This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: E2298 − 18

Standard Test Method for

Instrumented Impact Testing of Metallic Materials1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2298; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to

1.1 This test method establishes the requirements for per- Determine the Precision of a Test Method
forming instrumented Charpy V-notch (CVN) and instru- E2248 Test Method for Impact Testing of Miniaturized
mented miniaturized Charpy V-notch (MCVN) impact tests on Charpy V-notch Specimens
metallic materials. This method, which is based on experience 2.2 ISO Standard:
developed testing steels, provides further information (in ISO 14556 Steel—Charpy V-notch Pendulum Impact
addition to the absorbed energy) on the fracture behavior of the Tests—Instrumented Test Method3
tested materials. Minimum requirements are given for mea- 3. Terminology
surement and recording equipment such that similar sensitivity
and comparable absorbed energy measurements to those ob- 3.1 Definitions—The symbols and definitions applicable to
tained in Test Methods E23 and E2248 are achieved. instrumented impact testing are indicated in Table 1.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 4. Summary of Test Method
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 4.1 This test method prescribes the requirements for instru-
standard. mented CVN and MCVN impact tests in accordance with Test
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the Methods E23 and E2248. The E23 and E2248 tests consist of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the breaking by one blow from a swinging pendulum, under
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- conditions defined hereafter, a specimen notched in the middle
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- and supported at each end. In order to establish the impact
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. force-displacement diagram, it is necessary to instrument the
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- striker with strain gages4 and measure the voltage as a function
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- of time during the impact event. The voltage-time curve is
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the converted to the force-time curve through a suitable static
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- calibration. The force-displacement relationship is then ob-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical tained by double integration of the force-time curve. The area
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. under the force-displacement curve corresponds to the instru-
mented absorbed energy of the broken specimen.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2 Force-displacement curves for different steels and dif-
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 ferent temperatures can vary even though the areas under the
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines curves and the absorbed energies are identical. If the force-
E23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Me- displacement curves are divided into a number of characteristic
tallic Materials parts, various phases of the test with characteristic forces,
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in displacements, and partial instrumented absorbed energies can
ASTM Test Methods be deduced. These characteristic values provide additional
information about the fracture behavior of the specimen.
1
4.3 Application of instrumented test data to the evaluation
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.07 on of material behavior is the responsibility of the user of this test
Impact Testing. method.
Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originally
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E2298–15. DOI:
3
10.1520/E2298-18. Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM This test method refers to strikers instrumented with strain gages. However, the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on use of piezoelectric load cells or accelerometers is not excluded, provided their
the ASTM website. temperature sensitivity is properly accounted for.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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 E2298 − 18
TABLE 1 Symbols and Designations Related to Instrumented 6. Precautions in Operation of the Machine
Impact Testing
6.1 Safety precautions should be taken to protect personnel
Symbol Definition Unit
from electric shock, the swinging pendulum, flying broken
Fa Force at end of unstable crack propagation (arrest N
force) specimens, and hazards associated with specimen warming and
Fgy General yield force N cooling media. See also 1.3.
Fm Maximum force N
Fbf Force at initiation of brittle fracture (unstable crack N 7. Apparatus
propagation)
2
g Local acceleration due to gravity m/s 7.1 The test shall be carried out in accordance with Test
h0 Initial falling height of the striker m
KV Absorbed energy–Work spent to fracture a specimen J
Methods E23 or E2248 using a pendulum impact testing
in a single pendulum swing, as measured by a machine which is instrumented to determine force-time or
compensated indicating device force-displacement curves.
m Total effective mass of moving striker kg
sa Displacement at end of unstable crack propagation m
7.1.1 For instrumented CVN testing, the use of an instru-
(arrest force) mented striker conforming to the specifications of ISO 14556
sgy Displacement at general yield m (i.e., 2 mm radius of striking edge) is allowed. Available data
sm Displacement at maximum force m
sbf Displacement at initiation of brittle fracture m
(1, 2)5 indicate that the influence of striker geometry on
st Displacement at end of force-displacement curve m instrumented CVN forces is not very significant.
t0 Time at the beginning of deformation of the specimen s
v0 Initial striker impact velocity ms-1 7.2 Force Measurement:
Wa Partial instrumented absorbed energy from F = 0 to J 7.2.1 Force measurement is achieved by using an electronic
F = Fa sensor (piezoelectric load cell, strain gage load cell or a force
Wbf Partial instrumented absorbed energy from F = 0 to J
F = Fbf measurement derived from an accelerometer).
Wm Partial instrumented absorbed energy from F = 0 to J 7.2.2 The force measuring system (including strain gages,
F = Fm
wiring, and amplifier) shall have an upper frequency bound of
Wt Instrumented absorbed energy – work spent to J
fracture a specimen in a single pendulum swing, as at least 100 kHz for CVN tests and 250 kHz for MCVN tests.
calculated by integrating the force-displacement For MCVN tests, if only instrumented absorbed energy has to
curve
SFA Shear fracture appearance – the amount of fracture %
be measured from the curve, an upper frequency limit of 100
surface in the specimen that failed in a shear (stable) kHz is sufficient. The upper frequency bound for the system
mode shall be verified by measurement or analysis. Measurements
can be made using a function generator which is wired directly
to the strain gage bridge.
7.2.3 The signal shall be recorded without filtering. Post-test
filtering, however, is allowed.
5. Significance and Use 7.2.4 Calibration of the recorder and measurement system
5.1 Instrumented impact testing provides an independent may be performed statically in accordance with the accuracy
measurement of the absorbed energy associated with fracturing requirements given below. It is recommended that the force
CVN or MCVN specimens for test machines equipped with a calibration be performed with the striker attached to the
dial or optical encoder, or both. pendulum assembly. The strain gage signal conditioning
equipment, cables, and recording device shall be used in the
5.2 Instrumented impact testing is particularly effective in calibration. In most cases, a computer is used for data
MCVN testing since the resolution of a calibrated strain-gaged acquisition and the calibration shall be performed with the
striker does not necessarily decrease with the magnitude of the voltage read from the computer. The intent is to calibrate
measured force. through the electronics and cables which are used during actual
5.3 In addition to providing a measure of instrumented testing. Force is applied to the striker by using a suitable load
absorbed energy (Wt), instrumented testing enables the deter- frame with a load cell verified in accordance with Practices E4.
mination of characteristic force, partial instrumented absorbed 7.2.4.1 The static linearity and hysteresis error of the
energy, and displacement parameters. Depending on the mate- built-in, instrumented striker, including all parts of the mea-
rial and test temperature, these parameters can provide very surement system up to the recording apparatus (printer, plotter,
useful information (in addition to instrumented absorbed en- etc.), shall be within 62 % of the recorded force, between 50
ergy) on the fracture behavior of materials such as: the and 100 % of the nominal force range, and within 61 % of the
temperature which corresponds to the onset of the lower shelf; full scale force value between 10 and 50 % of the nominal
the temperature which corresponds to the onset of the upper force range (see Fig. 1).
shelf; partial instrumented absorbed energy up to the maximum 7.2.4.2 The instrumented striker system shall be calibrated
force (Wm); partial instrumented absorbed energy up to the to ensure accurate force readings are obtained over the nominal
force at brittle fracture initiation (Wbf); the partial instrumented force range which will be encountered in testing. The strain
absorbed energy after the maximun force (Wt–Wm); the general gaged system shall be designed to minimize its sensitivity to
yield force (Fgy); the force at brittle fracture initiation (Fbf); the non-symmetric loading.
arrest force (Fa). The instrumented data may also be used to
highlight test results which should be discarded on the basis of 5
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
misalignment or other critical test factors. this standard.

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 E2298 − 18

FIG. 1 Allowable Errors in Force Measurements

7.2.5 Calibration shall be performed if the instrumented 7.3.1 Displacement is normally determined by converting a
striker has undergone dismantling or repair, unless it can be strain gage voltage-time measurement to a force-time measure-
shown that removal of the striker from the test machine, and ment. The force-time relationship is proportional to the accel-
subsequent reattachment to the machine, does not affect the eration as a function of time. Given an assumed rigid striker of
calibration. Calibration shall also be performed under the mass m, the initial impact velocity v0, the time t following the
circumstances described below. beginning of the deformation at t0, and expressing the velocity
7.2.6 Requirements on Instrumented Absorbed Energy—For as a function of time by v(t), the specimen bending displace-
each test in which the entire force signal has been recorded ment s(t) is calculated by double numerical integration as
(that is, until the force returns to the baseline), the difference follows:
between absorbed energy given by the dial or optical encoder, t
or both, KV and the instrumented absorbed energy Wt shall be 1
within 15 % or 1 J, whichever is larger. If this requirement is v~t! 5 v0 2
m * F ~ t ! dt (1)
not met but the difference does not exceed 25 % or 2 J, t0
whichever is larger, force values shall be adjusted until KV = t
Wt within 0.01 J (3). If the difference exceeds 25 % or 2 J,
whichever is larger, the test shall be discarded and the user
s~t! 5 * v ~ t ! dt (2)
shall check and if necessary repeat the calibration of the t0
instrumented striker. If recording of the entire force signal is 7.3.2 The initial impact velocity needed to perform the
not possible (for example due to the specimen being ejected above integrations may be calculated from:
from the machine without being fully broken), the user shall
demonstrate conformance to the requirements above by testing v 0 5 =2gh0 (3)
at least five Charpy specimens of any equivalent material. where:
NOTE 1—Specimens with certified values of maximum force (Fm) can g = the local acceleration due to gravity, and
be tested to verify the accuracy of the force values measured by the h0 = the falling height of the striker.
instrumented striker. Dynamic impact force verification specimens are
available6 with certified Fm values of 24.06 kN and 33.00 kN. These 7.3.2.1 Alternatively, the velocity signal registered when the
values have been established at room temperature through an interlabo- pendulum passes through its lowest position and strikes the
ratory study (4) involving six international laboratories, see also 13.1.3. specimen can be optically measured directly to determine v0.
The same verification specimens can also be used for indirect verification 7.3.3 Displacement can also be determined by non-
of the impact machine in accordance with Test Methods E23.
contacting measurement of the displacement of the striker
7.3 Displacement Determination: relative to the anvil using optical, inductive, or capacitive
methods. The signal transfer characteristics of the displace-
ment measurement system must correspond to that of the force
6
The sole source of supply of the specimens known to the committee at this time measuring system in order to make the two recordings syn-
is NIST. If interested, email charpy@boulder.nist.gov. If you are aware of
alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International
chronous. The displacement measuring system shall be de-
Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the signed for nominal values of up to 30 mm. Linearity errors in
responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend. the measuring system shall yield measured values to within

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 E2298 − 18
+2 % in the range 1–30 mm. Measurements between zero and 10.3 Characteristic Values of Displacement—The forces
1 mm may not be sufficiently accurate to determine the defined in 10.2 have corresponding displacements which are
displacement. In such cases, it is recommended that the given the same subscripts as the forces. In addition, a displace-
displacement of the specimen be determined from time mea- ment corresponding to the end of the force-displacement curve,
surement and the striker impact velocity as indicated in Eq 1 st, is defined.
and 2. 10.3.1 The displacement at the onset of general yielding of
7.4 Recording Apparatus: the ligament is sgy.
7.4.1 The minimum data acquisition requirement is a 10-bit 10.3.2 The displacement at maximum force is sm.
analog-digital converter with a minimum sampling rate of 1000 10.3.3 The displacement at the initiation of unstable crack
data points per millisecond. However, 12-bit or more is propagation is sbf.
recommended. A minimum storage capacity of 8000 data 10.3.4 The displacement at the end (arrest) of unstable crack
points is required. propagation is sa (generally, sa is approximately equal to sbf
7.4.2 The instrumented absorbed energy shall be compared due to the steep drop in the force-displacement curve between
with the absorbed energy shown by the machine dial or optical Fbf and Fa).
encoder, or both. For requirements on the comparison between 10.3.5 The displacement at the end of the force-
KV and Wt, refer to 7.2.6. displacement curve is st. This point is defined as the displace-
ment at which the force has decreased to the pre-test baseline
8. Test Specimens value.
8.1 The CVN specimens shall be in accordance with Test 10.4 Characteristic Values of Partial Instumented Absorbed
Methods E23. The MCVN specimens shall be in accordance Energy:
with Test Method E2248. 10.4.1 Given the force definitions in 10.1, the force-
displacement curve may be partitioned and corresponding
9. Procedure
partial instrumented absorbed energies may be determined. The
9.1 Specimen Testing—The test is performed using the same values of the partial instrumented absorbed energies are given
procedure as the CVN or MCVN impact test according to Test the same subscript as the force at the end of the appropriate part
Methods E23 or E2248, respectively. In addition, the voltage- of the force-displacement curve.
time curve is measured and evaluated to give the force- 10.4.2 The area under the complete force-displacement
displacement curve. The force-displacement curve is evaluated curve up to st is the instrumented absorbed energy with the
with respect to the characteristic phases of the deformation and abbreviation Wt.
fracture stages. 10.4.3 The partial instrumented absorbed energy up to
9.2 Data Acquisition—The high speed acquisition system maximum force is Wm.
(the portion of the system which is capable of storing the 10.4.4 The partial instrumented absorbed energy up to the
dynamic response signal) shall be triggered such that baseline force at the initiation of unstable crack propagation is Wbf.
data before loading and after fracture (or release of the 10.4.5 The partial instrumented absorbed energy up to the
specimen from the anvils) is retained in computer memory. force at the arrest of unstable crack propagation is Wa (on
account of the steep drop in the force-displacement curve
10. Characteristics of the Force-Displacement Curve between Fbf and Fa, it is generally the case that Wbf is
10.1 Type of Force-Displacement Curve—Representative approximately equal to Wa).
force-displacement curves and their characteristic force values
11. Evaluation of the Force-Displacement Curve
are illustrated in Fig. 2.
11.1 The force-displacement curve is determined by double
10.2 Characteristic Values of Force:
numerical integration of the force-time curve.
10.2.1 The general yield force Fgy is the force at the
transition point from the initial linear elastic part, discarding 11.2 Representative force-displacement curves of various
the inertia peaks (normally one, unless the specimen was not types are given in Fig. 2. These can be grouped as the
fully in contact with the anvils), to the curved increasing part following types:
of the force-displacement curve. It serves, to a first Type A Lower shelf (brittle fracture)
approximation, as an indication of yielding across the entire Type B Ductile-to-Brittle Transition Region (mixed mode
fracture)
ligament. Type C Upper shelf (ductile fracture)
10.2.2 The maximum force Fm corresponds to the maximum
NOTE 2—The type of force-displacement curve may be determined by
value of the curve fitted through the oscillations of the comparison with the examples shown in Fig. 2.
force-displacement curve following the onset of yield of the
entire ligament. 11.2.1 With force-displacement curves of type A, typically
10.2.3 The force at the initiation of unstable crack propaga- only unstable (brittle) crack propagation occurs. For type B,
tion Fbf is the force at the beginning of the steep drop in the various amounts of stable and unstable crack propagation can
force-displacement curve. It characterizes the beginning of occur. For type C, only stable (ductile) crack propagation
unstable crack propagation. occurs.
10.2.4 The force at the end (arrest) of unstable crack 11.3 A condition for further evaluation of the force-
propagation is Fa. displacement curve is the occurrence of a well defined general

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 E2298 − 18

FIG. 2 Characteristic Force-Displacement Curves and Definitions of Characteristic Forces

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 E2298 − 18
yield force Fgy. It should be noted that force oscillations are values allows an approximate value of the proportion of ductile
observed on the pre-maximum force test record which arise fracture surface (SFA) to be calculated. Several researchers
from force interaction between the striker and the specimen. have reported good correlation for pressure vessel materials
These oscillations are usually damped out by plasticity before using one or more of the equations given below (1, 5):
maximum force.
11.4 Determination of the Characteristic Values of Force:
SFA 5 1 2F F bf 2 F a
Fm G
3 100 (4)

11.4.1 The force Fgy is defined as the force at the intersec-

tion of the linear elastic part of the force-displacement curve, SFA 5 1 2F F bf 2 F a
F m 1 ~ F m 2 F gy! G
3 100 (5)
discarding inertia peak(s), and the fitted curve through the
oscillations of the force-displacement curve following the
onset of general yielding of the uncracked ligament.
F
SFA 5 1 2
F bf 2 F a
F m 1k ~ F m 2 F gy!G3 100 with k'0.5 (6)

11.4.2 The force Fm is determined as the maximum value of F gy

the fitted data in the region of maximum force, after the
occurrence of general yield. In cases where fracture occurs SFA 5 3 !
1 2
Fm
3
12
3 SΠF bf
Fm
2 ΠD4
Fa
Fm
3 100 (7)
early in the force-displacement curve prior to general yield
11.7.1 These equations do not all characterize steel behavior
force (Type A), the maximum force is defined as the force at
well and comparisons should be made with physical measure-
which the rapid force drop begins.
ments. The acceptable methods for physical measurement of
11.4.3 The force Fbf is determined as the force at the
shear fracture appearance are given in Test Methods E23.
intersection of the fitted curve through the oscillations and the
Errors of the order of 20 % have been observed for some
steeply dropping part of the force-displacement curve. If the
materials.
steep drop coincides with the maximum recorded force, then
Fbf = Fm (force-displacement curve of type A). 12. Report
11.4.4 The force Fa is determined as the force at the
intersection of the steep drop of the force-displacement curve 12.1 The minimum reporting requirements given in Test
and the fitted curve through the oscillations of the subsequent Methods E23 or E2248 shall be satisfied.
part of the force-displacement curve (force-displacement 12.2 Test equipment characteristics, including: response
curves of type B). If the unstable crack is not arrested, Fa = 0. frequency of the system; number of data points acquired;
11.5 Determination of the Characteristic Values of Dis- number of data points acquired per millisecond; and any
placement: adjustments made to the instrumented absorbed energy to
achieve agreement with the dial or encoder, or both absorbed
11.5.1 The characteristic values of displacement are the
energy.
abscissa values of the characteristic values of force determined
in accordance with 11.4. 12.3 Absorbed energy, as recorded by the machine dial or
11.5.2 The displacement st is determined by comparing the encoder, or both.
force to the original baseline signal and defining the end of the 12.4 Type of force-displacement curve (A, B or C) and
test as the displacement which corresponds to the force illustration of the force-displacement curve.
returning within the scatter of the pre-test baseline signal.
12.5 Characteristic values of force, displacement and partial
11.6 Determination of the Characteristic Values of Partial instrumented absorbed energy.
Instrumented Absorbed Energy—The characteristic values of
partial instrumented absorbed energy are determined by nu- 13. Precision and Bias
merical integration of the appropriate parts of the force- 13.1 Precision—Instrumented impact data from five inter-
displacement curve. laboratory studies have been analyzed in accordance with
11.7 Determination of the Shear Fracture Appearance— Practice E691 in order to establish the precision of this Test
Test Methods E23 provides a description of several methods Method. The terms repeatability limit and reproducibility limit
for measuring the shear fracture appearance. While these are used as specified in Practice E177.
measurements can be made for many steels, there are cases 13.1.1 CVN Specimens—Results from three interlaboratory
where this measurement is difficult because the brittle and studies are used to establish the precision of this Test Method
ductile fracture areas are hard to resolve optically. An alterna- for CVN specimens.
tive approach is to use the instrumented impact data to 13.1.2 An interlaboratory study (6) of characteristic instru-
calculate the shear fracture appearance. If, in the course of the mented impact forces, displacements and instrumented ab-
force-displacement curve, there is no steep drop of force sorbed energies was conducted using Charpy V-notch speci-
occurring (curves of type C in Fig. 2), this may indicate that the mens (see Test Methods E23) of A533B C1.1 (tested at room
ductile proportion of the fracture surface amounts to 100 % of temperature and 150 °C) and two reference materials produced
the total fracture surface. If a steep drop of force occurs, the by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder
amount of the drop in relation to other characteristic force CO (low energy and high energy). The ILS was conducted in

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 E2298 − 18
accordance with Practice E691 in eight laboratories, each one V-notch specimens with square cross section (4.83 × 4.83
obtaining from five to six test results for each test parameter mm2) of A533B C1.1 (tested at room temperature and 150 °C)
(Table 2). See ASTM Research Report No. E28–1040.7 and of two reference materials produced by the National
13.1.3 Another interlaboratory study (2) of characteristic Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder CO (low
instrumented impact forces and instrumented absorbed ener- energy and high energy). The ILS was conducted in accordance
gies was conducted using Charpy V-notch specimens (see Test with Practice E691 in six laboratories, each one obtaining up to
Methods E23) of two reference materials produced by the six test results for each test parameter (Table 5). See ASTM
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder CO Research Report No. E28–1038.10
(low energy and high energy). The ILS was conducted in 13.1.7 Another interlaboratory study (8, 9) of characteristic
accordance with Practice E691 in six laboratories with eight instrumented impact forces, displacements and instrumented
different test machines providing ten test results for each test absorbed energies was conducted using miniaturized Charpy
parameter (Table 3). See ASTM Research Report No. V-notch specimens with rectangular cross section (3 × 4 mm2)
E28–1035.8 of A533B Cl.1. The ILS was conducted in accordance with
13.1.4 A third interlaboratory study (7) of characteristic Practice E691 in thirteen laboratories with fourteen test
instrumented impact forces and instrumented absorbed ener- machines, each one obtaining up to five test results for each test
gies was conducted using Charpy V-notch specimens (see Test parameter (Table 6). See ASTM Research Report No.
Methods E23) of one reference material produced by the E28–1037.11
Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Geel 13.2 Bias—This Test Method has no bias because charac-
Belgium (ERM high energy). The ILS was conducted in teristic instrumented impact forces, displacements and instru-
accordance with Practice E691 in nine laboratories, each mented absorbed energies are defined only in terms of this Test
providing two test results for each test parameter (Table 4). See Method. Furthermore, since there is no accepted reference
ASTM Research Report No. E28–1036.9 material, method, or laboratory suitable for determining the
13.1.5 MCVN Specimens—Results from two interlaboratory bias for the procedure in this Test Method, no statement on bias
studies are used to establish the precision of this Test Method is being made.
for MCVN specimens.
13.1.6 An interlaboratory study (6) of characteristic instru- 14. Keywords
mented impact forces, displacements and instrumented ab- 14.1 impact test; instrumented impact testing; miniaturized
sorbed energies was conducted using miniaturized Charpy Charpy test; notched specimens; pendulum machine; shear
fracture appearance
7
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:E28-1040.
8 10
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:E28-1035. be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:E28-1038.
9 11
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:E28-1036. be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:E28-1037.

TABLE 2 Results from ILS on CVN specimens (6)

Repeatability Reproducibility
Repeatability Reproducibility
Parameter Material Average Standard Standard
Limit Limit
Deviation Deviation
Fgy, kN A553B (RT) 13.03 0.82 1.39 2.29 3.88
A533B (150 °C) 11.10 0.44 1.08 1.22 3.01
4340 (low en) 33.48 1.00 2.90 2.81 8.13
4340 (high en) 19.95 0.67 1.87 1.89 5.25
Fm, kN A553B (RT) 18.71 0.35 0.75 0.98 2.11
A533B (150 °C) 16.88 0.34 0.69 0.94 1.94
4340 (low en) 34.22 0.70 1.70 1.95 4.77
4340 (high en) 24.80 0.23 0.61 0.64 1.71
Fbf, kN A553B (RT) 17.83 0.78 1.14 2.18 3.18
4340 (low en) 33.09 1.40 2.75 3.91 7.70
Fa, kN A553B (RT) 7.37 1.43 2.88 4.01 8.07
4340 (low en) 1.08 0.88 1.99 2.47 5.56
sm, mm A553B (RT) 3.03 0.21 0.33 0.58 0.92
A533B (150 °C) 3.45 0.23 0.29 0.66 0.82
4340 (low en) 0.88 0.03 0.07 0.09 0.20
4340 (high en) 1.78 0.12 0.31 0.34 0.88
Wt, J A553B (RT) 77.61 18.12 18.12 50.73 50.73
A533B (150 °C) 130.75 5.67 5.79 15.87 16.22
4340 (low en) 23.91 1.84 2.63 5.16 7.36
4340 (high en) 119.01 6.37 7.10 17.84 19.89

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 E2298 − 18
TABLE 3 Results from ILS on CVN specimens (2)
Repeatability Reproducibility
Energy Repeatability Reproducibility
Parameter Average Standard Standard
Level Limit Limit
Deviation Deviation
Fgy, kN Low 29.85 0.68 4.19 1.89 11.73
High 19.42 0.40 1.09 1.12 3.06
Fm, kN Low 31.90 0.65 3.85 1.82 10.79
High 23.50 0.16 1.96 0.44 5.49
Wt, J Low 18.63 0.63 1.23 1.76 3.45
High 108.39 2.55 4.13 7.13 11.55

TABLE 4 Results from ILS on CVN specimens (7)

Repeatability Reproducibility
Repeatability Reproducibility
Parameter Average Standard Standard
Limit Limit
Deviation Deviation
Fgy, kN 18.42 0.38 1.24 1.06 3.46
Fm, kN 23.97 0.07 1.85 0.20 5.19
Wt, J 146.69 3.73 11.34 10.43 31.74

TABLE 5 Results from ILS on MCVN specimens (6)

Repeatability Reproducibility
Repeatability Reproducibility
Parameter Material Average Standard Standard
Limit Limit
Deviation Deviation
Fgy, kN A553B (RT) 2.78 0.19 0.37 0.53 1.04
A533B (150 °C) 2.56 0.13 0.17 0.35 0.47
4340 (low en) 4.58 0.11 0.63 0.30 1.77
4340 (high en) 3.62 0.16 0.53 0.45 1.49
Fm, kN A553B (RT) 3.76 0.06 0.26 0.17 0.72
A533B (150 °C) 3.25 0.06 0.37 0.17 1.03
4340 (low en) 4.89 0.10 0.43 0.29 1.19
4340 (high en) 4.64 0.08 0.61 0.23 1.72
sm, mm A553B (RT) 1.14 0.06 0.11 0.16 0.30
A533B (150 °C) 1.34 0.06 0.12 0.17 0.34
4340 (low en) 0.76 0.05 0.07 0.15 0.18
4340 (high en) 0.76 0.04 0.05 0.12 0.15
Wt, J A553B (RT) 11.01 0.47 0.76 1.31 2.14
A533B (150 °C) 10.97 0.41 0.57 1.16 1.60
4340 (low en) 10.75 0.36 0.91 1.02 2.54
4340 (high en) 10.81 0.25 0.82 0.70 2.31

TABLE 6 Results from ILS on MCVN specimens (8, 9)

Repeatability Reproducibility
Repeatability Reproducibility
Parameter Average Standard Standard
Limit Limit
Deviation Deviation
Fgy, kN 0.98 0.03 0.04 0.08 0.11
Fm, kN 1.31 0.02 0.05 0.06 0.13
sgy, mm 0.18 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.12
sm, mm 1.91 0.10 0.14 0.29 0.40
st, mm 11.79 0.23 1.36 0.65 3.79
Wm, J 2.21 0.16 0.22 0.46 0.61
Wt, J 8.35 0.42 0.71 1.18 1.99
KV, J 8.22 0.43 0.71 1.19 1.98

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 E2298 − 18
REFERENCES

(1) Nanstad, R. K., and Sokolov, M. A., “Charpy Impact Test Results on Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, IP32 6BW UK, 1996.
Five Materials and NIST Verification Specimens Using Instrumented (6) Manahan, M. P., Sr., Martin F. J., and Stonesifer, R. B., “Results of the
2-mm and 8-mm Strikers,” Pendulum Impact Machines; Procedures ASTM Instrumented/Miniaturized Round Robin Test Program,” Pen-
and Specimens for Verification, ASTM STP 1248, T. A. Siewert, and dulum Impact Testing: A Century of Progress, ASTM STP 1380, T. A.
A. K. Schmieder, eds., ASTM, 1995, pp. 111-139. Siewert and M. P. Manahan, Sr., Eds., American Society for Testing
(2) McCowan, C. N., Splett, J. D., and Lucon, E., “Dynamic Force and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, 1999.
Measurement: Instrumented Charpy Impact Testing,” NISTIR 6652, (7) International Atomic Energy Agency, Final Report of Coordinated
January 2008 . Research Project 8 (CRP-8), “Master Curve Approach to Monitor
(3) Lucon, E., Chaouadi, R., and van Walle, E., “Different Approaches for
Fracture Toughness of Reactor Pressure Vessels in Nuclear Power
the Verification of Force Values Measured with Instrumented Charpy
Plants,” in preparation.
Strikers,” Pendulum Impact Machines: Procedures and Specimens,
ASTM STP 1476, T. A. Siewert, M. P. Manahan, Sr., and C. N. (8) Lucon, E., “Round-Robin on Instrumented Impact Testing of Sub Size
McCowan, eds., ASTM, 2006, pp. 95-103. Charpy-V Specimens: Results of Phase 1,” ESIS TC5, Final Report,
(4) McCowan, C. N., Santoyo, R. L., and Splett, J. D., “Certification 2 April 1998 .
Report for SRMs 2112 and 2113,” NIST Special Publication 260-172, (9) Lucon, E., “European Activity on Instrumented Impact Testing of
July 2009. Subsize Charpy V-Notch Specimens (ESIS TC5),” Pendulum Impact
(5) van Walle, E., “Evaluating Material Properties by Dynamic Testing,” Testing: A Century of Progress, ASTM STP 1380, T. A. Siewert, and
ESIS Publication 20, 1996 (European Structural Integrity Society), M. P. Manahan, Sr., Eds., American Society for Testing and Materials,
Mechanical Engineering Publications Limited, Northgate Avenue, West Conshohocken, PA, 1999, pp. 242-252.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee E28 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (E2298–15)
that may impact the use of this standard.

(1) 3.1 was revised to define absorbed energy, instrumented (5) 4.2, 5.3, 10.4, 10.4.1 to 10.4.5, 11.6, and 12.5 were revised
absorbed energy, and partial instrumented absorbed energy and to use partial instrumented absorbed energy.
add a shear fracture appearance definition. (6) 5.2 was revised to force.
(2) 1.1, 5.1 and 12.3 were revised to use absorbed energy. (7) Note 1 was revised to delete absorbed energy.
(3) 4.1, 5.3, 7.2.2, 7.2.6, 12.2, 13.1.2, 13.1.3, 13.1.4, 13.1.7, (8) 11.7, 11.7.1 and Section 14 were revised to use shear
and 13.2 were revised to use instrumented absorbed energy. fracture appearance, SFA.
(4) 7.4.2 was simplified and to use instrumented absorbed
energy.

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