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Physical Metallurgy: Page 18 of 74

The document outlines the topics covered in a course on physical metallurgy. The six units cover: 1) crystal structures and properties of common metallic crystal systems; 2) crystalline imperfections including point defects and dislocations; 3) phase diagrams and microstructure development; 4) strengthening mechanisms such as grain size strengthening and precipitation hardening; 5) atomic diffusion in solids; and 6) effects of cold working and recrystallization processes on microstructure and properties. Reference books on materials science and engineering are also listed.

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Narasimha Murthy Inampudi
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43 views2 pages

Physical Metallurgy: Page 18 of 74

The document outlines the topics covered in a course on physical metallurgy. The six units cover: 1) crystal structures and properties of common metallic crystal systems; 2) crystalline imperfections including point defects and dislocations; 3) phase diagrams and microstructure development; 4) strengthening mechanisms such as grain size strengthening and precipitation hardening; 5) atomic diffusion in solids; and 6) effects of cold working and recrystallization processes on microstructure and properties. Reference books on materials science and engineering are also listed.

Uploaded by

Narasimha Murthy Inampudi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PHYSICAL METALLURGY

UNIT – I: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES

Review of atomic bonds-crystal systems and Bravais lattices, principal metallic crystal systems-
BCC, FCC, HCP, atom positions and directions in cubic unit cells, miller indices for
crystallographic planes in cubic unit cells, crystallographic planes and directions in hexagonal
unit cells, volume, planar and linear atomic density calculations, allotropy, single crystal and
polycrystalline materials, anisotropy, X-ray diffraction and determination of crystal structures,
non-crystalline solids.

UNIT – II: CRYSTALLINE IMPERFECTIONS

Types of point defects, vacancy dependence on temperature, solid solutions, formation of


substitutional solid solutions and interstitial solid solutions, line defects-dislocations-edge, screw
and mixed dislocations- Burger's vector-slip and twinning. Planar defects-grain boundaries, high
angle and small angle grain boundaries, grain size determinations. Volume defects-voids in BCC
and FCC unit cells.

UNIT – III: PHASE DIAGRAMS:

Gibb's phase rule, binary isomorphous alloy systems, non-equilibrium cooling, binary eutectic
system, eutectoid, peritectic and monotectic reaction, phase diagrams with intermediate phases
and compounds, iron-carbon diagram, ternary phase diagrams, development of microstructures.

UNIT – IV: STRENGTHENING MECHANISMS

Grain size strengthening-solid solution strengthening-factors affecting solid solution


strengthening. martensitic strengthening, precipitation hardening-conditions for precipitation
hardening-aging-formation of precipitates-coarsening of precipitates, mechanism of
strengthening. dispersion strengthening-Introduction, factors for effective dispersion hardening-
strengthening mechanism-examples for above strengthening mechanisms-worked examples.

UNIT – V: ATOMIC DIFFUSION IN SOLIDS

Page 18 of 74
Diffusion mechanisms, steady state diffusion and non-steady state diffusion, Fick's first law and
second law. Inter diffusion-Kirkindal effect. Darken's equation, diffusion calculations, factors
that influence diffusion, Industrial applications of diffusion processes.

UNIT – VI: COLD WORKING AND HOT WORKING

Cold working- structure and properties of cold worked metals. recovery, recrystallisation and
grain growth. recrystallisation temperature. factors influencing recrystallisation temperature.
comparison of cold working and hot working.

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Donald R Askeland, “The Science and Engineering of Materials", Brooks Cole


Engineering Division, Montery, U.S.2007.
2. William D Callister, “Materials Science and Engineering - An Introduction", John Wiley
and Sons, USA, 2007.
3. James F Shackelford, "Introduction to Material Science for Engineers", Macmillan
Publisher, New York, 1992.
4. William F Smith, “Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering", McGraw Hill,
New York, 2004.
5. Avner S H, “Introduction to Physical Metallurgy", McGraw Hill, New York, 1997.

Page 19 of 74

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