Pharma HR Assessment Tools
Pharma HR Assessment Tools
Pharmaceutical human resources
assessment tools
Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policies
&
Human Resources for Health
WHO/EMP/MPC/2011.3
Pharmaceutical human resources
assessment tools
Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policies
&
Human Resources for Health
i
Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policies & Human Resources for Health
WHO/EMP/MPC/2011.3
Authors
Helen Tata
Department of Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policies (EMP)
World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Tana Wuliji
Global Develoop
Washington DC, USA
Enrico Cinnella
Department of Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policies (EMP)
World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Acknowledgements
The development of the tool has been ongoing since 2008. This tool is an initiative of the
Department of Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policies in collaboration with the
Department of Human Resources for Health.
Hans V. Hogerzeil, Director EMP, provided leadership and guidance in the development of this tool.
Gilles Forte, Coordinator MPC and Mario Dal Poz , Coordinator HIG coordinated and supervised the
overall process of the tool development.
At the end of the 68th FIP Congress in 2008 which took place in Basel , Switzerland, WHO Medicines
Advisers from Ghana, Nigeria and Tanzania who participated at the congress met in WHO, Geneva
with Helen Tata to brain storm on useful indicators for the assessment of the pharmacy workforce
situation in their countries. Special thanks go to Mario Dal Poz who provided guidance and
encouragement at this initial stage.
The tools build on the pioneering work of Tana Wuliji who was carrying out a similar study in 2009
for FIP. Our gratitude to her for taking the lead in the development process.
During the process of improving on the draft tools, we received very useful comments from: Neeru
Gupta (WHO HRH), Teena Kunjumen WHO HRH), Rebecca Bailey (WHO HRH), Amani Siyam (WHO
HRH), Nyoni Jennifer (AFRO HRM), Jean Marie Trapsida (WHO AFRO), Enrico (WHO EMP) and
Mohamed Bin Shahna (WHO EMRO).
Several experts at country level contributed to the finalization of the tools from their experiences in
the use of the survey forms and methodology: Edith Andrews Annan (WHO Ghana), Rose Shija
(WHO Tanzania), Ogori Taylor (WHO Nigeria), Salih Nahid (WHO Sudan), Stella Tuyisenge (WHO
Rwanda), Omary M.S. Minzi (Tanzania), Mildred Kinyawa (Tanzania), Hiba Yassin Abuturkey
(Sudan), Sarah A. Kareem Hassan (Sudan), Daniel Amaning (Ghana), Mahama Duwiejua (Ghana),
and all the following from Nigeria: Oluwatosin Ayo‐Ajayi, Chinedum Peace Babalola, R.E. Akerele‐
Nwaha, Bridget Okala, Ifeanyi Onyeonoru, Adole Jane Memuna, Joel E.B. Adagadzu
This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Community and
the technical support of the World Health Organization. The views expressed herein are those of
the authors and can therefore in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European
Community or the World Health Organization
European Union
ii
Table of contents
Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1
Assessment tool objectives.......................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Purpose and application of assessment findings: ......................................................... 3
2.2 Assessment aim:............................................................................................................ 3
2.3 Objectives:..................................................................................................................... 3
3. Objectives‐specific indicators............................................................................................... 7
4. Methods.............................................................................................................................. 13
4.1 Selection of research team ......................................................................................... 13
4.2 Training of data collectors........................................................................................... 13
4.3 Data collection............................................................................................................. 13
4.4 Sampling Protocol for forms C, D and E ...................................................................... 14
4.4.1 Developing a frame and determining total number of facilities
to be sampled.................................................................................................... 14
4.4.2 Selecting 6 geographical areas .......................................................................... 16
4.4.3 Selecting Facilities for form C & D ..................................................................... 16
4.4.4 Form E ............................................................................................................... 17
5 Data entry and analysis ...................................................................................................... 19
5.1 Data entry.................................................................................................................... 19
5.2 Data analysis................................................................................................................ 19
6 Using assessment findings to inform human resources planning ................................... 21
7. References .......................................................................................................................... 23
Glossary....................................................................................................................................... 25
Annexes
iii
Information sheet Form B: Pharmacy education providers..................................................... 59
Form B: Pharmacy education providers .................................................................................... 61
Investigator instructions ............................................................................................................. 61
Part 1 General information...................................................................................................... 62
Part 2 Educational resources ................................................................................................... 64
Part 3 Academic faculty/staff .................................................................................................. 65
Part 4 Financial resources .................................................................................................... 67
Part 5 Pre‐service education and training programs ...................................................... 68
Part 6 Post‐graduate education and training programs ......................................................... 70
Part 7 Continuing education programs.................................................................................... 73
Information sheet Form C: For Health facilities ........................................................................ 75
Form C: Health facilities ............................................................................................................. 77
Investigator instructions ............................................................................................................. 77
Basic health facility information ................................................................................................. 78
Part 1 Employees ..................................................................................................................... 79
Part 2 Pharmaceutical services................................................................................................ 80
Part 3 Human resources management ............................................................................... 81
Information sheet Form D: For pharmaceutical manufacturers, wholesalers
and medical stores....................................................................................................................... 83
Form D: Pharmaceutical manufacturers, wholesalers and medical stores .............................. 85
Investigator instructions ............................................................................................................. 85
Basic facility information............................................................................................................. 86
Part 1 Employees ..................................................................................................................... 87
Part 2 Pharmaceutical functions.............................................................................................. 88
Part 3 Human resources management ............................................................................... 89
Information sheet Form E: Job satisfaction .............................................................................. 91
Form E: Job satisfaction.............................................................................................................. 93
Investigator instructions ............................................................................................................. 93
Basic facility information............................................................................................................. 94
Part 1 Basic information .......................................................................................................... 95
Part 2 The workplace ............................................................................................................... 96
Part 3 Future intentions........................................................................................................ 98
Part 4 Job satisfaction ........................................................................................................... 99
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Introduction
Introduction
The crucial role of Human Resources for Health (HRH) in health systems has not been fully
appreciated until recently with the advent of the HIV/AIDS crisis which has contributed to the
HRH crisis in many countries. Many health programmes including the pharmaceutical sector
have consistently experienced shortages of suitable personnel as one of the major constraints
in not accomplishing intended objectives of their national medicines as well as health policies.
This state of affairs if left unchecked especially in developing countries which have the highest
disease burden, will definitely affect the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs).
The health workforce crisis is characterized by the following facts (1):
• Globally, there is a critical shortage of Health Workers (HW). The shortage is more
critical in developing countries, especially in sub‐Saharan Africa, but it is also reported
from developed countries.
• Many countries experience skill imbalances, resulting in the fact that the present
workforce is unable to respond to local health needs. A great number of highly
qualified professionals compared to a small number of lower level cadres impedes
delegation of tasks and therefore wastes resources. Furthermore, highly qualified
professionals can easily migrate as their skills are in demand in developed countries.
• Geographical mal‐distribution of HW is present in most countries. HW are often
concentrated in urban settings whereas rural and remote locations lack basic health
care. Additionally, in some countries there is a mal‐distribution of HW with a great
number working in the private sector compared to the public sector. This accelerates
inequity within the health system, as the poorer population has little access to private
health care for financial reasons.
• Especially in developing countries, poor working environments further worsen the
situation. HW are not motivated due to inadequate and delayed salaries, lack of
incentives and career prospects, frequent shortages of drugs, equipment and supplies.
Low remuneration of HW in the public sector might result in dual practice, promoting
and selling of medicines as an income generating activity and demands of illegal
payment for services.
• Lack of reliable information on size, distribution and skills of the health workforce
often makes responding to the crisis and strategic planning of human resources more
difficult.
According to the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), pharmacists represent the
third largest healthcare professional group in the world (2). Availability of trained
pharmaceutical human resources is of critical importance in meeting national and global
health goals, and thus requires special attention (3). The development, production,
distribution and appropriate utilization of medicines, as well as the attendant functions of
regulation, operational research, training, etc., are of central importance in maintaining a
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
healthy population. The absence of pharmacists and pharmaceutical personnel therefore has
implications on the functioning of a health system (4).
Scaling up access to essential medicines is critical to the prevention of millions of deaths a
year. However, WHO estimates that one third of the global population lacks regular access to
essential medicines. A recent WHO report for example found that in the public sector, generic
medicines are only available in 34.9% of facilities, and on average cost 250% more than the
international reference price. In the private sector, those same medicines are available in
63.2% of facilities, but cost on average about 650% more than the international reference
price (5). The delivery of essential medicines to save lives and reduce suffering is therefore
assured only with the availability of appropriate health workers who provide pharmaceutical
services to the population.
Similarly, the growing challenge of counterfeit and sub‐standard medicines is a threat to public
health; shortage of pharmaceutical personnel, their inequitable distribution and service
provision by un‐authorized personnel are factors that create fertile ground for the growth of
this problem. To ensure that only quality and authorized products are made available to the
population, it requires functional and well‐resourced pharmaceutical supply and regulatory
systems, with adequate numbers of trained personnel.
Despite their critical importance, information about the total workforce in the pharmaceutical
sector is however not available. Most data on public health service providers mainly show the
number of doctors and nurses but are usually silent about those who are dedicated to the
delivery of medicines in both the public and private sectors. Such information is critical not
only in the planning but also in the delivery of services. It has been reported that the ratio of
health workers to population correlates with health outcomes such as maternal, infant and
under‐five mortality rates as well as with coverage of health services like immunization and
births attended by trained personnel(1).
The lack of comprehensive data on pharmaceutical personnel and health workforce in the
pharmaceutical sector is a gap in national Human Resources policies. Consequently, national
plans and budgets fail to adequately provide for the required investment in training,
deployment and continuous development of pharmaceutical personnel as a social and
economic priority. There is therefore a need for countries to develop the necessary evidence
base to support appropriate pharmaceutical Human Resources policies and strategies.
2
Assessment toll objectives
Assessment tool objectives
These tools were developed with the intention of supporting key stakeholders at national level
to develop evidence based pharmaceutical human resources development strategies and plans.
Drafted, piloted and revised by WHO with the input of national, regional and international
pharmaceutical sector and human resources for health experts and key stakeholders, the tools
have been found to generate the core data requirements to support comprehensive situational
analysis of pharmaceutical human resources. These tools should be considered as working
drafts and they will be further reviewed and improved with future use, feedback on the use of
these tools and suggestions for improvements are welcome. These tools were also developed
with the view that they should be adapted to the national context and thus should be carefully
reviewed by country assessment teams for relevance, applicability and revised accordingly.
2.1 Purpose and application of assessment findings:
The assessment serves as a situational assessment and thus the first stage of a four stage
cyclical process for human resources for health development as described in the HRH Action
Framework (website: http://www.capacityproject.org/framework/action‐cycle/#situational‐
analysis). Data compiled as a result of using all five tools can be used to build a comprehensive
evidence base on pharmaceutical human resources to aid planning. The ways in which
collected data can applied to planning may vary between countries but at minimum it should
serve to provide descriptive information about the pharmaceutical human resources labour
market in terms of its availability, production, distribution, attrition and shortages. Human
resources planning should identify a relevant and core set of indicators measured in this
assessment for monitoring and evaluation. Countries should repeat this situational assessment
to inform each human resources for health planning cycle (eg – every 4 or 5 years).
2.2 Assessment aim:
To conduct a pharmaceutical human resources situation analysis that quantifies available
pharmaceutical human resources and identifies key human resource issues to inform human
resources for health planning.
2.3 Objectives:
The assessment comprises of five tools (Forms A – E) which each have a specific set of
objectives. The specific objectives of each form are described below. Countries using these
tools should first consider which assessment objectives are of interest and adapt the tools
accordingly, in some instances this may require that only part of the tools are used. The full
set of tools and specific objectives have been provided as a guide and it is intended that
assessment teams will further adapt these to their needs.
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
Form A: Baseline pharmaceutical human resources assessment
1. To identify cadres that provide pharmaceutical services
2. To identify facilities that offer pharmaceutical services or undertake pharmaceutical
functions
3. To describe ownership policies for each facility type offering pharmaceutical services
4. To identify licensing requirements of cadres and facilities providing pharmaceutical
services
5. To quantify the number of facilities offering pharmaceutical services by type and
sector
6. To quantify trends in workforce levels and workforce supply for the past 10 years
7. To determine the gender distribution of each cadre
8. To quantify the number of foreign trained and foreign workforce in each cadre
9. To quantify the practice distribution of each cadre by facility type and sector
10. To determine regional distribution of the pharmaceutical workforce by cadre and
proportions serving the urban and rural areas
11. To identify the number of positions filled and vacant, and the projected workforce
requirements within the public sector
12. To determine whether job descriptions exist for each cadre within the public sector
13. To quantify the number of retirements, dismissals, resignations and recruitments by
cadre
14. To identify the number of letters of good standing requested per year over the past 5
years for migration purposes
15. To identify the public sector salary ranges for pharmacists by setting and level
16. To identify the existence of and the scope of strategic pharmaceutical human
resources plans
17. To catalog the human resource development strategies that have been implemented
over the past 5 years and are planned for the next 5 years by cadre
Form B: Pharmacy Education Providers
18. To ascertain basic descriptive information about the institution, its accreditation
status and types of programs it offers
19. To identify the accessibility of computers, internet and reference materials by
academic faculty/staff and students
20. To quantify the academic faculty/staff workforce by qualification, level and
department
21. To determine the salary ranges for academic faculty/staff by level
22. To quantify the academic faculty/staff attrition and recruitment levels and number
of vacancies
23. To identify the sources of funding for the institution and proportion of the budget
that is derived from each source
24. To identify the pre‐service education and training programs offered by the
institution, their entry requirements and enrolment descriptive
25. To identify the post‐graduate education and training programs offered by the
institution, their entry requirements and enrolment descriptive
26. To identify the continuing education programs offered by the institution and the
number of enrolments
4
Assessment toll objectives
Form C: Health facilities
27. To determine the employee demographics in heath facilities
28. To identify the pharmaceutical services provided and cadres responsible for
providing each service
29. To identify policies regarding recruitment, salary increases, performance
management and support for further training and education for pharmaceutical
cadres
30. To quantify the level of attrition and recruitment in each facility
31. To examine the number of vacancies and reasons for unfilled positions in each
facility
Form D: Pharmaceutical manufacturers, wholesalers and medical stores
Form E: Job satisfaction
37. To identify relationships between demographics and job satisfaction
38. To analyze incentive structures for different cadres and workplace types
39. To identify the prevalence of performance management practices
40. To explore trends in salary payment delays
41. To examine workplace safety and harassment by workplace types
42. To identify future trends in attrition
43. To describe the general level of job satisfaction
44. To examine job satisfaction traits
Form E incorporates an adapted version of the validated Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS),
PE Spector, 1994.
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
6
Objectives specific indicators
3. Objectivesspecific indicators
The table below summarizes the indicators relevant to each tool and links these to the specific
objectives. These indicators also provide some guidance for analysis and suggestions on how
the data can be analysed and presented. The list of indicators is not exhaustive and where
possible, should be supplemented by and integrated with the appropriate set of indicators
used in national level for broader human resources for health monitoring systems. Guidance
for the development and use of indicators for human resources is available through the
publication ‘Monitoring the building blocks of health systems: a handbook of indicators and
their measurement strategies (WHO, 2010)’:
http://www.who.int/healthinfo/systems/WHO_MBHSS_2010_section2_web.pdf
Baseline Assessment of Human Resources in the country (form A)
Objectives Indicators
1. To identify cadres that provide • List of cadres providing pharmaceutical services in the
pharmaceutical services country and descriptions of their level of training
2. To identify facilities that offer • List of facilities for the country that offer pharmaceutical
pharmaceutical services or undertake services or undertake pharmaceutical functions
pharmaceutical functions
3. To describe ownership policies for each • Description of ownership policies for facilities
facility type offering pharmaceutical
services
4. To identify licensing requirements of • Description of professional and facility regulations for
cadres and facilities providing licensure
pharmaceutical services
5. To quantify the number of facilities • Proportion of each facility type of the total
offering pharmaceutical services by type • Density of facilities per 10,000 population by facility
and sector type
6. To quantify trends in workforce levels • Percentage change over 10 years in workforce levels
and workforce supply for the past and supply by pharmaceutical cadre
10 years • Density of pharmaceutical human resources per 10,000
population by cadre
7. To determine the gender distribution of • Proportion of females for each pharmaceutical cadre
each cadre
8. To quantify the number of foreign trained • Proportion of foreign trained and foreign workforce of
and foreign workforce in each cadre the total pharmaceutical human resources by cadre
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
9. To quantify the practice distribution of • Density of each pharmaceutical cadre per 10,000
each cadre by facility type and sector population by facility type
• Proportion of each pharmaceutical cadre by facility type
and sector
10. To determine regional distribution of the • Density of each pharmaceutical cadre per 10,000
pharmaceutical workforce by cadre and population by region/district
proportions serving the urban and rural • Proportion of each cadre serving urban and rural areas
areas in comparison to population residing in urban and rural
areas
11. To identify the number of positions filled • Proportion of total available positions (filled + vacant)
and vacant, and the projected workforce that are vacant by pharmaceutical cadre
requirements within the public sector • Percentage difference in projected requirements
compared to total available positions (projected/total x
100) and currently filled positions (projected/filled x
100) by pharmaceutical cadre
12. To determine whether job descriptions • List of cadres where job descriptions exist in the public
exist for each cadre within the public sector
sector
13. To quantify the number of retirements, • Attrition rate by pharmaceutical cadre (total attrition
dismissals, resignations and recruitments per annum/total workforce x 100)
by cadre • Recruitment rate by pharmaceutical cadre (total
recruited per annum/total workforce x 100)
• Proportion of attrition due to each form of attrition by
pharmaceutical cadre
14. To identify the number of letters of good • Description of 5 year trend in number of letters of good
standing requested per year over the standing requested
past 5 years for migration purposes
15. To identify the public sector salary ranges • Description of salary ranges by setting and level
for pharmacists by setting and level
16. To identify the existence of and the scope • Description of scope of strategic pharmaceutical human
of strategic pharmaceutical human resources plans and gaps
resources plans
17. To catalog the human resource • Description of human resource development strategies
development strategies that have been implemented over the past 5 years and planned in the
implemented over the past 5 years and future
are planned for the next 5 years by cadre
Assessment of education providers (form B)
Objectives Indicators
18. To ascertain basic descriptive information • Pharmacy education providers list by education level
about the institution, its accreditation • Total enrolment capacity of education providers by
status and types of programs it offers cadre trained
• Proportion of education providers with national and
international partnerships with other higher education
institutions
• Proportion of education providers that are accredited
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Objectives specific indicators
19. To identify the accessibility of computers, • Proportion of education providers with access to
internet and reference materials by different types of educational resources
academic faculty and students
20. To quantify the academic faculty/staff • Total academic faculty/staff workforce by type of cadre
workforce by qualification, level and trained
department • Proportion of academic faculty by qualification level and
expertise area (department)
21. To determine the salary ranges for • Mean salary ranges by cadre trained, job level and
academic faculty public and private sectors
22. To quantify the academic faculty/staff • Attrition rate per annum by education provider
attrition and recruitment levels and (attrition/total workforce x 100)
number of vacancies • Recruitment rate per annum by education provider
(recruitment/total workforce x 100)
• Vacancy rate per annum by education provider
(vacancies/total filled and unfilled positions x 100)
23. To identify the sources of funding for the • Mean proportions of funding sources by education level
institution and proportion of the budget
that is derived from each source
24. To identify the pre‐service education and • List of education programs offered by education level
training programs offered by the • Summary of entry requirements for different education
institution, their entry requirements and programs
enrolment descriptive
• Attrition rate from graduating cohort
(graduated/enrolled x 100)
• Enrolment rate (applicants/enrolled x 100)
25. To identify the post‐graduate education • List of post‐graduate programs by education level
and training programs offered by the • Summary of entry requirements by type of program
institution, their entry requirements and
enrolment descriptive • Number of students enrolled in post‐graduate programs
by education level
26. To identify the continuing education • Proportion of education providers offering continuing
programs offered by the institution and education programs
the number of enrolments • Summary of course content and length
• Description of the number individuals enrolled in
continuing education programs over the past 3 years
Assessment of human resources at health facility level (form C)
Objectives Indicators
27. To determine the employee • Proportion of the workforce by cadre
demographics in heath facilities • Proportion of the workforce by age group
• Proportion of the workforce by gender
• Proportion of the workforce that are regular or
temporary employees
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
28. To identify the pharmaceutical services • Proportions by facility type that provide different
provided and cadres responsible for pharmaceutical services
providing each service • Proportion of facilities with non‐pharmaceutical cadres
providing pharmaceutical services
• Correlation between types of pharmaceutical services
provided and cadres employed
29. To identify policies regarding • Proportion of each facility type with job descriptions by
recruitment, salary increases, pharmaceutical cadre
performance management and support • Proportion of each facility type with performance based
for further training and education for management
pharmaceutical cadres
• Percentages of each facility type increasing salaries for
each criterion
30. To quantify the level of attrition and • Mean attrition rate for each pharmaceutical cadre by
recruitment in each facility facility type (attrition/total workforce x 100)
• Mean recruitment rate for each pharmaceutical cadre
by facility type (recruited/total workforce x 100)
31. To examine the number of vacancies and • Mean proportion of each facility type with
reasons for unfilled positions in each pharmaceutical cadre vacancies
facility • Percentages of facilities citing main reasons for
positions remaining vacant
Assessment of human resources at manufacturers and wholesalers (form D)
Objectives Indicators
32. To determine the employee • Proportion of the workforce by cadre
demographics in pharmaceutical • Proportion of the workforce by age group
manufacturers, wholesalers and medical
stores • Proportion of the workforce by gender
• Proportion of the workforce that are regular or
temporary employees
33. To identify the pharmaceutical functions • Proportions by facility type that provide different
conducted and cadres responsible for pharmaceutical services
undertaking each function • Proportion of facilities with non‐pharmaceutical cadres
providing pharmaceutical services
• Correlation between types of pharmaceutical services
provided and cadres employed
34. To identify policies regarding • Proportion of each facility type with job descriptions by
recruitment, salary increases, pharmaceutical cadre
performance management and support • Proportion of each facility type with performance based
for further training and education for management
pharmaceutical cadres
• Percentages of each facility type increasing salaries for
each criterion
35. To quantify the level of attrition and • Mean attrition rate for each pharmaceutical cadre by
recruitment in each facility facility type
• Mean recruitment rate for each pharmaceutical cadre
by facility type
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Objectives specific indicators
36. To examine the number of vacancies and • Mean proportion of each facility type with
reasons for unfilled positions in each pharmaceutical cadre vacancies
facility • Percentages of facilities citing main reasons for
positions remaining vacant
Job satisfaction of human resources in the pharmaceutical sector (form E)
Objectives Indicators
37. To identify relationships between • General job satisfaction levels by gender, age group,
demographics and job satisfaction level of education, cadre, and length of work experience
38. To analyze incentive structures for • Proportion of cadres receiving different types of
different cadres and workplace types incentives
• Proportion of employees in each workplace type that
receive different incentives
39. To identify the prevalence of • Proportion of respondents with a job description
performance management practices • Proportion of job descriptions cited to accurately
represent the respondent’s roles and responsibilities
• Proportion of respondents that undergo performance
review
40. To explore trends in salary payment • Proportion of respondents that have received a delay in
delays salary by facility type
• Average length of delay in salary by facility type
• Correlation between length of delay in salary by level of
job satisfaction
41. To examine workplace safety and • Proportion of employees by facility type that have
harassment by workplace types reported harassment and lack of safety in the workplace
environment
42. To identify future trends in attrition • Proportion of respondents that plan to change jobs
within the next two years by facility type (overall and by
different demographics)
• Most commonly cited sector of intended employment
43. To describe the general level of job • General level of job satisfaction according to Job
satisfaction Satisfaction Survey (JSS) by cadre and employment
facility type
44. To examine job satisfaction traits • Score for each aspect of job satisfaction according to JSS
by cadre and employment facility type
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
12
Methods
4. Methods
4.1 Selection of research team
For effective data collection, a research team should be assembled and investigators trained in
the use of each form. Data collection should be conducted in phases as described in Section
3.3. The research team should also clarify with their national authorities if ethical approval is
required for this assessment.
A national coordinator will be selected and will work in collaboration with the Ministry of
Health. S/he should have a sound knowledge of the country's pharmaceutical and human
resources for health situation. This person should be of integrity and must have gained respect
of colleagues in the Ministry of Health with whom s/he will be working. Ideally they would a
pharmacist. Furthermore, they must have easy access to relevant departments in the Ministry
of Health, the professional body or Pharmacy Council and the major faculties of pharmacy in
the country.
A total of 12 data collectors would be needed. Two data collectors will be required for each
geopolitical area. Data collectors should be pharmacists, pharmacy technicians or people with
social sciences qualification, good literacy and numeracy skills. An external consultant may be
needed depending on the country's situation to analyse and interpret the data and publish the
findings.
4.2 Training of data collectors
Training should be carried out over three days to give the data collectors a better
understanding on how to gather information in a coordinated manner across the research
team. The activities to be carried out during the training will be as follows:
Day 1 Briefing on survey forms A ‐ E
Day 2 Field test of survey form C and E. Facilities for the field test should be selected
prior to the training and official letters sent by the MoH focal point to inform these
facilities to arrange dates for interviews. Form E should be administered to at least 2‐3
staff in each of the visited facilities.
Day 3 Data entry for forms C and D and debriefing. Recommendations to address any
problems identified in data collection and entry
4.3 Data collection
Data collection should take place over two phases. Sampling is necessary for Phase II (Forms C,
D and E)
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
Surveys can also be self‐administered if it is not possible for a data collector to physically be
present. Data collectors should ensure that all interviewees receive the relevant Information
Sheet that provides background information about the assessment.
Phase 1: Forms A and B
1. Identification of potential data sources and interviewees. Set up of interview
appointments for data collection.
2. Follow investigator instructions on the forms.
3. Conduct baseline assessment (Form A) in collaboration with Ministry of Health and
pharmacy professional bodies (eg – Pharmacy or Health Professions Council,
Pharmaceutical Society).
4. Conduct survey of all pharmacy education providers using Form B. Survey form can
also be self‐administered. Administer Form E to all pharmacists and pharmaceutical
technicians and assistants that are working for pharmacy education providers and
that are available at the time of the visit.
5. Document the number of pharmacy education providers surveyed and number
responding to ascertain the response rate.
6. Use baseline assessment to identify sampling frame for Forms C and D (as per
sampling protocol described in section 3.4).
Phase 2: Forms C, D and E
1. Select facilities where you will conduct the survey (see 3.4‐ Sampling protocol)
2. Code each facility for use in data entry and analysis (where possible, number the
forms with these codes).
3. Follow investigator instructions on the forms.
4. Conduct facility level surveys in collaboration with facility managers, chief
pharmacists, human resources manages. More than one contributor per facility may
be required to obtain data. Survey can also be self‐administered if investigator
cannot be physically present.
5. Administer form E to all pharmaceutical personnel (Pharmacists, Pharmaceutical
Technicians and Assistants, and Pharmacy Aides) present in the sampled facilities at
the moment of the visit.
6. Document the number of facilities surveyed and the number responding to ascertain
the response rate.
4.4 Sampling Protocol for forms C, D and E
4.4.1 Developing a frame and determining total number of facilities to be sampled
Information collected on the total number of facilities providing pharmaceutical services by
facility type through form A (question 8) should be used to develop a sampling frame of
facilities to collect information on form C. In the table below, enter the total number of each
type of facility according to the following categories:
14
Methods
Facility type Total number in the country
Pharmaceutical wholesalers
Pharmaceutical manufacturers
Medical stores
Public sector hospitals
Other public sector facilities
Private sector hospitals
Other private sector facilities
Private retail pharmacies
Private medicines outlets
Other (if applicable)
Using the table below, for each facility type, identify the minimum required sample size in
order for the sample to be statistically representative. The sample size table is based on
calculations which factor in a desired confidence level of 95% and confidence interval of ± 5%
(online sample size calculator, National Statistical Service of Australia website:
www.nss.gov.au). As can be seen in the table, the minimum sample size required becomes
less as a proportion of the total as the total number of facilities increases. Use the closest next
row up if your exact number of facilities is not listed in the table. You can also use the website
(www.nss.gov.au) to calculate your minimum required sample size
Minimum sample size table:
Total Sample Total Sample Total Sample Total Sample
number size number size number size number size
5 4 175 120 425 202 1,750 315
10 9 200 132 450 208 2,000 323
20 19 225 142 500 218 2,500 333
30 27 250 152 600 235 3,000 341
40 36 275 160 700 240 4,000 351
50 44 300 169 800 260 5,000 357
75 63 325 170 900 270 10,000 370
100 79 350 183 1,000 278 50,000 382
125 94 375 190 1,250 294 100,000 383
150 108 400 196 1,500 306 500,000 384
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
Enter the sample size required for each facility type in the table below. Add these together to
obtain the total sample size:
A mix of socio‐economic and geo‐political scenarios should be represented in your sample. For
this purpose, it is advised to select 6 geo‐political areas in the country. Purposefully select the
area with the capital city, the most rural or lowest income generating area and area with the
economic city if this is not the same as the capital city. Then select the remaining 4 or 3 areas
randomly.
Some areas in the country may be excluded due to security concerns or other logistics
constraints. If the latter is the case, please indicate it in the methodology section of your
report since this may have an influence on the results and may signify that your conclusions
may not hold for the whole countries.
4.4.3 Selecting Facilities for form C & D
Based on the total number of facilities to be sampled in the whole country, you can determine
how many facilities of each type should be selected for each area. This will be the number of
facilities to be sampled for the whole country divided by 6. E.g. if the total number of retail
pharmacies to be sampled in the country is 111, then the number to be sampled in each area
would be 111/6=18.5; round to the next number, which in this case would be 19. If there are
an insufficient number of facilities in any given area to obtain this sample, increase the number
of facilities to be surveyed in an area with more facilities.
Once you have determined the number of facilities in each area, you need to randomly select
the facilities to run the survey. In order to do so, you need a list of facilities of each type that
are present in the area. Each facility should be numbered.
16
Methods
There are many ways in which to randomly select facilities. One way is to use online sites that
generate random numbers within a range (eg ‐ http://www.random.org/integers/). Another
way is to manually select facilities using the following method. Once you have the list you
need to calculate the sampling interval, which depends on the total number of facilities and
the number to be chosen. For example, if there are 300 public facilities and you need to select
10, then the sampling interval will be 300/10=30. You will then pick a number between 1 and
30, for instance 11. After that, you will select the 11th facility on the list, then you will add your
sampling interval and select the 41st facility on the list and continue like this until you have 10
public health facilities. You then repeat the process for all types of facilities.
If you cannot obtain the list for a type of facilities (e.g. private retailers and outlets), visit all the
facilities of this kind that are close to other facilities you are visiting until you have reached the
desired number of facilities. If there are not enough facilities of one kind in one geographical
area, extend the list to include the closest facilities in a neighboring area.
4.4.4 Form E
Form E should be given to all pharmacists, pharmaceutical technicians and assistants and
pharmacy aides that are present in the selected facilities when the survey is conducted. This
includes both facilities where form C is used (facilities providing pharmaceutical services) and
facilities where form D is use (wholesalers, manufacturers).
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
18
Data entry and analysis
5 Data entry and analysis
5.1 Data entry
Forms A – E:
1. Enter all data into the spreadsheet according to the template instruction. Each
facility level survey should be labeled with an identifying number (code) which is
present on the completed survey as well as entered into the spreadsheet (rather
than the name of the facility). Keep a facility code sheet with both the name and
code of the facility for reference.
2. Validate the data in the spreadsheet by checking all questions for Forms A and B. For
forms C, D and E check 10% of responses. For example, this means 18 questionnaires
for form C (if given to 180 facilities), 3 questionnaires for form D (if given to 30
establishments). For form E, the number of questionnaires to be checked is total
number of responses/10. Use an online site that generates random numbers within a
range to select which questionnaires (by their numerical code) to check for each
form (eg ‐ http://www.random.org/integers/).
3. Document all inaccuracies in the error template of the spreadsheet. Correct all
errors. If level of errors is high (for example, greater than 5%), there may be a need
to recheck all responses.
4. Transfer data for forms B,C,D, E into statistical software such as Epi Info, or SPSS. All
data must be in numerical form (ie – no words) for SPSS.
5.2 Data analysis
Forms A – E:
1. Quantitatively analyze data according to the indicator descriptions for each objective
of the forms.
2. Use statistical software to calculate whether differences between groups are
statistically significant (chi squared tests, t‐tests).
3. Use statistical software to identify correlations between different variables within
the dataset where applicable.
Guidance for the analysis of job satisfaction scores (Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS), PE Spector,
1994.) are available on this website:
http://shell.cas.usf.edu/~pspector/scales/jsspag.html.
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
20
Using assessment findings to inform human resources planning
6 Using assessment findings to inform
human resources planning
It is important for assessment findings to be used to inform future pharmaceutical human
resources planning that is integrated into broader human resources for health planning. This
requires findings to be appropriately reported, disseminated and used. Key findings should be
summarized and presented in an Assessment Report which describes the assessment
objectives, methods, results, conclusions and recommendations to address issues identified in
the assessment. It may be useful to also present findings in a short executive summary or
factsheet which can be easily disseminated to stakeholders. Consider organizing a multi‐
stakeholder forum to discuss findings and identify strategies to address major pharmaceutical
human resources issues through interactive focus groups. A two to three day forum may be
required to identify the major human resources issues based on the assessment, define
strategic objectives that respond to these issues, and activities that address these. The forum
should also identify opportunities and barriers to the implementation of activities and identify
key stakeholders and their roles. These components can be collated to develop a strategic
framework for pharmaceutical human resources to inform broader human resources for
health strategic plan development. Further guidance and tools to support human resources
for health planning are available on this site:
http://www.who.int/hrh/tools/planning/en/index.html.
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
22
References
7. References
(1) Joint Learning Initiative. Human resources for health: Overcoming the crisis.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Pres; 2004.
(2) Chan XH, Wuliji T. 2006 FIP Global Pharmacy Workforce and Migration Report.
2006.
(3) 2009 FIP Global Pharmacy Workforce Report. The Hague: International
Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP); 2009.
(4) Dayrit MM, Dolea C. The health workforce crisis ‐ where are the pharmacists?
International Pharmacy Journal 2006;20(1).
(5) United Nations. Delivering on the global partnerships for achieving the Millennium
Development Goals; MDG gap task force report. 2008.
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
24
Glossary
Glossary
Actively practicing:
Individuals that are employed in the pharmaceutical sector or an area relating to
pharmaceutical service provision, education, policy, planning, regulation or research.
Academic faculty:
The professors, teachers, and lecturers of a university, college or school.
Accreditation:
The process whereby an association or agency grants public recognition to an organization,
site or program that meets certain established qualifications or standards, as determined
through initial and periodic evaluations.
Attrition:
Workforce exit from a workplace or the labour market. Forms of attrition include retirement,
dismissal, resignation, and migration. Also used to describe exist of enrolled students in
education programs due to drop out, fails and program changes.
Biomedical laboratory scientists and related professionals:
Those who conduct tests, experiments, laboratory analyses and field research in areas such as
genetics, immunology, pharmacology, toxicology, physiology, bacteriology and virology to
solve human health and environmental problems. Occupations included in this category
typically require university‐level study in a life sciences field.
Cadre:
Professionally distinct group of the workforce defined by their roles and level of responsibility
and competency.
Career structure:
Planned set of differentiated steps, posts or jobs through which one can progress
professionally within a specific position or across positions over time.
Community health workers:
Provide health education, referral and follow up, case management, and basic preventive
health care and home visiting services to specific communities. Occupations included in this
category normally require formal or informal training and supervision recognized by the health
and social services authorities. Examples of national occupation titles included here are:
community health officers, community health‐education workers, community health aides,
family health workers, community health visitors and health extension package workers.
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
Compounding:
Preparation, mixing, assembling or packaging of a medicine.
Credential:
Documented evidence of professional or educational qualifications (examples include: degree,
diploma, and certification).
Dispensing:
To label from stock and supply a clinically appropriate medicine to a patient or care giver and
to advise on safe and effective use.
Drug information:
The provision of technical information by pharmaceutical companies to healthcare providers
and health facilities on medicines, such as the indications, drug interactions, side effects,
mechanism of action, dosages, formulations, administration.
Education and training:
The process by which an individual is equipped with the knowledge, skills and attitudes needed
to produce the kind of performance necessary to achieve health services objectives.
Entry requirements:
Minimum academic, language, experiential, motivational and other requirements necessary in
order to be considered an applicant to the program.
Extraterritorial organizations and bodies:
Includes international organizations such as the United Nations and its specialized agencies,
regional bodies, diplomatic and consular missions, etc.
First stage of tertiary education:
Programmes having an advanced educational content, the successful completion of which
provides the participants with a labour‐market relevant qualification as pharmacist.
Cumulative theoretical duration of at least 2 years, although typically they are of 4 or more
years (e.g. B.Sc., B.Pharm, Pharm.D.).
Foreign:
Non‐citizens or non‐nationals of your country.
Foreign trained:
Individuals that have trained outside of your country. Includes nationals of your country as
well as non‐nationals.
Higher education:
Includes institutions providing post‐secondary non‐tertiary and tertiary education, including
granting of qualifications in pharmacy.
Hospitals:
Includes general and specialized hospitals providing short‐ or long‐term medical, diagnostic
and treatment services, chiefly directed to inpatients.
26
Glossary
Inventory management:
The appropriate storage of medicines and management of stock to ensure adequate supply
and minimize expiration.
Internship:
A form of supervised mandatory practice experience required following graduation from pre‐
service education and prior to licensure (also known as registration period).
License:
A credential issued by a government or regulatory body that indicates that the holder is in
compliance with minimum mandatory requirements necessary to practice in a particular
profession or occupation. (Similar term: Registration).
Manufacturing:
Manufacture of medicinal active substances to be used for their pharmacological properties in
pharmaceuticals and medical products. Includes: (1) manufacturing biological and medicinal
products; (2) processing (i.e., grading, grinding, and milling) botanical drugs and herbs; (3)
isolating active medicinal principals from botanical drugs and herbs; and (4) manufacturing
pharmaceutical products intended for internal and external consumption in such forms as
ampoules, tablets, capsules, vials, ointments, powders, solutions, and suspensions.
Medical stores:
Facility which is primarily responsible for the storage and distribution of pharmaceuticals and
medical products to health facilities. May also be responsible for procurement.
Medicines information and advice:
The provision of technical information on medicines, such as the indications, drug interactions,
side effects, mechanism of action, dosages, formulations, administration. Includes counseling
patients to improve appropriate use, minimize adverse effects and optimize efficacy.
Medicines use review:
Assessment of patients’ therapy to improve their understanding, identify adverse effects and
propose solutions; improve adherence; and the clinical and cost effectiveness of medicines.
Newly licensed/qualified:
Individuals who have entered the labour market for the first time.
Nursing and midwifery associate professionals:
Provide basic nursing and personal care for people who are physically or mentally ill, disabled
or infirm, and others in need of care due to
potential risks to health including before, during and after childbirth. They generally work in
support of implementation of health care, treatment and referral plans established by medical,
nursing, midwifery or other health professionals. Occupations included in this category
typically require knowledge and skills obtained as the result of post‐secondary study in nursing
or midwifery; in some cases, extensive on‐the‐job training may substitute for the formal
education. Examples of national occupations classified here are: assistant nurse, enrolled
nurse, practical nurse, assistant midwife.
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
Nursing and midwifery professionals:
Those who plan, provide and evaluate treatment, support and care services for people who
are in need of such care due to effects of ageing, injury, illness or other physical or mental
impairment, or potential risks to health including before, during and after childbirth.
Occupations included in this category typically require knowledge and skills obtained as the
result of study in nursing or midwifery at a higher educational institution. Examples of
national occupations classified here are: nurse practitioner, clinical nurse, public health nurse,
nurse anaesthetist, professional nurse, professional midwife.
Other health facilities:
Includes establishments other than hospitals providing general or specialized medical
consultation and treatment, such as outpatient clinics.
Paramedical practitioners:
Provide advisory, diagnostic, curative and preventive medical services more limited in scope
and complexity than those carried out by medical doctors. They work autonomously or with
limited supervision of medical doctors, and apply advanced clinical procedures for treating and
preventing diseases, injuries and other physical or mental impairments common to specific
communities. Occupations included in this category normally require completion of tertiary‐
level training in theoretical and practical medical services. Examples of national occupations
classified here are: clinical officer, physician assistant, primary care paramedic, surgical
technician, Feldscher.
Performance management:
Process of optimizing productivity and quality of work of the workforce.
Pharmaceutical manufacturer:
Establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) manufacturing biological
and medicinal products; (2) processing (i.e., grading, grinding, and milling) botanical drugs and
herbs; (3) isolating active medicinal principals from botanical drugs and herbs; and (4)
manufacturing pharmaceutical products intended for internal and external consumption in
such forms as ampoules, tablets, capsules, vials, ointments, powders, solutions, and
suspensions.
Pharmaceutical services:
All service rendered by pharmaceutical staff to support the provision of pharmaceutical care.
Beyond the supply of pharmaceutical products, pharmaceutical services include information,
education, and communication to promote public health, the provision of medicines
information and counselling, regulatory services, education and training of staff.
Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants:
Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants perform a variety of tasks associated with
dispensing medicinal products under the guidance of a pharmacist, or other health
professional. Occupations grouped in this category typically require knowledge and skills
obtained as the result of study in pharmacy services at a higher educational institution.
Examples of national occupation titles classified here are: pharmaceutical technician,
pharmaceutical technologist, pharmaceutical assistant.
28
Glossary
Pharmaceutical wholesaler:
Buys goods from a manufacturer or importer and sells it to retailers, institutional or
professional users or to other wholesalers.
Pharmacists:
Pharmacists store, preserve, compound, test and dispense medicinal products and counsel on
the proper use and adverse effects of drugs and medicines following prescriptions issued by
medical doctors and other health professionals. They contribute to researching, preparing,
prescribing and monitoring medicinal therapies for optimizing human health. Occupations
included in this category normally require completion of university‐level training in theoretical
and practical pharmacy, pharmaceutical chemistry or a related field. Examples of national
occupation titles classified here are: hospital pharmacist, industrial pharmacist, retail
pharmacist, dispensing chemist.
Pharmacovigilance:
Detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects arising from
medicines use.
Pharmacy aids:
Performs simple and routine tasks such as labeling drugs, chemicals and other pharmaceutical
preparations and replenishing stock on shelves. Occupations included here generally do not
require extensive pharmaceutical knowledge or training.
Pharmacy education provider:
Higher education institutions responsible for delivering pre‐service education and training for
pharmaceutical cadres. May also administer post‐graduate programs and continuing
education.
Physicians (medical doctor):
Those who study, diagnose, treat and prevent illness, disease, injury, and other physical and
mental impairments in humans through application of the principles and procedures of
modern medicine. Occupations included in this category require completion of a university‐
level degree in basic medical education plus postgraduate clinical training or equivalent.
Post‐graduate education:
Training that occurs after the individual has graduated from an undergraduate program. Has a
defined beginning and end. Usually leads to the award of a qualification.
Prescribing:
To designate or order the use of medicines.
Pre‐service education:
Training that occurs before an individual is legally able to practice pharmacy independently.
Private medicines outlets:
Outlets based in the community which sell a restricted set of medicines and medical products
without prescription, such as vendors, kiosks, drug stores and sellers.
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
Private retail pharmacies:
Privately owned pharmacies that provide pharmaceutical services including dispensing,
advising on and sales of prescription and non‐prescription medicines and medical products.
Procurement:
The processes involved in identifying and securing adequate supplies of medicines at
affordable prices with an appropriate standard of quality. It includes all activities related to the
management of the medicines supply chain.
Quality assurance and quality control (pharmaceuticals):
A system of processes and assessments in pharmaceutical manufacturers to ensure quality and
integrity of pharmaceutical and medical products.
Recruitment:
Process of searching for personnel to enter a particular job or position.
Reference books:
Books to which you can refer for authoritative facts. Eg – Martindale, pharmacopoeia.
Regular employees:
Employees with fixed‐term (specified date of termination) and non fixed term contracts
(contracts without limits of time where contract can only be terminated for specified causes).
Regulatory affairs:
Area of work in pharmaceutical companies that seeks to ensure compliance of
pharmaceuticals and medical products with legal and regulatory frameworks.
Research and development:
Empirical investigations that improve existing and develop new pharmaceutical innovations,
technologies and compounds.
Research grants:
Awarded for research purposes by research councils, foundations etc.
Salary structure:
Hierarchy of job types and grades and the associated compensation and benefits.
Sales representatives:
A pharmaceutical company employee who regularly visits physicians and office practices,
providing information on the company's products.
Scope of practice:
The range of professional tasks and functions that a practitioner can perform as specified by
legislation, rules, or regulations; the boundaries within which a practitioner may practice.
30
Glossary
Second stage of tertiary education:
Programmes providing sufficient qualifications for gaining entry into advanced research
programmes and professions with high skills requirements, including programmes leading to a
Master's degree.
Stakeholder:
Any individual, group, or organization that has an interest or involvement in a particular
activity, set of activities or outcome.
Temporary employees:
Includes employees that are casual workers and those with short‐term employment. Casual
workers are workers who have an explicit or implicit contract of employment which is not
expected to continue for more than a short period. Workers in short‐term employment are
workers who hold explicit or implicit contracts of employment which are expected to last
longer than the period used to define casual workers, but shorter than the one used to define
regular employees.
Therapeutic drug monitoring:
The regular measurement of serum levels of drugs requiring close 'titration' of doses in order
to ensure that there are sufficient levels in the blood to be therapeutically effective, while
avoiding potentially toxic excess.
Third stage of tertiary education:
Programmes leading to the award of an advanced research qualification, entailing advanced
study and original research (e.g. Ph.D.).
Tuition fees:
Paid by the student to undertake programs offered by the institution. Includes continuing
education fees.
Unemployed:
Does not have a job but is available and actively looking for work.
Wholesaling:
The resale (sale without transformation) of pharmaceuticals and medical products to health
facilities, pharmacies, outlets, or involves acting as an agent or broker in buying or selling
products.
Workforce supply:
The entry of new workforce into the labour market.
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
References:
Some of the definitions in this glossary have been obtained and adapted from the following
sources:
1. 2006 International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Global Pharmacy Workforce and
Migration Report: www.fip.org/hr
2. FIP Global Hospital Pharmacy Conference Glossary (2009):
http://ajhp.highwire.org/cgi/reprint/66/5_Supplement_3/s67
3. FIP Quality Assurance Framework for Pharmacy Education (2008):
http://www.fip.org/files/fip/Global%20Framework%20Final%20Draft.pdf
4. World Bank. Human resources for health glossary:
http://www.hrhresourcecenter.org/node/1080
5. Salary structure: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/salary‐structure.html
6. International Labour Organization International classification of Status in Employment:
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/download/res/icse.pdf
7. United Nations. International standard classification of all economic activities (ISIC).
Revision 4.2008.
8. International Labour Organization. International Standard Classification of Occupations
(ISCO‐08). Group definitions: Occupations in Health. Draft 4 April 2009.
32
Annexes
Annexes
33
Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
34
Annexes
Information sheet Form A: Baseline pharmaceutical human resources assessment
Information sheet Form A:
Baseline pharmaceutical human resources assessment
Background:
The Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization are conducting an assessment on
human resources for the pharmaceutical sector. This assessment aims to improve data on
pharmaceutical human resources and form the basis of policy recommendations for human
resources planning.
Interview description:
We have approached you to assist in this assessment by providing baseline information on the
pharmaceutical workforce in your country. This includes gathering details regarding the
description, distribution and details of pharmaceutical workforce planning and policies in your
country.
Confidentiality and information security:
Participation in this assessment is completely voluntary and participants may withdraw at any
time without prejudice or negative consequences. All information will be kept secure and
confidential. The assessment team will have access to the information arising from this
interview. Information which could potentially identify participants will not be published or
disclosed outside of the assessment team.
For further information please contact:
Name:
Position:
Address:
Phone:
Email:
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
36
Annexes
Information sheet Form A: Baseline pharmaceutical human resources assessment
Form A:
Baseline pharmaceutical human resources
assessment
Ministry of Health, professional and regulatory bodies
Investigator instructions
Investigator name
Investigator email
Investigator phone
Date assessment commenced Click here to enter a date.
Date assessment completed Click here to enter a date.
1. Identify information sources and potential contributors (eg – Ministry of Health and its
agencies, regulatory bodies, Pharmacy Council, Pharmacy Associations etc).
2. Complete the Information sheet for baseline pharmaceutical assessment with the details
of the relevant contact and provide a copy to every contributor.
3. Refer to the definitions to clarify the information requested in this form (defined terms
are underlined).
4. Gather information from identified data sources. Document the data sources for each
question.
5. Follow the instructions for each question and complete all sections of the form including
the year of the data and data source (body/institution that has provided the information)
where applicable.
6. If response is unknown, not applicable or is an estimate, enter the relevant abbreviation
in the response key.
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
Response key
U Unknown
Part 1 General information N/A Not applicable
* Estimate
1. Pharmaceutical cadres in your country.
Please complete the table below. Tick and describe those that apply.
Data source:
38
Annexes
Information sheet Form A: Baseline pharmaceutical human resources assessment
3. Pharmaceutical manufacturers, wholesalers and medical stores and operating licenses.
Please complete the table.
Data source:
39
Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
5. Pharmacy ownership policies
5.1 Are there financial and/or non‐financial incentives to open private pharmacies in
rural areas?
Yes No
5.1a If yes describe:
5.2 a If yes, how many pharmacies can be owned by an individual or group?
Unlimited number of pharmacies Limited number (specify):
5.3 What proportion of private retail pharmacies are independently owned? %
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Annexes
Information sheet Form A: Baseline pharmaceutical human resources assessment
6. Legal scope of practice for each cadre. Please tick the roles that are within the legal scope of practice for each cadre.
Data source:
Cadre Prescribing Administra Procurement Inventory Compounding Dispensing Medicines Therapeutic Pharma‐ Medicines
tion of management information drug covigilance use review
medicines and advice monitoring
6.1 Pharmacists
6.2 Pharmaceutical
technicians
and assistants
6.3 Pharmacy aids
6.4 Physicians
6.5 Clinical officers
6.6 Nurses
6.7 Midwives
6.8 Nurse
assistants
6.9 Laboratory
technicians
6.10 Community
health workers
Comments on Part 1: General information on the pharmaceutical sector
41
Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
Response key
U Unknown
Part 2 Total number of facilities N/A Not applicable
* Estimate
7. Total number of pharmaceutical manufacturers, wholesalers and medical stores in your
country.
Please complete the table.
Facility type Number Year Data source
of data
7.1 Public sector pharmaceutical manufacturers
7.2 Public sector pharmaceutical wholesalers
7.3 Public sector medical stores
7.4 Private sector pharmaceutical manufacturers
7.5 Private sector pharmaceutical wholesalers
7.6 Private sector medical stores
8. Total number of facilities offering pharmaceutical services in your country.
Please complete the table.
Sector Facility type Number Year of Data
data source
8.1 Public sector hospitals
Public
8.2 Other public sector health facilities
sector
8.3 Total public sector health facilities
8.4 Private sector for profit hospitals
8.5 Private sector not for profit hospitals
8.6 Other private sector for profit health facilities
Private
sector 8.7 Other private sector not for profit health
facilities
8.8 Private retail pharmacies
8.9 Private medicines outlets
Other 8.10 Other (describe):
Total 8.11 Total number of facilities
Comments on Part 2: Total number of facilities
42
Annexes
Information sheet Form A: Baseline pharmaceutical human resources assessment
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Data
source
Pharmacists
9.1 Total
licensed
(number)
9.2 Total
actively
practicing
(number)
9.3 Total newly
licensed
(number)
Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants
9.4 Total
number
9.5 Total newly
qualified
(number)
Pharmacy aids
9.6 Total
number
9.7 Total new
pharmacy
aids
(number)
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
10. Gender distribution by cadre.
Please complete the table.
Cadre Male Female Year of Data source
(number) (number) data
10.1 Licensed pharmacists
10.2 Pharmaceutical technicians
and assistants
10.3 Pharmacy aids
11. Age group distribution by cadre.
Please complete the table.
Cadre <30 30 – 49 >50 Year of Data source
years years> years data
11.1 Licensed pharmacists
11.2 Pharmaceutical technicians
and assistants
11.3 Pharmacy aids
12. Foreign trained and foreign pharmaceutical human resources by cadre.
Please complete the table.
Cadre Foreign Foreign Year Data source
trained (number) of
(number) data
12.1 Licensed pharmacists
12.2 Pharmaceutical technicians
and assistants
12.3 Pharmacy aids
Comments on Part 3: Total number of pharmaceutical human resources
44
Annexes
Information sheet Form A: Baseline pharmaceutical human resources assessment
Part 4 Practice distribution of
pharmaceutical human resources Response key
U Unknown
N/A Not applicable
* Estimate
13. Practice distribution of pharmacists.
Please complete the table.
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
14. Practice distribution of pharmaceutical technicians and assistants.
Please complete the table.
46
Annexes
Information sheet Form A: Baseline pharmaceutical human resources assessment
15. Practice distribution of pharmacy aids.
Please complete the table.
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
Response key
Part 5 Geographical distribution U Unknown
N/A Not applicable
* Estimate
16. Regional distribution of facilities offering
pharmaceutical services and pharmaceutical human resources.
Please complete the table.
Region/district (list) Population Pharmacists (number) Pharmaceutical technicians Pharmacy aids Facilities offering
and assistants (number) (number) pharmaceutical
services (number)
Total Public Total Public Total Public Total Public
sector sector sector sector
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Annexes
Information sheet Form A: Baseline pharmaceutical human resources assessment
17. Rural and urban distribution of pharmacies and pharmaceutical human resources.
Please complete the table (each row should add up to 100%).
Rural Urban Year of Data source
(%) (%) data
17.1 Public sector pharmacies (all
types)
17.2 Private retail pharmacies (all
types)
17.3 Pharmacists
17.4 Pharmaceutical technicians and
assistants
17.5 Pharmacy aids
Comments on Part 5: Geographical distribution
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
Response key
Part 6 Public sector pharmaceutical human resources U Unknown
N/A Not applicable
* Estimate
18. Projected requirements and positions filled and vacant in public sector health administration.
Please complete the table.
50
Annexes
Information sheet Form A: Baseline pharmaceutical human resources assessment
20. Projected requirements and positions filled and vacant in public sector health agencies.
Please list the agencies in the top row and complete the table.
Cadre Agency: Agency: Year of Data
data source
Required Filled Vacant Required Filled Vacant
(number) (number) (number) (number) (number) (number)
20.1 Pharmacists
20.2 Pharmaceutical technicians and
assistants
20.3 Pharmacy aids
21. Job descriptions in the Ministry of Health.
Tick cadres they exist for.
Pharmacists Pharmacy technicians and assistants Pharmacy aids or None
Comments on Part 6 : Public sector pharmaceutical human resources
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
Part 7 Attrition of pharmaceutical human resources
Response key
U Unknown
N/A Not applicable
* Estimate
22. Attrition of public sector pharmaceutical human resources over the last 12 months. Please complete the table.
52
Annexes
Information sheet Form A: Baseline pharmaceutical human resources assessment
24. Annual pre‐tax salary range of public sector pharmacists in local currency.
Please complete the table.
Local currency:
53
Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
25. Is there a national strategic plan for human resources for health development?
Yes No
If yes, please attach a copy of the plan.
25.1 If yes, state the time period for the strategic plan: year to year
26. Is there a national strategic plan for pharmaceutical human resource development?
Yes No
If yes, please attach a copy of the plan.
26.1 If yes, state the time period for the strategic plan: year to year
26.2 If yes, is the pharmaceutical human resource strategic plan part of the human
resources for health strategic plan?
26.3 Contents of the pharmaceutical human resources strategic plan. Please tick the
content areas that are included in the plan.
Data source:
54
Annexes
Information sheet Form A: Baseline pharmaceutical human resources assessment
Cadre Work‐ Recruitment Retention Career Salary Performance Education Continuing Projection of
force structure structure management and education human
supply training resource
needs
26.4 Pharmacists
26.5 Pharmaceutical
technicians and
assistants
26.6 Pharmacy aids
27. Strategies for pharmaceutical human resource development.
Please complete the table.
Data source:
Strategy Implemented within the last 5 years for the Plans to implement in next 5 years for the
following cadres (tick boxes that apply) following cadres (tick boxes that apply)
27.1 Determine national pharmaceutical Pharmacists Pharmacists
human resource needs (eg – projection of Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants
current and/or future requirements) Pharmacy aids Pharmacy aids
None of the above None of the above
27.2. Increase the production (training) of Pharmacists Pharmacists
pharmaceutical human resources Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants
Pharmacy aids Pharmacy aids
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
None of the above None of the above
27.3 Offer unconditional scholarships for Pharmacists Pharmacists
training Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants
Pharmacy aids Pharmacy aids
None of the above None of the above
27.4 Offer scholarships for training on Pharmacists Pharmacists
condition of public sector service for a Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants
minimum period Pharmacy aids Pharmacy aids
None of the above None of the above
27.5 Offer scholarships for training on Pharmacists Pharmacists
condition of rural public sector service for Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants
a minimum period Pharmacy aids Pharmacy aids
None of the above None of the above
27.6 Expand the roles and responsibilities of Pharmacists Pharmacists
cadres Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants
Pharmacy aids Pharmacy aids
None of the above None of the above
27.7 Mandatory minimum public sector service Pharmacists Pharmacists
period Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants
Pharmacy aids Pharmacy aids
None of the above None of the above
27.8 Mandatory minimum rural public sector Pharmacists Pharmacists
service period Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants
Pharmacy aids Pharmacy aids
None of the above None of the above
27.9 Active recruitment of foreign human Pharmacists Pharmacists
resources Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants
Pharmacy aids Pharmacy aids
None of the above None of the above
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Annexes
Information sheet Form A: Baseline pharmaceutical human resources assessment
27.10 Public sector salary increase Pharmacists Pharmacists
Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants
Pharmacy aids Pharmacy aids
None of the above None of the above
27.11 Public sector financial incentives for Pharmacists Pharmacists
service in rural areas Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants
(eg – allowances, loans) Pharmacy aids Pharmacy aids
None of the above None of the above
27.12 Non‐financial incentives for rural public Pharmacists Pharmacists
sector service (eg – study leave, CPD Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants
courses, professional support) Pharmacy aids Pharmacy aids
None of the above None of the above
27.13 Performance based human resources Pharmacists Pharmacists
management (eg – recognition and Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants
promotion on basis of performance) Pharmacy aids Pharmacy aids
None of the above None of the above
27.14 Free medical care for staff Pharmacists Pharmacists
(eg – free insurance, no user fees) Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants
Pharmacy aids Pharmacy aids
None of the above None of the above
27.15 Allow concurrent public and private sector Pharmacists Pharmacists
practice (eg – public sector worker can Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants
own or work in a private practice) Pharmacy aids Pharmacy aids
None of the above None of the above
27.16 Establish regularly updated national
Pharmacists Pharmacists
human resource information system
Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants
(eg – brings together data on human
Pharmacy aids Pharmacy aids
resource levels, sector and geographic
None of the above None of the above
distribution, trends etc)
Comments on Part 9: Human resources planning
57
Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
58
Annexes
Information sheet Form B: Pharmacy education providers
Information sheet Form B:
Pharmacy education providers
Background:
The Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization are conducting an assessment on
human resources for the pharmaceutical sector. This assessment aims to improve data on
pharmaceutical human resources and form the basis of policy recommendations for human
resources planning.
Interview description:
All training institutions have been approached for this assessment. We have selected your
training institution and approached you to assist in this assessment by providing information
on the pharmacy education and training programs offered.
Confidentiality and information security:
Participation in this assessment is completely voluntary and participants may withdraw at any
time without prejudice or negative consequences. All information will be kept secure and
confidential. The assessment team will have access to the information arising from this
interview. Information which could potentially identify participants and training institutions
will not be published or disclosed outside of the assessment team.
For further information please contact:
Name:
Position:
Address:
Phone:
Email:
59
Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
60
Annexes
Information sheet Form B: Pharmacy education providers
Form B:
Pharmacy education providers
Investigator instructions
Investigator name
Investigator email
Investigator phone
Date assessment commenced Click here to enter a date.
Date assessment completed Click here to enter a date.
1. Identify all pharmacy education providers (for all cadres) and organize interviews in
advance.
2. Complete the Information sheet for pharmacy education providers with the details of
the relevant contact and provide a copy to every contributor.
3. Complete one separate form for each education provider.
4. Refer to the definitions to clarify the information requested in this form (defined terms
are underlined).
5. Follow the instructions for each question and complete all sections of the form
including the year of the data and data source (body/institution that has provided the
information) where applicable.
6. If response is unknown, not applicable or is an estimate, enter the relevant
abbreviation in the response key.
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
1. Institution details.
Please complete the table.
1.1 Pharmacy education provider name
(eg – Faculty, Department)
1.2 Institution name
(eg – College, University)
1.3 Institution address
(physical location)
1.4 Education and training of Pharmacists
(tick all that apply) Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants
Pharmacy aids
1.5 Contributor(s) name and position
1.6 Contributor(s) contact email
and phone
2.1 Pharmacy education provider is a (tick one):
Unit Department School, faculty, college
Other (describe):
2.2 Pharmacy education provider is situated within a (tick all options that apply):
Medical school, faculty or college Health sciences school, faculty or college
Other (describe):
or
None of the above, provider is a stand alone institution
2.3 Year in which the pharmacy education provider was established:
2.4 Total number of enrolled students (for pre‐service and post‐graduate programs):
2.5 Number of formal collaborative partnerships currently in existence with other higher
education institutions within your country:
2.6 Number of international formal collaborative partnerships currently in existence with
other higher education institutions:
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Annexes
Information sheet Form B: Pharmacy education providers
3. Institution type and accreditation status.
Complete the table. Tick options that apply.
Data source:
3.1 Institution type
Public sector Private for profit Private not for profit
(tick one)
3.2 Accreditation
status Accredited Not accredited Accreditation not required
(tick one)
4. Types of programs offered.
Please complete the table. Tick the types of programs offered at this institution.
Data source:
Education and training programs
Cadre trained Post‐ Continuing
Pre‐service Other(list)
graduate education
4.1 Pharmacists
4.2 Pharmaceutical
technicians and assistants
4.3 Pharmacy aids
Comments on Part 1: General information on the pharmaceutical sector
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
Part 2 Educational resources
Response key
U Unknown
N/A Not applicable
* Estimate
5. Is there free internet access for academic faculty/staff?
Yes No
6. Is there free internet access for students?
Yes No
7. Do academic faculty/staff and students have access to medical and pharmaceutical
scientific and professional journals published within the past 12 months?
Yes No
8. Do academic faculty/staff have access to medical or pharmaceutical reference books
published within the past 24 months?
Yes No
9. Do students have access to medical or pharmaceutical reference books published within
the past 24 months?
Yes No
10. Which of the following literature databases does the institution subscribe to:
(tick all options that apply)
International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA)
Pubmed/Medline
Web of Science or None of the above.
Web of Knowledge
HINARI
Other (list):
Comments on Part 2: Educational resources
64
Annexes
Information sheet Form B: Pharmacy education providers
Response key
Part 3 Academic faculty/staff U Unknown
N/A Not applicable
* Estimate
11. Academic faculty/staff. Please complete the table.
Only count each academic staff member once in the breakdown by highest qualification.
Data source:
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
12. Academic faculty/staff attrition and recruitment. Please complete the table.
Data source:
66
Annexes
Information sheet Form B: Pharmacy education providers
Part 4 Financial resources
Response key
U Unknown
N/A Not applicable
* Estimate
14. Sources of funding.
Please complete the table.
Data source:
Funding sources for the last academic year budget Proportion
of budget
Year: (%)
14.1 Government
14.2 Tuition fees
14.3 Research grants
14.4 Grants and donations from pharmaceutical industry
14.5 Grants and donations from professional bodies
14.6 Grants and donations from extraterritorial organizations and bodies
14.7 Other (list):
14.8 Other (list):
Comments on Part 4: Financial resources
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
15. Does this institution offer pre‐service programs?
Yes No
If yes, complete Part 5
16. Pre‐service pharmacy education and training programs offered by the institution and
entry requirements.
Please complete the table.
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Annexes
Information sheet Form B: Pharmacy education providers
17. Pre‐service pharmacy education and training programs offered by the institution.
Please complete the table based on programs listed in question Tick options that apply.
Data source: Local currency:
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
Part 6 Postgraduate education
Response key
and training programs U Unknown
N/A Not applicable
* Estimate
18. Does this institution offer post‐graduate programs?
Yes No
If yes, complete Part 6. If no, skip to Part 7.
19. Post‐graduate pharmacy education and training programs offered by the institution and
entry requirements.
Please complete the table.
Program Credential Graduating Education level Entry requirements
name (list) awarded cadre (tick) (describe)
(list) (list)
Second stage tertiary
19.1
Third stage tertiary
Second stage tertiary
19.2
Third stage tertiary
Second stage tertiary
19.3
Third stage tertiary
Second stage tertiary
19.4
Third stage tertiary
Second stage tertiary
19.5
Third stage tertiary
Second stage tertiary
19.6
Third stage tertiary
Second stage tertiary
19.7
Third stage tertiary
Second stage tertiary
19.8
Third stage tertiary
Second stage tertiary
19.9
Third stage tertiary
Second stage tertiary
19.10
Third stage tertiary
Second stage tertiary
19.11
Third stage tertiary
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Annexes
Information sheet Form B: Pharmacy education providers
Program Credential Graduating Education level Entry requirements
name (list) awarded cadre (tick) (describe)
(list) (list)
Second stage tertiary
19.12
Third stage tertiary
Second stage tertiary
19.13
Third stage tertiary
Second stage tertiary
19.14
Third stage tertiary
Second stage tertiary
19.15
Third stage tertiary
Second stage tertiary
19.16
Third stage tertiary
Second stage tertiary
19.17
Third stage tertiary
Second stage tertiary
19.18
Third stage tertiary
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
20. Post‐graduate pharmacy education and training programs offered by the institution.
Please complete the table based on programs listed in question 15. Tick options that apply.
Data source: Local currency:
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Annexes
Information sheet Form B: Pharmacy education providers
Response key
Part 7 Continuing education programs U Unknown
N/A Not applicable
21. Does this institution offer continuing education programs? Yes No * Estimate
If yes, complete Part 7
22. Continuing education pharmacy programs offered by the institution and entry requirements. Please complete the table.
Program name Target cadre Program Number enrolled
(list) (tick) length 2007 2008 2009
(hours)
Pharmacists Pharmacy aids
22.1
Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Other(list):
Pharmacists Pharmacy aids
22.2
Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Other(list):
Pharmacists Pharmacy aids
22.3
Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Other(list):
Pharmacists Pharmacy aids
22.4
Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Other(list):
Pharmacists Pharmacy aids
22.5
Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Other(list):
Pharmacists Pharmacy aids
22.6
Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Other(list):
Pharmacists Pharmacy aids
22.7
Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Other(list):
Pharmacists Pharmacy aids
22.8
Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Other(list):
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
Pharmacists Pharmacy aids
22.9
Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Other(list):
Pharmacists Pharmacy aids
22.10
Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Other(list):
Pharmacists Pharmacy aids
22.11
Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Other(list):
Pharmacists Pharmacy aids
22.12
Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Other(list):
Pharmacists Pharmacy aids
22.13
Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Other(list):
Pharmacists Pharmacy aids
22.14
Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Other(list):
Pharmacists Pharmacy aids
22.15
Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Other(list):
Pharmacists Pharmacy aids
22.16
Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Other(list):
Pharmacists Pharmacy aids
22.17
Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Other(list):
Pharmacists Pharmacy aids
22.22
Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Other(list):
Pharmacists Pharmacy aids
22.20
Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Other(list):
Pharmacists Pharmacy aids
22.20
Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Other(list):
Comments on Part 7: Continuing education programs
74
Annexes
Information sheet Form B: Pharmacy education providers
Information sheet Form C:
For Health facilities
Background:
The Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization are conducting an assessment on
human resources for the pharmaceutical sector. This assessment aims to improve data on
pharmaceutical human resources and form the basis of policy recommendations for human
resources planning.
Interview description:
We have selected your facility and approached you to assist in this assessment by providing
information regarding demographics of your employees, pharmaceutical services, and human
resources management policies.
Confidentiality and information security:
Participation in this assessment is completely voluntary and participants may withdraw at any
time without prejudice or negative consequences. All information relating to the identity of
participants and facilities will be kept secure and confidential. The assessment team will have
access to the information arising from this interview. Information which could potentially
identify participants or health facilities will not be published or disclosed outside of the
assessment team.
For further information please contact:
Name:
Position:
Address:
Phone:
Email:
75
Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
76
Annexes
Information sheet Form C: Health facilities
Form C:
Health facilities
Investigator instructions
Investigator name
Investigator email
Investigator phone
Date assessment commenced Click here to enter a date.
Date assessment completed Click here to enter a date.
1. Identify health facilities as per sampling protocol.
2. Enter the health facility’s details in the coding sheet. Use the facility code for data
entry and analysis.
3. Complete the Information sheet for health facilities with the details of the relevant
contact and provide a copy to every contributor.
4. Refer to the definitions to clarify the information requested in this form (defined terms
are underlined in this form).
5. Follow the instructions for each question and complete all sections of the form
including the year of the data and data source (body/institution that has provided the
information) where applicable.
6. If response is unknown, not applicable or is an estimate, enter the relevant
abbreviation in the response key.
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
Basic health facility information
1. Contact information and basic details. Please complete the table below.
1.1 Health facility name
1.2 Health facility address
(physical location)
1.3 Facility type Public sector hospitals
(tick option that applies) Other public sector health facilities
Private sector for profit hospitals
Other private sector for profit health facilities
Private sector not for profit hospitals
Other private sector not for profit health facilities
Private retail pharmacies
Private medicines outlets
1.4 Pharmaceutical cadres Pharmacists
employed Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants
(tick all that apply) Pharmacy aids
Do not complete Part 3 if no pharmaceutical cadres are
employed by the facility
1.5 Contributor(s) name and
position
1.6 Contributor(s) contact
email and phone
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Annexes
Information sheet Form C: Health facilities
Response key
Part 1 Employees U
N/A
Unknown
Not applicable
* Estimate
2. Health workforce cadres employed by this health facility.
Please complete the table.
Comments on Part 1: Employees
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
Part 2 Pharmaceutical services
3. Pharmaceutical services provided at this facility. Please complete the table. Tick all options that apply.
Prescribing Administration Procurement Inventory Compounding Dispensing Medicines Therapeutic Pharmaco‐ Medicines
of medicines management information drug vigilance use review
and advice monitoring
3.1 Services offered by this facility
Tick if offered
Cadre providing services at this facility
3.2 Pharmacists
3.3 Pharmaceutical
technicians and assistants
3.4 Pharmacy aids
3.5 Physicians
3.6 Paramedical practitioners
3.7 Nursing and midwifery
professionals
3.8 Nursing and midwifery
associate professionals
3.9 Biomedical laboratory
scientists
3.10 Community health
workers
3. Others (list):
Comments on Part 2: Pharmaceutical services
80
Annexes
Information sheet Form C: Health facilities
Part 3 Human resources management
Response key
U Unknown
N/A Not applicable
* Estimate
4. Is your facility directly responsible for the recruitment of pharmaceutical human
resources?
Yes No
If no, which of the following are responsible? Tick option that applies
4.1 Ministry of Health
4.2 Regional health authority
4.3 District health authority
4.4 Other (list):
5. Does your facility have job descriptions for pharmaceutical cadres? Yes No
If yes, tick all that apply
5.1. Pharmacists or Not applicable(cadre not employed)
5.2. Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants or Not applicable (cadre not
employed)
5.3. Pharmacy aids or Not applicable (cadre not employed)
6. Does this facility assess the performance of pharmaceutical cadres? Yes No
If yes, how is performance assessed? Tick all that apply
6.1 Against job descriptions
6.2 Against performance targets
6.3 Against competency frameworks or standards of practice
6.4 Other (describe):
7. Which of the following are included in the criteria for pay increases at this facility?
Tick all that apply.
7.1. Years worked
7.2. Further education and training
7.3. Performance
7.4. Responsibilities
7.5. Other (list):
8. How many hours are usually worked per week by pharmaceutical cadres?
State number of hours
8.1. Pharmacists: or Not applicable
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
8.2. Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants: or Not applicable
8.3. Pharmacy aids: or Not applicable
9. Does this facility provide support to pharmaceutical cadres for further training and
education?
Yes No
If yes, indicate forms of support provided to each pharmaceutical cadre. Tick all that apply.
Comments on Part 3: Human resources management
82
Annexes
Information sheet Form D: For pharmaceutical manufacturers, wholesalers and medical stores
Information sheet Form D:
For pharmaceutical manufacturers, wholesalers
and medical stores
Background:
The Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization are conducting an assessment on
human resources for the pharmaceutical sector. This assessment aims to improve data on
pharmaceutical human resources and form the basis of policy recommendations for human
resources planning.
Interview description:
We have selected your facility and approached you to assist in this assessment by providing
information regarding demographics of your employees, pharmaceutical services, and human
resources management policies.
Confidentiality and information security:
Participation in this assessment is completely voluntary and participants may withdraw at any
time without prejudice or negative consequences. All information relating to the identity of
participants and facilities will be kept secure and confidential. The assessment team will have
access to the information arising from this interview. Information which could potentially
identify participants and facilities will not be published or disclosed outside of the assessment
team.
For further information please contact:
Name:
Position:
Address:
Phone:
Email:
83
Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
84
Annexes
Information sheet Form D: For pharmaceutical manufacturers, wholesalers and medical stores
Form D:
Pharmaceutical manufacturers,
wholesalers and medical stores
Investigator instructions
Investigator name
Investigator email
Investigator phone
Date assessment commenced Click here to enter a date.
Date assessment completed Click here to enter a date.
1. Identify pharmaceutical manufacturers, wholesalers and medical stores as per
sampling protocol.
2. Enter the facility’s details in the coding sheet. Use the facility code for data entry and
analysis.
3. Complete the Information sheet for pharmaceutical manufacturers, wholesalers and
medical stores with the details of the relevant contact and provide a copy to every
contributor.
4. Refer to the definitions to clarify the information requested in this form (defined terms
are underlined).
5. Follow the instructions for each question and complete all sections of the form
including the year of the data and data source (body/institution that has provided the
information) where applicable.
6. If response is unknown, not applicable or is an estimate, enter the relevant
abbreviation in the response key.
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
Basic facility information
1. Contact information and basic details.
Please complete the table below.
1.1 Facility name
1.2 Facility address
(physical location)
1.3 Facility type Public sector pharmaceutical manufacturer
(tick option that applies) Public sector pharmaceutical wholesaler
Public sector medical stores
Private sector pharmaceutical manufacturer
Private sector pharmaceutical wholesaler
Private sector medical stores
1.4 Pharmaceutical cadres Pharmacists
employed Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants
(tick all that apply)
Pharmacy aids
Do not complete Part 3 if no pharmaceutical cadres are
employed by the facility
1.5 Contributor(s) name and
position
1.6 Contributor(s) contact
email and phone
86
Annexes
Information sheet Form D: For pharmaceutical manufacturers, wholesalers and medical stores
Response key
Part 1 Employees U Unknown
N/A Not applicable
* Estimate
2. Cadres employed by this facility. Please complete the table.
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
Part 2 Pharmaceutical functions
3. Pharmaceutical functions performed at this facility. Please complete the table. Tick all options that apply.
Procurement Inventory Manufacturing Quality Regulatory Drug Sales Wholesaling Research
management assurance and affairs information representatives and
quality control development
3.1 Function performed by this facility
Tick if performed
Cadre providing services at this facility
3.2 Pharmacists
3.3 Pharmaceutical
technicians and
assistants
3.4 Pharmacy aids
3.5 Physicians
3.6 Paramedical
practitioners
3.7 Nursing and
midwifery
professionals
3.8 Nursing and
midwifery associate
professionals
3.9 Biomedical
laboratory scientists
3.10 Others (list):
Comments on Part 2: Pharmaceutical services
88
Annexes
Information sheet Form D: For pharmaceutical manufacturers, wholesalers and medical stores
4. Is your facility directly responsible for the recruitment of pharmaceutical human
resources?
Yes No
If no, which of the following are responsible? Tick option that applies
4.1 Ministry of Health
4.2 National office
4.3 Regional office
4.4 Other (list):
5. Does your facility have job descriptions for pharmaceutical cadres? Yes No
If yes, tick all that apply
a. Pharmacists or Not applicable(cadre not employed)
b. Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants or Not applicable (cadre not
employed)
c. Pharmacy aids or Not applicable (cadre not employed)
6. Does this facility assess the performance of pharmaceutical cadres? Yes No
If yes, how is performance assessed? Tick all that apply
6.1 Against job descriptions
6.2 Against performance targets
6.3 Against competency frameworks or standards of practice
6.4 Other (describe):
7. Which of the following are included in the criteria for pay increases at this facility?
Tick all that apply.
d. Years worked
e. Further education and training
f. Performance
g. Responsibilities
h. Other (list):
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
8. How many hours are usually worked per week by pharmaceutical cadres?
State number of hours
i. Pharmacists: or Not applicable
j. Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants: or Not applicable
k. Pharmacy aids: or Not applicable
9. Does this facility provide support to pharmaceutical cadres for further training and
education?
Yes No
If yes, indicate forms of support provided to each pharmaceutical cadre. Tick all that apply.
Comments on Part 3: Human resources management
90
Annexes
Information sheet Form E: Job satisfaction
Information sheet Form E:
Job satisfaction
Background:
The Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization are conducting an assessment on
human resources for the pharmaceutical sector. This assessment aims to improve data on
pharmaceutical human resources and form the basis of policy recommendations for human
resources planning.
Survey description:
We have randomly selected you to provide your perspective on job satisfaction and
pharmaceutical human resource issues. This information will be used to develop an
understanding of roles and working conditions.
Confidentiality and information security:
Participation in this survey is completely voluntary and participants may withdraw at any time
without prejudice or negative consequences. All information will be kept secure and
confidential. The research team will have access to the data collected in this study.
Information which could potentially identify respondents and facilities will not be published or
disclosed outside of the research team.
For further information please contact:
Name:
Position:
Address:
Phone:
Email:
91
Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
92
Annexes
Information sheet Form E: Job satisfaction
Form E: Job satisfaction
Investigator instructions
Investigator name
Investigator email
Investigator phone
Date assessment commenced Click here to enter a date.
Date assessment completed Click here to enter a date.
1. Identify facilities as per protocol and disseminate the survey to all pharmaceutical
cadres present in the facility.
2. Enter the facility’s details in the coding sheet. Use the facility code for data entry and
analysis.
3. Complete the Information sheet for job satisfaction with the details of the relevant
contact and provide a copy to every contributor.
4. Refer to the definitions to clarify the information requested in this form.
5. Responses in this survey should be given with regard to the facility in which this survey
is being conducted and not other facilities where the contributor may be employed.
6. Follow the instructions for each question and complete all sections of the form.
7. If response is unknown, not applicable or is an estimate, enter the relevant
abbreviation in the response key.
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
Basic facility information
1. Facility type and basic details. Please complete the table below.
1.1 Facility type Health facility:
(Tick one) Public sector hospitals
Other public sector health facilities
Private sector for profit hospitals
Other private sector for profit health facilities
Private sector not for profit hospitals
Other private sector not for profit health facilities
Private retail pharmacies
Private medicines outlets
Pharmaceutical manufacturer and wholesaler:
Public sector pharmaceutical manufacturer
Public sector pharmaceutical wholesaler
Public sector medical stores
Private sector pharmaceutical manufacturer
Private sector pharmaceutical wholesaler
Private sector medical stores
1.2 Facility address
(physical location)
1.3 Pharmaceutical cadres Pharmacists
employed in this facility Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants
(tick all that apply) Pharmacy aids
94
Annexes
Information sheet Form E: Job satisfaction
7. Total length of pharmaceutical work experience to date.
Please complete.
Years Months
Comments on Part 1: Basic information
95
Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
9. Number of hours usually worked per week. Please complete.
Hours
10. Total length of employment in this facility to date. Please complete.
Years Months
11. Pharmaceutical roles you perform in this facility.
Tick options that apply in your current position.
Prescribing Administration of medicines
Procurement Inventory management
Compounding Dispensing
Medicines information and advice Therapeutic drug monitoring
Pharmacovigilance Medicines use review
Manufacturing Quality assurance and quality control
Regulatory affairs Drug information
Sales Wholesales
Research and development Education and training
Other (describe):
12. Do you have a job description for your position? Please tick.
Yes No
12.1 If yes, which of the following statements best describe your job description?
Please tick one.
My job description accurately describes my current roles and responsibilities.
I undertake roles and responsibilities beyond what is described in my job
description.
My job description includes roles and responsibilities which I do not undertake.
13. Is your job performance reviewed at least once a year? Please tick.
Yes No
If yes, is your performance measured: Please tick.
13.1 against a job description? Yes No
13.2 against performance targets? Yes No
13.3 against competency frameworks or standards of practice? Yes No
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Annexes
Information sheet Form E: Job satisfaction
13.4 in other ways? Describe.
14. Employment incentives.
Tick all that apply in your current position.
Free healthcare for myself (only) Free healthcare for myself and my
family
Partial healthcare coverage for myself (only) Partial healthcare coverage for
myself and family
Free housing or housing allowance Food allowance
Transportation allowance School fees allowance for children
Paid study leave Unpaid study leave
Sponsored education and training Pension
Paid sick leave Paid annual leave
15. Does your workplace permit you to undertake continuing education or professional
development activities (training, seminars, workshops) during work hours?
Yes No
16. Have you ever experienced a delay in your pay in your current position?
Yes No
16.1 If yes, what is the average length of the delay? Please complete.
Days
17. Do you feel that your workplace provides a safe environment (secure, healthy, risk‐free)
for you to perform your roles and responsibilities?
Yes No
18. Have you ever experienced any form of harassment (verbal/physical/psychological) in
this workplace from:
Please tick.
18.1 senior member(s) of staff? Yes No
18.2 other member(s) of staff? Yes No
18.3 clients or patients? Yes No
19. Have you ever experienced any sexual harassment in this workplace?
Please tick.
Yes No
Comments on Part 2: Pharmaceutical services
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
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Annexes
Information sheet Form E: Job satisfaction
Response key
U Unknown
N/A Not applicable
* Estimate
Part 4 Job satisfaction
Adapted from the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS), PE Spector, 1994.
Tick the response that best reflects your opinion.
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Pharmaceutical human resources assessment tools
Disagree Moderately Disagree Agree Moderately Agree
very much disagree slightly slightly agree very much
33. My supervisor is unfair to me.
34. The benefits we receive are as good as most other
employers offer.
35. I do not feel that the work I do is appreciated.
36. My efforts to do a good job are seldom blocked by
bureaucracy.
37. I find I have to work harder at my job because of the
incompetence of people I work with.
38. I like doing the things I do at work.
39. The goals of this workplace are not clear to me.
40. I feel unappreciated by the employer when I think about
what they pay me.
41. People get ahead as fast here as they do in other places.
42. My supervisor shows too little interest in the feelings of
subordinates.
43. The incentive package we have is equitable.
44. There are few rewards for those who work here.
45. I have too much to do at work.
46. I enjoy my coworkers.
47. I often feel that I do not know what is going on with the
workplace.
48. I feel a sense of pride in doing my job.
49. I feel satisfied with my chances for salary increases.
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Annexes
Information sheet Form E: Job satisfaction
Disagree Moderately Disagree Agree Moderately Agree
very much disagree slightly slightly agree very much
50. There are incentives we do not have which we should
have.
51. I like my supervisor.
52. I have too much paperwork.
53. I don't feel my efforts are rewarded the way they should
be.
54. I am satisfied with my chances for promotion.
55. There is too much bickering and fighting at work.
56. My job is enjoyable.
57. Work assignments are not fully explained.
Thank you for completing this survey. Please hand in completed surveys to the data collector.
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