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Ionization Chamber

The ionization chamber is a simple radiation detector that uses a gas-filled chamber with electrodes to detect ionizing radiation such as X-rays, gamma rays, and beta particles. When radiation passes through the chamber, it ionizes the gas molecules, creating positive ions and electrons that are attracted to the oppositely charged electrodes. This generates a small current that is measured and proportional to the radiation intensity. The current allows measurement of the total ionizing radiation dose entering the chamber.

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217 views1 page

Ionization Chamber

The ionization chamber is a simple radiation detector that uses a gas-filled chamber with electrodes to detect ionizing radiation such as X-rays, gamma rays, and beta particles. When radiation passes through the chamber, it ionizes the gas molecules, creating positive ions and electrons that are attracted to the oppositely charged electrodes. This generates a small current that is measured and proportional to the radiation intensity. The current allows measurement of the total ionizing radiation dose entering the chamber.

Uploaded by

Edon Eduin
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Ionization chamber

The ionization chamber is the simplest of all gas-filled radiation detectors, and is widely used for
the detection and measurement of certain types of ionizing radiation, X-ray, Gamma ray, and
beta particle. Speaking of the name “ionizing chamber” its means to describe that the detectors
that collect charges created during direct ionization inside the chamber via electric field. Based
on the diagram, It contains two electrodes (Anode/Cathode) with a variable potential difference
between them. The passage of radiation through the chamber ionizes the gas and the ions
formed move towards the charged electrodes. The current thus produced, which is amplified in
an associated circuitry, is proportional to the radiation intensity.

When a voltage is applied between the electrodes, it creates an electric field which then the gas
between the electrodes is ionized by incident ionizing radiation, ion-pairs are created and the
+ions and dissociated electrons move to the electrodes of the opposite polarity under the
influence of the electric field. This will generate ionization current which is measured by an
electrometer circuit. The electrometer must be capable of measuring the very small output
current (femtoamperes to picoamperes). Each ion pair created deposits or removes a small
electric charge to or from an electrode, such that the accumulated charge is proportional to the
number of ion pairs created, and hence the radiation dose. This continuous generation of charge
produces an ionization current, which measure of the total ionizing dose entering the chamber.
However, the chamber cannot differentiate between radiation types (beta or gamma) and cannot
produce an energy spectrum of radiation.

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