Padjadjaran Nursing Journal (Jurnal Keperawatan Padjadjaran)

ISSN 2338-5324 (print)

ISSN 2442-7276 (online)
Online di http://jkp.fkep.unpad.ac.id
DOI : 10.24198/jkp

The Effect of Five-Finger Relaxation Technique to The Sleep Quality of

Breast Cancer Patients

Rosliana Dewi1, Laili Rahayuwati2, Titis Kurniawan3

1
STIKES Sukabumi, 2,3Faculty of Nursing Universitas Padjadjaran
Email: roslianadewi@ymail.com

Submitted: 5-4-2018 Accepted: 11-8-2018 Published: 11-8-2018

Abstract

Sleeping disorder is a symptom often suffered by breast cancer patients. To overcome it, five-finger relaxation
technique is considered helpful. In previous research, this technique can be utilized to lower the level of anxiety and
fatigue. This research, therefore, aims at identifying the effect of five-finger relaxation technique to the sleep quality
of breast cancer patients. The research method used that of quasi experiment with pre-test and post-test control
group design. The population included breast cancer patients within the service of the healthcare in Sekarwangi
Hospital and R. Syamsudin SH Hospital. Sampling was done consecutively. The number of samples from control
and intervention group were 30 people each. The intervention group received a standard hospital therapy and five-
finger relaxation technique divided in 15 sessions with 10-15 minutes time every other day for 1 month. Meanwhile,
the control group received only a standard hospital therapy. The measurement tool was PSQI. The analysis used
paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test. The result of the research has shown a difference in scores
during pre-test and post-test of the sleep quality on both groups due to p value < 0.05. A difference has striken on the
scores of sleep quality between control and intervention group with the latter having higher scores than the former.
It can be concluded that five-finger relaxation technique does affect the quality sleep of breast cancer patients. The
result of this research can be an additional intervention to decrease the symptoms suffered by breast cancer patients.

Keywords: Breast cancer, five-finger relaxation technique, sleep quality.

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Rosliana Dewi: The Effect of Five-Finger Relaxation Technique to The Sleep Quality of Breast Care

Introduction can even impair the patient’s ability to

obey medication protocols, perform daily
Cancer is one of the main causes of morbidity activities, and maintain conventional life
and mortality worldwide. Globally, almost 1 standards (Kwekkeboom, Chermin, Lee, &
of 6 deaths are due to cancer, around 70% Wanta, 2010).
of which occurs in countries with middle- Some of the symptoms most reported
and low-income per capita. Further, WHO due to cancer and its medication include
claimed that one of the most common cancer- sleeping disorder, fatigue, pain, loss of
related deaths is breast cancer with 571.000 physical abilities, sarcopenia, cachexia, and
fatalities in 2015 (WHO, 2017). osteoporosis (Mustian, Cole, Lin, & Asare,
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed 2016). Among these, sleeping disorder is the
cancer of all and the main cause of cancer- most often suffered by breast cancer patients
related deaths for women worldwide. Based (Gehrman, Garland, Matura, & Mao, 2016).
on the total of 23% cancer cases, 14% of A cancer-diagnosed woman typically
which is of breast cancer, and around 1.15 possesses a high sleeping disorder prevalence
million patients are diagnosed with invasive during treatment and recovery (Palseh,
breast cancer every year. Moreover, about 40 Ulusakarya, Tudela, & Gerry, 2013);
million women died each year of it (Juvet et (Mustian, Cole, Lin, & Asare, 2016). These
al., 2017). patients thus have a higher risk of lower life
According to Basic Health Research in quality, immune system, cognitive abilities,
2013, the prevalence of breast cancer in and abilities to perform daily routine.
Indonesia reaches up to 0.5 to 1000 women. A treatment, therefore, is necessary for
More than 80% breast cancer cases in this. Two approaches are being implemented;
Indonesia were on the advanced stage, where one is pharmacologically and the other is
medication is found rare to be successful. non-pharmacologically. The former approach
Meanwhile, West Java is the third province includes Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
with the highest number of breast cancer (CBT), an effective non-pharmocological
phenomena, which is 6701 people with 0.3% therapy to overcome problems related
prevalence (The Ministry of Health RI, 2016). to sleeping disorder. It is a short-term
Breast cancer may affect the patient in therapy (12 to 20 sessions) that emphasize
some aspects, including physical (pain, the importance of patient’s thoughts in
helplessness, exhaustion, sleeping disorder, deciding what they feel and what they will
and disrupted mobility), psychological (full do (Kwekkeboom, Chermin, Lee, & Wanta,
of uncertainty, anxiety, and depression), 2010); (Bower, Julienne E, 2008; Mendoza,
social (isolation from society and financial Capafons, Gralow, Syrjala, & Rodriguez,
burden), and spiritual (guilt, inner conflict 2016; Mustaffa, Abu, & Yusouf, 2012).
as to accepting and denying the fact of her One of the applicable CBT form is
being ill) (Lubis & Hasnida, 2009); (Tirgari, relaxation technique. It is a technique
Iranmanesh, Fazel, & Kalantari, 2012). The which creates a relaxing condition to the
crystal ball of it all leads the breast cancer autonomous nervous systems, leading up
patient to have lower life quality (Zou, Hu, & to a stabilized blood supply in muscles and
McCoy, 2014). decrease oxygen consumption, heart rates,
The implementation of breast cancer is perspiration, and muscle activities (Nugroho,
done through a series of medicational stages. 2016). Other relaxation techniques include
The most common cancer treatments are autogenic training, progressive training and
surgery/incision, chemotherapy, radiational meditation (Lichstein, 1988).
therapy, hormonal therapy, body immune One of the autogenic training techniques to
therapy, and/or the combination of all. overcome psychological disturbances is five-
Although these types of treatment might finger relaxation technique. It is a process
recover the patient’s condition, it might cause that utilizes the power of mind by moving the
side effects as well as a set of physical and body for self-recovery and maintain health
psychological symptoms (Mustian, Cole, Lin or a relaxed state of mind through inner
& Asare, 2016). Some of those conditions communication involving all senses such as

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Rosliana Dewi: The Effect of Five-Finger Relaxation Technique to The Sleep Quality of Breast Care

smell, sight, and hearing (Davis & McKay, hospital protocol is applied without the five-
2008). Smeltzer and Bare also stated that finger technique. The technique is done to the
five-finger relaxation technique is useful to intervention group for one month every other
handle anxiety of the patients because from day. The total of the sessions is 15, with 1
a guided process of imagination will create session spending 10 to 15 minutes each.
a vision accepted by the receptions from all The five-finger relaxation technique
senses, creating a relaxed state of mind. method can be done around 10 minutes
The evidence of how the five-finger through deep concentration and a relaxed state
relaxation technique is good for an alternative of mind. It can be done by pressing the thumb
for breast cancer patients yet remains against the middle finger, while remembering
unidentified. Based on this result, the aim the happiest moment of the patient’s life. This
of this research is to identify the effect of is followed by pressing the thumb against the
five-finger relaxation technique toward the ring finger, while remembering the last time
sleep quality of breast cancer patients in the patient had received appraisals. Lastly,
Sekarwangi Hospital and R. Syamsudin, SH the technique involves the thumb pressing
Hospital. against the ring finger, while remembering
the most beautiful place the patient has ever
visited (Keliat, et al., 2011).
Method The instrument used is Indonesian-
translated questionnaires; this is to measure
The research design is quasi experiment with the sleep quality using Pittsburgh Sleep
pre-test and post-test control group design. Quality Index (PSQI) (Nugroho, 2016). The
The population in this research is all breast time of data sampling and experiment in this
cancer patients within the healthcare service research was done from 23 December 2017
of Sekarwangi Hospital in Sukabumi District to 2 March 2018. The ethics of this research,
and R. Syamsudin Hospital, SH in the city of before researching the selected samples, were
Sukabumi. The sampling technique is done adjusted upon the informed consent from the
consecutively with the number of samples respondents that they are fully conscious to
as many as 60 respondents; 30 respondents be involved in this research.
for each intervention and control group.
In intervention group, a hospital standard
protocol is applied to breast cancer patients, Result
in addition to five-finger relaxation technique.
Meanwhile, in control group, a standard A. Respondent’s Characteristics
Table 1 Homogeneity Test of Respondent’s Characteristics to the Intervention and Control
Group
Characteristics Group X2 P
Intervention Control
f % f %
Age
<40 9 30 6 20 0.800 0.371
> 40 21 70 24 80
Marital Status
Married 22 73.3 24 80 0.373 0.542
Single 8 26.67 6 20
IMT
<18.50 7 23.33 10 33.33 0.739 0.390
18.50–24.99 23 76.67 20 66.67
Employment

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Rosliana Dewi: The Effect of Five-Finger Relaxation Technique to The Sleep Quality of Breast Care

Employed 4 13.33 4 13.33 0.001 1.000

Unemployed 26 86.67 26 86.67
Education
Elementary 16 53.33 18 60 0.694 0.707
Middle 14 46.67 12 40
Duration of Illness
<1 year 24 80 22 73.33 0.373 0.542
> 1 year 6 20 8 26.67
Stadium
Stadium 1 17 56.67 14 46.67 0.764 0.682
Stadium 2 8 26.67 11 36.67
Stadium 3 5 16.66 5 16.66
The description of respondent’s 1. Sleep Quality
characterics from both control and The description result of mean score of
intervention group are presented as follows. sleep quality. The mean difference test during
Based on the table 4.1, the result of pre-test and post-test toward the score of
homogeneity test for all aspects of the sleep quality using paired sample t-Test and
respondent’s characteristics shows p > 0.05. mean difference test control and intervention
This means that the respondent’s group uses Independent sample t-Test. The
characteristics in the control and intervention analysis result will be explained on table 4.2
group are similar. as follows.
In detail, the characteristics in intervention Table 4.2 shows that the mean and SD
and control group, respectively, show that score of sleep quality in control group
they are generally aged more than 40 years undergoes a decrease from 16.67 (1.184) to
old (70% and 805), maried (73.33% and 15.40 (1.133). For the intervention group, it
80%), have an IMT within range 18.50– also undergoes a decrease from 16.97 (1.608)
24.99 (76.67% and 66.67%), are unemployed to 14.87 (1.332). Both groups undergo a
(86.67%), elementary-school graduates decrease in PSQI scores that indicate that
(53.33% and 60%), suffering cancer for more their sleep quality has gotten better.
than 1 year (80.00% and 73.33%) and in the Table 4.2 also shows a difference in pretest
first stage of cancer (56.67% and 46.67%). and posttest scores to the control group
from 16.67 to 15.40 (p value = 0.000). For
B. Univariate and Bivariate Analysis the intervention group, there is also a mean
Table 2 Test Results of Pre-Post with Paired Sample t-Test and Difference Test Results with
t-Independent Test to the Scores of Sleep Quality
PSQI Scores Mean Paired Sample t-Test Uji t-Independen Mean Diff.
Mean t Mean Mean t
Diff. Diff. Marg.

Control Group
Pre-Test 16.67 1.27 5.917 0.000 1.27
Post-Test 15.40 0.83 2.338 0.023
Intervention
Group
Pre-Test 16.97 2.10 7.367 0.000 2.10
Post-Test 14.87

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difference in pre-test and post-test scores from sleep quality. The result of this research
16.97 to 14.87 (p-value = 0.000). Both groups supports the argument saying that the five-
have improved, despite the significantly finger relaxation technique is effective to
higher margin scores in intervention group give a relaxing effect, provide comfort, lower
than in control group (p value = 0.023). anxiety level, and cause drowsiness (Bell,
McLeod, Nelson, Fehnel, & Zografos, 2011).
The five-finger relaxation technique is also
Discussion able to trigger alpha waves and increase
delta waves during sleep. This will maintain
A. Sleep Quality a deep-sleep condition that minimizes the
Sleeping disorder in breast cancer patients chance of the body from getting suddenly
cover various kinds of sleeping disorder such awaken at night (Tang, Liou, & Lin, 2010).
as insomnia, restless leg syndrome, and sleep Complementary therapy such as the five-
apnea. Although this might occur more often finger relaxation technique can be one of
to female breast cancer patients, insomnia is the management alternatives in improving
among the most occurring. sleep quality non-pharmacologically. One
In this research, both control and of the benefits of this therapy is that it
intervention group undergo an increase reduces the risk of side effects to occur from
in sleep quality. However, the increase in hypnotic-sedative drugs, which might just
intervention group is significantly higher worsen insomnia complaints. Therefore,
than in control group. In control group, the it will help to reduce the patient’s cost and
increase occurs because the participants were increase her level of satisfaction and prevent
given a standard hospital therapy that covers complication of unsolved sleeping disorders
the recovery for general conditions such as from happening.
blood transfusion, symptomatic treatment, Therefore, the technique is effective
and wound treatment from breast cancer. for independent nursing treatment or done
The five-finger relaxation technique gives individually by patients and their family at
a positive impact to the sleep quality of breast home.
cancer patients. This therapy gives a positive
result when done routinely. The mechanism Limitations
of autonomous nerves will be affected by In this research process, the daily activities
emerging changes and occur during the of the respondents were not strictly observed
relaxation or after. The technique also creates and controlled. The activities were reported
emotional responses and soothing effects, by the respondents themselves in a form of a
shifting the sympathetic dominant nervous log-book, and honesty was crucial.
system to be parasympathetic nervous In this research, many things have not
system. The combination of deep breath been explored by the researcher, such as
technique and meditation done in five-finger contributing factors to the sleep quality
relaxation technique may trigger the release and such pain as psychosocial factor.
of neurotransmitter NO (nitride oxide) which Psychosocial factors like stress, anxiety,
affects the performance of simple muscles to can be theoretically explained with the three
become more relaxed and stimulate the blood observed symptoms.
veins for vasodilatation. This will accelerate
the work of blood supply to the body and Nursing Implication
produce more energy (Welz, 1991). This research has the affect to develop the
Muafiro also stated that the five-finger field of nursing, specifically in handling
relaxation technique may lower the level of the symptoms of sleep quality to breast
anxiety of cervix cancer patients with p-value cancer patients. This research proves that
= 0.000 (p<0.05). Similarly, Banon also the intervention of the five-finger relaxation
claims that the technique is effective to lower technique significantly improves sleep
the level of anxiety of hypertension patients quality. It is expected that the research result
with significance value of 0.019 (p<0.05). can be a research material for the hospital in
It also gives positive impact as to improve treating the breast cancer patients, particularly

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Rosliana Dewi: The Effect of Five-Finger Relaxation Technique to The Sleep Quality of Breast Care

those with sleeping disorder. Asmadi. (2008). Teknik Prosedural

This research has shed a new light compared Keperawatan Konsep dan Aplikasi Kebutuhan
to previous research that only focuses on Dasar Klien. Jakarta: Salemba Medika.
verifying one symptom individually. It has
proven that five-finger relaxation technique Banon, E., Dalami, E., & Noorkasiani.
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a way caused by the similar psychological untuk Menurunkan Tingkat Ansietas Pasien
issue. Hipertensi. Jurnal Keperawatan Poltekes
Kemenkes III.

Conclusion Bell , C., McLeod, L., Nelson, L., Fehnel ,

S., & Zografos . (2011). Development and
The five-finger relaxation techniqe has a Psychometric Evaluation of a New Patient-
positive influence to the decrease of sleep Reported Outcome Instrument Measuring
quality to breast cancer patients. the Functional Impact of Insomnia. Quality
Advice of Life Research, 20, 1457-1468.
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