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INDEX

Accademia del Disegno (Florence), 94, 144, 163 Astudiglio, Francesco, 144
Accademia Fiorentina (Florence), 144, 225n17 atlas, and Danti’s map cycle in Guardaroba, 184. See
Adams, Clement, 73 also Catalan Atlas; Theatrum orbis terrarum
Adams, Robert, 206 Augustus Caesar, 35
Affrica (Buonsignori 1579), 167, 168, 187 Aula Leonina (Lateran Palace), 218n52
Africa: Buonsignori’s commentaries on maps of,
167–8, 189–90; Danti and shifts in cartographic Bandinelli, Baccio, 135
knowledge about, 173, 175–7, 245n13; Gastaldi’s Barbari, Jacopo de’, 18, 58–9, 157
maps of, 71–2, 176, 187, 190, 246n27 Barber, Peter, 248n19
Agrippa, 35 Bede (Venerable Bede), 37
Alberti, Leon Battista, 49, 50–2, 58, 59, 62, 111, Belarus, 172
112, 220n87 Bellarmato, Gerolamo, 157
Alcázar (Madrid), 202, 248n11 Bellavista, Gerolamo, 64
Aldrovandi, Ulisse, 114 Bellini, Gentile, 68, 70
Almagest (Ptolemy), 30, 34, 50, 103, 148–9. See also Bellini, Giovanni, 18
Ptolemy Bennett, James A., 232n15
Almagià, Roberto, 245n19, 246n29, 248n13 Bible, and decoration of San Giovanni Evangelista
Almeni, Sforza, 135, 136, 154, 234n41 (Parma), 197
Amazon Basin and Part of Brazil (Danti after 1569), 87, Biblioteca Marciana (Venice), 42
180, 181 Bicci, Lorenzo di, 110
Ambassadors (Holbein 1533), 74 Biffoli, Agnolo, 236n62
America (Stradano c. 1585), 208, 209 Bigio, Nanni di Baccio, 237n73
America (Vanosino da Varese 1573–75), 20 Billocardo, Bonaventura, 157
Americas, maps of, 19–20, 21, 180–3, 208, 209. See Bindoccio, Cristofano di, 47
also Mexico; North America; South America Bisticci, Vespasiano da, 49
Angeli da Scarperia, Jacopo, 49, 54 Black Sea, 171, 177–8
Arabia (Danti 1575), 140, 141, 183, 245n23 Bocchi, Francesco, 241n124
Arena Chapel (Padua), 48 Bologna: Danti’s fresco of in Vatican’s Gallery of
Aristotle, 28, 29–30, 125 Maps, 239n97; Danti and scientific community of,
armillary sphere, 28–9, 145, 161–4, 242n132, 148–9; view of in Vatican’s Sala Bologna, 200,
242n137, 243n140 201, 248n8
art: chorography and geography in Early Modern Bonaiuto, Andrea di, 48
period and, 52–9; and chorography in Roman Boncompagni, Giacomo, 149
Empire, 36; medieval mappaemundi and Bonsignori, Francesco, 69
cartography as, 37–43; and Ptolemy’s distinction books, and private collecting spaces of Early Modern
between geography and chorography, 31–4; period, 112. See also literature; printing and print
Vasari and Florentine tradition of collecting, culture; text
natural history, and cartography, 24. See also Bordone, Benedetto, 169
decoration Borges, Jose Luis, 60–1
Asia, Danti’s maps of, 169, 179–80, 183–4. See also Borghini, Vincenzo, 116, 120, 135, 141, 143,
China; India 235n97, 237n66
Asia Minor, Danti’s maps of, 177–8, 236n50. See also Borgia, Cesare, 52
Natolia; Natolia II; Natolia et Caramania Borneo, 169
astrological vaults: of Sala Bologna (Vatican), 201, Boscoli, Giovanni di Tommaso, 116
202; of Sala del Mappamondo (Caprarola), 12. See Bourne, Molly, 222n38
also astronomy; constellations; star charts Bracciolini, Poggio, 50
astronomy: and astronomical quadrant, 145; and Bramante, Donato, 65
celestial maps, 101–103; and Ptolemy’s Almagest, Brazil, 180, 181
34. See also astrological vaults; celestial globe; Breydenbach, Bernhard von, 57–8, 59, 221n101
constellations; planetary clocks; star charts Brunelleschi, Filippo, 48

263

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264 I N DEX

Brusa, Giuseppe, 228–9n27 Cetesiphon (Tag-i-Kasra), 102

Buonconsiglio, Vitruvio, 14 Chapel of Eleonora (Palazzo Vecchio), 83
Buoninsegni, Tommaso, 148, 239n90, 245n23 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 9, 201–202, 206
Buonsignori, Stefano: career of in Olivetan Charles V, King of France, 42
monasteries prior to appointment as Guardaroba Chile and the Straits of Magellan (Buonsignori c.
cosmographer, 152–4, 211–12, 240–1n109–10; 1585–86), 185, 186, 187
and completion of Guardaroba map cycle, 93, China, maps of, 19, 140, 179–80, 213n2
128; as cosmographer of Guardaroba, 87, 152–61, China (Danti 1575), 140, 213n2
165, 196, 241n125; Danti’s approach compared to, China, India, the Pacific, and the Americas (Griselini
128–9, 155–6, 167–8, 193, 194; and scientific 1762), 19
community of Florence, 14, 24; and sundials, Chorographia Tusciae (Bellarmato 1536), 157
241n112; and use of cartographic sources for chorography: in Alberti’s Rome and Leonardo’s
painted maps of Guardaroba, 184–94, 246n29, Imola, 52; and decoration in medieval Europe,
246n31, 247n36–7 47–8; and geography in Early Modern period,
Buti, Ludovico, 160, 208 52–9; and private homes in Roman Empire, 36–7;
Byzantine world, and geographic or chorographic Ptolemy and epistemological distinction between
maps, 218n49 geography and, 31–4; and view of Jerusalem in
Byzantine mosaic, 218n49. See also cartography;
cabinets of wonder, 88. See also Guardaroba; studiolo; map(s)
Tesoretto Christianity. See Bible; Catholic Church; Jerusalem;
Cabot, John, 73 theology
Cabot, Sebastian, 73, 223n65 Chrysolaras, Emanuel, 49
Caboto, Giovanni. See Cabot, John Church of Saint-Silvain (France), 44
cadastral maps, and Roman Empire, 32, 35, 36 Cirni, Antonio Francesco, 99
Caesar Writing the “Commentaries” (Vasari 1560), 116 Claissens, Pieter, 206
calendar, Danti and reform of, 145–6, 150 Clement VII, Pope, 115, 228n23
Cambodia, 169 clocks. See planetary clock
Cambrensis, Giraldus, 191 Collenuccio, Teofilo, 69
Cancelleria (Palazzo Vecchio), 81–2, 84 Columbus, Christopher, 50, 208
Cape of Good Hope, 173, 176, 235n50 Comestor, Peter, 39
Caprarola. See Villa Farnese Comoro Islands, 175
De cardinalatu (Cortesi 1510), 62–3 Concistorio (Palazzo Pubblico, Siena), 46
Caribbean Sea and Northern Colombia and Venezuela Consiglio dei Dieci (Palazzo Ducale,
(Danti 1569), 140, 142 Venice), 19, 71
Carpaccio, Vittore, 58, 70 Constantinople, view of in sala of Palazzo Ducale,
Carrara, Francesco da, 109 Venice (Zorzi da Modone 1541–44), 71
Cartaro, Mario, 15 constellations: and astrological decoration of map
cartography: and medieval mappaemundi as art, rooms, 228n19; and celestial globe, 34; and
37–43; translation of sources in painting of maps celestial maps, 101, 103. See also astrological vault;
for Guardaroba, 166–94; as vehicle for spiritual astronomy; sky map
ideas, 197. See also chorography; exploration; Cornelisz, Jan, 207
geography; map(s) Corradi, Girolamo, 68, 70
cartouches, of Buonsignori and Danti in Cortesi, Paolo, 62, 75, 82, 184, 196
Guardaroba, 168 Cosmographia (Münster 1544), 125
Casim Bey, 69 cosmography: and cosmographers associated with
Cassius, Dio, 101–102 Guardaroba, 124–65; Danti’s Indostan and history
Castagno, Andrea del, 109 of European, 3–4; and Guardaroba program as
Catalan Atlas, 42 personalized vision of cosmos by Cosimo I,
Catalan sea chart (mid-fifteenth century), 41 90–123, 126; and legacy of ancient Greece, 29–35;
Catholic Church, and papacy’s inheritance of and Lucian’s Icaromenippus, 27–8; and unfinished
Roman Empire as theme of maps, 65, 204. See also status of Guardaroba, 86–9
Dominican monasteries; Jesuit missionaries; Costa the Younger, Lorenzo, 102
Olivetan monasteries; Papal States; theology; Cox-Rearick, Janet, 103
Vatican Crimea, 171–2
Cavalli, Serafino, 147, 148 Crispolti, Cesare, 233n27
celestial globe, 34, 99 Cristofano dell’Altissimo, 108, 196, 230n48
Cellini, Benvenuto, 105, 135, 228n27, 229n31 Croce, Baldassare, 206
Central America, 183 Cuba, 183

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Dandolo, Doge Francisco, 66 Ebstorf Map (c. 1280–1300), 38, 40

Danti, Egnazio: Buonsignori’s approach compared Edgerton, Samuel Y., Jr., 219n75
to, 128–9, 155–6, 167–8, 193, 194; Cosimo I’s Edward I, King of England, 44–5
interest in promoting career of, 122, 127, 237n70; Edward VI, King of England, 73
death of, 161; and design of Santa Croce (Bosco L’Egitto (Buonsignori 1578), 187, 188–9
Marengo), 143, 237n73; and emblem of Cosimo I, Egypt: and inclusion of Cairo in late
99, 227n7; and Flaminia, 6, 10; fresco view of city fifteenth-century Mantuan map cycles, 68, 70;
of Perugia and surveys in Bologna, 15, 239n96–7; Ortelius’s maps of, 188, 189, 246n31
Gastaldi as source for maps by, 213n2; and globes, England: and decorative cartography in
236n54–6, 237n64; and maps of Mexico, 8–10, 13; mid-sixteenth century, 73–4; and tapestry maps,
and Perusini, 16; portrait of, 149, 239n94; and 206, 249n20
Ptolemy’s distinction between geography and l’Escluse, Charles de, 187–8
chorography, 33–4; publication of treatises, d’Este, Borso, 49
237n66, 237n68; as replacement for Pitti, 132; on d’Este, Cardinal Ippolito, 67
Rinaldi (Piervincenzo), 233n25–6; role of as d’Este, Isabella, 18
cosmographer for Guardaroba, 134–52, 154, 164, Eudoxus of Cnidus, 34
196, 213n1, 225n18, 234n41, 239n90; and exploration: and map cycles of Guardaroba, 22, 208;
scientific community of Florence, 14, 24; and and maps from England in sixteenth century, 73;
scientific instruments, 57, 144, 238n78–9; sections and narrative imagery of Buonsignori’s maps,
of Guardaroba painted by, 87, 136–8, 140, 189–90; references to in late-sixteenth century
235n47; and sources for Indostan fuori il Gange, 1–4, painted cycles, 19–21, 213–14n8. See also
8, 9; and Third Loggia map cycle at Vatican, 76, navigation; Portugal
150, 204, 205; and use of cartographic sources for
painted maps of Guardaroba, 169–84, 244n9, Farnese, Cardinal Alessandro, 12, 20, 198, 200, 207
245n13, 245n21; and Vasari on Guardaroba Farnese, Duke Ottavio, 197
program, 94–5, 96 Filarete, 110, 114
Danti, Girolamo, 134, 135 Findlen, Paula, 112, 114
Danti, Giulio, 33, 134, 144 Fiorani, Francesca, 176, 229n40, 232n7, 235n47,
Danti, Teodora, 134–5 236n55, 246n29
Danti, Vincenzo, 94, 132, 134, 135 Flaminia (Danti 1580–81), 6, 10
David (Donatello), 229n29 Florence: Buonsignori and mapping of, 156–9, 193;
decoration: astrological in sixteenth-century map and cartography in early fifteenth century, 49;
rooms, 227–8n19; and functions of maps in Guardaroba cosmographers and scientific
ancient world, 35–7; and functions of maps in community of, 14, 24; and maps in mid-sixteenth
early- to mid-sixteenth century, 60–78; and century, 76–8; mosaic maps from early thirteenth-
influence of humanism on studioli, 111; and mural century, 218n56; and portrait cycle in
maps of medieval Europe, 43–8. See also art; Guardaroba, 107; role of Guardaroba map cycles
Guardaroba in cosmos of, 79–89; Vasari’s view of, 129–30; and
del Badia, Iodoco, 235n47 View with a Chain woodcut, 53–7
Denti, Sabaoth, 224n73 Florentia (Massaio 1456), 53, 54
Descriptio urbis Romæ (Alberti), 50–1 Florentini Dominii (Buonsignori), 156, 157
Descrittione dell’Africa (Gastaldi 1564), 176 Forlani, Paolo, 20, 21, 176, 183, 188, 198
La descrittione di tutto il Peru (Forlani c. 1562), 20, 21 Forma urbis Romae, 35–6, 61, 217n26
Diogenes Laertius, 35 Forster, Kurt, 103
Doge’s Palace (Venice). See Palazzo Ducale France, 155, 156, 187
Dominic, St., 48 La Francia (Buonsignori 1576 or 1577), 155, 156, 187
Dominican monasteries, 135, 143–4, 148, 237n70 Francis, St., 48
dominio, new surveys or geographic information for Fredi, Bartolo di, 47
maps of, 7, 15, 156–7
Dominio Senese (Buonsignori), 156 Galileo Galilei, 91–2, 127, 163–4, 225–6n2,
Domus Aurea (Rome), 74, 102 243n147
Donatello, 48, 229n29 galleria: and collecting spaces in Early Modern
Duchy of Cornwall mappamundi, 39 period, 113–14; and Guardaroba program,
Dürer, Albrecht, 230n48 118–23; and Tribuna (Uffizi), 226n3
Dupérac, Étienne, 75–6, 77, 128 Gallery of Maps (Vatican): and frescoes of Italian
regions, 10–11, 13, 15, 239n97; and map-cycle
Eastern Europe, and shifts in cartographic competition in sixteenth century, 201–205; and
knowledge, 171 map of Romagna region of Italy, 5

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266 I N DEX

Galluzzi, Paolo, 229n32 Hakluyt, Richard, 223n65

Garzoni, Tomaso, 126 Hapsburg, Johanna von. See Giovanna of Austria
Gastaldi, Giacomo, 2, 4, 8, 19, 71–3, 98, 128, 169, Harley, J. B., 15–17
173, 175, 176, 178, 179, 180, 183, 187, 190, 198, Harvey, P. D. A., 47
213n2, 223n59, 246n27 Henry III, King of England, 44, 45
geography: and chorography in Early Modern Henry VII, King of England, 73
period, 52–9; Guardaroba as illustration of Medici Hereford Map (c. 1300), 40
court’s knowledge of, 166; as interpretive tool for Hipparchus, 34
sacred and secular history in medieval period, 37; Hispaniola, 183
and Lucian’s Icaromenippus, 27–8; and Pitti’s Historia scholastica (Comestor), 39
involvement in Guardaroba, 131, 132; Ptolemy’s Holbein, Hans the Younger, 74
distinction between chorography and, 31–4; and Holstein, Lucas, 214n19
view of Jerusalem in Byzantine mosaic, horizon, and Alberti’s Descriptio urbis Romæ, 51
218n49. See also cartography Houtman, Frederick de, 103
Geography (Ptolemy), 30–1, 32–3, 37, 39, 43, 47, humanism: and decoration of studioli, 111; and
49–51, 53–4, 71, 72, 97, 125, 183. See also Ptolemy Guardaroba as semi-public space, 88; and uses of
La Germania (Buonsignori 1577), 155, 187 cartography in medieval Europe, 48–52
Germanus, Nicolaus, 49 Hyperborean Mountains, 171, 244n7
Ghiberti, Lorenzo, 47, 219n66
Ghirardi, Angela, 239n94 Icaromenippus (Lucian), 27–8
Ghirlandaio, Domenico, 83, 106–107 iconography: of Guardaroba compared to
Ghirlandaio, Ridolfo del, 83 contemporary projects in Florence, 88; of
Ghislieri, Pietro, 15 Renaissance studioli, 231n58. See also narrative
Gibraltar, Straits of, 187–8 imagery
Giotto, 48 Il disegno della terza parte del Asia (Gastaldi 1561), 2, 4, 183
Giovanna of Austria, 7, 92, 140, 168, 196, 225n17 India: Danti’s maps of, 1–3, 183–4; Marco Polo’s
Giovio, Paolo, 108, 229n37 travel narratives on, 2–3. See also Parte del India
Giunti (publisher), 99, 108 dentro al Gange ho[ggi]detta Indostan
globes, and Guardaroba program, 98–100, 103–104, Indonesia and Southeast Asia, Danti’s map of, 169
120, 138–9, 229n29, 236n54–6, 236n61. See also Indostan fuori il Gange (c. 1573–75), 1–4, 9
celestial globes; terrestrial globes Innocent VIII, Pope, 64, 75
gnomons, 145 intarsia, and decoration of studioli, 110–12, 114
Gonzaga, Francesco II (marquis of Mantua), Isidore of Seville, 37, 38
67–70 Isolario (Bordone 1528), 169
Good and Bad Government (Lorenzetti 1337–40), 46 I[sola] di San Lorenzo (Madagascar, Danti 1565), 138,
Gorla, Alberto, 229n32 155, 173–5
Gradino, Bernardino, 234n41 L’isole britaniche le quali contengano il Regno di Inghilterra
Granvelle, Antoine Perrenot de, 18 et di Scotia con ‘Hibernia (Danti 1565), 138
La Grecia (Buonsignori 1585), 187 L’isole moluche con l’altre circu[m]vicine che producano le
Greece (ancient), and cosmography, 29–35. See also gioie et le spetierie (Danti 1563), 123, 132, 136, 138
Aristotle; Ptolemy L’Italia (Buonsignori 1578), 84, 187
Greenland, 191, 235n50, 247n37 Italia (Vanosino da Varese 1573–75), 11, 12
Gregory XIII, Pope, 5, 76, 98, 146, 149, 150–1, 200, Italy: as center of culture of painted maps in late
207, 213n7, 248n12 sixteenth century, 7; frescoes of regions in
Griselini, Francesco, 19, 72, 223n59 Vatican’s Gallery of Maps, 10–11, 13, 15;
Guardaroba (Palazzo Vecchio): cosmographers nationalism and maps in Vatican’s Gallery of
associated with, 124–65; inventory of, 230n41; as Maps, 248n12; and stand-alone painted
notable surviving example of painted maps, 1, 4, perspectival views in private homes or ancestral
21–5; numbering of floors, 224n1; power and palaces, 206. See also Bologna; Florence; Mantua;
competition as driving forces for production of Perugia; Romagna region; Rome; Tuscan state;
map cycle, 195–209; program for as personalized Vatican; Venice
vision of cosmos, 90–123; and role of map cycles
in Florentine cosmos, 79–89; translation of Jenkinson, Anthony, 171, 172, 244n7
cartographic sources in painting of maps for, Jerome, 37
166–94 Jerusalem: as center of world maps in medieval
Guarini, Giambattista, 50 period, 39, 217n36; chorographic view of in
Guildford, Henry, 74 Byzantine mosaic, 218n49; and maps in late
Gulf of Mexico, 183 fifteenth century Italy, 68

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Jesuit missionaries, 180 60–78; and Guardaroba program as personalized

John the Evangelist, 38 vision of cosmos, 90–123; painted as decoration in
John of Holywood, 39, 43, 134–5, 233n26, 233n29 sixteenth century, 1–25; and role of Guardaroba
Judea (Vanosino da Varese 1573–75), 11, 12 collection in sixteenth-century Florence, 79–89.
Julian calendar, 145–6 See also cadastral maps; cartography; chorography;
Julius II, Pope, 65 geography; mural maps; projection methods;
Julius Caesar, 35, 44 public maps; sky map; tapestry maps
Justus of Ghent, 110 mappaemundi: and cartography as art, 37–43; as
features of map halls, 7; and frescoes as
Keyser, Pieter Dirkszoon, 103 decoration, 43–8; placement of Jerusalem at
Khosrow (Persian king), 102 center of, 217n36
Kolb, Anton, 58 map rooms and map halls: function of in late
Kratzer, Nicolaus, 74 sixteenth century, 8; and maps as decoration in
Kuala Lumpur, 169 sixteenth-century Italy, 22–25. See also Gallery of
Kupfer, Marcia, 44 Maps; Guardaroba; Third Loggia
Marcolin, Massimo, 148, 239n90, 245n17
landscape painting, in medieval Europe, 48 Marco Polo, 2–3, 19, 180, 213n3–4
Lateran Palace (Rome), 44, 218n52 Margaret of Austria, 109
Lehmann, Karl, 227n12 Maris Pacifici (Ortelius 1589), 73
Leo III, Pope, 44, 218n52 Marmirolo (palace outside Mantua), 68–9
Leo X, Pope, 190 Martellus Germanus, Henricus, 50
Leonbruno, Lorenzo, 228n19 Martini, Simone, 46, 47
Leonardi, Antonio, 63, 66–7 Masaccio, 48
Leonardi, Sebastiano, 67 Massaio, Piero del, 53–4
Leonardo da Vinci, 52, 146, 230n48 Masolino, 48
Levi-Donati, Gemmarosa, 246n29 Mattea, Bernardo d’Antonio di Monna, 84
Liber chronicarum (Nuremberg Chronicle, Schedel 1493), Mattioli, Pietro Andrea, 183
57–8, 69 Mauritania (Buonsignori 1579), 187
Libia interiore (Buonsignori 1580), 187 Mauro, Fra, 42–3, 66
Library of Congress, 17 Mazzantini, Cosimo d’Andrea, 242n130
Ligorio, Pirro, 128, 224n73 Medici family: painted maps of Guardaroba as
literature, and maps as graphic illustration in illustration of knowledge of geography, 166; and
medieval period, 39. See also books; narrative portrait cycle in Guardaroba program, 110
imagery; printing and print culture; text Medici, Cosimo (il Vecchio) de’, 50, 110, 114, 116
Livonia et Littuania (Danti c. 1565), 170–2 Medici, Cosimo de’: and Danti as cosmographer,
Lombardo, Antonio di Domenico, 242n130 140–7, 150–2, 161–4, 196, 237n70; and early
Longhi, Martino, 237n73 decoration of Palazzo Vecchio, 83; emblem of, 99;
Lopez, Tomé, 245n13 Guardaroba program and personalized vision of
Lorenzetti, Ambrogio, 46–7 cosmos, 28–9, 76, 78–81, 87–9, 90, 92–6,
Lucian, 27–28 103–104, 110, 116, 118–23, 129, 164, 207–208;
De’ ludi matematici (Alberti), 51 Guardaroba project after death of, 85, 127;
Lupattino, Antonio, 139, 237n64 imagery in rooms neighboring Guardaroba, 7,
82–3, 100, 116–18; power of and Guardaroba
Machiavelli, Niccolò, 146 program, 21–2
Madagascar, 173, 175, 177, 236n50 Medici, Ferdinando I de’: and armillary sphere by
Maestá (Martini c. 1315–21), 46, 47 Santucci, 161–2; and Buonsignori as
Magellan, Ferdinand, 73, 208 cosmographer, 159–61, 193, 241n25; and Danti as
Malay Peninsula, 169, 244n5 cosmographer, 148; and Guardaroba program
Mandeville, John, 39 after death of Cosimo I, 127, 208; and termination
Mantegna, Andrea, 69, 115 of Guardaroba project, 86
Mantegna, Francesco, 69 Medici, Francesco I de’: and Buonsignori as
Mantua, maps painted in, 67–70 cosmographer, 129, 152, 155, 156, 159, 164–5,
map(s): competition for power and production of 193, 239n90; and Danti as cosmographer, 147–8,
sixteenth-century map cycles, 195–209; and 150, 184; decorations for wedding of, 7; and
cosmographers associated with Guardaroba, Guardaroba project after death of Cosimo I, 80,
124–65; as decoration in ancient and medieval 85, 127, 139, 140; and studiolo, 120–2, 196
world through late fifteenth century, 26–59; as Medici, Giovanni di Bicci de’, 110
decoration in early- to mid-sixteenth century, Medici, Guilio de’. See Clement VII

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268 I N DEX

Medici, Lorenzo (il Magnifico) de’, 83, 114–15 Nova pulcherrimae civitatis Florentiae topographia
Medici, Piero de’, 110, 114–15 accurastissime delineata (Buonsignori 1584), 129,
Mediterranean Basin (tapestry 1740), 207 157, 158
Menabuoni, Giusto de’, 48 Nubia (Buonsignori 1579), 187
Mercator, Gerard, 18, 23, 75, 103, 170–1, 183, 187, Nuova Spagna (Danti 1565), 8, 9, 13, 138, 175, 180,
191, 193, 198, 244n6, 247n35–7, 248n13 183, 214n13–14
Mexico, Danti’s maps of, 8–10, 136–8, 180, 183. See Nuremberg Chronicle. See Liber chronicarum
also Nuova Spagna Nuti, Lucia, 57
Michelangelo, 135, 225n17, 230n48
Molucca Islands. See L’isole moluche con l’altre circu[m] oikoumene, 31
vicine che producano le gioie et le spetierie Olaus Magnus, 191, 244n9, 247n35
monasteries. See Domincan monasteries; Olivetan Oldoini, Augustino, 233n27
monasteries Old Sacristy (San Lorenzo), 102
Montaigne, Michel de, 4, 14 Olivetan monasteries, 130, 152–3, 169, 211–12,
Montano, Benito Arias, 197 233n23
Montefeltro, Federico da (Duke of Urbino), 110, Orosius, 37
112, 115 Ortelius, Abraham, 23, 72–3, 172, 173, 183, 193,
Monti de la Luna (Mountains of the Moon), 176–7, 223n61, 244n7, 245n21, 246n31, 247n34. See also
245n13 Theatrum orbis terrarum
morality, and meaning of maps in Middle Ages ad Ottoman Empire, 14, 67–8, 69, 70, 71
Early Modern period, 26
Morandi, Francesco (il Poppi), 121 Paganino, Giovanni Antonio, 197
Moschovia (Danti c. 1565), 170, 171, 172, 236n50 Palazzo Ducale (Mantua), 102
Mountains of the Moon. See Monti de la Luna Palazzo Ducale (Urbino), 112
Münster, Sebastian, 125 Palazzo Ducale (Venice), 66–7, 70–3, 110–11. See
mural maps, and maps as decoration in medieval also Sala del Collegio; Sala dello Scudo
Europe, 43–8 Palazzo Medici (Florence), 82, 110, 114–15
Muse Calliope (Vasari 1555–56), 100, 116, 122 Palazzo Pitti (Florence), 117, 130, 147
Museo Galileo (Florence), 105, 154, 163, 232n15, Palazzo dei Priori (Perugia), 15, 206, 239n96
238n78, 241n112–13 Palazzo Pubblico (Siena), 46–8
Museo di Sotria della Scienza (Florence), 105 Palazzo di San Sebastiano (Mantua), 68, 69–70
Palazzo Vecchio (Florence): courtyard of, 8;
narrative imagery: and maps in Sala del decorative imagery in rooms adjacent to
Mappamondo, 200; role of in Buonsignori’s maps, Guardaroba, 7; role of Guardaroba in sequence of
185, 189 rooms in, 80–5. See also Cancelleria; Guardaroba;
Natolia (Danti 1565), 138, 177–8 Quartiere di Leone X; Sala del Gigli; Sala dell’
Natolia II (Danti 1565), 179 Udienza; Sala di Clemente VII; Saletta fresco
Natolia et Caramania (Gastaldi 1564), 180 series; Salone dei Cinquecento; studiolo; Studiolo
nature: mastery of implied by Guardaroba program, of Francesco I; Tesoretto
120; and matching of plant life to geographical Palazzo Venezia (Rome), 64, 67
regions in Third Loggia, 230n54 Palestine, map of at Caprarola (Villa Farnese). See
navigation, and portolan charts as sources for Judea
cartography, 37, 40–1, 42, 213–14n8. See also Palmesi, Vincenzo, 237n69
exploration Panofsky, Erwin, 15, 16, 226n2
Negri, Giulio, 131 Papal States, Danti and survey of, 150
Nero (Roman Emperor), 74, 102 Parigi, Giulio d’Alfonso, 242n128
Neroni, Matteo, 138, 235n47, 236n52 Parte d’Affrica (Buonsignori 1582), 187
New World, and world map in Sala del Parte d’Affrica nuova, et regno di Manicongo
Mappamondo, 199. See also Americas (Buonsignori 1580), 187
Niger River, 190 Parte dell’Agisimba (Buonsignori 1580), 185, 190
Nigetti, Dionigi di Matteo, 84, 138, 235n45, Parte di Buona Speranza (Danti c. 1565), 155, 175, 176
236n52 Parte del India dentro al Gange ho[ggi] detta Indostan
Nile River, 188–9, 246n31 (Danti 1575), 140, 183, 213n2
North America, Danti’s maps of, 183 Parte di Scitia (Buonsignori 1582), 187
North Pole, 190–3. See also Polar Regions Partridge, Loren, 12, 247n6
Nova et aucta orbis terrae descriptio ad usum Passerotti, Bartolomeo, 148–9
navigantium emendatè accommodata (Mercator Paul II, Pope, 64, 67
1569), 191 Paul of Venice, 37

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I ND E X 269

Pazzi Chapel (Santa Croce), 102 projection methods: and development of bird’s eye
Pedrezano, G. B., 71 view in fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries,
Pellini, Pompeo, 233n27 52–9; and medieval navigational maps, 40–1;
Peregrinationes in Terram Sanctam (Breydenbach 1486), Ptolemaic form of, 30–5, 220n78. See also radius
57–8 Prometheus with Mother Nature (Morandi 1570–75), 121
Perugia, Danti’s fresco view of, 15, 149, 239n96 propaganda, and maps of late sixteenth century,
Perusini (Danti 1584), 15, 16 14–15, 23
Peruzzi, Baldassare, 228n19 Ptolemy, 30–5, 36, 39, 43, 48–52, 59, 62, 70, 74, 75,
Petrarch, 109 87, 94, 97–8, 101–103, 119, 125–6, 130, 131, 132,
Philip II, King of Spain, 201, 202, 248n11 135, 162, 164, 169, 171, 177–8, 190, 201, 219n66,
Piazza San Marco (Venice), 105 219n75, 219–20n77, 227n18, 232n7, 244n5. See
Piccolomini, Francesco Todeschini. See Pius III also Almagest; Geography
Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni, 50 public maps, and Roman Empire, 35
Pietro, Meo di, 47 public-private divide, and Guardaroba, 114
Pillars of Hercules, 9 Purchas, Samuel, 223n65
Pinturicchio, 64 Pyrenees, 188
Pio, Ercole, 13, 197
Pitti, Luca, 130 Quartiere di Leone X (Palazzo Vecchio), 83,
Pitti, Miniato, 24, 96, 124–5, 128, 129–34, 136–7, 110, 116
150, 152–4, 164, 195, 228n23, 232n7, 232n12–16, Quiccheberg, Samuel, 225n1
233n21, 233n23, 234n43–4, 240n109
Pius II, Pope, 63–4 radius, and Alberti’s Descriptio urbis Romæ, 51. See also
Pius III, Pope, 63, 67 projection methods
Pius IV, Pope, 75–6, 195, 230n54 Ramusio, G. B., 72, 245n13
planetary clock, by Volpaia in Guardaroba, 104–106, Ranieri, Gianpolo, 105
120, 177, 228–9n27–9, 229n31–2 Razzi, Serafino, 235n47
Plantijn, Christoffel, 18 Reuwich, Erhard, 57, 58, 59
Pliny the Elder, 35, 36, 110, 217n23 Rialto (Venice), 45–6, 66
Poccianti, Michele, 131 Ricci, Matteo, 215n29
Polar Regions, maps of (Buonsignori c. 1586), 187, Ricciarelli, Leonardo, 116
190–3, 246n29, 247n35–7 Richard of Haldingham and Lafford, 40
politics: and maps of Italy in Vatican’s Gallery of Rinaldi, Giovanni Battista, 134, 233n27
Maps, 248n12; and messages of maps in Middle Rinaldi, Piervincenzo, 134, 233n25–6
Ages and Early Modern period, 26; and patronage Robbia, Luca della, 115
for painted maps and mythological painting, Roberti, Ercole de’, 68
12–13. See also power Rodriguez, Luigi, 206
Porena, Filippo, 224n76 Romagna region (Italy), 5, 6, 213n7
portolan charts. See navigation Roman Empire: and maps as decoration, 35–7;
Portrait of Christopher Columbus (Cristofano papacy’s inheritance of as theme of maps, 65,
dell’Altissimo 1556), 108 204. See also Julius Caesar; Nero; Pliny the Elder
Portrait of Egnazio Danti (Passerotti 1576–78), 148, 149 Rome: and decorative maps in late fifteenth and
portrait cycle, in Guardaroba program, 106–12 early sixteenth centuries, 63–5; and maps from
Portugal, and impact of early sixteenth-century mid-sixteenth century, 75–6. See also Vatican
explorations on cartographic knowledge, 169, Rosselli, Francesco, 53–6, 58–9, 64, 78, 220n94
173, 176, 183, 190 Ruscelli, Girolamo, 33, 72, 231–2n7, 246n31
Pourbus, Pierre, 206 Russia, 170, 171, 172, 173, 236n50, 244n7
power: and Buonsignori’s approach to cartouches in Russiae, Moscovisae et Tartariae descriptio (Ortelius
Guardaroba, 168; and Cosimo I de’ Medici’s 1570), 172, 173
motivation for Guardaroba project, 21, 92; map
cycle of Guardaroba as expression of, 195–209. See Sabatini, Lorenzo, 102, 200
also politics; propaganda Sacrobosco, Johannes de. See John of Holywood
printing and print culture: and map cycles of St. Mark (Donatello 1411–13), 48
Guardaroba, 22; and printed maps as sources for Sala Bologna (Vatican), 102, 200–202
site-specific painted maps, 1–2, 14; relationship of Sala di Clemente VII (Palazzo Vecchio, Florence),
cartographic cycles with, 18, 23; and scholarly 55–6, 129
approach to maps in Early Modern period, 48–52; Sala del Collegio (Palazzo Ducale, Venice), 70–1
and trends in cartography, 5–6. See also books; Sala del Consiglio (Palazzo Pubblico, Siena), 46–8,
literature; text 218n52

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270 I N DEX

Sala dei Giganti (Padua), 230n43 Siena, 46–7

Sala dei Gigli (Palazzo Vecchio, Florence), 83–5, 93, Siege of Florence (Vasari 1560–61), 56
97, 104, 105, 106–107, 109, 120, 130, 161, 229n29, Soderini, Piero, 83
242n130 solstices, gnomons and measurement of, 145
Sala del Mappamondo (Villa Farnese, Caprarola), 4, Sosigenes (astronomer), 125, 146
5, 11, 12, 197–200 South America, maps of, 19–20, 21, 71, 87, 155,
Sala delle Nappe (Palazzo Ducale, Venice), 66–7 180–3, 245n21
Sala Regia (Palazzo dei Priori, Viterbo), 206 La Spagna (Buonsignori c. 1577), 155, 187–8
Sala dello Scudo (Palazzo Ducale, Venice), 19, 71–3, Spain, maps of, 155, 187–8, 201–202, 203, 248n11
94, 98, 128, 246n27 De sphaera (John of Holywood), 39, 134
Sala dell’Udienza (Palazzo Vecchio, Florence), 83 star charts, 101–103. See also astronomy;
Saletta fresco series, 109 constellations
Salone dei Cinquecento (Palazzo Vecchio, Strabo, 43, 100
Florence), 81–2, 83, 84, 106 Stradano, Giovanni. See Straet, Jan van der
Salviati, Francesco, 83 Straet, Jan van der, 78, 116, 130, 208, 209
San Bartolomeo a Monte Uliveto (Florence), 55, Straits of Magellan, 185–7
130, 153–5, 158, 211–12, 233n23 studietto, of Piero de’ Medici (Palazzo Medici,
San Domenico (Bologna), 148 Florence), 114–15
San Domenico (Perugia), 135, 234n35 studiolo: as collecting spaces in Early Modern period,
Sangallo the Younger, Antonio, 134 112–18; definition of, 91; and Francesco de’
San Giovanni Evangelista (Parma), 197, 198 Medici, 140; and Guardaroba program, 118–23;
San Lorenzo (Florence), 102 iconography of, 231n58; interrelationship of
San Lorenzo Maggiore (Naples), 206 portraiture, intarsia decoration, and collecting
San Marco (Florence), 135, 136, 233n21 cabinets in, 111; in Palazzo Ducale (Venice), 110
San Michele (Venice), 43 Studiolo of Francesco I (Palazzo Vecchio, Florence),
San Michele in Bosco (Bologna), 153 116, 120–2, 140, 159, 161, 196
San Miniato al Monte (Florence), 130, 153, 211, Subequatorial South American interior (Danti after
218n56, 232n8, 232n12, 240n109 1569), 180, 182, 183
San Nicolò (Treviso), 109 Suetonius, 227n12
Sansovino, Francesco, 66, 67 Sumatra, 169, 244n5
Santa Croce (Florence), 48, 102, 117 sundials, 145, 154–5, 238n79, 241n112
Santa Maria del Fiore, 48, 107
Santa Maria Novella (Florence), 48, 53, 117, 136, tapestry maps, 206, 207, 248n19–20
138, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, 161–2, 164 telaruoli (linen merchants), 45
Santucci delle Pomarance, Antonio, 24, 28, 29, 125, terra incognita, and Buonsignori’s maps of Africa, 190
128, 138, 139, 145, 160, 161–4, 243n147, 246n29 Terrazzo delle Matematiche (Uffizi), 160
Sanudo, Marino, 67, 222n24 terrestrial globes, 99, 103–104, 138, 139, 163
Sarchi, Bartolomeo di Matteo, 242n130 Tesoretto (Palazzo Vecchio, Florence), 116, 117
Savi dei Collegio (Palazzo Ducle, Venice), 66 text, mappaemundi and reading of, 38–9. See also
Scala, Bartolomeo, 229n34 books; literature; printing and print culture
Schedel, Hartmann, 57 Thailand, 169
La Schiavonia (Buonsignori 1578), 187 Theatrum orbis terrarum (Ortelius 1570), 6, 15, 16, 22,
Schöner, Johannes, 215n29 98, 129, 157, 170, 187, 188, 189, 206, 244n7,
Schulz, Juergen, 8, 37, 43, 56, 58–9, 64 247n6. See also Ortelius, Abraham
scientific instruments: designed and fabricated by theology: and competition in cosmographical
Danti, 144–6, 238n78–9; production of by decoration, 197; and geography in medieval
Buonsignori, 154–5. See also armillary sphere; period, 37; and messages of maps in Middle Ages
planetary clock; sundials and Early Modern period, 26; and temporal
Le scienze matematiche ridotte in tavole (Danti 1577), history in medieval mappaemundi, 39–40. See also
33, 150 Catholic Church
Scrittoio (Palazzo Vecchio, Florence) 100 Thile (Danti 1565), 138
Seneca, 74 Third Loggia (Vatican), 14, 33, 75–6, 77, 94, 98, 124,
Septimus Severus, 35–6, 101–102 150–1, 195 , 201, 204, 205, 214n20, 230n54
Settle, Thomas B., 234n35, 236n55, 238n78, time, and temporal history in medieval mappaemundi,
243n147 39–40
La sfera del mondo ridotta in cinque tavole Titian, 230n48
(Danti 1567), 143 Tommaso da Modena, 109
Siberia, 187 Toscanelli, Paolo dal Pozzo, 50

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I ND E X 271

Traini, Francisco, 48 Vatican: and Danti as cosmographer, 150–1; and

Trans-Appennine canal, 146, 164 map-cycle competition in sixteenth century,
Trecento painting, 47–8 200–205. See also Gallery of Maps; Gregory XIII;
Tribuna (Uffizi), 85, 88, 89, 93, 108, 114, 159, 196, Papal States; Third Loggia
226n3, 241n124 Velho, Bartolomeu, 176
Trinity (Masaccio 1426–27), 48 Venetie (de’Barbari 1500), 18, 58–9
Triumph of Death (Traini), 48 Venice: de’ Barbari’s woodcut view of in 1500, 18,
Triumphs of Caesar (Mantegna), 69 58–9; contribution of to exploration in early
Trogloditica (Buonsignori 1579), 185, 187 sixteenth century, 19; decorative maps of in late
Tuscan state, Buonsignori and mapping of, 156–7 fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, 65–7; and
Gastaldi’s maps for Doge’s Palace, 19; maps of in
Uberti, Lucantonio degli, 53, 220n94 mid-sixteenth century, 70–3
Uffizi (Florence), 85, 92, 108, 114, 120, 160–2. See Vespucci, Amerigo, 11, 208
also Tribuna Vettori, Pietro, 135
Ukraine, 172 Via Veritatis (Bonaiuto c. 1366–68), 48
L’ultime parti note nel Indie Occide[nta]li (Danti 1564), View with a Chain (Rosselli c. 1480s), 53–9, 64, 78,
136, 137, 180 157–8
Universalis cosmographia (Waldseemüller 1507), View of City of Bologna (unknown [Lorenzo Sabatini?]
17, 18 1574–75), 201
“universal theater,” and concept of Guardaroba, 208 View of Venice (Reuwich 1486), 57, 58
University of Bologna, 148, 200 View of Zaragoza (van den Wyngaerde 1563), 203
University of Pisa, 144, 163 Vilani, Filippo, 109
uomini famosi (great historical exemplars), cycle of in Villa Belvedere (Vatican), 64, 65, 75
Guardaroba, 106–12 Villa Carducci (Legnaia), 109
Upper Church of San Francesco (Assisi), 48 Villa Farnese (Caprarola), 4, 5, 11–12, 19–21,
Urban VIII, Pope, 13 102–103, 198–200
De viris illustribus (Petrarch), 109
Vagnetti, Luigi, 220n87 Le vite de’più illustri pittori, scultori ed architettori (Vasari
van den Wyngaerde, Anton, 202, 203, 248n11 1568), 86, 93–9, 108, 136, 195, 197, 226–7n4–5,
Vannelli, Giuliano, 104, 130, 153, 228n23, 228n25, 228–9n27, 233n23
229n29, 232n14 Vitruvius, 36, 159
Vanni, Francesco, 159 Volpaia, Girolamo della, 229n28
Vanosino da Varese, Giovanni Antonio, 11, 12, 13, Volpaia, Lorenzo della, 95, 96, 104–106, 120, 177,
20, 33–4, 75, 77, 102, 199, 202, 205, 224n75 228–9n27, 230n41. See also planetary clock
Vasari, Giorgio: and Danti as cosmographer, 136–7, Volterra, Daniele da, 135
234n43; Guardaroba program and Cosimo I’s
personalized vision of cosmos, 21, 90, 93–7, 99, Waldseemüller, Martin, 17–18, 215n29
100, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107–108, 109, 110, 111, Westminster Castle (England), 44–5
116, 117–18, 122, 123, 197; Guardaroba project Whitehall Palace (England), 73–4
after death of, 85; and imagery in rooms Winchester Castle (England), 44, 45, 46
neighboring Guardaroba in Palazzo Vecchio, 7, Wolgemut, Michael, 58
83; personal involvement of in Guardaroba Woodward, David, 37
project, 86, 225n17; on Pinturicchio’s style as World Map (Giovanni Antonio Vanosino da Varese
“Flemish,” 64; and Pitti as cosmographer, 96, 1573–75), 198, 199
130–4; and portraits in Guardaroba, 230n40, Wunderkammer, 22, 90, 92
230n48; and tradition of Florentine art, collecting,
natural history, and cartography, 24; and views of Zacharias, Pope, 44
Florence, 55–6, 57, 129–30; on Volpaia clock, Zeno, Pietro, 71
228–9n27, 229n29. See also Le vite de’più illustri Zenobius, St., 106–107
pittori, scultori ed architettori Zorzi da Modone, Giovanni Domenico, 70–1,
Vasco de Gama, 245n13 223n48–9

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