Urban Segregation in Mediterranean Cities

Abstracts and Participants

1st-3rd of December 2016

Thursday, December 1st 2016

session 1

Haim Yacobi_Ben Gurion University

Title of presentation. Banal (Neo)apartheid
Abstract. In the core of this presentation stands an argument that while ethnocracy was a relevant
analytical framework for understanding the urban dynamics of Jerusalem\al-Quds up until two decades
ago, this is no longer the case. As I will suggest, the past twenty years, the city’s geopolitical balance and
its means of demographic control, forced planning as well as an intensifying militarization and a growing
use of state violence, have transformed Jerusalem from an ethnocracity into a neo-apartheid city.
Theoretically, in my presentation I aim to go beyond the specific analogy with South African apartheid,
the most notorious case of such a regime. Rather I would suggest that in our current market-driven,
neo-liberal era, a neo-apartheid city should be taken as a distinct urban regime based on urban trends
such as privatization of space, gentrification, urban design, infrastructure development and touristic
planning. I would propose that these practices substitute for explicit apartheid legislation (of a sort
introduced in the South African case), bringing to the fore new participants in the apartheidization of
the city, such as real estate developers and various interest groups.
Short bio_ Prof. Haim Yacobi is based at the Department of Politics and Government at Ben Gurion
University. He is an architect who specialized in urban and political geography, and the head of the
Israel\Africa research project supported by the Israeli Science Foundation and the German-Israeli
Foundation. The main issues that stand in the center of his research interest in relation to the urban
space are social justice, the politics of identity, migration, and colonial planning. His work has been
published widely in some of the leading journals. His latest books are Israel and Africa: A Genealogy of
Moral Geography (Routledge 2016); Rethinking Israeli Space: Periphery and Identity (Routledge 2011
with Erez Tzfadia) and The Jewish-Arab City: Spatio-Politics in a Mixed Community (Routledge 2009).

Urban Segregation in Mediterranean Cities_1-3.12.2016_abstracts and participants

Jesus Leal Maldonado _ Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Title of presentation. A Southern European model of segregation: Madrid
Abstract. The intention of the intervention is to detect the existence of a Southern European model of
segregation in greatest cities starting from the Madrid social morphology where residential segregation
between different labour categories has increased over the first decade of the 21st Century. This
process has, in short, been improved by transformation in the structure of urban society. Specifically,
five elements can be understood to characterize this dynamic: the increase and diversification of the
social conditions of professionals; the decline in traditional manual workers categories; the social
homogeneity of the unemployed from 2007 onwards; the great amount of foreign workers and the
housing market changing conditions. This process is made in a Southern European context where family
solidarity substitutes some Welfare State roles of other European countries, and where the economic
cycles are deeper with endemic high unemployment rates.
Short bio_ Graduated in Philosophy by the University of Valencia, Master in Sociology by the University
of Paris X., 1972, PH.D. by the Complutense University of Madrid 1977. Jesus has been teaching and
researching in Universidad Complutense, Madrid since 1974. His main scientific areas of research focus
on Housing: housing policy, social housing, Urban planning, Public space in cities and Social segregation
and inequality in European cities. He is the author of more than 125 publications, related to sociology,
urbanism, and housing.

Thomas Maloutas_Harokopio University Athens

Title of presentation. Segregation in Athens: an inventory of recent, current and future research
projects
Abstract. The talk will focus on a number of projects related to the study of segregation in Athens that
have been recently completed (applications enabling [panorama of Greek census data] or disseminating
relevant research [Athens Social Atlas], the study of socioeconomic segregation and the mapping of
vertical segregation using the 2011 Census data); projects that are under way (spatial patterns of
deprivation, trens of ethic segregation) or will start in the near future (empirical evidence of
gentrification; comparative analysis of gentrification in Athens and Vienna)
Short bio_ Thomas Maloutas is Professor of Social Geography at the Department of Geography,
Harokopio University since 2009. Previously, he directed the Institute of Urban and Rural Sociology at
the National Centre for Social Research (EKKE) in Athens (2001-2012) and was Professor at the
Department of Planning, University of Thessaly (1991-2009). He has directed and participated in many
national and international research projects funded by several Greek ministries, EU DG Research, the
CNRS (France) and private sector entities. Invited professor at the Institut d’études politiques (Paris) in
2006 and 2014; invited speaker in numerous universities in Europe, North America and East Asia.
Authored numerous articles and books on segregation and housing, and on the changing social
structures of Greek cities. Since the beginning of 2015 he serves as Secretary General for Research &
Technology at the Greek Ministry of Education.

Urban Segregation in Mediterranean Cities_1-3.12.2016_abstracts and participants

Dominique Riviere_ University Paris-Diderot
Title of presentation. Segregation in Italian urban politics in the metropolitan context, from the local
to the European level
Abstract. Using the Italian and Roman example, this communication proposes a few leads on how urban
politics deal with the question of segregation and fit into a game of actors and scales, going from the
local to the European one. Beside the Mediterranean context, which is the subject of the workshop, we
will also use the French case together with the Italian one, to approach the question of the urban
Mediterranean model’s specificity. The peripheries problem is coming back into the public debate in
Italy, but the awareness of segregation as a problem in public policies is not quite as clear as it is in
France. This is due to the importance of specific urban forms as the borgate, in a urban model
dominated by the città diffusa, but also to the limited presence of the social housing –which is often a
marker of the segregation in North Europa-, and finally to the minor implication of the State and its
zoning –contrary to the French politique de la ville. The Italian model is more characterized by the
domination of the local power and a negotiation-oriented way of governing, but its legitimacy is in crisis.
One of the effects of this crisis is the importance, in the public debate, of the idea of « public space » as
a factor of social aggregation, but there is also a focalization on particular aspects of the segregation,
such as the migrants. In this context, we will investigate the actors which are supporting the anti-
segregation politics, and more precisely we will present how the institutional context, dominated by the
institution of the metropolises, changes the communal fragmentation. We will also deal with the trans-
scalar dimension of these policies, and more precisely European programs as those of the Cohesion
policy – Urban, nowadays the urban integrated projects (PUI, ITI) or the European and national METRO
project, based upon the metropolises. All these process deal with the argument of the rescaling,
understood as the uneven capacity of the local actors to appropriate this scalar complexity.
Short bio_ Dominique Rivière, Full Professor of geography at the University Paris-Diderot, is co-
responsible of the speciality of Master's degree « Local development and territorial planning ». Her
research works concern Italy, European construction, town and country planning, urban politics,
decentralization, regional and local disparities of development. She is a member of the UMR
Géographies-cities and is responsible of the research program « Metropolises : crisis and mutations in
the euro-mediterraean space » of the French School (Ecole Française) of Rome, which aims, on the
2017-21 period, at a putting in prospect of the Italian, French and Mediterranean metropolises (in
particular Italy, Spain and Greece), questioning the effect of the subprime mortgage crisis, the european
crisis and the austerity policies on metropolises. She published 4 book and co-managed diverse
publications, for example Métropoles et régions entre concurrences et complémentarités, regards croisé
France Italie, Planum, The journal of urbanism, Planum publisher books, http://www.planum.net/, and
2016, Métropoles et territoires institutionnels : quelques pistes d’analyse à partir des cas français et
italien, L'Espace Politique, janvier 2016, http://espacepolitique.revues.org/3642, and also, with Aurélien
Delpirou, translated by Oliver Waine, « The metropolisation of “Roma Capitale”: the view from the Tiber
delta », Metropolitics, 6 November 2013. URL : http://www.metropolitiques.eu/The-metropolisation-of-
Roma.html

Urban Segregation in Mediterranean Cities_1-3.12.2016_abstracts and participants

Byron Ioannou_Frederick University Cyprus
Title of presentation. Urban sprawl and segregation effects: the case of the Cypriot suburbia
Abstract. Urbanization in Cyprus is actually a phenomenon of the second half of the 20th century, where
a rural, pre-industrial society is gradually transformed into a car oriented service economy. Today, city
expansion and urban development is consisted in its biggest part of a suburban fridge, where empty
plots or rural parcels are still mixed with a low-density built environment. This kind of peculiar suburbia
has been colonised during the decades by former agricultural population; refugees from the 1974
events; low-income foreigners from economic migration or high-income settlers.
Land division in plots of around 500m2, as the most profitable size and fragmented street design only to
serve one specific land developer each time has produced the most of the cities layout. Filling the plots
of a developing area with buildings and structures is a process that goes on for decades. Even in the
cases of the early-established suburbs, there is still dormant land and plenty of free space to host new
residents. The low-density suburbia of is evolving under a slow and gradual colonisation. Family bonds,
land ownership and social linkages with the place of grown up, are still highly determining the selection
of the place of residence, compared to other more conventional factors as income fluency or proximity
to job places. This type of suburbia offers the chance of a gradual replacement of residents, but also the
possibility of a continuous addition of new buildings in its body. It is also surprising how such suburbs
retained their vitality as borderline neighbourhoods for more than four decades. The described process
implies that this unsustainable and harmful to the environment type of development might has some
positive effects on segregation problems. The lack of detailed spatial data urges research to deal with
empirical and field observation material in order to set some arguments on the extent of segregation.
North-eastern neighbourhoods of Nicosia along the division line are taken as case studies. The aim of
the paper is to examine the degree that described low-density suburban development pattern mitigates
or affects urban segregation.
Short bio_ Byron Ioannou is an Assistant Professor of Urban Planning and Design at the Department of
Architecture of Frederick University where he coordinates Urban Planning and Development Research
Group. He teaches Sustainable Built Environment at the MSc Program on Environmental Building Design
at the same university. He is also a member of the Academic Board of the MSc Program on Sustainable
Energy Systems of the Open University of Cyprus. Since 2015 is an external expert at COST Research
Organisation and at the Culture Committee of the European Parliament. He studied Architecture (Dip.
Eng) and Urban & Regional Planning (MSc, PhD) at the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA).
He also holds a PG Cert in UK Planning Law and Practice from Leeds Beckett University. His research and
professional experience and his current interests focus on the environmental aspects of the built
environment, density and sprawl, public space and urban green, collaborative design and inclusive
planning. He is the author of the book “Urban Planning and the Architecture of the City”, 2014,
Thessaloniki: Epikentro (in Greek).

Urban Segregation in Mediterranean Cities_1-3.12.2016_abstracts and participants

session 2

Dimitra Siatista_ dr.Architect- Urban planner, Greece

Title of presentation. Dynamics of segregation: integrating social housing units in the rental housing market
in Athens
Abstract. A common characteristic of the Southern European housing markets is the high percentages of
vacancies recorded in the national housing and population censuses, especially in large urban centres.
An ongoing debate has been taking place regarding the potential to use this stock in order to cope with
rising housing needs, in the framework of social housing rental schemes or supported housing
programmes. Following previous research on the spatial distribution of housing/homeless services in
Attika, the presentation will explore on the dynamics and outcomes of recent housing welfare
programmes, such as the rental scheme of the UN refugee relocation programme and the “Housing and
reintegration” programme of the Ministry of Labour, that (attempt to) lease apartments in different
neighbourhoods of Athens in order to create independent supported housing units. A number of
questions and issues relevant to the urban segregation debate emerge along this process.
Short bio_ Dimitra Siatitsa, is an architect and urban planner. She has received her PhD from the
Department of Urban and Regional Planning at the National Technical University of Athens (Greece). Her
research focuses on housing justice and housing policies, on urban social movements, social initiatives
and alternatives, with a special focus on Southern Europe. She is currently working on the housing crisis
and homelessness in Greece, and on the social effects of indebtedness. She has also worked in European
projects on urban and sustainable development, social innovation, social cohesion and the welfare state.
Her work has been published in reports, articles in edited books, journals and newspapers.

Dimitris Balampanidis_ National Centre for Social Research

Title of presentation. Housing pathways of immigrants, access to homeownership and ethnic
segregation in the city of Athens
Abstract. Against the background of the so-called “new immigration” to Greece, starting at the
beginning of the 1970s and culminating after the early 1990s, this presentation explores the settlement
of immigrants in the city of Athens and the following socio-spatial transformations. Through the study of
immigrants’ housing pathways, the aim is to understand the spatial and social relationships developed
between immigrants and Greeks, the way that they share the urban space, in other words, certain
aspects of ethnic segregation. A special emphasis is given to the access of immigrants to
homeownership and the role it may play for their spatial and social integration. The study focuses on the
central Municipality of Athens and the decade 2000-2010. According to both quantitative and
qualitative research findings, it is argued that, in a short period of time and despite all serious difficulties
raised by the local context, a considerable number of migrant households managed to follow upward
housing pathways, gradually improving both their occupancy status and their housing conditions. Either
as renters or as homeowners, immigrants settled in ethnically mixed neighbourhoods and residential

Urban Segregation in Mediterranean Cities_1-3.12.2016_abstracts and participants

buildings of the city, sharing with Greeks the urban space and building relationships of interethnic
friendship, trust and solidarity, beyond racial hate, fear and intolerance.
Short bio_ Dimitris Balampanidis holds a PhD in Urban Social Geography from Harokopio University of
Athens (2016), an MSc in Urban and Regional Planning from the National Technical University of Athens
(2011) and a Diploma in Architecture from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (2008). His research
focuses on immigrants’ housing pathways and entrepreneurial activities, ethnic residential segregation
and transcultural coexistence, as well as housing policies, urban and regional planning. He has
conducted several research projects at the Urban Environment Laboratory (National Technical
University of Athens), the research department UMR Géographies-Cités (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-
Sorbonne, CNRS) and the École Française d’Athènes (EfA). He is currently a junior researcher in the FP7
European research project “DIVERCITIES - Creating social cohesion, social mobility and economic
performance in today’s hyper-diversified cities” at the National Centre for Social Research (Athens,
Greece).

Ilaria Geddes_University of Cyprus

Title of presentation. Residential distributions and their spatial characteristics: a comparison of Nicosia
and Limassol
Abstract. The social make-up of Cyprus has changed significantly since the beginning of the century. Its
cities have also expanded and continue to do so at an unprecedented rate, while at the same time they
are changing: the two ‘halves’ of Nicosia have reconnected through the opening of check-points, and
Limassol has been the focus of sustained efforts of redevelopment of its coastal area and its historical
centre. In the context of these social, spatial and physical changes of the two largest Cypriot cities, our
understanding of how different population groups are distributed across the cities remains limited. This
study presents a geographical analysis of key social factors through the mapping of census data and
assesses how the distributions are related to certain spatial characteristics of the areas measured
through space syntax analysis. It provides a quantitative understanding of the social patterns of
residential distributions in each city, as well as a spatial analysis of the identified patterns. In doing so,
the research attempts to evaluate whether a generalised trend exists in the way in which different
groups are located in space across the two cities or whether residential distributions are specific to the
context of each city. The results show that a generalised trend does exist with regards to the nationality
of residents and the accessibility of residential areas at the whole-city scale. However, differences in the
two cities are also apparent with Limassol displaying less intense and more loosely distributed
concentrations of social variables, and Nicosia displaying a stronger relationship between the
distributions and the spatial characteristics of different areas. Inferences about the causality of the
distributions, their intensity, their spatial features and their implications in terms of urban segregation
can barely be suggested with the available data and the present analysis. The findings, however, are
highly significant and call for further research of the details, patterns and spatiality of such residential
concentrations.
Short bio_ Ilaria Geddes is a PhD candidate at the University of Cyprus. She trained as an archaeologist
in the UK and holds an MSc in GIS and Spatial Analysis in Archaeology and an MSc in Housing Futures

Urban Segregation in Mediterranean Cities_1-3.12.2016_abstracts and participants

from UCL. She was an honorary research assistant at the Bartlett School of Graduate Studies at UCL from
2005 to 2010 and in the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health at UCL from 2008 to 2010. She
has worked as a consultant in the private sector, and as a researcher in the non-profit and academic
sectors. Her consultancy work covered spatial and statistical analysis of space use and urban
development plans, including Bucklesbury House and Tate Modern 2 in London. She has published
research on housing, health inequalities, the spatial distribution of social factors and the relationship
between health and the built environment in independent reports as well as in academic journals. Her
current research interests focus on urban theory, urban morphology and the development of
multidisciplinary approaches to the study of the urban form.

Ion Sayas_ National Technical University of Athens

Title of presentation. Economic and humanitarian crisis in urban neighbourhoods
Abstract. The Greek Ombudsman investigated in 2015 social exclusion and multiple deprivation
problems which have arisen due to the economic and humanitarian crisis in Greece. The case study
areas where hot-spots of multiple deprivation in Athens. The main issues investigated included quality
of life problems and in particular housing conditions, housing loss, access to public spaces and services
as well as availability of information regarding social policies aimed at vulnerable groups. The aim of the
project was to examine the impact of urban and social planning policy and measures in ameliorating the
social exclusion of vulnerable groups. More specifically, the aim of the research was the identification of
the area – based social exclusion/ segregation problems and the role of existing social support networks
(local authority and other local initiatives). A special emphasis was placed on the role of mediation by
the Ombudsman and of NGOs. The survey included collection of complaints to the Ombudsman as well
specially designed questionnaires. The presentation will focus on the results of the spatial analysis of the
survey and a comparison to the data of total Ombudsman complaints in those areas
Short bio_ Dr John Sayas is the Deputy Ombudsman for the Quality of Life Department since September
2011. He is Associate Professor at the School of Rural and Surveying Engineering, Department of
Geography and Regional Planning of the National Technical University of Athens. He teaches urban
geography, spatial planning methods and techniques, environmental planning at graduate and post
graduate level. Dr. John Sayas has been a scientific director and principal investigator in many research
projects, dealing with the spatial and socio-economic impacts of development at urban and regional
level. He has published papers and books on issues of spatial planning methodology, social segregation,
urban sprawl, collective consumption and the geography of manufacturing. His main research interests
focus on issues of theory and methodology of spatial analysis and spatial planning with particular
emphasis on the urban and regional aspects of geographic and economic structures and processes.

D I N N E R
21.00

Urban Segregation in Mediterranean Cities_1-3.12.2016_abstracts and participants

Friday, December 2nd 2016
session 3

Andreas Savvides_University of Cyprus

Title of presentation. Urban Segregation in times of crisis – case studies from Nicosia, CY and Athens,
GR
Abstract. The aim of this paper is to address architectural and urban planning challenges, as well as
aspects of spatial design of urban settlements in times of crisis that may lead to segregation. The
theoretical basis is then addressed through case studies emanating from workshops dealing with the
design of social housing for refugees and for asylum seekers. Both workshop venues often acts as both a
stepping stone to Europe as well as being final destination to waves of immigrants seeking better living
conditions for themselves and their families. Many a time though and before being allowed to either
move on or settle down on the island, immigration frameworks direct a significant number of these
people to be housed in transitional quarters. Consequently, in terms of physical planning it will be
important to propose a methodology that examines the issue through three prongs of investigation. The
first prong concerns the city and regional scale of any intervention; the second examines the typology of
residential complexes that accommodate the target population; and the third one looks into the design
of communal / public spaces as venues of increased socialization and normalization of social networks,
acceptance and diversity. Regarding the physical planning challenges in this type of research invariably
looks at the design and planning of the space in between mixed use building masses with concerns for
the collective nature of the public spaces. Moreover, the selected examples illustrate attempts to
integrate these facilities with the physical layout of the existing communities so that they promote
feelings of shared and communal ownership, maintenance and appropriation and rigorous use of public
space in a way that it may strengthen social networks among the immigrant communities and between
them and the local population.
Short bio_ Andreas Savvides is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Architecture at the
University of Cyprus. His research interests are in sustainable design and development practices leading
to the densification and regeneration of underperforming and underutilized urban cores. His approach
to the field looks at both the environmental and the cultural factors pertaining to the adoption of best
practices. Before joining the faculty at UCy, he had served as one of the education directors at Boston’s
Architectural College (BAC) where he taught, amongst others, design studios and workshops in
interdisciplinary design and integrated project delivery. He studied architecture and city planning in
California and Massachusetts and he has practiced as part of interdisciplinary design teams in his
capacity as a registered architect, city planner and LEED® accredited professional.

George Mavrommatis_Harokopio University

Title of presentation. Refugee ‘crisis’ and new (temporary) ethnic segregation in Greece: The port of
Piraeus as an informal settlement camp and further spatial developments

Urban Segregation in Mediterranean Cities_1-3.12.2016_abstracts and participants

Abstract. During the last year, the unfolding of the refugee crisis in Athens (and in Greece more
generally) has created new forms of ‘temporary’ ethnic segregation at the heart and peripheries of the
city. Initially, these emerging forms of segregation took the shape of encampment in central squares and
parks of the city as a spatial ‘pause’ along the western Balkan route. Later on, more permanent forms of
temporary ethnic segregation emerged through the creation of various informal camps (Piraeus,
Ellinikon, Eidomeni). This presentation sheds light on the camp of Piraeus that during the last year
functioned as an informal settlement area for asylum seekers, would-be refugees and others on their
way to Northern and Western Europe. However, since March 2016 and the closing of the West Balkan
route, the Piraeus camp acquired a more ‘permanent’ character as people became ‘stuck’ in Greece and
their imaginative journeys were put on hold. More concretely, this presentation focuses on processes of
integration, adjustment and initial ‘culturalization’ within Piraeus and the broader vicinity. However, this
temporary and miniscule ‘integration’ was accompanied by the continuing cultivation of imaginaries of
unfinished journeys ahead. In short, initial integration during the refugee ‘crisis’ was a double process:
real and imagined at the same time. Last but not least, when the Piraeus and other similar temporary
settlements were ‘demolished’ another logic of segregation emerged. This time refugees and would-be
asylum seekers were put into state facilities without any consideration about the location of such
encampments. More often than not, these facilities were at the very edges of the cities or in the middle
of nowhere as unused military barracks and factories were broadly used. In relation to all above,
multiple questions emerge: What is the future of such forms of new ethnic segregation in Greece? Is
there a spatial logic of dispersion within these latest developments? Can these people integrate into
localities when their places of settlement are far away from places of work and socialization? What will
be the future of the EU relocation program? Is this new ethnic segregation here to stay? Is temporary
the new permanent?
Short bio_ George Mavrommatis studied economics at the University of Athens. He then went on to
acquire postgraduate and doctorate degrees in sociology from Goldsmiths College, University of London.
He has worked for several years as a researcher in migration issues (Hellenic Migration Policy Institute)
as well as member of the Taskforce of the Third Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD
Athens 2009). His research interests are in the areas of migration, integration, multiculturalism,
citizenship, global politics, political movements etc. Since May 2013, he is a lecturer at the Department
of Geography, Harokopio University. He has published considerably in international peer-reviewed
journals and books, both in English and Greek.

Jorge Malheiros_ University of Lisbon

Title of presentation. Touristification, real estate and socio-ethnic segregation in the crisis aftermath:
challenging spatial justice in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area?
Abstract. A hallmark of the 2008 crisis has been the real estate bubble that has led to a significant
reduction in new housing projects, a frozen in housing transactions, a limited decrease in housing prices
and the incapacity of many highly indebted low and low-middle class tenants and owners that
benefitted from credit to cope with their duties to landlords or banks.

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Despite the lower dimension of the real estate bubble in Portugal when compared to the cases of
countries such as Spain or even Ireland, the former country also experienced a severe construction crisis
with significant social consequences in the turn from the first to the second decade of the 21st century.
However, soon after, this situation has apparently created new opportunities for the rental housing
market associated to the renewal of the buildings of the historical centres of the two major Portuguese
cities, Oporto and specially Lisbon, which benefitted from important inflows of foreign capital. The focus
in ancient derelict neighborhoods or old industrial areas has created expectations in terms of city centre
repopulation and rejuvenation and eventually of the emergence of some housing opportunities for
middle and even lower classes.
However, as in other capital cities, the process in Lisbon is strongly geared towards the production of
hotels, hostels and other forms of temporary accommodation as well as to expensive rehabilitated
housing targeting foreign real estate demand or Portuguese high classes. This process, that is associated
to the recent increase of tourism in Lisbon and is contributing to “clean the face of city” through the
rehabilitation of many components of its built patrimony, is leading to a significant debate focused in
the conflicts between established residents and tourists around the “city uses” that should be framed in
the broader perspective of the selective access to “live in historical centres” that deprives labour
migrants and local low and middle classes from of the global right to the city.
Having into consideration this framework, this paper aims to describe the recent changes taking place in
the Lisbon housing market, connecting it to the touristification wave and to targeted foreign investment
that is associated to the special benefits offered by the Portuguese government to foreign investors
wanting to settle residence in Portugal, both non-EU (e.g. the “Golden Visa” possibility) and EU (tax
exemptions to income sources obtained abroad). The socio-urban consequences of this process will be
analyzed through the discussion of the changing patterns of social and ethnic segregation at the
metropolitan level and also through the evidences of increasing tension between local residents and
tourists. The research will be supported by Statistical data on real estate transactions and resident
populations at sublocal level (2001 and 2011 Census) and also by the content analysis of some news and
statements made by politicians and local leaders about renewal and touristification in Lisbon and its
consequences. Eventually, the lack of recently updated statistical data may limit the quantitative
analysis of the most recent processes.
Keywords: Real estate market, touristification, socio-ethnic segregation, social groups, immigrants, right
to the city, Lisbon Metropolitan Area
Short bio_ Researcher and member of the Directive Board of the Centre for Geographical Studies and
associate professor in the Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning of the University of Lisbon.
Coordinator of the MA in Population, Society and Territory, his research focuses the domains of
international migration and socio-spatial urban organization, namely the issues of transnationalism,
spatial segregation, housing, women’s migration and social innovation. Has participated and
coordinated projects on the aforementioned issues and published books, articles and book chapters in
Portugal and abroad. Member of the editorial board of the IMISCOE-Springer collection on Migration, is
correspondent or member of the scientific board of journals such as Révue Européenne des Migrations
Internationales or Révue Belge de Géographie (Belgeo).

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Olga Demetriou_ Cyprus Centre of the Peace Research Institute Oslo
Title of presentation. Gentrifying division: The case of Nicosia
Abstract. The paper will address the ways in which Nicosia has been affected by division due to the
ethno-political conflict and the gentrification efforts that have attended attempts to reunite the city. In
doing so, it will address the question of how conflict politics becomes imbricated in the politics of urban
development. The data will draw on research in particular places within the Green Line that divides the
city as well as its immediate neighbourhood. In the analysis, previous research and analysis will be
revisited in light of later developments, both the political front relating to the Cyprus conflict and
negoitations for a settlement, as well as the economic front and urban development efforts before and
after the Cypriot financial crisis of 2013.
Short bio_ Olga Demetriou is a social anthropologist interested in minority-state relations, refugeehood,
gender, and migration. She is Senior Research Consultant at the Cyprus Centre of the Peace Research
Institute Oslo and teaches at the University of Cyprus. Her monograph, Capricious Borders: Minority,
Population and Counter-Conduct between Greece and Turkey (Berghahn, 2013) explores the social
effects of governmental policy on Turkish speakers in Greece.

Nicos Karadimitriou_
Title of presentation. Understanding and measuring multiple deprivation in Athens, Greece
Abstract. This chapter discusses the geographical distribution of multiple deprivation in Athens in 1991,
2001 and three years into the economic crisis, in 2011. It finds that the geographical distribution of
multiple deprivation in Athens, follows a centre-periphery as well as an east-west division that has
persisted through time. This pattern is linked to the way that the city has historically developed to a
metropolis within a generation.
In order to map multiple deprivation, measured as the combined concentration of disadvantageous
social characteristics and built environment features, we used a compound method whereby we took 7
groups of variables comprising 14 indicators into account. The indices were estimated for each of the
2969 Urban Spatial Analysis Units (URANU), using Hellenic Statistical Authority (ESYE/ELSTAT) population
census data.
The most deprived URANUs seem to be clustering in three urban areas, as well as in another 3 clusters
in rural Attica, throughout the period under examination. The paper argues that given the scale and
persistency of multiple deprivation it is about time to reconsider the effectiveness of the dominant
public space beautification (‘anaplaseis’) approach.
Keywords: Multiple deprivation, Athens, urban development, welfare provision
Short bio_ Nikos directs the MSc Urban Regeneration at the Bartlett School of Planning, UCL. His
research interests include housing and property development in urban regeneration programmes, the
relationship between social differentiations and the production of the built environment as well as the
application of complexity theory in spatial regulation systems. His research has been funded by JPI
Urban Europe and Horizon 2020, among others. He has published several peer-reviewed journal papers

Urban Segregation in Mediterranean Cities_1-3.12.2016_abstracts and participants

and a book titled Planning, Risk and Property Development: Urban Regeneration in England, France and
the Netherlands (Routledge, 2013).

session 4
Iris Polyzou_ French School at Athens
Title of presentation. Ethnic diversity in the streets of Athens: the role of migrant entrepreneurs in the
centre of the city
Abstract. This presentation examines the role of migrant entrepreneurship in Athens' centre presenting
preliminary findings of an on-going research program of the French School at Athens (EfA). Firstly,
through quantitative data and mapping, the presentation analyses the geographies of migrant
businesses, the main nationalities and types of activities in the level of the municipality of Athens.
Secondly, it will further analyse those geographies in the street level through field research, street
surveys and semi-structured interviews held in three areas of the municipality: Omonia-Gerani, Viktorias
square and Kipseli area. By combining quantitative and qualitative data, the presentation underlines the
multiple “scenes” of ethnic diversity and of social interaction that are taken place. The micro level of the
street, and even of the commerce, seems as an adequate point of observation for the study of the
complex relations between the city and the migratory phenomenon. This presentation, aims to address
the following wider questions: how does the particular context of southern European cities shape
migrant economies and correspondingly how do migrant economies interact with on-going sociospatial
transformations? What kind of challenges and inequalities do migrant entrepreneurs face and need to
overcome? Can their presence be understood as a factor of social cohesion and economic revitalization
within the context of the economic recession especially in central areas? The contribution will finally
present early findings from a similar study in Nicosia: the establishment of more than 70 stores and
services in the southern part of the city centre seems to confirm the contribution of migrants’
economies in the revitalisation of central parts of the city.
Short bio_ Iris Polyzou studied at the department of Social Sciences of the University of Crete and
concluded her Master at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS, Paris) in the field of
Urban Sociology. In June 2014, she completed her PhD under joint international supervision from the
Department of Geography of the University of Poitiers (Laboratoire MIGRINTER UMR 7301) and the
School of Architecture of the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA). Currently, she is a
researcher (Membre scientifique) at the French School at Athens (EfA). Her interests include the study of
recent migration movements, migrant economies and sociospatial dynamics in the city centre of Athens
and Nicosia. More information could be found http://www.efa.gr/index.php/fr/membres-
scientifiques/iris-polyzos and https://efa.academia.edu/IrisPolyzos

Urban Segregation in Mediterranean Cities_1-3.12.2016_abstracts and participants

Nadia Charalambous, Ilaria Geddes, Andreas Papallas_University of Cyprus, University of
Cambridge
Title of presentation. Making spatial sense of social network data - exploring segregation in walled
Nicosia
Abstract. This paper proposes that introducing social network data to the study of public space use by
different ethnic groups can produce new insights into the complex relationship between the spatial and
social dimensions of space within multi-ethnic contemporary cities. The mechanisms involved in the
ways ethnic groups use the public space of the city centre and the interface between them (or the lack
of it), lies at the heart of this paper. Novel methods and tools are proposed to explore location-based
services (LBS) of online social networks and the significance of the new types of user-related
spatiotemporal data. A spatial analysis of the aggregate activity generated by such networks shows how
social activity in a city is distributed, revealing fine-grained spatial patterns evident in the social life of
Nicosia. The findings are coupled with a multi-layered analysis of the city (involving demographics, urban
grain analysis, occupancy patterns) in an attempt to identify any mechanisms that may have resulted in
space use differences. A variety of methods are employed to explore whether the spatial organization of
the public realm may have an effect on the use (social structure) by the various ethnic groups.
Therefore, this paper will first, validate the use of online user-based spatiotemporal data in tracing
segregation in cities and second, explore the relationship between various spatial characteristics of the
segregated city with the coexistence of multi-ethnic groups.
Short bio_ Nadia Charalambous trained as an architect and has been working as an academic and
researcher at the University of Cyprus since 2008. She studied Architecture at the Bartlett School of
Architecture, University College London, University of London where she received her BSc. in
Architecture and Environmental Studies, M.Sc. in Advanced Architectural Studies and the Diploma in
Architecture. She subsequently completed her Ph.D. studies at the National Technical University in
Athens, NTUA. Underpinning all research and professional activities is a continuous interest in the
complex relationship between urban form and social phenomena, both in the education and in the
practice of architecture. Recent research work investigates the relationship between urban form,
segregation and inequalities through time, in the light of current fast and unpredictable changes in our
built environment, in both residential and public space. The impact of such changes as well as
considerable challenges on architectural education are also explored.
Andreas Papallas is currently a Research Fellow at the Cyprus Interaction Lab at the Cyprus University of
Technology and a practicing architect based in Larnaca. With a background in Architecture and Urban
Design (BA, University of Sheffield, 2013; MPhil, University of Cambridge, 2016), he has recently
completed posts as a Visiting Fellow to the University of Cyprus and as a Researcher at the Centre for
Urban Conflicts Research while has briefly worked at the UN OHCHR's RTCYPP. His research and design
work has been presented and exhibited in Oxford, Cambridge, London, Madrid, Nicosia and San
Francisco. Current interest lies in evaluating, analysing and visualising complex urban conditions.

Urban Segregation in Mediterranean Cities_1-3.12.2016_abstracts and participants

Dimitris Pettas
Title of presentation. Exclusion and conflict in public space: Processes, responses and the role of non-
institutional urban actors
Abstract. Urban public space constitutes a social creation and, as such, is a product of dialectic power
relations and a field of action for urban actors and collective entities, whose differentiated views and
practices concerning the management and use of public space can lead to conflicts and struggles. In
contemporary public spaces, a range of factors creates circumstances of exclusion: suppression of free
speech and increased surveillance (Atkinson, 2002; Davis, 1990; Dixon, 2006), restrictions based on
consuming power (Eriksson et al., 2007; Minton, 2006); and conscious segregation of groups and users
(Iveson, 1998; Malone, 2002; Sibley, 1995). Within the aforementioned body of literature, actors of the
market, the state and local authorities, as well as their partnerships, operate in several cases as actors of
exclusion. This article attempts to enrich such discussions through the exploration of struggles against
exclusion in a highly differentiated context. Research presented, develops around strategies, tactics and
actions undertaken by non-institutional urban actors in Exarcheia and Agios Panteleimonas squares,
Athens. Additionally, in both cases, practices that create exclusionary appropriations of space are not
established through institutional or economic actors. In Exarcheia Square, extended cannabis use and
the presence of local antagonistic groups has excluded large parts of the district’s population such as
families, children and the elderly. In Agios Panteleimonas Square, immigrants’ right to public space is
challenged by both local and broader organizations of the extreme Right. By deploying a “territorial
production” framework (Karholm, 2007, 2005) and through an ethnographic and survey study, this
article explores the ways associations and appropriations of public space create conditions of exclusion
and the ways non-institutional urban actors attempt to alter such conditions through the development
of strategies and tactics that both contradict antagonistic actors and create an inclusive physical and
social environment.
Short bio_ an early career academic with a research interest in urban governance, public space and
urban social movements. My current research concerns the ways power relations among key urban
actors of differentiated organization structures and origin (state and local authorities, economy actors
and social movements) are developed and the ways they influence contemporary urban politics, modes
of governance and practices in metropolitan urban areas. I hold a Ph.D. in the field of Urban Studies by
the National Technical University of Athens (2015). In 2009, I completed the MSc program in Regional
and Urban Planning Studies at London School of Economics. My first degree is a Greek state university
degree in Urban Planning and Development (University of Thessaly).

Thodoris Kouros and Yiannis Papadakis_University of Cyprus

Title of presentation. Urban Spaces and Segregation in the Seaside City of Limassol
Abstract. This paper examines a specific area of the seaside city of Limassol in order to highlight the
tensions between two major trends in terms of urban space worldwide, namely open public spaces and
segregated gated communities. This area is bounded by the Olympic Towers (the largest, highest and
most expensive apartment buildings in Cyprus) and the Limassol Marina (the largest project of its kind in

Urban Segregation in Mediterranean Cities_1-3.12.2016_abstracts and participants

Cyprus). In between these two private gated building projects lies the area of the boardwalk (‘molos’)
and the beach area, two areas that are currently, in our view, the most successful examples of public
space in the island with respect to public access, openness and inclusion (in terms of age, ethnicity,
socioeconomic status and diversity of uses). The paper examines in more depth the two public spaces in-
between, outlining their spatial uses and practices in order to highlight what makes them successful (as
possible good models), yet, also indicating the constant threats they face from commercial and other
interests.
Short bios_ Thodoris Kouros is PhD student at the Department of Social and Political Sciences, University
of Cyprus. He currently works as a teaching assistant at the UCY and a researcher at MMC. His research
interests include anthropology of space and place, memory, borders and boundaries, legal
anthropology, immigration, and bureaucracy. He has participated in research projects related to culture,
intercultural communication, religion and immigration. He has published his work in academic journals
and edited volumes.
Yiannis Papadakis is Professor at the Department of Social and Political Sciences at the University of
Cyprus. He is author of Echoes from the Dead Zone: Across the Cyprus Divide (I. B. Tauris, 2005, also
translated in Greek and Turkish), co-editor of Divided Cyprus: Modernity, History and an Island in
Conflict (Indiana University Press, 2006) and Cypriot Cinemas: Memory, Conflict and Identity in the
Margins of Europe (Bloomsbury, 2014), and editor of a 2006 special issue of Postcolonial Studies on
Cyprus, among others. His published work has focused on ethnic conflict, nationalism, memory,
historiography, history education, cinema, migration and trust.

Ann Legeby_ the Royal Institute of Technology, KTH

Title of presentation. Urban design matters: affordances and equal living conditions
Abstract. The unequal living conditions in metropolitan cities in Sweden is a compromising
manifestation of urban segregation. As we now are increasing housing production the role of urban
design and planning for matters related to social polarization are important to acknowledge to a higher
extent. The goal is to more than double housing production the coming decade in Sweden and a large
share of these dwellings will be built in metropolitan areas. The affordances created locally is dependent
not only on the immediate local environment but more importantly, how the neighbourhood is
integrated and related to its context. It is relevant to question to what extent different neighbourhoods
in the city functions as arenas or meeting places and what affordances can be associated in terms of
social opportunities. Urban form and its configurative properties are found to correspond to certain
patterns of co-presence and are influencing access to urban resources. The presentation includes results
from studies that have explored and investigated how urban segregation can be addressed from an
urban design perspective. Drawing from this it is argued that knowledge is developed on how urban
design can be used in order to counteract segregation and provide more equal living conditions.
Short bio_ Ann Legeby Ph.D. is a researcher at The Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, School of
Architecture. Ann is specialized in urban design and the research focuses upon the role of urban form in
relation to urban segregation, urban life and equal living conditions. Ann has recently finished two
research projects financed by Boverket as part of the Governmental initiative Urban Development;

Urban Segregation in Mediterranean Cities_1-3.12.2016_abstracts and participants

Dela[d] Stad (Shared City), a Mistra Urban Futures project carried out together with the city of
Gothenburg, and Storstäder i Samverkan (Metropolitan cities in collaboration) including Malmö,
Stockholm and Gothenburg. Ongoing research is related to the Commission of a Socially Sustainable
Stockholm where Ann and her colleagues are supporting the City of Stockholm 2015-2016. Beside
research Ann is practicing, teaching and is supervising PhD students. Ann is also the co-editor of the The
Journal of Space Syntax (Bartlett UCL) and Chairman of the Swedish Association for Planning.

Urban Segregation in Mediterranean Cities_1-3.12.2016_abstracts and participants