Modern System Police Procedures
Modern System Police Procedures
Mike Daumen
   Product Management
Charles Rice, Chris Davis
         Editing
      Charles Rice
      Graphic Design
      David Jarvis
       Interior Art
   John Longenbaugh
    Joseph Wigfield
          Layout
      David Jarvis
                                                         POLICE PROCEDURAL
    Introduction                                            Another traditional case is the hunt for a serial       the scene of the event to assess the site and
                                                          killer. Unlike most everyday crime, in which the          collect evidence. The most common piece of
    Police procedurals, like most mysteries, are          victims and perpetrators tend to know each other,         evidence found here is the murder victim’s
    difficult to pull off in roleplaying games.            such predators have seemingly unfathomable                corpse, although it is possible to run a mystery
    Should a GM establish the entire trail of clues       reasons for choosing their victims. Unraveling the        based on a missing person. In such cases, there
    and information that stems from each witness          connections between them becomes an important             needs to be some evidence that this person
    and crime scene, and hope the players don’t           part of the case.                                         has been murdered and did not flee of their
    feel railroaded? Will play hinge on a critical          Regardless, a GM can apply these rules towards          own accord. Other things are often present,
    roll that, if it fails, keeps vital information       non-standard homicides, or even other crimes, with        such as fingerprints or other images left in
    from the party? Do the players watch enough           a minimum of changes. The police might know the           soft or impressionable material, the murder
    crime dramas to make their own way through            perpetrator at the outset, for example, and most of       weapon itself, or personal identifiers from the
    the investigation?                                    the action will involve tracking him. Instead of a        perpetrator such as fibers or hair.
       These rules seek a middle ground around            corpse, the party might face a distraught or angry        Armed with this evidence, and the statements of
    the pitfalls of running a technically oriented        arson victim – or someone with her own secrets            whatever witnesses are available, the team sets
    police investigation. They allow players to           to keep from the police. They could face a classic        out to piece together the events that resulted in
    take the lead, and decide in broad terms how          locked-room mystery, from which a priceless               the death of a person. Was there a relationship
    to advance their case – sometimes coming              painting or gem has been stolen.                          between the killer and his victim?
    up with the evidence they find on their own.                                                                       What sort of motive did the murder have
    Meanwhile, the GM can insert as many clues,
                                                          Investigation Protocols
                                                                                                                    – financial gain, revenge or another strong
    NPCs, or wrinkles she decides are necessary                                                                     passion, or an aberration stemming from
    or interesting to the overall plot. Several skills    Generally, a murder attracts the attention of law         a mental defect? Was the murder weapon
    become important, as the steps in a successful        enforcement when someone stumbles upon the                used in other crimes, or does it lead back to a
    inquiry require a variety of different tasks          corpse. This can be an associate of the victim,           salesperson who might be able to describe its
    – from the frontiers of science to tried-and-         or someone who might typically be found at the            owner? Are the fingerprints taken from the
    true law enforcement methods.                         crime scene, such as an office worker. The witness         windowsill on file with the FBI? Does the DNA
                                                          remains available while the initial site investigation    from skin under the victim’s nails match with
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    final step in the process,
    unless the party has other
    circumstances which might
    justify apprehending the suspect earlier.
       Even before they feel they have a strong              LEADS                                                 tasks like checking a suspect’s financial
    case, additional tasks like stakeouts and                These are the types of leads available to
    wiretaps can confirm what they have found                                                                       records, running down a list of calls in a
                                                             investigators:
    and surmised. Both types of scenes offer                                                                       victim’s cell phone, or reading a trial transcript
                                                             •Person of Interest – unless this involves
    plenty of opportunities for drama and                                                                          for connections to a current crime.
                                                             the victim, this is typically someone whose
    danger, especially if the killer is aware of the                                                               •Canvassing – police can often find
                                                             name comes up in the normal course of the
    investigators closing in on him, and is in a                                                                   information about a case despite asking people
                                                             investigation. Once the police focus their
    position to do something about it.                                                                             with little or no connection to it, provided the
                                                             efforts on such persons, they can be reclassified
       As a final note, each of these tasks can                                                                     sample they use is large enough. This can be
                                                             as either a witness or a suspect.
    be run as mechanical exercises, but “extra”                                                                    as simple as asking neighborhood residents
                                                             •Location – while the crime scene is the first
    roleplaying is always encouraged, especially                                                                   about what they saw on a particular night, or
                                                             location that police will visit, other places may
    in a charged interrogation, or a quiet stakeout                                                                whether merchants remember someone buying
                                                             prove just as important to the investigation.
    that quickly gets hot. Certainly, the best                                                                     a knife ultimately used in a murder.
                                                             Good examples are a suspect’s last known
    use of these rules mirrors the typical police            address or a popular bar a witness frequents.
    procedural on television, where multitasking             •Research – often times, an investigator may
    investigators run forensic tests a hundred times         realize that a large body of information may
    faster than their real-life counterparts.                hold an important clue, and the only way to
       If the party is chasing a serial killer, there        check is pore over the data. This includes
    will be simultaneous cases, with additional
    victims, enigmatic clues at more crime
    scenes, and the exciting moment where the            making rolls for the party, or concealing the DCs if             This also mentions if any previously
    link between seemingly random killings falls         she wants a party to act on incorrect results.                collected evidence contributes to the check,
    into place. The GM should be ready to have                                                                         and if someone can use illegal means to
                                                                                                                       improve the odds as well.
                                                         How to Read an Entry
    the PCs take center stage back from the rules
    when the circumstances dictate.                                                                                       DC: The DC of the skill check to be made.
                                                           Task Name: Taken from a list of common                      In some instances, the check may be opposed
                                                                                                                       with a skill check made by an NPC involved
    FORENSIC TASKS
                                                         activities.
                                                           Skill check: The list of skills that can be                 in the action.
                                                         used to complete the task. The GM and players                    Equipment bonus(es): Law enforcement
                                                         should always feel free to substitute a session of            personnel have a variety a tools to assist
      This list is in rough chronological order,                                                                       them in apprehending suspects and solving
    taking a group of investigators from the             roleplaying for a skill check, if it contributes to the
                                                         game as a whole.                                              crimes. Where applicable, equipment from
    discovery of the initial crime to the issuance of                                                                  the master equipment list can be used to boost
    an arrest warrant. GMs should note the degree          Synergies: This entry lists any skills that can
                                                         assist the main skill check. If a character has five           a skill check roll. In most cases, bonuses
    of success for comparison on the tables below                                                                      of the same name do not stack; however, it
         to determine the specific bonuses that           ranks in the skill listed, he gains a +2 synergy
                                                         bonus to the task.                                            is possible to combine multiple bonuses of
             follow. The GM should also consider                                                                       different types.
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    Task List
    TIP EVALUATION                                   SITE INVESTIGATION                                          AUTOPSY
    In many instances an anonymous source              Police investigators seek to reach a crime scene            When the police suspect that a death is the
    alerts the police that a crime has occurred.     as soon as possible after the offense has occurred,         result of homicide, a medical examiner will
    In order to keep this a viable source of         in order to preserve evidence. Exposure to the              typically examine the body once it arrives
    information, however, tipsters often demand      elements, insects, and the mere passage of time             into police custody. The autopsy can confirm
    that their identities remain protected.          can degrade pieces of physical evidence. Potential          the manner of death as well as uncover other
      Seasoned investigators evaluate the            witnesses may still be in the area and may vividly          facts about the victim or killer, to assist in any
    severity of the offense and the accuracy of      recall their impressions of what happened.                  investigation that follows.
    similar leads before deciding to act on a tip.     Skill check: Investigate                                    Skill check: Investigate
      Skill check: Sense Motive                        Synergies: Search; plant evidence                           Synergies: Knowledge (Earth & Life sciences);
      DC: 15 or vs. Bluff if tip is false              Equipment bonus(es): scene                                plant evidence
      Equipment bonus(es): audio                       DC: 15                                                      Equipment bonus(es): autopsy, visual
      Prerequisites: none                              Prerequisites: Location Lead                                DC: 15
                                                                                                                   Prerequisites: Exhibit (corpse)
     TABLE 1:A TIP EVALUATION                                                                     TABLE 1: C: AUTOPSY
     Roll (d20 + success margin)           Result                                                    Roll (d20 + success              Result
     1-10                                  Location Lead (crime scene)                               1-10                             1d3 EP
     11+                                   Person of Interest Lead                                   11-20                             1d4+1 EP
     15+ odd                               Person of Interest Lead (victim)                          9-19 odd                         convert to Exhibit (3)
     20+ even                              Person of Interest Lead (suspect)                         16-20                            1d6+2 EP and Exhibit
                                                                                                  BACKGROUND CHECK
     TA B L E 1 : B SITE INVESTIGATION                                                              Many persons with potential connections to an investigation
     Roll (d20 + success margin)           Result                                                 have record of interaction with the police. As a result,
     Automatic                             Exhibit (Corpse) [if present]
     Automatic                             Exhibit (corpse) or Person of Interest Lead (victim)   detectives often need to gather information about these
     Fail (greater than -5 50% chance)     Botched collection                                     subjects to determine if they are viable targets for greater
     Fail (-5 to 0)                        None                                                   scrutiny. This also applies if the victim is relatively unknown.
     1-15                                  1d3 EP*                                                  Skill check: Research
     16-29                                 2d4 EP*                                                  Synergy: falsify (Forgery)
     30+                                   1d8+2 EP and Exhibit                                     DC: 10
                                                                                                    Prerequisites: Person of Interest Lead
     *These EP can be converted to exhibits at a 3:1 ratio if the investigator wishes. For
                                                                                                    TABLE 1:D: BACKGROUND CHECK
     example if an investigator rolls a 16 and collects 6 EP, he can immediately convert            Roll (d20 + success margin)     Result
     them into exhibits or save them until later in the investigation.                              Fail (greater than -5)          Red Herring
                                                                                                    Fail (even)                     Heat
                                                                                                    Fail (-5 to 0)                  None
                                                                                                    1-10                            1d3 EP
                                                                                                    11-15                           Lead
                                                                                                    16+                             Exhibit
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    EVIDENCE ANALYSIS
      This task covers the host of procedures
    used to identify physical evidence collected
                                                               RECORD CHECK
                                                                  A variety of law enforcement agencies keep informa-
    in connection with an investigation, from
                                                               tion collected during the course of criminal investigations
    DNA analysis to looking at fibers through
                                                               for future reference. This includes data about suspects,
    a microscope. Mechanically, it transforms
                                                               like ballistics records from bullets recovered at crime
    collected EP into more usable factors.
                                                               scenes, but also things willingly provided by the public,
      Skill check: Investigate
                                                               such as prints done during a public fingerprinting drive.
      Synergy: falsify
                                                                  Like some evidence matching tests, a successful skill
      Equipment bonus(es): ballistics, blood,
                                                               check may not provide positive identification; instead, it
    computer, drug, dust print, fingerprint,
                                                               could reveal that a potential suspect is not in a database.
    genetic, impression, molecular
                                                                  The GM should decide beforehand if a specific data-
      DC: 15
                                                               base includes the information sought.
          Prerequisites: EP
                                                                       Skill check: Profession
    TABLE 1: H: EVIDENCE ANALYSIS                                      Synergy: Reputation Bonus
    Roll (d20 + success margin)      Result                            DC: 10
    Fail (greater than -5 odd)       Red Herring                       Prerequisite: Person of Interest Lead or Exhibit
    Fail (greater than -5 even)      Botched Exhibit
    Fail (-5 to 0)                   None                           EVIDENCE MATCHING
    1-9 odd                          Research Lead                   In contrast to evidence analysis, matching allows
    2-10 even                        Person of Interest Lead      police to compare physical evidence with other
    11+                              Exhibit                      items evidence accumulated from other investiga-
                                                                           tions. This task includes things like ballis-
    TABLE 1: I: RECORD CHECK                                               tics comparison and fingerprint matching.
    Fail (greater than -5) Red Herring                                        Skill check: Spot, Knowledge (Physical
    Fail                     Red Tape                                      Sciences or Earth & Life Sciences)
    Success                  Negative/Person of Interest Lead (suspect)
                                                                              Synergy: GM plot
                                                                              Equipment Bonus(es): topographical
    TABLE 1: J EVIDENCE MATCHING                                                     imager/stereomicroscope [bal-
    Roll (d20 + success margin) Result                                               listics], microscope, comparison
    Fail (greater than -2 odd)      Red Herring                                      microscope
    Fail (greater than -5 even)     Destroyed Exhibit                                   DC: 20
    Fail (-5 to 0)                  None
    1-20                            Negative/Person of Interest Lead (suspect)          Prerequisites: Exhibit
    15+                             Unimpeachable Exhibit
    20+                             Exhibit (Perpetrator)
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     WIRETAP WARRANT
        This task combines the principles of                               TABLE 1: P: WIRETAP WARRANT
     a stakeout and a search warrant, by listening to a private phone      Roll (d20 + success margin)          Result
     line in the hopes that someone using it will reveal something         Fail (greater than -5 even)          Botched Warrant
     useful. Because of its intrusive nature, this also requires           Fail                                 No Warrant
                                                                           1-10 odd                             Person of Interest Lead
     judicial scrutiny of the police’s suspicions that this tactic is
                                                                           2-10 even                            Research Lead
     justified.                                                             12-20                                Exhibit
        Skill check: Knowledge (Civics)                                    15+                                  Unimpeachable Warrant
        Synergy: Profession; falsify (Forgery)                             21+                                  Confession
        DC: 20 for Suspect; 25 for Witness or Location
                                                                           TABLE 1: Q: SUBPOENA
        Prerequisites: Person of Interest Lead (Witness or Suspect)        Roll (d20 + success margin)          Result
     or Location Lead                                                      Fail (greater than -5 )              Botched Subpoena
     SUBPOENA                                                              Fail (even)                          Enmity
       Many people are suspicious of the police’s intent, frightened       Fail (-5 to 0)                       No Subpoena
                                                                           1+                                   Interview or Interrogation task
     that their interaction will be risky, or otherwise unwilling to
                                                                           17+                                  Unimpeachable Subpoena
     cooperate with an investigation. In such cases, investigators
     can force reluctant civilians to comply with judicial backing.       TABLE 1: R: ARREST WARRANT
     Because of the charged nature of this process, it not only           Roll (d20 + success margin)              Result
     requires a constitutional foundation to use, but may involve         Fail (greater than -5 even)              Botched Warrant
     legal efforts to counteract it.                                      Fail                                     Enmity
       Skill check: Knowledge (Civics)                                    1+                                       Warrant
                                                                          15+ odd                                  Unimpeachable Warrant
       Synergy: Profession; falsify (Forgery)
                                                                          21+                                      All Points Bulliten
       DC: 15
       Prerequisites: Person of Interest Lead (Witness or Suspect)      Cheating                                          Many of the tasks contain a Synergy
                                                                                                                        entry describing the illegal action that
     ARREST WARRANT                                                     In the perfect world, there would be            could further an investigation. An
        The culmination of an investigation is the collection of        no crimes to investigate. The fact              investigator willing to do so can get a
     enough proof to convince a magistrate that a suspect is the        that anyone is capable of wrongdoing,           bonus to the resultant skill check. If
     likely perpetrator. Once this happens, police have the legal       however, means that investigators can           another skill is indicated, the character
     justification to detain a target in contemplation of facing pros-   also bend the rules. This is not a question must succeed with this new skill, at
     ecution.                                                           of evil, or even vengeance; many of us          the same DC, to gain a bonus equal
        Skill check: Knowledge (Civics)                                 might consider ignoring constitutional          to the success modifier. Otherwise,
        Synergy: Profession, Exhibits (+2), Statements (+1), Con-       niceties to address a genuine threat to the     PCs can choose a bonus; but in either
     fession (+3); falsify (Forgery)                                    public.                                         case, the maximum is +5. Planting
        DC: 30                                                            Nonetheless, rules against this exist         evidence involves using an Exhibit of the
        Prerequisites: Person of Interest Lead (Suspect)                to ensure that a respect for law endures        character’s choice, which is simply added
                                                                        in our society. PCs still willing to solve      to the case.
                                                                        crimes by any means can interact with             Although this tends to help in the
                                                                        both these rules and the actions they seek      short run, GMs should consider how
                                                                        to suppress.                                    these actions can affect the rest of the
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     AUTOPSY CLUES
       Here is a shorter list of potential clues that an   TABLE 1 : S: FORENSIC EQUIPMENT
                                                           Item                              Bonus Type                           Amount
     autopsy should reveal, leading to further tasks.
                                                           Drug Testing Kit                  drug                                 +1
                                                           Mass Spectrometer                 molecular                            +2
       Wounds                                              Gas Chromatograph                 molecular                            +3
       Identification techniques                            Microscope                        microscopy                           +1
       Foreign substances in the body                      Stereomicroscope                  microscopy, ballisticsNS             +2
       Burns                                               Comparison Microscope             microscopy [matching]                +2
       Signs of struggle                                   Scanning Electron Microscope microscopy                                +3
       Conditions indicating the time of death             Camera, Pocket                    visual [scene]                       +1
       Plant and animal effects on a corpse left           Camera, Expert                    visual [scene]                       +2
                                                           Videocamera                       audio, visual [scene] S              +2
     outdoors
                                                           Tape Recorder                     audio, interviewS                    +2
                                                           Trajectory String                 ballistics [scene]                   +1
     GETTING FINGERPRINTED                                 Laser Trajectory Kit              ballistics [scene]                   +2
        There are many mundane reasons for having          Topographical Imager              ballisticsNS [matching]              +3
     one’s fingerprints collected outside of the criminal   Identikit                         recognition                          +1
                                                           Composite Sketch Software         recognition                          +2
     justice system. Many state and municipal
                                                           Polygraph                         interviewS                           +1
     agencies require it as a condition for employment.    Blood Reagent                     blood                                +1
     J. Edgar Hoover used fingerprint drives in the         Blood Testing Kit                 blood                                +2
     1940s and 1950s, often involving celebrities          Blood Splatter Kit                visual, blood [scene] S              +1
     and flashy news events. These brought positive         Luminol                           visual, blood [scene] S              +1
     publicity to the FBI while expanding the size         Fingerprint Kit                   fingerprint, scene                    +1
     of the early database. More modern reasons            Impression Mold Kit               impression, scene                    +1
     include high-profile anti-crime and child or elder     Dust Print Lifter                 dust print, scene                    +1
     safety campaigns. In today’s world of electronic      Entomology Kit                    autopsy                              +1
                                                           Data Capture Kit                  computer                             +1
     commerce, some banks use thumbprints as
                                                           Drive Imager                      computer                             +2
     additional measures against identity theft; a PC      SIM card reader                   cel phone                            +1
     with ties to a bank manager or security guard may     Electrophoresis Sampler           genetic, molecularS                  +1
     be able to get access to them as a long shot.         Thermal Cycler                    genetic                              +2
                                                           Mug Shot Booklet                  database, recognitionS               +1
                                                           Card File                         database                             +1
                                                           State Database                    database                             +2
                                                           National Database                 database                             +3
                                                           International Database            database                             +4
                                                           N          Stereomicroscope does not stack with Topographical Imager
                                                           S          Stacks with other bonuses of this type
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