow from
K = Constant, see B 15 00 0, Charge Air Cooler
bottom and upwards. See also table 1 below.

Pumps
The cooling water pumps should be of the centrifu-
gal type.

2010.08.30
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
1613545-8.5
B 13 00 0 Design data for the external cooling water system Page 2 (2)

L28/32H, L28/32DF

Cyl. No. 5 6 7 8 9
Quantity of water in eng:
HT-system (litre) 500 600 700 800 900
LT-system (litre) 89 93 97 101 105
Expansion vol. (litre) 28 33 39 44 50
Preheating data:
Radiation area (m2) 24.9 28.5 32.1 35.7 39.3
Thermal coeff. (kJ/°C) 5460 6552 7644 8736 9828
Table 1: Showing cooling water data which are depending on
the number of cylinders.

2010.08.30
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1613419-0.4
Page 1 (1) Expansion tank B 13 00 0

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF

General
To provide for changes in volume in the closed jacket water cooling system caused by changes in temperature
or leakage, an expansion tank must be installed.
As the expansion tank also should provide a certain suction head for the fresh water pump to prevent cavita-
tion, the lowest water level in the tank should be minimum 8-10 m above the centerline of the crankshaft.
The venting pipe must be connected to the expansion tank below the minimum water level; this prevents oxy-
dation of the cooling water caused by "splashing" from the venting pipe. The expansion tank should be equip-
ped with venting pipe and flange for filling of water and inhibitors.

Volume
Engine type Expansion volume litre* Recommended tank volume m3**
5L23/30H 11 0.1
6L23/30H 13 0.1
7L23/30H 15 0.1
8L23/30H 17 0.1
5L28/32H 28 0.15
6L28/32H 33 0.15
7L28/32H 39 0.15
8L28/32H 44 0.15
9L28/32H 50 0.15
5L28/32DF 28 0.15
6L28/32DF 33 0.15
7L28/32DF 39 0.15
8L28/32DF 44 0.15
9L28/32DF 50 0.15
12V28/32S 66 0.3
16V28/32S 88 0.3
18V28/32S 99 0.3
5L16/24 4 0.1
6L16/24 5 0.1
7L16/24 5 0.1
8L16/24 5 0.1
9L16/24 6 0.1
5L21/31 6 0.1
6L21/31 7 0.1
7L21/31 8 0.1
8L21/31 9 0.1
9L21/31 10 0.1
5L27/38 10 0.15
6L27/38 12 0.15
7L27/38 13 0.15
8L27/38 15 0.15
9L27/38 20 0.15
6L32/40 13 0.5
7L32/40 15 0.5
8L32/40 18 0.5
9L32/40 20 0.5

Table 1: Expansion volume for cooling water system and recommended volume of expansion tank.
* Per engine
** Common expansion tank

2013.04.15.
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1613487-1.4
Page 1 (1) Preheater arrangement in high temperature system B 13 23 1

L28/32H, L28/32DF

General
The built-on cooling water preheating arrangement
consist of a thermostat-controlled el-preheating ele-
ment built into the outlet pipe for the HT cooling
water on the engine's front end. The pipe dimen-
sion has been increased in the piping section where
the heating element is mounted.
Cyl. No. Preheater
3x400V/3x440V
kW
5 1 x 12.0
6 1 x 12.0
7 1 x 15.0
8 1 x 15.0
9 1 x 15.0

The system is based on thermo-syphon cooling and

reverse water direction, i.e. from top and down-
ward, and an optimal heat distribution in the engine
is thus reached.
When the engine is in standstill, an extern valve
must shut off the cooling water inlet.

Operation
Engines starting on HFO and engines in stand-by
position must be preheated. It is therefore rcom-
mended that the preheater is arranged for auto-
matic operation, so that the preheater is disconnec-
ted when the engine is running and connected
when the engine is in stand-by position. The ther-
mostat setpoint is adjusted to 70°C, that gives a
temperature of app. 50°C at the top cover. See also
E 19 13 0, High Temperature Preheater Control
Box.

2003.01.20
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1671771-3.4
Page 1 (2) Expansion tank pressurized T 13 01 1

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF

Description
Engine type Expansion volume Recommended tank volume
litre* m3**
5L23/30H 11 0.1
6L23/30H 13 0.1
7L23/30H 15 0.1
8L23/30H 17 0.1
5L28/32H 28 0.15
6L28/32H 33 0.15
7L28/32H 39 0.15
8L28/32H 44 0.15
9L28/32H 50 0.15
5L28/32DF 28 0.15
6L28/32DF 33 0.15
7L28/32DF 39 0.15
8L28/32DF 44 0.15
9L28/32DF 50 0.15
12V28/32S 66 0.3
16V28/32S 88 0.3
18V28/32S 99 0.3
5L16/24 4 0.1
6L16/24 5 0.1
7L16/24 5 0.1
8L16/24 5 0.1
9L16/24 6 0.1
5L21/31 6 0.1
6L21/31 7 0.1
7L21/31 8 0.1
8L21/31 9 0.1
9L21/31 10 0.1
5L27/38 10 0.15
6L27/38 12 0.15
7L27/38 13 0.15
8L27/38 15 0.15
9L27/38 20 0.15
6L32/40 13 0.5
7L32/40 15 0.5
8L32/40 18 0.5
9L32/40 20 0.5
* Per engine
** Common expansion tank

Table 1: Expansion volume for cooling water system and recommended volume of expansion tank.

2013.04.15.
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
1671771-3.4
T 13 01 1 Expansion tank pressurized Page 2 (2)

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF

Figure 1: Function of expansion tank.

▪ Water connection in the top ensures easy and

simple installation and control under operation.
▪ Cooling water is absorbed in a rubber bag
which is hanging in the all-welded vessel.
▪ Corrosion of the all-welded vessel is excluded.
▪ The rubber bag is replaceable.
The expansion vessel should be connected to the
system at a point close to the cooling water inlet
connections (G1 / F1) in order to maintain positive
pressures throughout the system and allow expan-
sion of the water.
The safety valves are fitted on the manifold.
The pressure gauge is fitted on the manifold in such
a position that it can be easily read from the filling
point.
The filling point should be near the pressure expan- 1 Pressure vessel 2 Exchangeable rubber bag
sion vessel. Particularly the pressure gauge in such 3 Safety valves 4 Automatic air venting valve
a position that the pressure gauge can be easily 5 Pressure gauge 6 Manifold
read from the filling point, when filling from the
mains water. 7 Threaded pipe 8 Elbow
9 Shutt-off valve
Automatic air venting valve should be fitted at the
highest point in the cooling water system.
Figure 2: Expansion tank

2013.04.15.
Compressed Air System

B 14
 MAN Diesel & Turbo 010.000.023-21

Specification for compressed air

D010.000.023-21-0001
General
For compressed air quality observe the ISO 8573-1:2010. Compressed air
must be free of solid particles and oil (acc. to the specification).

Requirements
Compressed air quality of Starting air must conform to the following quality acc. to the ISO
starting air system 8573-1:2010 as minimum.
Purity with respect to solid particles Quality class 6
Particle size > 40µm max. concentration < 5 mg/m3
Purity with respect to humidity Quality class 7
Residual water content < 5 mg/m3
Purity with respect to oil Quality class 5

Additional requirements are:

▪ The layout of the starting air system must prevent the initiation of corro-
sion.
▪ The starting air system starting air receivers must be equipped with devi-
ces for removing condensed water.
▪ The formation of a dangerous explosive mixture of compressed air and
lube oil must be prevented securely through the devices in the starting air
system and through system components maintenance.
Compressed air quality for Please remember that control air is used for activation of the engine safety
control air system functions, therefore the compressed air quality in this system is of great
importance.
Control air must conform to the following quality acc. to the ISO
8573-1:2010 as minimum.
▪ Purity with respect to solid parti- Quality class 5
cles
▪ Purity with respect to humidity Quality class 4
▪ Purity with respect to oil Quality class 3

For catalysts For catalysts, unless otherwise stated by relevant sources, the following
specifications are applicable:
Specification for compressed air

Compressed air quality for Starting air for soot blowing must conform to the following quality acc. to the
soot blowing ISO 8573-1:2010 as minimum.
▪ Purity with respect to solid parti- Quality class 2
cles
▪ Purity with respect to humidity Quality class 3
▪ Purity with respect to oil Quality class 2
2013-07-04 - de

Compressed air quality for Starting air for atomisation of reducing agents must conform to the following
atomisation of reducing quality acc. to the ISO 8573-1:2010 as minimum.
agents

D010.000.023-21-0001 EN 1 (2)
 010.000.023-21 MAN Diesel & Turbo

▪ Purity with respect to solid parti- Quality class 2

D010.000.023-21-0001

cles
▪ Purity with respect to humidity Quality class 3
▪ Purity with respect to oil Quality class 2

Clogging of catalyst
To prevent clogging of catalyst and catalyst lifetime shortening, the
compressed air specification must always be observed.
Specification for compressed air

2013-07-04 - de

2 (2) D010.000.023-21-0001 EN
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1613520-6.4
Page 1 (2) Compressed air system B 14 00 0

L28/32H

Compressed air system

Figure 1: Diagram for compressed air system.

Starting system
Pipe description The engine is started by means of a built-on air
starter, which is a turbine motor with gear box,
Pipe description
safety clutch and drive shaft with pinion. Further,
K1 Compressed air inlet DN 40 there is a main starting valve.
Table 1: Flange connections are standard according to DIN 2501
Control system
General The air starter is activated electrically with a pneu-
The compressed air system on the engine contains matic 3/2 way solenoid valve. The valve can be acti-
a starting system, starting control system and safety vated manually from the starting box on the engine,
system. Further, the system supplies air to the jet and it can be arranged for remote control, manual
system. or automatic.
The compressed air is supplied from the starting air For remote activation, the starting spool is connec-
receivers (30 bar) through a reduction station, from ted so that every starting signal to the starting spool
where compressed air at 7-9 bar is supplied to the goes through the safe start function, which is con-
engine. nected to the converter for engine rpm.
To avoid dirt particles in the internal system, a Further, the system is equipped with an emergency
strainer is mounted in the inlet line to the engine. starting valve which makes it possible to activate
the air starter manually in case of a power failure.

1999.08.23
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
1613520-6.4
B 14 00 0 Compressed air system Page 2 (2)

L28/32H

Safety system
As standard the engine is equipped with a pneu-
matic/mechanical overspeed device, which starts to
operate if the maximum permissible rpm is excee-
ded. This device is fitted to the end cover of the
engine driven lubricating pump and is driven from
the pump through a resilient coupling.
When the maximum permissible rpm is exceeded,
the overspeed device will activate a pneumatically
controlled stop cylinder, which will bring the fuel
index to zero and stop the engine.
A microswitch will be activated too and give a stop
signal to the safety system.

Pneumatic start sequence

When the starting valve is opened, air will be sup-
plied to the drive shaft housing of the air starter.
The air supply will - by activating a piston - bring the
drive pinion into engagement with the gear rim on
the engine flywheel.
When the pinion is fully engaged, the pilot air will
flow to, and open the main starting valve, whereby
air will be led to the air starter, which will start to
turn the engine.
When the rpm exceeds approx. 140, at which firing
has taken place, the starting valve is closed
whereby the air starter is disengaged.

Optionals
Besides the standard components, the following
standard optionals can be built-on:
▪ Main stop valve, inlet engine
Pressure transmitting:
▪ PT 70 Compressed air inlet
Position switching, stop:
▪ ZS75 Microswitch on flywheel

Data
For air consumption pr. start, see D 10 05 0 "List of
Capacities".
Operating levels and set points, see B 19 00 0,
"Operating Data and Set Points".

1999.08.23
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1631498-8.0
Page 1 (1) Compressed air system B 14 00 0

L23/30, L28/32H, V28/32S

Diagram

Figure 1: Diagram for compressed air system

▪ The starting air pipes should be mounted with a
Design of external system slope towards the receivers, preventing possi-
ble condensed water from running into the
An oil and water separator should be mounted in compressors.
the line between the compressor and the air receiv-
▪ Drain valves should be mounted at the lowest
ers, and the separator should be equipped with
position on the starting air pipes.
automatic drain facilities.

Air pressure
The air pressure in the receivers (30 bar) must be
reduced to the recommended starting pressure of
the engine, see B 19 00 0 " Operating Data and Set
Points". The reduction valves can either be moun-
ted on the engine (one for each engine) or they can
be mounted externally.
If the reduction valves are mounted in the external
system the max. pipe length between the valve and
connection K1 should be 5 meters.
Each engine needs only one connection for com-
pressed air, see the internal diagram B 14 00 0,
"Internal Compressed Air System".

Installation
In order to protect the engine's starting and control
equipment against condensation water, the follow-
ing should be observed:
▪ The air receiver(s) should always be installed
with good drainage facilities. Receiver(s)
arranged in horizontal position must be installed
with a slope downwards of min. 3°-5°.
▪ Pipes and components should always be trea-
ted with rust inhibitors.

1992.10.26
Combustion Air System

B 15
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1613523-1.4
Page 1 (2) Combustion air system B 15 00 0

L28/32H

General

Figure 1: Diagram for combustion air system.

Pipe description From the turbocharger the air is led via the charge
air cooler and charge air receiver to the inlet valves
M1 Charge air inlet
of each cylinder.
M6 Drain from charge air cooler outlet DN 15* The charge air cooler is a compact tube-type cooler
with a large cooling surface.
P2 Exhaust gas outlet **
The charge air receiver is integrated in the engine
P6 Drain from turbocharger outlet DN 15* frame on the exhaust side.
It is recommended to blow ventilation air in the level
P7 Water washing turbine side inlet 1/2" of the top of the engine(s) close to the air inlet of the
(Optional quick coupling) turbocharger, but not so close that sea water or
vapour may be drawn in. It is further recommended
P8 Water washing, compressor side 1/4"
with quick coupling inlet that there always is a positive air pressure in the
engine room.
Table 1: *Flange connections are standard according to DIN
2501. **See B 16 01 0 "Exhaust gas system" and B 16 02 0
"Position of gas outlet on turbocharger". Water mist catcher
The air intake to the turbochargers takes place At outlet charge air cooler the charge air is led
direct from the engine room through the intake through the water mist catcher. The water mist
silencer on the turbocharger. catcher prevents condensed water (one of the
major causes of cylinder wear) from entering the
combustion chamber.

1999.11.29
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
1613523-1.4
B 15 00 0 Combustion air system Page 2 (2)

L28/32H
▪ TE 31 Charge air, outlet from cooler
Turbocharger ▪ TE 60 Exhaust gas, outlet cylinder
The engine is as standard equipped with a high- ▪ TE 61 Exhaust gas, outlet turbocharger
effeciency MAN Diesel & Turbo NR/R turbocharger ▪ TE 62 Exhaust gas, inlet turbocharger
of the radial type, which is located on the front end
of the engine, mounted on the top plate of the Temperature indicating
charging air cooler housing. ▪ TI 60 Exhaust gas, outlet cylinder
▪ TI 61 Exhaust gas, outlet turbocharger
Cleaning of Turbocharger ▪ TI 62 Exhaust gas, inlet turbocharger
The turbocharger is fitted with an arrangement for
water washing of the turbine side, see B 16 01 1, Data
and water washing of the compressor side, see B
15 05 1. Soft blast cleaning on the turbine side can For charge air heat dissipation and exhaust gas
be fitted as optional, see B 16 01 2. data, see D 10 05 0 "List of Capacities".
Set points and operating levels for temperature and
Lambda controller pressure are stated in B 19 00 0 "Operating Data
and Set Points".
The purpose of the lambda controller is to prevent
injection of more fuel in the combustion chamber
than can be burned during a momentary load in-
crease. This is carried out by controlling the relation
between the fuel index and the charge air pressure.
The lambda controller has the following advantages:
▪ Reduction of visible smoke in case of sudden
momentary load increases.
▪ Improved load ability.
▪ Less fouling of the engine's exhaust gas ways.
▪ Limitation of fuel oil index during starting proce-
dure.
The above states that the working conditions are
improved under difficult circumstances and that the
maintenance costs for an engine, working with
many and major load changes, will be reduced.

Optionals
Besides the standard components, the following
standard optionals can be built-on:
Pressure alarm low
▪ PAL 35 Charge air, surplus air inlet
Pressure differential alarm low
▪ PDAL 31-62, charge air and exhaust gas
Pressure transmitting
▪ PT 31 Charge air, outlet from cooler
Temperature alarm high
▪ TAH 31 Charge air, outlet from cooler
Temperature element

1999.11.29
 MAN Diesel & Turbo 010.000.023-17

Specifications for intake air (combustion air)

Specifications for intake air (combustion air)

General
The quality and condition of intake air (combustion air) have a significant
effect on the power output, wear and emissions of the engine. In this regard,
not only are the atmospheric conditions extremely important, but also con-
tamination by solid and gaseous foreign matter.
Mineral dust in the intake air increases wear. Chemicals and gases promote
corrosion.
This is why effective cleaning of intake air (combustion air) and regular main-
tenance/cleaning of the air filter are required.
When designing the intake air system, the maximum permissible overall pres-
sure drop (filter, silencer, pipe line) of 20 mbar must be taken into considera-
tion.
Exhaust turbochargers for marine engines are equipped with silencers
enclosed by a filter mat as a standard. The quality class (filter class) of the
filter mat corresponds to the G3 quality in accordance with EN 779.

Requirements
Fuel oil engines: As minimum, inlet air (combustion air) must be cleaned in a
filter of the G3 class as per EN779. For engine operation in the environment
with a risk of higher inlet air contamination (e.g. due to sand storms, due to
loading the grain crops cargo vessels or in the surroundings of cement
plants) additional measures must be taken.
Gas engines and dual-fuel engines: As minimum, inlet air (combustion air)
must be cleaned in a filter of the G3 class as per EN779. Gas engines or
dual-fuel engines must only be equipped with a dry filter. Oil bath filters are
not permitted because they enrich the inlet air with oil mist. This is not per-
missible for gas operated engines. For engine operation in the environment
with a risk of higher inlet air contamination (e.g. due to sand storms, due to
loading the grain crops cargo vessels or in the surroundings of cement
plants) additional measures must be taken.
In general, the following applies: The concentration downstream of the air fil-
ter and/or upstream of the turbocharger inlet must not exceed the following Specifications for intake air (combustion air)
limit values.
Properties Typical value Unit *
Dust (sand, cement, CaO, Al2O3 etc.) max. 5 mg/Nm3
Chlorine max. 1.5
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) max. 1.25
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) max. 5
Salt (NaCl) max. 1
2013-02-04 - de

* One Nm corresponds to one cubic meter of

3

gas at 0 °C and 101.32 kPa.

Table 1: Intake air (combustion air) - typical values to be observed
General

D010.000.023-17-0001 EN 1 (2)
 010.000.023-17 MAN Diesel & Turbo

Intake air shall not contain any flammable gases

Specifications for intake air (combustion air)

Intake air shall not contain any flammable gases. Make sure that the
combustion air is not explosive.
Specifications for intake air (combustion air)

2013-02-04 - de
General

2 (2) D010.000.023-17-0001 EN
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1639499-6.0
Page 1 (1) Water washing of turbocharger - compressor B 15 05 1

L32/40, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF

Description
During operation the compressor will gradually be
fouled due to the presence of oil mist and dust in
the inlet air.
The fouling reduces the efficiency of the turbo-
charger which will result in reduced engine perform-
ance.
Therefore manual cleaning of the compressor com-
ponents is necessary in connection with overhauls.
This situation requires dismantling of the turbo-
charger.
However, regular cleaning by injecting water into
the compressor during normal operation of the
engine has proved to reduce the fouling rate to
such an extent that good performance can be
maintained in the period between major overhauls
of the turbocharger.
The cleaning effect of injecting pure fresh water is
1 Injection tube 2 Pipe
mainly based upon the mechanical effect arising,
when the water droplets impinge the deposit layer 3 Snap coupling 4 Plug-in coupling
on the compressor components. 5 Hand valve with handle 6 Container
The water is injected in a measured amount and 7 Charge air line
within a measured period of time by means of the
water washing equipment. Figure 1: Water washing equipment.
The water washing equipment, see fig 1, comprises
two major parts. The transportable container (6)
including a hand valve with handle (5) and a plug-in
coupling (4) at the end of a lance.
Installed on the engine there is the injection tube (1),
connected to a pipe (2) and a snap coupling (3).

The cleaning procedure is:

1) Fill the container (6) with a measured amount of
fresh water. Blow air into the container by
means of a blow gun, until the prescribed oper-
ation pressure is reached.
2) Connect the plug-in coupling of the lance to the
snap coupling on the pipe, and depress the
handle on the hand valve.
3) The water is then injected into the compressor.
The washing procedure is executed with the engine
running at normal operating temperature and with
the engine load as high as possible, i.e. at a high
compressor speed.
The frequency of water washing should be matched
to the degree of fouling in each individual plant.

1994.03.14
Exhaust Gas System

B 16
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1609535-5.4
Page 1 (3) Exhaust gas system B 16 00 0

L23/30H, L28/32H, L28/32DF, L23/30DF

Internal exhaust gas system The gas outlet of turbocharger, the expansion bel-
lows, the exhaust pipe, and silencer, (in case of
From the exhaust valves, the gas is led to the silencer with spark arrestor care must be taken that
exhaust gas receiver where the fluctuating pressure the cleaning parts are accessible), must be insula-
from the individual cylinders is equalized and the ted with a suitable material.
total volume of gas led further on to the turbo-
charger, at a constant pressure. After the turbo- The insulation should be shielded by a thin plating,
charger, the gas is led to the exhaust pipe system. and should comply with the requirements of the
classification society and/or the local authorities.
The exhaust gas receiver is made of pipe sections,
one for each cylinder, connected to each other, by
means of compensators, to prevent excessive Exhaust pipe dimensions
stress in the pipes due to heat expansion. It should be noted that concerning the maximum
In the cooled intermediate piece a thermometer for exhaust gas velocity the pipe dimension after the
reading the exhaust gas temperature is fitted and expansion bellows should be increased for some of
there is also possibility of fitting a sensor for remote the engines.
reading. The wall thickness of the external exhaust pipe
To avoid excessive thermal loss and to ensure a should be min. 3 mm.
reasonably low surface temperature the exhaust
gas receiver is insulated. Exhaust pipe mounting
When the exhaust piping is mounted, the radiation
External exhaust gas system of noise and heat must be taken into consideration.
The exhaust back-pressure should be kept as low Because of thermal fluctuations in the exhaust pipe,
as possible. it is necessary to use flexible as well as rigid sus-
It is therefore of the utmost importance that the pension points.
exhaust piping is made as short as possible and In order to compensate for thermal expansion in the
with few and soft bends. longitudinal direction, expansion bellows must be
Long, curved, and narrow exhaust pipes result in inserted. The expansion bellows should preferably
higher back-pressure which will affect the engine be placed at the rigid suspension points.
combustion. Exhaust back-pressure is a loss of Note: The exhaust pipe must not exert any force
energy and will cause higher fuel comsumption. against the gas outlet on the engine.
The exhaust back-pressure should not exceed 30 One sturdy fixed-point support must be provided
mbar at MCR. An exhaust gas velocity through the for the expansion bellows on the turbocharger. It
pipe of maximum 35 m/sec is often suitable, but should be positioned, if possible, immediately above
depends on the actual piping. the expansion bellows in order to prevent the trans-
During commissioning and maintenance work, mission of forces, resulting from the weight, thermal
checking of the exhaust gas back pressure by expansion or lateral displacement of the exhaust
means of a temporarily connected measuring piping, to the turbocharger.
device may become necessary. For this purpose, a The exhaust piping should be mounted with a slope
measuring socket must be provided approx. 1-2 m towards the gas outlet on the engine. It is recom-
after the exhaust gas outlet of the turbocharger at mended to have drain facilities in order to be able to
an easily accessible place. Usual pressure measur- remove condensate or rainwater.
ing devices require a measuring socket size of ½".
This measuring socket must be provided to ensure
utilisation without any damage to the exhaust gas
Position of gas outlet on turbocharger
pipe insulation. B 16 02 0 shows turning alternatives positions of
MAN Diesel & Turbo will be pleased to assist in the exhaust gas outlet. Before dispatch of the
making a calculation of the exhaust back-pressure. engine exhaust gas outlet will be turned to the wan-
ted position.
The turbocharger is, as standard, mounted in the
front end.

2012.05.28
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
1609535-5.4
B 16 00 0 Exhaust gas system Page 2 (3)

L23/30H, L28/32H, L28/32DF, L23/30DF

Exhaust gas boiler

To utilize the thermal energy from the exhaust, an
exhaust gas boiler producing steam or hot water
can be installed.
Each engine should have a separate exhaust gas
boiler or, alternatively, a common boiler with sepa-
rate gas ducts. Concerning exhaust gas quantities
and temperature, see "List of capacities" D 10 05 0,
and "Engine performance" D 10 10 0.
The discharge temperature from the exhaust gas
boiler should not be lower than 180°C (in order to
avoid sulphuric acid formation in the funnel).
The exhaust gas boilers should be installed with by-
pass entering in function at low-load operation.
The back-pressure over the boiler must be included
in the back-pressure calculation.

Expansion bellows
The expansion bellows, which is supplied sepa-
rately, must be mounted directly on the exhaust gas
outlet, see also E 16 01 1-2.

Exhaust silencer
The position of the silencer in the exhaust gas pip-
ing is not decisive for the silencing effect. It would
be useful, however, to fit the silencer as high as
possible to reduce fouling. The necessary silencing
depends on the loudness of the exhaust sound and
the discharge from the gas outlet to the bridge
wing.
The exhaust silencer, see E 16 04 2-3-5-6 is sup-
plied loose with counterflanges, gaskets and bolts.

2012.05.28
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1609535-5.4
Page 3 (3) Exhaust gas system B 16 00 0

L23/30H, L28/32H, L28/32DF, L23/30DF

2012.05.28
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1624460-4.2
Page 1 (2) Pressure droop in exhaust gas system B 16 00 0

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF,

L23/30DF
General

Figure 1: Nomogram for pressure drop in exhaust gas piping system.

2011.09.19.
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
1624460-4.2
B 16 00 0 Pressure droop in exhaust gas system Page 2 (2)

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF,

L23/30DF

The exhaust system is correctly designed since the permissible total resistance of 30 mbar is not exceeded.
* This formula is only valid between -20° to 60°C.
Density of air Example
Density of air can be determined by following At ambient air conditions 20°C and pressure 0.98
empiric, formula*: bar, the density is:

2011.09.19.
MAN Diesel & Turbo
3700152-6.2
Page 1 (4) Exhaust gas velocity B 16 01 0

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF

Velocities
DN Exhaust gas
Engine type Exhaust gas flow Exhaust gas temp. Nominal diameter velocity
kg/h °C mm m/sec.
5L23/30H, 720/750 rpm 5100 342 350 27.7

6L23/30H, 720/750 rpm 6100 342 350 33.3

6L23/30H, 900 rpm 7600 371 400 32.7

7L23/30H, 720/750 rpm 7200 342 400 29.6

7L23/30H, 900 rpm 8800 371 450 30.2

8L23/30H, 720/750 rpm 8200 342 400 33.9

8L23/30H, 900 rpm 10100 371 450 34.5

5L23/30H Mk2, 720 rpm 5400 342 350 29.2

6L23/30H Mk2, 720 rpm 6500 342 400 26.7

7L23/30H Mk2, 720 rpm 7500 342 400 31.2

8L23/30H Mk2, 720 rpm 8600 342 450 28.2

5L23/30H Mk2, 750 rpm 5600 342 350 30.4

6L23/30H Mk2, 750 rpm 6700 342 400 27.9

7L23/30H Mk2, 750 rpm 7900 342 400 32.5

8L23/30H Mk2, 750 rpm 9000 342 450 29.4

6L23/30H Mk2, 900 rpm 8300 371 450 28.3

7L23/30H Mk2, 900 rpm 9600 371 450 33.0

8L23/30H Mk2, 900 rpm 11000 371 500 30.5

5L28/32H, 720/750 rpm 8800 342 450 28.8

6L28/32H, 720/750 rpm 10500 342 450 34.5

7L28/32H, 720/750 rpm 12300 342 500 32.6

8L28/32H, 720/750 rpm 14100 342 550 30.9

9L 28/32H, 720/750 rpm 15800 342 550 34.6

Density of exhaust gasses ρA ~ 0.6 kg/m3

2013.06.03 - Tier II
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
3700152-6.2
B 16 01 0 Exhaust gas velocity Page 2 (4)

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF

DN Exhaust gas
Engine type Exhaust gas flow Exhaust gas temp. Nominal diameter velocity
kg/h °C mm m/sec.
5L28/32DF, 720/750 rpm 8800 342 450 28.8

6L28/32DF, 720/750 rpm 10500 342 450 34.5

7L28/32DF, 720/750 rpm 12300 342 500 32.6

8L28/32DF, 720/750 rpm 14100 342 550 30.9

9L 28/32DF, 720/750 rpm 15800 342 550 34.6

5L16/24, 1000 rpm (90 kW) 3100 375 300 21.1

6L 16/24, 1000 rpm (95 kW) 3900 375 300 26.9

7L16/24, 1000 rpm (95 kW) 4500 375 300 31.1

8L16/24, 1000 rpm (95 kW) 5200 375 400 22.6

9L16/24, 1000 rpm (95 kW) 5800 375 400 25.4

5L16/24, 1200 rpm (100 kW) 3600 356 300 23.8

6L16/24, 1200 rpm (110 kW) 4700 356 300 31.4

7L16/24, 1200 rpm (110 kW) 5500 356 400 23.2

8L16/24, 1200 rpm (110 kW) 6300 356 400 26.6

9L16/24, 1200 rpm (110 kW) 7100 356 400 29.9

5L27/38, 720 rpm (300 kW) 10300 376 500 28.8

6L27/38, 720 rpm (330 kW) 13600 376 550 31.4

7L27/38, 720 rpm (330 kW) 15900 376 600 30.6

8L27/38, 720 rpm (330 kW) 18100 376 600 35.0

9L27/38, 720 rpm (330 kW) 20400 376 650 31.8

5L27/38, 750 rpm (320 kW) 11200 365 500 30.8

6L27/38, 750 rpm (330 kW) 13900 365 550 31.6

7L27/38, 750 rpm (330 kW) 16200 365 600 30.7

8L27/38, 750 rpm (330 kW) 18500 365 600 35.1

9L27/38, 750 rpm (330 kW) 20800 365 650 31.9

Density of exhaust gasses ρA ~ 0.6 kg/m3

2013.06.03 - Tier II
MAN Diesel & Turbo
3700152-6.2
Page 3 (4) Exhaust gas velocity B 16 01 0

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF

DN Exhaust gas
Engine type Exhaust gas flow Exhaust gas temp. Nominal diameter velocity
kg/h °C mm m/sec.
6L27/38, 720 rpm (350kW) 14400 388 550 33.9

7L27/38, 720 rpm (350 kW) 16800 388 600 33.0

8L27/38, 720 rpm (350 kW) 19200 388 650 30.5

9L27/38, 720 rpm (350 kW) 21600 388 650 34.3

6L27/38, 750 rpm (350kW) 14700 382 550 34.3

7L27/38, 750 rpm (350 kW) 17100 382 600 33.2

8L27/38, 750 rpm (350 kW) 19500 382 650 30.7

9L27/38, 750 rpm (350 kW) 22000 382 650 34.6

5L21/31, 900 rpm (200 kW) 7400 334 400 30.2

6L21/31, 900 rpm (220 kW) 9800 334 450 31.7

7L21/31, 900 rpm (220 kW) 11400 334 500 29.8

8L21/31, 900 rpm (220 kW) 13000 334 500 34.0

9L21/31, 900 rpm (220 kW) 14600 334 550 31.6

5L21/31, 1000 rpm (200 kW) 7400 349 400 30.8

6L21/31, 1000 rpm (220 kW) 9700 349 450 32.1

7L21/31, 1000 rpm (220 kW) 11400 349 500 30.5

8L21/31, 1000 rpm (220 kW) 13000 349 500 34.8

9L21/31, 1000 rpm (220 kW) 14600 349 550 32.4

Density of exhaust gasses ρA ~ 0.6 kg/m3

2013.06.03 - Tier II
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
3700152-6.2
B 16 01 0 Exhaust gas velocity Page 4 (4)

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF

The exhaust gas velocities are based on the pipe dimensions in the table below

Flow area
DN D1 D2 T A
Nominal diameter mm mm mm 10-3 m2
300 323.9 309.7 7.1 75.331
350 355.6 339.6 8.0 90.579
400 406.4 388.8 8.8 118.725
450 457.0 437.0 10.0 149.987
500 508.0 486.0 11.0 185.508
550 559.0 534.0 12.5 223.961
600 610.0 585.0 12.5 268.783
650 660.0 650.0 5.0 331.830

2013.06.03 - Tier II
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1607599-1.5
Page 1 (3) Dry cleaning of turbocharger - turbine B 16 01 1

L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32S

Description The position numbers 1 and 3 indicate the system's

"blow-gun". Only one "blow-gun" is used for each
The tendency to fouling on the gas side of turbo- engine plant. The blow-gun is working according to
chargers depends on the combustion conditions, the ejector principle with pressure air (working air) at
which are a result of the load and the maintenance 5-7 bar as driven medium. Injection time approx. 2
condition of the engine as well as the quality of the min. Air consumption approx. 5 Nm3/2 min.
fuel oil used.
Fouling of the gas ways will cause higher exhaust
gas temperatures and higher wall temperatures of
the combustion chamber components and will also
lead to a higher fuel consumption rate.
Tests and practical experience have shown that
radial-flow turbines can be successfully cleaned by
the dry cleaning method.
This cleaning method employs cleaning agents con-
sisting of dry solid bodies in the form of granules. A
certain amount of these granules, depending on the
turbocharger size, is, by means of compressed air,
blown into the exhaust gas line before the gas inlet
casing of the turbocharger.
The injection of granules is done by means of work-
ing air with a pressure of 5-7 bar.
On account of their hardness, particularly suited 1 Container 2 Closing valve
blasting agents such as nut-shells, broken or artifi-
3 Dosage valve 4 Working air inlet to be
cially shaped activated charcoal with a grain size of connected with 1/2 rub-
1.0 mm to max. 1.5 mm should be used as clean- ber hose.
ing agents.
Figure 1: Arrangement of dry cleaning of turbocharger - turbine.
The solid bodies have a mechanical cleaning effect
which removes any deposits on nozzle vanes and
turbine blades. Granulate consumption
Dry cleaning can be executed at full engine load NR 15 R / NR 20 R : 0.2 - 0.3 litres
and does not require any subsequent operating NR 24 R / NR 26 R : 0.3 - 0.4 litres
period of the engine in order to dry out the exhaust
system.
Experience has shown that regular cleaning inter-
vals are essential to successful cleaning, as ex-ces-
sive fouling is thus avoided. For cleaning intervals
see the instruction book.
The cleaning intervals can be shorter or longer
based on operational experience.

Cleaning system
The cleaning system consists of a cleaning agent
container 1 with a capacity of approx. 0.5 liters and
a removable cover. Furthermore the system consis-
tsof a dosage valve 3, a closing valve 2 and two
snapon connectors.

2010.09.13.
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
1607599-1.5
B 16 01 1 Dry cleaning of turbocharger - turbine Page 2 (3)

L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32S

2010.09.13.
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1607599-1.5
Page 3 (3) Dry cleaning of turbocharger - turbine B 16 01 1

L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32S

2010.09.13.
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1607517-7.5
Page 1 (2) Water washing of turbocharger - turbine B 16 01 2

L23/30H, L28/32H, L28/32DF

Description ably due to heavy fouling, and the engine must be

stopped and the turbocharger dismantled and man-
The tendency to fouling on the gas side of turbo- ually cleaned.
chargers depends on the combustion conditions,
which are a result of the load on and the mainte- The washing water should be taken from the fresh
nance condition of the engine as well as the quality water system and not from the fresh cooling water
of the fuel oil used. system or salt water system. No cleaning agents or
solvents need to be added to the water.
Fouling of the gas ways will cause higher exhaust
gas temperatures and higher surface temperatures To avoid corrosion during standstill, the engine
of the combustion chamber components and will must, upon completing of water washing run far at
also lead to a lower performance. least 1 hour before stop so that all parts are dry.
Tests and practical experience have shown that
radial-flow turbines can be successfully cleaned by Water washing system
injection water into the inlet pipe of the turbine. The The water washing system consists of a pipe sys-
cleaning effect is based on the water solubility of tem equipped with a regulating valve, a manoeu-
the deposits and on the mechanical action of the vring valve, a 3-way cock and a drain pipe with a
impinging water droplets and the water flow rate. drain valve from the gas outlet.
The necessary water flow is dependent on the gas The water for washing the turbine, is supplied from
flow and the gas temperature. Enough water must the external fresh water system through a flexible
be injected per time unit so that, not the entire flow hose with couplings. The flexible hose must be dis-
will evaporate, but about 0.25 l/min. will flow off connected after water washing.
through the drainage opening in the gas outlet.
By activating the manoeuvring valve and the regu-
Thus ensuring that sufficient water has been injec-
lating valve, water is led through the 3-way cock to
ted. For washing procedure, please see name plate
the exhaust pipe intermediate flange, equipped with
for water washing.
a channel to lead the water to the gas inlet of the
Service experience has shown that the above men- turbocharger.
tioned water flow gives the optimal cleaning effect.
The water which is not evaporated, is led out
If the water flow is reduced, the cleaning effect will
through the drain pipe in the gas outlet.
be reduced or dissappear. If the recommended
water flow is exceeded, there is a certain risk of an
accumulation of water in the turbine casing which
may result in speed reduction of turbocharger.
The best cleaning effect is obtained by cleaning at
low engine load approx. 20% MCR. Cleaning at low
load will also reduce temperature shocks.
Experience has shown, that washing at regular
intervals is essential to successful cleaning, as
excessive fouling is thus avoided. Washing at inter-
vals of 100 hours is therefore recommended.
Depending on the fuel quality these intervals can be
shorter or longer. However, the turbine must be
washed at the latest when the exhaust gas temper-
ature upstream of the turbine has risen about 20°C
above the normal temperature.
Heavily contaminated turbines, which where not
cleaned periodically from the very beginning or after
an overhaul, cannot be cleaned by this method.
If vibration in the turbocharger occur after water-
washing has been carried out, the washing should
be repeated. If unbalance still exists, this is presum-

2004.07.05
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
1607517-7.5
B 16 01 2 Water washing of turbocharger - turbine Page 2 (2)

L23/30H, L28/32H, L28/32DF

2004.07.05
MAN Diesel & Turbo
3700175-4.0
Page 1 (2) Position of gas outlet on turbocharger B 16 02 0

L28/32H

Dimensions

Exhaust flange D. mating dimensions

Engine type DN OD T PCD Hole size No of
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) holes
5-6L28/32H, 720/750 rpm 450 595 16 550 22 16

7L28/32H, 720/750 rpm 500 645 16 600 22 20

8L28/32H, 720/750 rpm 550 703 20 650 22 20

2011.10.11 - Tier II
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
3700175-4.0
B 16 02 0 Position of gas outlet on turbocharger Page 2 (2)

L28/32H

Exhaust flange D. mating dimensions

Engine type DN OD T PCD Hole size No of
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) holes
9L28/32H 550 703 20 650 22 20

2011.10.11 - Tier II
MAN Diesel & Turbo
3700180-1.0
Page 1 (2) Silencer without spark arrestor, damping 35 dB (A) E 16 04 3

L28/32H

Design
The operating of the silencer is based on the
absorption system. The gasflow passes straight
through a perforated tube, surrounded by highly
effecient sound absorbing material, thus giving an
excellent attenuation over a wide frequency range.
The silencer is delivered without insulation and fas-
tening fittings.

2011.10.10. - Tier II
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
3700180-1.0
E 16 04 3 Silencer without spark arrestor, damping 35 dB (A) Page 2 (2)

L28/32H

Installation
The silencer may be installed, vertically, horizontally
or in any position close to the end of the piping.

Pressure loss
The pressure loss will not be more than in a straight
tube having the same length and bore as the
silencer. Graphic shows pressure loss in relation to
velocity.

2011.10.10. - Tier II
MAN Diesel & Turbo
3700182-5.0
Page 1 (2) Silencer with spark arrestor, damping 35 dB (A) E 16 04 6

L28/32H

Design

The operating of the silencer is based on the

absorption system. The gasflow passes straight
through a perforated tube, surrounded by highly
effecient sound absorbing material, thus giving an
excellent attenuation over a wide frequency range.
The operation of the spark arrestor is based on the
centrifugal system. The gases are forced into a
rotary movement by means of a number of fixed
blades. The solid particles in the gases are thrown
against the wall of the spark arrestor and collected
in the soot box. (Pressure loss, see graphic.)
The silencer is delivered without insulation and fas-
tening fittings.

2011.10.10. - Tier II
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
3700182-5.0
E 16 04 6 Silencer with spark arrestor, damping 35 dB (A) Page 2 (2)

L28/32H

Installation
The silencer/spark arrestor has to be installed as
close to the end of the exhaust pipe as possible.

2011.10.10. - Tier II
Speed Control System

B 17
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1607583-4.4
Page 1 (1) Starting of engine B 17 00 0

L32/40, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32S, L28/32DF

General

The engine may be started and loaded according to If the engine normally runs on HFO preheated fuel
the following procedure: must be circulated through the engine while pre-
A: Normal start without preheated cooling water. heating although the engine has run or has been
Only on MDO. flushed on MDO for a short period.

B: Normal start with preheated cooling water. MDO

or HFO. Starting on MDO
C: Stand-by engine. Emergency start, with pre- For starting on MDO there are no restrictions exept
heated cooling water, intermediate prelubri- cating lub. oil viscosity may not by higher than 1500 cSt.
or continuos prelubricating. MDO or HFO. (5°C for lub. oil SAE 30, or 10°C for SAE 40).
Initial ignition may be difficult if the engine and ambi-
Starting on HFO ent temp. are lower than 5°C, and the cooling water
temperature is lower than 15°C.
During shorter stops or if the engine is in stand-by
on HFO the engine must be preheated.
Prelubricating
During preheating the cooling water outlet tempera-
ture should be kept as high as possible at least The engine shall always be prelubricated 2 minutes
60°C (± 5°C) -either by means of cooling water from prior to start if there is not intermittent or continuos
engines which are running or by means of a built-in prelubricating installed. Intermittent prelub. is 2 min.
preheater. every 10 minutes.

2013.04.17
Monitoring Equipment

B 18
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1607502-1.5
Page 1 (1) Standard instrumentation B 18 01 1

L23/30H, L28/32H

Description
One instrument panel consisting of:
Type Code Function

Pressure gauge PI 01 LT Fresh water – inlet to air-cooler

Pressure gauge PI 10 HT Fresh water – inlet engine

Pressure gauge PI 21 Lubricating oil – inlet to filter

Pressure gauge PI 22 Lubricating oil – outlet from filter

Pressure gauge PI 23 Lubricating oil – inlet to turbocharger

Pressure gauge PI 31 Charging air – outlet from cooler

Pressure gauge PI 40 Fuel oil – inlet to engine

Pressure gauge PI 50 Nozzle cooling oil – inlet to fuel valves

Instruments placed in start box:

Tachometer SI 89/90 Turbocharger/engine – rpm

Switch for turbocharger/engine rpm

Instrumentation mounted local on engine:

Thermometer TI 01 LT water – inlet from air cooler

Thermometer TI 02 LT water – outlet from air cooler

Thermometer TI 03 LT water – oulet from lub. oil cooler

Thermometer TI 10 HT fresh water – inlet to engine

Thermometer TI 11 HT fresh water – outlet each cylinder

Thermometer TI 20 Lubricating oil – inlet to cooler

Thermometer TI 22 Lubricating oil – outlet from filter

Thermometer TI 30 Charge air – inlet to cooler

Thermometer TI 31 Charge air – outlet from cooler

Thermometer TI 40 Fuel oil – inlet to engine

Thermometer (*) TI 51 Nozz. cool. oil – outlet from fuel valves

Thermometer TI 60 Exhaust gas – outlet each cylinder

Thermometer TI 61 Exhaust gas – outlet turbocharger

(*) If nozzle cooiling oil is applied only.

2010.09.27
Safety and Control
System

B 19
MAN Diesel & Turbo

1693576-8.5
Page 1 (2) Operation Data & Set Points B 19 00 0

L28/32H

Acceptable
Normal Value at Full load value at shop
at ISO conditions test or after Alarm Set point Autostop of engine
repair

Lubricating Oil System

Temp. before cooler SAE 30 TI 20 60-75° C <75° C TAH 20 90° C

(outlet engine) SAE 40 TI 20 65-82° C <82° C TAH 20 100° C
Temp. after cooler SAE 30 TI 22 45-65° C <65° C TAH 22 75° C TSH 22 85° C
(inlet engine) SAE 40 TI 22 50-72° C <72° C TAH 22 85° C TSH 22 95° C
Pressure after filter (inlet eng) PI 22 3.5-4 bar >4.0 bar PAL 22 3 bar PSL 22 2.5 bar
Elevated pressure i.g. when
centrifugal filter installed PI 22 4-5 bar >4.5 bar PAL 22 3.5 bar PSL 22 3.0 bar
Pressure drop across filter PDAH 21-22 0.5-1 bar <0.5 bar PDAH 21-22 1.5 bar
Prelubricating pressure LAL 25 level switch
Pressure inlet turbocharger PI 23 1.5 ±0.2 bar >1.5 bar
Lub. oil, level in base frame LAL 28/ low/high level
LAH 28
Temp. main bearings TE 29 75-85° C <85° C TAH 29 95° C
Fuel Oil System

Pressure after filter MDO PI 40 2.5-5 bar PAL 40 1.5 bar

HFO PI 40 5-16 bar (A) PAL 40 4 bar
Leaking oil LAH 42 leakage
Press. nozz. cool. oil, inlet eng. PI 50 2-3 bar PAL 50 1.5 bar (B)
Temp. nozz. cool. oil, outlet eng. TI 51 80-90° C 95° C (B)
Cooling Water System

Press. LT-system, inlet engine PI 01 1-2.5 bar (D) >1.3 bar PAL 01 0.4 bar + (C)
Press. HT-system, inlet engine PI 10 1.5-4.6 bar >1.8-<6 bar PAL 10 0.4 bar + (C)
Temp. HT-system, inlet engine TI 10 60-75° C
Temp. HT-system, outl. cyl.units TI 11 70-85° C <85° C
Temp. HT-system, outlet engine TAH 12 90° C TSH 12 95° C
TAH 12-2 93° C
Temp. raise across cyl. units max. 10° C
Exhaust Gas and Charge Air

Exh. gas temp. before TC TI 62 425-475° C TAH 62 550° C

TAH 62-2 600° C
Exh. gas temp. outlet cyl. TI 60 270-380° C TAH 60 410° C
Diff. between individual cyl. average TAD 60 average (F)
±25° C ±50° C
Exh. gas temp. after TC TI 61 275-350° C TAH 61 500° C
Ch. air press. after cooler PI 31 2-2.5 bar
Ch. air temp. after cooler TI 31 35-55° C <55° C TAH 31 65° C
Compressed Air System

Press. inlet engine PI 70 7-9 bar >7.5-<9 bar PAL 70 7 bar

Specific plants will not comprise alarm equipment and autostop for all parameters listed above. For specific plants additional parameters
can be included. For remarks to some parameters, see overleaf.

10° C change in ambient temperature correspond to approx. 15° C exhaust gas temperature change

11.33
 MAN Diesel & Turbo

1693576-8.5
B 19 00 0 Operation Data & Set Points Page 2 (2)

L28/32H

Acceptable
Normal Value at Full load value at shop
at ISO conditions test or after Alarm Set point Autostop of engine
repair

Speed Control System

Engine speed
GenSets for 60 Hz
Mechanical
Elec. SI 90 720 rpm 820 rpm SAH 81 815 rpm SSH 81 825 rpm
GenSets for 50 Hz SSH 81 815 rpm
Mechanical
Elec. SI 90 750 rpm 855 rpm SAH 81 850 rpm SSH 81 860 rpm
SSH 81 850 rpm
Turbocharger speed SI 89 (G) SAH 89 (E)

Remarks to individual Parameters E. Limits for Turbocharger Overspeed Alarm

(SAH 89)
A. Fuel Oil Pressure, HFO-operation.
Engine type 720 rpm 750 rpm
When operating on HFO, the system pressure must
5L28/32H 42,680 42,680
be sufficient to depress any tendency to gasification
6L28/32H 42,680 42,680
of the hot fuel.
7L28/32H 34,900 34,900
8L28/32H 34,900 34,900
The system pressure has to be adjusted according
9L28/32H 36,180 36,180
to the fuel oil preheating temperature.

B. Nozzle Cooling Oil System

F. Exhaust Gas Temperatures
The nozzle cooling oil system is only applied for Tier
II marine and stationary engines. The exhaust gas temperature deviation alarm is
normally ±50° C with a delay of 1 min., but at start-up
C. Cooling Water Pressure, Alarm Set Points. the delay is 5 min. Furthermore the deviation limit is
±100° C if the average temperature is below 200° C.
As the system pressure in case of pump failure will
depend on the height of the expansion tank above G. Turbocharger Speed
the engine, the alarm set point has to be adjusted
to 0.4 bar plus the static pressure. Normal value at full load of the turbocharger is de-
pendent on engine type (cyl. no) and engine rpm.
D. Press. LT -system, inlet engine (PI 01) The value given is just a guide line. Actual values
can be found in the acceptance test protocol.
With two-string cooling water system the normal
value can be higher, max. 4.0 bar.

11.33
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1643414-2.1
Page 1 (1) Mechanical overspeed B 19 06 1

L28/32H, L28/32DF

Mechanical overspeed

Figure 1: Mechanical overspeed.

The engine is protected against overspeeding in the fuel pump regulating shaft to STOP position.
event of, for instance, governor failure by means of Thereby the engine stops, the spring-loaded pull
an overspeed trip. rod connection to the governor being compressed.
The engine is equipped with a stopping device The engine can be stopped manually by pressing
which starts to operate if the maximum permissible down the button (7), which will activate the spring-
revolution number is exceeded. loaded fly weight (1) through the lever (8).
The overspeed tripping device is fitted to the end If the overspeed has been activated, the overspeed
cover of the lubricating oil pump and is driven must be reset before the engine can be started.
through this pump. Reset is done by means of the button (10).
If the pre-set tripping speed is exceeded, the
springloaded fly weight (1), see fig 1, will move out- Overspeed alarm (SAH 81)
wards and press down the arm (2).
The overspeed alarm (SAH 81) is activated by
The arm is locked in its bottom position by the lock means of the micro switch (9).
pin (3) which is pressed in by the spring (4).
At the same time the arm (2) presses down the
spindle (5), and the pneumatic valve (6) opens,
whereby compressed air will be led to the stop cyl-
inder, (see also B 17 30 1) in which the piston is
pressed forward and, through the arm, turns the

2001.01.01
MAN Diesel & Turbo

1635436-4.2
Page 1 (2) Converter for Engine RPM Signal B 19 13 1

General

Engine RPM signals Engine run

For measuring the engine's RPM, a pick-up mounted When the engine speed reach 710 RPM the converter
on the engine is used giving a frequency depending gives a "engine run" signal. The signal will also be
on the RPM. To be able to show the engine's RPM given when the engine speed reach 200 RPM + 8
on an analogue tachometer, the frequency signal sec., (this is used for pump engines).
is sent through an f/I converter (frequency/current
converter), where the signal is transformed into a The engine run signal will be deactivated when
proportional 4-20 mA ~ 0-1200 RPM. the speed is 640 RPM. If the engine speed haven't
Both tachometer on the engine and possibly external been over 710 RPM the signal will be deactivated
tachometers should be connected in the current at 200 RPM.
loop.
The "engine run" signals will be given through a relay.
Further, the converter has following signals: One for synchronizing and one for start/stop of pre.
lub. oil pump or alarm blocking at start/stop.
– overspeed
– engine run
– safe start Safe start
– tacho fail
When the safe start signal is activated the engine
can start. When the engine reach app. 140 RPM the
Overspeed air starter will be shut-off.

When the engine speed reach the setpoint for elec- Further, the safe start signal is a blocking function
tronic overspeed the converter gives a shutdown for the air starter during rotation.
signal and a alarm signal through a relay.

Converter for
engine RPM signal
Tacho Safe Engine Over
fail start run speed

1 Overspeed 14
Pick-up 2 Engine run 13
NPN 3 Safe start 12
4 Tacho fail 11
5 Pick-up 10
6 Start 9
Type no

Start 7 - 8 Tacho
8 - J1 J2 7 meter
9 6
4-20 mA
10 - 5
11 + 4
Supply 12 + + 3
24 V DC 24V DC
13 - + 2
(± 15%)
± 15% 14 + + 1

Fuse

Fig. 1. Converter for engine RPM.

94.04
 MAN Diesel & Turbo

1635436-4.2
B 19 13 1 Converter for Engine RPM Signal Page 2 (2)

General
Tacho fail

The tacho fail signal will be on when everything is All wiring to relay, pick-up and tachometer are made
normal. If the pick-up or the converter failed the by MAN Diesel & Turbo SE.
signal will be deactivated. E.g. if there is power
supply failure.
Data
The converter for engine RPM signal is mounted in
the terminal box on the engine. Operating data : 24 V DC ± 15%
Power consumption : 3 Watt
Ambient temperature : -20° C to 70° C
Pick-up Output current : 4-20 mA ~ 0-1200 RPM

The pick-up is a NPN-type with LED-indication. The

sensing distance is 0.5 to 1.2 mm.

94.04
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1699190-5.0
Page 1 (1) Oil mist detector B 19 22 1

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38

Description
The oil mist detector type Tufmon from company
Dr. Horn is standard on the 7, 8 and 9L27/38
engine types and option for all other engine types.
The oil mist detector is based on direct measure-
ment of the oil mist concentration in the natural flow
from the crankcase to the atmosphere.
The detector is developed in close cooperation
between the manufacturer Dr. Horn and us and it
has been tested under realistic conditions at our
testbed.
The oil mist sensor is mounted on the venting pipe
together with the electronic board. At first the sen-
sor will activate an alarm, and secondly the engine
will be stopped, in case of critical oil mist concen-
tration. Furthermore there is an alarm in case of
sensor failure. To avoid false alarms direct heating Figure 1: Oil mist detector.
of the optical sensor is implemented.
The installation is integrated on the engine. No extra
piping/cabling is required.

Technical data
Power supply : 24 V DC +30% / -25%
Power consumption :1A
Operating temperature : 0°C....+70°C

Enclosure according to DIN 40050:

Analyzer : IP54
Speed fuel rack
and optical sensors : IP67
Supply box and connectors : IP65

2006.11.20
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1635438-8.5
Page 1 (3) Engine control panel no 2, safety- and alarm system E 19 06 5

L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H

Alarm and safety system ▪ Tacho failure

The engine control panel is watching all alarm and ▪ Low supply voltage
safety operating functions of the diesel engine. In ▪ High supply voltage
case of unintended conditions for the above func-
▪ Alternator overheating
tions, the engine control panel will initiate:
▪ Lambda control failure
▪ automatic stop of the engine (shutdown)
▪ Fuse failure
or
▪ Pre. lub pump failure
▪ a warning indication (alarm)
▪ Nozzle pump failure
In order to avoid an unintended re-starting after
release of a shutdown, there is a built-in reset func- ▪ Overspeed
tion which has to be activated before the engine ▪ Spare x 3
can be restarted. Remote reset is also possible.
Furthermore there are push buttons for:
Besides, there are built-in start/stop procedures for
▪ Start of engine
the engine.
▪ Stop of engine
On the front cover of the engine control panel there
are 3 indication boxes. One for the safety system ▪ Reset
and two for the alarm system. ▪ Lamp test
The engine control box will reflect the actual engine ▪ Emergency stop
automation/instrumentation. The items below are
general. ▪ Diesel oil (MDO) mode with indication *

For the safety system there are indications for: ▪ Heavy fuel oil (HFO) mode with indication *

▪ Power on * Options

▪ Engine run
Alarm blocking
▪ Lub. oil shutdown
The engine control panel is provided with a relay for
▪ High temp. fresh water shutdown alarm blocking, so that alarm is avoided during
▪ Overspeed shutdown starting and stopping of the engine.
▪ Emergency shutdown
▪ Start failure Start/stop of the diesel engine
▪ Wire break The diesel engine can be started and stopped by
means of push buttons on the panel. Furthermore,
▪ Start interlock (blocking) it is possible to mount remote switches for these
▪ Start interlock (local) functions.
▪ Starting air If the diesel engine does not start during a starting
▪ Turning engaged * trial, a potential free switch will give the information
that there is a starting failure.
For the alarm system there are indications for:
When the diesel engine is running, three relay out-
▪ Lubricating oil inlet pressure puts are activated. One is used for start/stop of the
▪ Prelubricating oil pressure prelubricating pump, one for the preheating start/
stop, and one for the engine start/stop signal.
▪ Fuel leakage
▪ Oil level base frame *
▪ lub. oil filter
▪ Cooling water outlet temp.
▪ Lub. oil inlet temp.
▪ Cooling water press.

2013.11.29
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
1635438-8.5
E 19 06 5 Engine control panel no 2, safety- and alarm system Page 2 (3)

L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H

Figure 1: Engine control panel cabinet.

Prelubricating oil pump starter
Diesel oil / heavy fuel oil mode The starter for the built-on prelubricating oil pump is
The valve control for MDO or HFO running mode is built into the control panel.
incorporated in the engine control box. It is possible On front of the panel there is a lamp for prelubricat-
to change the valve position on the engine control ing oil pump "on", a change-over switch for manual
panel or remote. start or automatic start of the pump. Furthermore
The push buttons for MDO and HFO are lighted there is a main switch.
push buttons to indicate the mode.
The valve control MDO/HFO is only used together Nozzle cooling oil pump starter
with E 11 10 1. The starter for the built-on nozzle cooling oil pump
is built-into the control panel. On front of the panel
Preheating control * is a lamp for pump "on", a change-over switch for
manual start or automatic start of the pump. Fur-
The preheater control equipment is for the built-on
thermore there is a main switch.
electric heater, which preheats of the engine jacket
cooling water during stand-still. On the front of the
panel is a lamp for "heater on" and a main switch Engine control panel cabinet
for activating the system. (* Option) The engine control panel cabinet can be installed in
the engine room, near the engine.
Fig. 1 shows the dimensions of the cabinet.

2013.11.29
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1635438-8.5
Page 3 (3) Engine control panel no 2, safety- and alarm system E 19 06 5

L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H

Enclosure: IP 54.
The engine control panel can also be installed in the
engine control room. It is possible to integrate the
engine control panel in the switchboard.

2013.11.29
MAN Diesel & Turbo
3700290-3.0 Combined box with prelubricating oil pump, preheater
Page 1 (2) E 19 07 2
and el turning device

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF,

V28/32DF
Description

Figure 1: Dimensions
The temperature is controlled by means of an on/off
The box is a combined box with starters for prelu- thermostat mounted in the common HT-outlet pipe.
bricating oil pump, preheater and el turning device. Furthermore the control system secures that the
heater is activated only when the engine is in stand-
The starter for prelubricating oil pump is for auto- still.
matic controlling start/stop of the prelubricating oil
pump built onto the engine. The box also include the control of el turning device.
There is a "running" indication lamp and a on/off
Common for both pump starters in the cabinet is power switch on the front. The control for the turn-
overload protection and automatic control system. ing gear is prepared with to contactors for forward
On the front of the cabinet there is a lamp for and reverse control. The turning gear control has
"pump on", a change-over switch for manual start also overload protection.
and automatic start of the pump; furthermore there
is a common main cut-off switch.
The pump starter can be arranged for continuous or
intermittent running. (For engine types L16/24,
L21/31 & L27/38 only continuous running is accep-
ted). See also B 12 07 0, Prelubricating Pump.
The preheater control is for controlling the electric
heater built onto the engine for preheating of the
engines jacket cooling water during stand-still.
On the front of the cabinet there is a lamp for
"heater on" and a off/auto switch. Furthermore
there is overload protection for the heater element.

2013.04.19
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
Combined box with prelubricating oil pump, preheater 3700290-3.0
E 19 07 2 Page 2 (2)
and el turning device

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF,

V28/32DF

Figure 2: Wiring diagram

2013.04.19
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1699867-7.0 Combined box with prelubricating oil pump, nozzle
Page 1 (2) E 19 07 2
conditioning pump, preheater and el turning device

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF,

V28/32DF
Description

Figure 1: Dimensions
The box is a combined box with starters for prelu- The preheater control is for controlling the electric
bricating oil pump, nozzle conditioning pump, pre- heater built onto the engine for preheating of the
heater and el turning device. engines jacket cooling water during stand-still.
The starter for prelubricating oil pump is for auto- On the front of the cabinet there is a lamp for
matic controlling start/stop of the prelubricating oil "heater on" and a off/auto switch. Furthermore
pump built onto the engine. there is overload protection for the heater element.
The starter for nozzle conditioning pump is for auto- The temperature is controlled by means of an on/off
matic controlling start/stop of the nozzle pump. The thermostat mounted in the common HT-outlet pipe.
pump can be built on the engine or be a separate Furthermore the control system secures that the
unit. heater is activated only when the engine is in stand-
Common for both pump starters in the cabinet is still.
overload protection and automatic control system. The box also include the control of el turning device.
On the front of the cabinet there is a lamp for There is a "running" indication lamp and a on/off
"pump on", a change-over switch for manual start power switch on the front. The control for the turn-
and automatic start of the pump; furthermore there ing gear is prepared with to contactors for forward
is a common main cut-off switch. and reverse control. The turning gear control has
The pump starter can be arranged for continuous or also overload protection.
intermittent running. (For engine types L16/24,
L21/31 & L27/38 only continuous running is accep-
ted). See also B 12 07 0, Prelubricating Pump.

2008.02.25
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
Combined box with prelubricating oil pump, nozzle 1699867-7.0
E 19 07 2 Page 2 (2)
conditioning pump, preheater and el turning device

L32/40, L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF,

V28/32DF

Figure 2: Wiring diagram.

2008.02.25
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1631477-3.3
Page 1 (2) Prelubricating oil pump starting box E 19 11 0

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF,

V28/32DF
Description

Figure 1: Dimensions.
The prelubricating oil pump box is for controlling the Depending on the number of engines in the plant,
prelubricating oil pump built onto the engine. the control box can be for one or several engines.
The control box consists of a cabinet with starter, The prelubricating oil pump starting box can be
overload protection and control system. On the combined with the high temperature preheater con-
front of the cabinet there is a lamp for "pump on", a trol box. See also B 12 07 0, Prelubricating Pump.
change-over switch for manual start and automatic
start of the pump, furthermore there is a main
switch.
The pump can be arranged for continuous or inter-
mittent running. (For L16/24, L21/31 and L27/38
only continuous running is accepted).

2001.03.05
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
1631477-3.3
E 19 11 0 Prelubricating oil pump starting box Page 2 (2)

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF,

V28/32DF

Figure 2: Wiring diagram.

2001.03.05
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1631478-5.1
Page 1 (2) High temperature preheater control box E 19 13 0

L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L28/32DF, V28/32DF

Description

Figure 1: Dimensions of the control cabinet.

The preheater control box is for controlling the elec- The high temperature preheater control box can be
tric heater built onto the engine for preheating of the combined with the prelubricating oil pump control
engines jacket cooling water during stand-still. box.
The control box consists of a cabinet with contactor See also B 13 23 1 Preheating arrangement in high
and control system. On the front of the cabinet temperature system.
there is a lamp for "heater on" and a main switch for
activating the system. Furthermore there is overload
protection for the heater element.
The temperature is controlled by means of an on/off
thermostat mounted in the common HT-outlet pipe.
Furthermore the system secures that the heater is
activated only when the engine is in stand-still.
Depending on the numbers of engines in the plant,
the control box can be for one or several engines,
however the dimensions of the cabinet will be the
same. fig 1 illustrates a front for 3 engines.

2001.03.05
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
1631478-5.1
E 19 13 0 High temperature preheater control box Page 2 (2)

L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32H, V28/32S, L28/32DF, V28/32DF

Figure 2: Wiring diagram.

2001.03.05
Foundation

B 20
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1693546-9.1 Resilient mounting system for landbased generating
Page 1 (20) B 20 00 0
sets

L28/32H
Resilient mounting of generating sets Concrete foundation
On resilient mounted generating sets, the diesel The engine's concrete foundation shall be in
engine and the generator are placed on a common accordance with the foundation drawing from MAN
rigid base frame mounted on a concrete foundation Diesel & Turbo, (see also page 15-19).
by means of resilient supports, conical or sandwich The dimension and the reinforcement of the con-
mountings. crete foundation are based on soil condition ≥ 60
The conical mounting is used on generating sets kN/m2. If this requirement can not be fulfilled, it is up
located in areas with risk of earthquake up to 4.8 on to the customer to improve the soil condition.
the Richter scale. The casting of the engine's foundation shall be exe-
The sandwich mounting is used on generating sets cuted continuously, and no construction joints shall
located in areas with risk of earthquake up to 7 on be permitted.
the Richter scale.
All connections from the generating set to the exter- Mounting of foundation frame on concrete
nal systems should be equipped with flexible con- foundation
nections and pipes, gangway etc. must not be wel-
ded to the external part of the installation. The foundation frame consists of typical I-profiles,
(see page 5 and 8). Drawings of the foundation
frame will be supplied by MAN Diesel & Turbo.
Resilient support
Before the foundation frame is placed on the con-
A resilient mounting of the generating set is made crete foundation, it has to be machined according
with a number of conical or sandwich mountings. to the drawing from MAN Diesel & Turbo and meet
The number and the distance between them the tolerances as shown in the tables on page 6
depends on the size of the generating set. These and 9.
mountings are bolted to brackets on the base frame
(see page 5 and 8). Place and align the foundation frames in the open-
ings of the concrete foundation according to the
The standard height of the conical mountings is 175 drawing from MAN Diesel & Turbo. Mark the posi-
mm in unloaded condition – when loaded the set- tion of the foundation bolts through the holes in the
ting is normally 5-11 mm. foundation frame. Remove the frames and drill the
The standard height of the sandwich mountings is holes for the foundation bolts with conventional
125 mm in unloaded condition – when loaded the tools. The holes have to be drilled according to rec-
setting is normally 6-8 mm. The exact setting can ommendation from the supplier of foundation bolts.
be found in the calculation of the resilient mounting Install the foundation bolts according to recommen-
system for the generating in question. dation from the supplier.
Place and align the foundation frames in the open-
Check of crankshaft deflection ings of the concrete foundation again. Pre-tighten
The resilient mounted generating set is normally the foundation bolt with a torque of 20 Nm.
delivered from the factory with engine and genera- Fill up the openings in the concrete foundation with
tor mounted on the common base frame. nonshrinking grouting material such as Masterflow
Even though engine and alternator have been MB928 Grout or similar.
adjusted by the engine builder, with the alternator Tighten-up the foundation bolt with a torque of 110
rotor placed correctly in the stator and the crank- Nm, after hardening of the grouting material.
shaft deflection of the engine (autolog) within the
This method of fixing the foundation frame is suita-
prescribed tolerances, it is recommended to check
ble for earthquake condition – the Richter scale up
the crankshaft deflection (autolog) before starting up
to 7 on.
the GenSet.

2010.08.23
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
Resilient mounting system for landbased generating 1693546-9.1
B 20 00 0 Page 2 (20)
sets

L28/32H
8) Turn all the internal buffers (4), see fig 1, to
Mounting and adjustment instructions for check that they can move freely.
new generating sets with conical If all internal buffers Then
mountings Can move freely Let conical element settle
If the conical elements have not been mounted by for 48 hours.
the factory, they must be mounted on the prepared
Cannot be moved Turn the four jacking blots
brackets on the base frame. In case they have been in the base casting clock-
mounted by the factory, please start with item num- wise or anticlockwise to
ber 2. release the internal buffer
1) Fit the conical elements to the bracket on the
base frame by means of four M20 bolts
screwed into the tapped holes of the top cast-
ing (5), see fig 1.
2) Align the generating set above the foundation
frame. The mounting holes in the base casting
(1) must be aligned with the holes in foundation
frames.
3) Remove the fixing bolt (8), spring washer (7) and
top lock ring (6) from the conical element, see
fig 1.

1 Base casting 2 Rubber element Figure 2: Conical mounting.

3 Synthetic bush 4 Internal buffer
5 Top casting 6 Top lock ring Adjustment of conical elements after 48
7 Spring washer 8 Fixing bolt hours settling
Figure 1: Conical element.
After the conical elements have been deflected
under static load for 48 hours, the laden height (H),
see fig 2, should be measured and compared to the
4) Position the four jacking M14 bolts in the tap-
recommended laden height.
ped holes in the base casting (1), see fig 1.
9) Care must be taken, during levelling of the
5) Position the jacking M14 bolts with a through-
installation, to ensure that individual mountings
going of minimum 20 mm, see fig 2.
are not overloaded. The variation in laden height
6) Lower the generating set until it rests com- should not exceed ± 1 mm from average and
pletely on the conical mountings. should ideally be less. The laden height can be
7) Check that all jacking bolts have full contact measured between top and base casting at H,
with the foundation frames. on two sides (see fig 2).

2010.08.23
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1693546-9.1 Resilient mounting system for landbased generating
Page 3 (20) B 20 00 0
sets

L28/32H
19) Turn the internal buffer anticlockwise until it
obtains contact with the base casting.
This must be four full turns.
20) Turn the internal buffer 1.5 turn clockwise and
check with a feeler gauge between the base
casting of the conical element and the steel
chock that the internal buffer (4), see fig 1, does
If Then not contact the steel chock.
21) Lock the internal buffer by replacing the top
Difference exceeds ± 1 mm Level the conical element
from average. by adjusting the jacking lock ring (6) and turn it to the nearest thread
bolts – commencing with hole – then secure with the fixing bolt (8) and
the conical element with spring washer (7), see fig 1.
the largest deviation.
Mounting of conical mountings on the
Difference does not exceed The height of steel chock
± 1 mm from average. can be measured. foundation frame
The difference between the two sides of a conical 22) Fix all the conical mountings and the steel
mounting should not be more than 0.6 mm. chocks to the foundation frame with four bolts
per conical mounting.
Measuring of steel chock Note! After completion of all works the buffer clear-
ance of the conical mountings must be checked,
10) Measure the steel chock on several points to see points 18, 19, 20 and 21.
obtain the highest possible accuracy during
preparation.
Instructions for maintenance
Fabricating steel chock Generally speaking the mountings will not require
maintenance or reconditioning in service unless
11) Make sure that the height of the steel chock is misusedor accidently damaged.
approx. 20 mm.
Oil contamination is the most likely cause of dam-
Drill the mounting holes in the steel chock accord- age and therefore the rubber elements are treated
ing to the conical base casting dimensions. with an oil resistant coating.
Certainly elements showing signs of severe swelling
Mounting of the completed steel chock or evidence of rubber to metal seperation should be
12) Turn the internal buffer anticlockwise until it replaced.
contacts the base casting to secure the laden In cases where it is necessary to replace the rubber
height of each conical mounting. insert, we advise to return the complete mounting.
13) Lift the generating set with a crane or hydraulic The central buffer clearance should be examined
jack. and reset if necessary after the first week, after
14) Remove all the jacking bolts. three months, and thereafter to fit in with normal
maintenance programmes.
15) Position each completed steel chock.
The clearance can be cheked by using a feeler
16) Lower the generating set until it rests com-
gauge through the cut in the base casting of the
pletely on the conical mounting.
mountings. A feeler gauge has to pass easily under
17) Number each steel chock together with each the internal buffer.
conical mounting.

Adjustment of internal buffer

18) Turn the internal buffer clockwise until it makes
contact with the steel chock.

2010.08.23
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
Resilient mounting system for landbased generating 1693546-9.1
B 20 00 0 Page 4 (20)
sets

L28/32H

2010.08.23
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1693546-9.1 Resilient mounting system for landbased generating
Page 5 (20) B 20 00 0
sets

L28/32H

2010.08.23
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
Resilient mounting system for landbased generating 1693546-9.1
B 20 00 0 Page 6 (20)
sets

L28/32H
Tolerance of foundation frame
Description Tolerances
Flatness per mounting ± 0.3 mm
Parallelism per mounting length ± 0.3 mm
Parallelism total length ± 1.0 mm

2010.08.23
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1693546-9.1 Resilient mounting system for landbased generating
Page 7 (20) B 20 00 0
sets

L28/32H
Mounting of sandwich elements on the
Mounting and adjustment instructions for foundation frame
new generating sets with sandwich 7) Fix all the sandwich mountings and the steel
mountings chocks to the foundation frame with four bolts
per sandwich.
If the sandwich mountings have not been mounted
by the factory, they must be mounted on the pre-
pared brackets on the base frame. In case they Instructions for maintenance
have been mounted by the factory, please start with Generally speaking the mountings will not require
item number 2. maintenance or reconditioning in service unless
1) Fit the sandwich mountings to the bracket on misused or accidently damaged.
the base frame by means of four M16 bolts, see Oil contamination is the most likely cause of dam-
page 8. age and therefore the rubber elements are treated
2) Align the generating set above the foundation with an oil resistant coating.
frames. The mounting holes in the sandwich Certainly elements showing signs of severe swelling
mountings must be aligned with the holes in or evidence of rubber to metal seperation should be
foundation frames. replaced.
3) Place a steel chock on the foundation frame
underneath each sandwich mounting. Thick-
ness of steel chock: 20 mm.
4) Lower the generating set until it rests com-
pletely on the sandwich mountings.
5) After 48 hours, level and load distribution
should be checked by measuring the height of
the sandwich mounting. The difference between
the sandwich mountings should be as small as
possible and should not exceed ± 2 mm.

The difference between the two sides of a sandwich

mounting should not be more than 1 mm.
6) The mounting(s) with the largest deviation (from
the average) should be adjusted first by machin-
ing the steel chock or adding thin steel shims
between the sandwich mounting and the steel
chock.

2010.08.23
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
Resilient mounting system for landbased generating 1693546-9.1
B 20 00 0 Page 8 (20)
sets

L28/32H

2010.08.23
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1693546-9.1 Resilient mounting system for landbased generating
Page 9 (20) B 20 00 0
sets

L28/32H
Tolerance of foundation frame
Description Tolerances
Flatness per mounting ± 0.5 mm
Parallelism per mounting length ± 1.0 mm
Parallelism total length ± 2.0 mm

2010.08.23
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
Resilient mounting system for landbased generating 1693546-9.1
B 20 00 0 Page 10 (20)
sets

L28/32H
General drawing 5L28/32H Generating set
All missing dimensions are project dependent

2010.08.23
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1693546-9.1 Resilient mounting system for landbased generating
Page 11 (20) B 20 00 0
sets

L28/32H
General drawing 6L28/32H Generating set
All missing dimensions are project dependent

2010.08.23
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
Resilient mounting system for landbased generating 1693546-9.1
B 20 00 0 Page 12 (20)
sets

L28/32H
General drawing 7L28/32H Generating set
All missing dimensions are project dependent

2010.08.23
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1693546-9.1 Resilient mounting system for landbased generating
Page 13 (20) B 20 00 0
sets

L28/32H
General drawing 8L28/32H Generating set
All missing dimensions are project dependent

2010.08.23
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
Resilient mounting system for landbased generating 1693546-9.1
B 20 00 0 Page 14 (20)
sets

L28/32H
General drawing 9L28/32H Generating set
All missing dimensions are project dependent

2010.08.23
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1693546-9.1 Resilient mounting system for landbased generating
Page 15 (20) B 20 00 0
sets

L28/32H
5L28/32H Concrete foundation block
All missing dimensions are project dependent

2010.08.23
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
Resilient mounting system for landbased generating 1693546-9.1
B 20 00 0 Page 16 (20)
sets

L28/32H
6L28/32H Concrete foundation block
All missing dimensions are project dependent

2010.08.23
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1693546-9.1 Resilient mounting system for landbased generating
Page 17 (20) B 20 00 0
sets

L28/32H
7L28/32H Concrete foundation block
All missing dimensions are project dependent

2010.08.23
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
Resilient mounting system for landbased generating 1693546-9.1
B 20 00 0 Page 18 (20)
sets

L28/32H
8L28/32H Concrete foundation block
All missing dimensions are project dependent

2010.08.23
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1693546-9.1 Resilient mounting system for landbased generating
Page 19 (20) B 20 00 0
sets

L28/32H
9L28/32H Concrete foundation block
All missing dimensions are project dependent

2010.08.23
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
Resilient mounting system for landbased generating 1693546-9.1
B 20 00 0 Page 20 (20)
sets

L28/32H

2010.08.23
Test running

B 21
MAN Diesel & Turbo

1699986-3.0
Page 1 (1) Shop Test Programme for Power Plants B 21 01 1

General

Operating points MAN Diesel & Turbo programme

1) Starting attempts X
2) Governor test X
3) Test of safety and monitoring system X
4) Load acceptance test (value in minutes)
Engines driving alternators Continuous rating
Constant speed
(MCR)
25% 30
50% 30
75% 30
100% 60
110% 45

5) Verification of GenSet parallel running, if possible (cos j = 1, unless otherwise stated).

6a) Crankshaft deflection measurement of engines with rigid coupling in both cold and warm condition.
6b) Crankshaft deflection measurement of engines with flexible coupling only in cold condition.
7) Inspection of lubricating oil filter cartridges of each engine.
8) General inspection.

The operating values to be measured and recorded during the acceptance test have been specified in ac-
cordance with ISO 3046-1:2002 and with the rules of the classification societies.

The operation values are to be confirmed by the customer or his representative and the person responsible
for the acceptance test by their signature on the test report.
After the acceptance test components will be checked so far it is possible without dismantling.
Dismantling of components is carried out on the customer's or his representative's request.

07.47
Spare Parts

E 23
 MAN Diesel & Turbo

1613436-8.2
Page 1 (1) Weight and Dimensions of Principal Parts E 23 00 0

L28/32H

369

ø280

Cylinder head approx. 200 kg Piston approx. 40 kg

Cylinder head incl. rocker arms approx. 255 kg

ø378

1006
684
08028-0D/H5250/94.08.12

Cylinder liner approx. 119 kg

Connecting rod approx. 81 kg

10.39
Tools

P 24
MAN Diesel & Turbo

1613467-9.7
Page 1 (2) Standard Tools for Normal Maintenance P 24 01 1

L28/32H

Description Qty. Plate Item

Cylinder Head
Max. pressure indicator 1 62005 10
Lifting tool for cylinder head 1 62005 01
Mounting tool for valves 1 62005 05
Grinding ring for cyl. head and cyl. liner 1 62005 20
Tool for grinding of valves 1 62005 55
Handwheel for indicator valve 1 62005 65

Piston, Connecting Rod and Cylinder Liner

Eye screw for lifting of piston 1 62006 01
Shackle for lifting of piston 1 62006 03
Back stop for cylinder liner 2 62006 09
Plier for piston pin lock ring 1 62006 20
Piston ring opener 1 62006 13
Testing mandrel for piston- and scraper ring grooves 1 set 62006 15-16
Guide ring for mounting of piston 1 62006 11
Lifting tool for cyl. liner 1 62006 45
Torque spanner 20 - 120 Nm 1 62006 26
Torque spanner 50 - 300 Nm 1 62006 27
Eye bolt for piston lift at check of connecting rod 1 62006 07
Magnifier (30x) 1 62006 55
Honing brush 1 62006 50
Funnel for honing of cylinder liner 1 62006 51

Operating Gear for Inlet Valves, Exhaust Valves and

Fuel Injection Pumps
Feeler gauge for inlet valves 2 sets 62008 01
Feeler gauge for exhaust valves 2 sets 62008 02
Extractor for thrust piece on roller guide for fuel pump 1 62008 06

Control and Safety Systems

Automatics and Instruments
Spanner for adjusting overspeed stop 1 62009 01

Crankshaft and Main Bearings

Turning rod 1 62010 01
Crankshaft alignment gauge, autolog 1 62010 05
Lifting straps for main and guide bearing caps 2 62010 15
Guide pipe for main and guide bearing caps 2 62010 10
Dismantling tool for guide bearing shells 1 62010 18
Tool for upper main bearing 1 62010 20

11.49
 MAN Diesel & Turbo

1613467-9.7
P 24 01 1 Standard Tools for Normal Maintenance Page 2 (2)

L28/32H

Description Qty. Plate Item

O-ring 1 62010 21
Guide tools for mounting of upper guide bearing shell 1 62010 25
Angle for mounting on crankweb without counterweight
(for checking of main bearings alignment - autolog) 4 62010 40

Turbocharger System
Container complete for water washing of
compressor side 1 61205 28
Blowgun for dry cleaning of turbocharger 1 61210 136

Fuel Oil System and Injection Equipment

Pressure testing pump, complete 1 62014 01
Spanner for fuel injection pump, left 1 62014 20
Spanner for fuel injection pump, right 1 62014 25
Spanner for fuel injection pump, right 1 62014 27
Spanner for high pressure pipe 1 62014 15
Cleaning tool for fuel injector 1 set 62014 10
Grinding tool for fuel injector seat 1 62014 35
Extractor for fuel injector 1 62014 40
Measuring device for plunger lift 1 62114 42

Lubricating Oil System

Guide bar for dismantling of lubricating oil cooler 2 62015 02

Hydraulic Tools
Pressure pump, complete 1 62021 01
Support for manual high pressure pump 1 62021 10
Distributing piece for cylinder head 1 62021 15
Distributing piece for main and guide bearings 1 62021 20
Hose for hydraulic tools 6 62021 50
Hose with unions for connection of oil pump and distri-
butor piece 1 62021 51
Hydraulic tools for cylinder head, complete 1 62021 25
Tools for cylinder head 1 62021 36
Hydraulic tools for main and guide bearings, complete 1 62021 40
Hydraulic tools for connecting rod 1 62021 70
Angle piece 1 62021 76

Plate no and item no refer to the spare parts plates in the instruction book.

11.49
 MAN B&W Diesel

1613460-6.5
Page 1 (1) Tools for Reconditioning P 24 02 1

L28/32H

Description Qty. Plate Item

Cylinder Head
Grinding table for cyl. head * 1 62005 25
Grinding table as above - on stand * 1 62005 30
Extractor for valve seat ring 1 62005 50
Mounting tool for valve seat ring 1 62005 45
Grinding machine for valve seat rings, complete 1 62005 35
Grinding machine for valve spindles, complete 1 62005 40

Crankshaft and Main Bearings

Lifting handle for main bearing cap 1 62010 30

Fuel Oil System and Injection Equipment

Grinding tool for fuel injector 1 62014 30

* As standard the grinding table is delivered for wall mounting, plate no 62005, item no 25.
As optional it can be delivered on stand, plate no 62005, item no 30.
08028-0D/H5250/94.08.12

Plate no and item no refer to the spare parts plates in the instruction book.

03.11
 MAN B&W Diesel

1613463-1.2
Page 1 (1)
Extra Tools for Low Dismantling Height P 24 04 1

L28/32H

Description Qty Plate Item

For Lift of Piston and Connecting Rod

Collar for connecting rod, complete 1 62050 1896

Shackle for pull lift 2 62050 1897
Pull lift, complete 2 62050 1894

For Lift of Cylinder Liner

Lifting tool complete 1 62050 1895

08028-0D/H5250/94.08.12

Plate no and item no refer to the spare parts plates in the instruction book.

99.51
G 50 Alternator

B 50
MAN Diesel & Turbo

1613538-7.3
Page 1 (3) Information from the Alternator supplier G 50 02 8

L28/32H
Installation aspects. For water cooled alternators the flanges for cooling
water should be placed on the left side of the alter-
For mounting of diesel engine and alternator on a nator seen from the shaft end. The flanges should
common base frame, the alternator supplier should be with counter flanges.
fullfill the dimensions given in fig. 1. Further, inspec-
tion shutters, components and other parts to be
operated/maintained should not be placed below Project Information
the level of the alternator feet on front edge of, and
in the longitudinal direction of the alternator in the 3 sets of Project Information should be forwarded
area covered by the base frame. to MAN Diesel & Turbo SE, according to the delivery
times stated in "Extent of Delivery".
Regarding air cooled alternators, the ventilating outlet
should be placed above the level of the alternator feet. Drawings included in the alternator Project Informa-
tion must have a max. size of A3.

AA AB A
AC B
P C

Overhaul

D
of rotor

E
R

S
H
T G
F

J I

U V X N O
M Y Z K
L

Engine Type H I øJ K L M (min)

5-6L28/32H 295 160 39 1450 1600 280

7-8L28/32H 295 200 39 1600 1800 280
9L28/32H 295 200 39 1600 1800 280

Fig 1 Outline drawing of alternator

10.34
MAN Diesel & Turbo

1613538-7.3
G 50 02 8 Information from the Alternator supplier Page 2 (3)

L28/32H
Project Information should as a minimum contain c. For air cooled alternators following information
the following documentation: is required:

1. General description of alternator. - Max. permissible ambient inlet air temp.

2. "outline" drawing 3. Rotor shaft drawing

Following information is required in order to be able Following information is required in order to be able
to work out drawings for base frame and general to work out torsional vibration calculations for the
arrangement of GenSet. complete GenSet.

Side view and view of driving end with all main di- The rotor shaft drawing must show all the dimensions
mensions, i.e. length, width, height, foot position, foot of the rotor shaft's lengths and diameters as well as
width, shaft height, etc. as well as all the dimensions information about rotor parts with regard to mass
of the alternator's coupling flange, alt. groove shaft pin. inertia moment - GD2 or J (kgm2) and weight (kg).

As minimum all the dimensions in fig. 1 should be

stated.

Further the "outline" drawing is to include alternator

10 50 27
type, total weight with placement of center of gravity R
R35
in 2 directions (horizontal and vertical), direction of 15

revolution, terminal box position, lifting eyes venthole

-0.046

position for air cooled alternators and min. overhaul

Max. Ø290
0

space for rotor, cooler, filter, etc.

Ø400
Ø290

Ø258
Ø250h7

a. For water cooled alternators following informa-

tion is required:
R
6

°
20

- position of connections R1
Min. 230
- dimension of connections
- dimensions of flange connections Direction of rotation
- cooling water capacity Seen from fore

- cooling water temperature

- heat dissipation
- cooling water pressure loss across heat
exchanger
- Amount of water in alt. cooling system

b. For alternators with extern lubricating of

0

bearing(s) following information is required:

35
D
PC

- position of connections 12x31.0 mm holes to be drilled according to MAN Diesel & Turbo
fig. No V-U07B01-05-2. Holes to be reamed together with
- dimensions of connections crankshaft for 32 mm fitted bolt.
- dimensions of flange connections
- required lub. oil flow
- required lub. oil pressure
- pressure regulator (if required/delivered)
- oil sight glas (if required/delivered)
Fig 2 Shaft dimension for alternator, type B 16, cyl. 5 - 6 - 9

10.34
MAN Diesel & Turbo

1613538-7.3
Page 3 (3) Information from the Alternator supplier G 50 02 8

L28/32H

The following components, which are part of the

complete rotor, must be mentioned:
A

A
N7 B

- Shaft
- Pole wheel
165m6

- Exciter
- Ventilator
B
Max. R4
The shaft dimensions for alternator should be ac-
A - A cording to figure 2, 3 or 4.
B - B
10 200
4. Other drawings necessary for installation.

5. Spare parts list.

13
174

6. List of loose supplied components.

40

220
7. Data:
Key & keyway acc. to DIN 6885.1
Shaft end acc. to DIN 748
- Construction form.
- Rated voltage.
Fig 3 Shaft dimension for alternator, type B 20, cyl. 7 - Rated power kVA.
- Rated current, amp.
- Rated power factor.
- Frequency, Hz.
- Insulation class.
A

- Load efficiency in % of nominal load at

N7 B
1/4 - 1/2 - 3/4 - 1/1 load (with cos.phi. =
0.8 and 1.0).
- If the alternator bearings are lubricated
180m6

by the engines' intermal lub. oil system:

B - Max. lub. oil pressure.

Max. R4
- Lub. oil capacity (m3/h).
A - A - Heat radiation.
B - B
10 200
Besides the above-mentioned documentation, 3
sets of alternator test reports should be forwarded.
15
190

In connection with the delivery of alternator, docu-

mentation and spare parts, these should be specified
45

with our order no. and the specific yard or project

220
identification.
Key & keyway acc. to DIN 6885.1
Shaft end acc. to DIN 748
For further information, please contact MAN Diesel
& Turbo SE.
Fig 4 Shaft dimension for alternator, type B 20, cyl. 8

10.34
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1613562-5.4
Page 1 (1) Engine/Alternator Type G 50 02 3

L28/32H

General
Engine speed 720/750 RPM
Cyl. No Standard Alternative option
Alternator type Requirements Alternator type Requirements
5 Cyl. B 16 None B 20 Elastic coupling*

6 Cyl. B 16 None B 20 Elastic coupling*

7 Cyl. B 20 Elastic coupling* - -

8 Cyl. B 20 Elastic coupling* - -

9 Cyl. B 16 None B 20 Elastic coupling*

Alternator type B 16
One bearing type, shaft end with flange.

Alternator type B 20
Two bearing types, shaft end with keyway.
One bearing shall be of the guide bearing type.
* Is required due to torsional vibration calculations.

Note for Re-engineering

In case of using an existing alternator, calculation
for torsional vibrations has to be carried out before
determination concerning intermediate bearing and
elastic coupling can be established.

2013.04.08
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1699865-3.4
Page 1 (3) Alternator cable installation B/G 50 00 0

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF, L23/30DF,

L16/24S, L21/31S, L23/30S, L27/38S, L28/32S
Description

Figure 1: Connection of cables (example)

The following can be used as a guideline:
The fix point of the alternator cables must be as
Main cables close as possible to the centre line of the rotor.
Bending of the cables must follow the recommen-
The resilient installation of the GenSet must be con-
dations of the cable supplier regarding minimum
sidered when fixing the alternator cables.
bending radius for movable cables.
The cables must be installed so that no forces have
If questions arise concerning the above, please do
any effect on the terminal box of the alternator.
not hesitate to contact MAN Diesel & Turbo.
A support bracket can be welded on the engine
Note: The responsibility for alternator cable installa-
base frame. If this solution is chosen, the flexibility in
tion lies with the Installation Contractor. The Installa-
the cables must be between the cable tray and the
tion Contractor has to define the dimension of the
support bracket.
cables with due respect to heat conditions at site,
The free cable length from the cable tray to the cable routing (nearby cables), number of single
attachment on the alternator must be appropriate to wires per phase, cable material and cable type.
compensate for the relative movements between
the GenSet and the foundation.

2014.04.07
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
1699865-3.4
B/G 50 00 0 Alternator cable installation Page 2 (3)

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF, L23/30DF,

L16/24S, L21/31S, L23/30S, L27/38S, L28/32S

Figure 2: Marine operation (example)

Binding radius has to be observed, and furthermore

binding radius for cables used for resilient installed
engines must be observed.

Earth cable connection

It is important to establish an electrical connecting
across the rubber dampers. The earth cable must
be installed as a connection between alternator and
ship hull for marine operation, and as a connection
between alternator and foundation for stationary
operation.
For stationary operation, the Contractor must
ensure that the foundation is grounded according to
local legislation.
Engine, base frame and alternator have internal
metallic contact to ensure earth connection. The
size of the earth cable is to be calculated on the
basis of output and safety conditions in each spe-
cific case; or must as a minimum have the same
size as the main cables.

2014.04.07
MAN Diesel & Turbo
1699865-3.4
Page 3 (3) Alternator cable installation B/G 50 00 0

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF, L23/30DF,

L16/24S, L21/31S, L23/30S, L27/38S, L28/32S

Figure 3: Stationary operation (example)

2014.04.07
MAN Diesel & Turbo
3700084-3.4
Page 1 (2) Combinations of engine- and alternator layout B/G 50 00 0

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF, L23/30DF,

L16/24S, L21/31S, L23/30S, L27/38S, L28/32S
Engine and alternator combinations

For a GenSet the engine and alternator are fixed on # : Option

a common base frame, which is flexibly installed. X : Not recommended
This is to isolate the GenSet vibration-wise from the 1) : Only in combination with "top bracing" between
environment. As part of the GenSet design a full engine crankcase and alternator frame
FEM calculation has been done and due to this and 2) : Need for 'topbracing' to be evaluated case by
our experience some combinations of engine type case
and alternator type concerning one - or two bear-
ings must be avoided. In the below list all combina-
tions can be found.
Comments to possible combinations:

• : Standard

2014.04.08
 MAN Diesel & Turbo
3700084-3.4
B/G 50 00 0 Combinations of engine- and alternator layout Page 2 (2)

L16/24, L23/30H, L28/32H, V28/32S, L21/31, L27/38, L28/32DF, L23/30DF,

L16/24S, L21/31S, L23/30S, L27/38S, L28/32S

2014.04.08
B 25 Preservation and
Packing

B 98
 MAN Diesel & Turbo

1631490-3.2
Page 1 (1) Lifting Instruction B 25 03 0

L28/32H
Lifting of Complete Generating Sets.

The generating sets should only be lifted in the two The crossbars are to be removed after the installation,
wire straps. Normally, the lifting crossbars and the and the protective caps should be fitted.
wire straps are mounted by the factory. If not, it must
be observed that the fixing points for the crossbars
are placed differently depending on the number of
cylinders.

Single crossbars

1 2 3 4 5
Cap nut

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Distance pipe
Cylinder head stud
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Cylinder head nut

Fig. 1. Crossbars' placing on engine. Fig. 2. Crossbars.

Approx 4200
Only for 5 cyl.

Approx 3500
08028-0D/H5250/94.08.12

CL-Crankshaft 1000

Based on MAN Diesel & Turbo standard generator

Fig. 3. Crossbars' and wires placing on engine.

10.38