Cross Infection
What is a cross infection?
A cross infection is the transfer of harmful microorganisms, usually bacteria
and viruses. The spread of infections can occur between people, pieces of
equipment, or within the body.
These infections can cause many complications. So, medical professionals
work hard to ensure equipment safety and a clean environment.
Types of cross infection
The symptoms of a cross infection depend on the source of the infection.
And also the part of the body that is infected. One of the first symptoms of
a cross infection is a fever. This is the body’s first course of action to help
get rid of an infection.
Many different types of infections can occur. Some examples include:
a urinary tract infection (UTI) from an infection caused by a catheter
a surgical wound infection that may cause redness, swelling, and pus
an infection related to the presence of a peripheral or central venous
access line
Causes of cross infection
Cross infections can be caused by:
bacteria
fungi
parasites
viruses
These microorganisms can be transmitted by:
unsterilized medical equipment
coughing and sneezing
human contact
touching contaminated objects
dirty bedding
prolonged use of catheters, tubes, or intravenous lines
Media coverage has raised concerns over cross infection in hospitals by
“superbugs” like Mycobacterium abscessus.
But infections can be spread in any setting, including:
schools
banks
stores
government buildings
homes
The risk for infection is greater when undergoing a medical procedure. But
cross infection can happen within the body. An infection in one part of the
body can spread to another, like a respiratory infection spreading to the
ears or eyes.
Diagnosing cross infection
Doctors may use a combination of ways to diagnose cross infection. These
include:
physical exams
blood tests
culture tests
urine tests
X-rays
health history reviews
Treating cross infection
Treating a cross infection depends on the condition. Antibiotics are used for
bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections, but not for most viral infections.
Over time, bacteria can adapt and become resistant to medications. This
leads to the evolution of “superbugs.” These are strains of bacteria immune
to multiple antibiotics. This can make them more difficult to kill, and can
increase complications.
Prescription anti-viral drugs are used to treat specific types of viruses. Anti-
fungal medications in topical or oral form can be used to treat fungal
infections. And parasites transferred through cross infection may be treated
with antibiotics and dietary changes.
Cross infection complications
Untreated infections can lead to:
diarrhea
sepsis
pneumonia
meningitis
dehydration
multisystem organ failure that could include the lungs, heart, liver, and
kidneys
death
The risk for life-threatening complications during medical procedures
increases when cross infection is present.
It’s important to call your doctor immediately if you notice symptoms of
infection. The earlier an infection is identified, the easier it is to treat.
Preventing cross infection
Cross infection is best treated at the source. Medical professionals follow
special procedures to help prevent infections. Aseptic technique is a
common process used to sterilize equipment so harmful microorganisms
can’t spread from patient to patient.
Hospitals and other healthcare settings all have procedures to prevent
infection. Before undergoing a procedure, you can check the facility in
advance and ask about preventative measures.
Outlook
Cross infections can complicate a condition or procedure. The best way to
avoid getting one is to prevent it from transferring. Many public institutions
have strict rules to help reduce cross infection.
Schools may not allow students to attend classes while sick. And some
companies send employees home if they show symptoms of the flu.
These measures can significantly reduce the chance of cross infection. Also,
washing your hands frequently and thoroughly, and practicing good
hygiene, greatly reduces the risk of cross infection.
