Standard Method of Test for Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete Construction 1. SCOPE 1.1L This standard covers the following ‘methods of test of physical properties of several types of preformed joint fillers: 1.1. Water absorption 1.1.2 Brittleness 1.13. Distortion 1.1.4 Expansion in boiling water 1.1.5 Compression Extrusion Recovery Boiling in hydrochloric acid Weathering Density Asphalt content 2 Solubility in carbon disulfide 1.2. Not all ofthese test methods are applicable to all types of joint fillers. Only ‘those methods are to be used that are directly associated withthe applicable specifications for the specific types of joint filler being tested. 117 118 119 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2A AASHTO Standards: T44 Solubility of Bituminous Materials in Organic Solvents Quantitative Extraction of Bitumen from Bitumi- sous Paving Mixtures Weighing Devices Used in the Testing of Materials Tit M231 3. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE. 3.1. ‘The physical properties measured by these test methods are considered to be indicative of the performance and durabil- ity of the various types of preformed joint fillers and suitable for determining the compliance of such materials with their applicable specifications 4, SAMPLING 4.1 Obtain and package for shipment «representative sample, approximately two square feet in size, per 1,000 lineal feet, or fraction thereof, of joint material ‘of each nominal thickness in each lot or shipment. Wrap samples of selfexpanding cork types of filler in waterproof paper to prevent absorption of moisture. 5. APPARATUS 5.1 Specimen Holding Assemblies — For the compression, recovery and extru> sion tests, the test apparatus shall be as described in Sections 8.2 and 9.2. 5.2 Balances—The balances used shall conform to the requirements of M 231, Class G2. 5.3 Testing Machine—The testing ‘machine used shall be capable of applying required loads ata controled rate and without shock, and shall indicate applied loads at an accuracy of + 1.0 percent. The ‘upper bearing shall be a spherically-seated hardened steel block attached atthe center of the upper head of the testing machine. ‘The center of the sphere shall li atthe center of the surface ofthe block in con- tact with the load transfer device of the specimen holding assembly: The block shall be held in the spherical seat but shall be free to tlt in all directions. 6. PREPARATION OF TEST ‘SPECIMENS 6.1 Unless otherwise stated, perform all tests a a temperature of 24 * 4 C75 AASHTO DESIGNATION: T 42-84 (1990) ‘+ 7 F) on test specimens that have been conditioned for a minimum of 24 hat $0 + 10 percent relative humidity and at a temperature of 24 = 4 C15 # 7 P) 6.2 For joint filers of bituminous ‘mastic, cork, sponge rubber and bitumi- nous cork oF fiber, cut the required num- ber of test specimens from each sample, 102 by 102 mm (4 by 4 in). Each speci- ‘men shall be freshly and squarely cut using a metal plate as a cuting template. ‘The metal template shall be machined from a 6.4 mm (in. plate to fit the extrusion mold described in Section 9.2 within 0.13 mm (0.005 in.) in both Jength and width. 6.3 For self-expanding cork type joint filler material, subsequent o boiling in water as described in Section 7.1, air-dry the test specimens for 24h and then cut to size as described in Section 6.2. 6.4 Determine the thickness of each test specimen to the nearest 0.03 mm (0.001 in), 7, EXPANSION IN BOILING WATER 7.1 For self-expanding cork type joint fillers only, cut the required number of test specimens 114 by 114 3 mm (4% by 4% © 0.1 in,) from each sample, Deter- ‘mine the thickness of each specimen to the ‘nearest 0,03 mm (0.001 in.) Immerse the specimens in boiling water for Ih; remove and allow to cool at room temperature for 15 min, Then measure the final thickness of each specimen to the nearest 0.03 mm (0.001 in.) and compute percent expansion as follows Percent expansion = (¢t) x 100 where: t = specimen thickness before test specimen thickness after test 4546. METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING 8. RECOVERY AND COMPRESSION 8.1. est Specimens—Use one ofthe test specimens prepared as described in Section 6.2 (or 6.3 in the case of self- expanding cork type fillers). However, if the cork joint filler fails to meet the speci- fied requirements, make check tests on specimens that have been immersed in water for 24 h and then airdried for 24h. ‘Acceptance shall be based onthe results ofthese check tests 8.2 Mounting—Place the test speci- ‘men on a flat metal plate, and center a 114 by 114 by 13 mm (4% by 4¥ by % in.) ‘metal plate, ground to have plane parallel faces, on the top surface ofthe specimen. Use a simple U-shaped bridge to support a dial gage or ther suitable measuring device reading o 0.03 min (0.001 in.) above the center of the specimen. Place a hollow metal load transfer cylinder or other device with slots for inserting the U-shaped bridge and an opening for read- ing the measuring device, between the spherically-mounted upper head ofthe testing machine and the plate covering the specimen. Center accurately both the hol- low metal cylinder or other device and the spherical bearing block in order thatthe load will be applied uniformly tothe test specimen, 8.3 Measurement of Thickness—When the specimen has been mounted as described in Section 8.2 and is subjected only tothe pressure ofthe dead weight of the 114 by 114 by 13 mm (4% by 4¥4 by “4 in.) metal plate, determine its thickness bby means of the measuring device. When the load transferring apparatus is placed (on the test specimen, some compression ‘may result. Consier this reduction in thickness as part ofthe 50 percent redue- tion in thickness to be applied as reqbired in Section 8.4 8.4 Recovery—For the determination ofthe percentage of recovery, give the specimen a single application of a load sufficient to compress it to 50 percent of its thickness before test. Apply the load ‘without shock and at such arate that the specimen will be compressed approxi mately 1.3 mm (0.05 in.)/min. Record this applied load. Immediately release the Joad and remove the load-transferring apparatus. Permit the specimen to recover for 10 min and then measure its thickness. Calculate the percentage of recovery as follows: Recovery, percent = (t't) x 100 ‘where { = thickness of the specimen before test, and (= thickness ofthe specimen 10 min after release of the lead, In case the specimen fails to comply with requirements of the specification, test a specimen in accordance with the following procedure. Give the test specimen three applications of a load sufficient to com- press it to 50 percent of its thickness before test. Apply the load without shock and at such arate that the specimen will bbe compressed approximately 1.3 mm (0.05 in)/min. After the first and second applications release the load immediately, ‘and permit the specimen to recover 30 ‘min before the load is again applied. After the third application, release the load ‘immediately and permit the specimen to recover Ih; then measure the thickness again, Remove the load-transferring appa- ratus from the test specimen during recov- ery periods between compressions and fol- loving the third application of load. Calculate the percentage of recovery as, allows: Recovery, percent = (tt) x 100 where t= thickness of the specimen before test, and thickness at Ih after release ofthe third applica ton of load. 8.5 Compression—Divide the total ‘maximum load in pounds required for the first application, as specified in Section 8.4, by 16 and record as the unit pressure in pounds per square inch 9. EXTRUSION 9A Test Specimen—Use one of the test specimens prepared as described in Section 6.2 (or 6.3 in the case of self- ‘expanding cork type fillers). However, if the cork filler fails to meet the require ments of the specifications, make check tests on specimens that have been immersed in water for 24 h and subse- ‘quently air-dried for 24 h, Acceptance shall be based on the results of these check tests, 9.2 Mounting —Place the test speci- T42 sen in suitable tel mold so con- structed as tallow the lateral movement of he specimen under compression to one side onl. Interior dimensions ofthe mold shall be 102 by 102 mm (4 by 4 in.) with permissible variations in length and in tide of 0.38 (0,015 in). Mold sides ‘hall eof such height sto extend atleast, 15 mm (Vs in.) above the test specimen, ‘Cover the specimen with a 13 mm (¥ in.) meal plate ground to have plane parallel faces, Machine the metal pate fo fit song but without binding within the thre retraining sides ofthe tel mol ‘Use a simple U-shaped bridge to support, above the cater ofthe specimen, a dal or cher suitable measuring device reading to 0.03 mm (0.001 in.). Place upon the plate metal eylinder or other deve for tans- fering the loud from the upper spher cally mounted bea ofthe esting machine sound the measuring sparaos tthe Plate, covering the specimen, 9.3. Measurement of Thcknes—When the specimen has been mounted ss described in Section 9.2 and is subjected onl tothe pressure ofthe dead weight by the 102 by 102 by 13 mm (4 by 4 by in) metal plate, determine its thickness by means of the measuring device. When the oad-ransferrng apparatus i placed onthe test specimen, some compression nay esa, Consider this reduction in thickness as part ofthe 50 percent reduc- tion in thickness tobe applied as required in Section 9.4 94 Exrason-—Fox the determination of the amount of extrusion, give the spec ‘men one application ofa load sufficient to compres itt 50 percent of its thickness before test. Apply the lod without shock at such arate that the specimen will be Compressed approximately 13 mm {0.05 inymin, Determine the amount of extrusion in inches by measuring the max imum movernent ofthe free edge ofthe test specimen during the 5 percent com- pression ofthe specimen, Measure the rtrusion by means ofa dial or other suit fle device reading 00.03 mm (6.001 in). 10. BOILING IN HYDROCHLORIC ACID 10.1. For cork and self-expanding cork joint Fillers only, use one of the test speci- ‘mens prepared as described in Section 6.2Ta (or 6.3 in case of the self-expanding cork fillers), Immerse the specimen in hydro- chloric acid (HCL, sp. gr 1.19) and boil for 1 h. Examine the test specimen for evi- dence of disintegration, 11. ASPHALT CONTENT ALA Sample Preparation—From test specimens prepared as described in Sec- tion 6.2, obtain a representative test sam- ple of approximately 100 to 150 g. Break the sample into fragments having a maxi- ‘mum dimension of approximately 25 mm (1 in), dry to constant weight in an oven at 104’ 2.C(220 + 5 F) and weigh to nearest 0.1 g 11.2. Extraction of Bitumen—Place the prepared and weighed test sample in a bituminous extractor device as specified in T 164 or other extractor device known to produce accurate results. Using a chlorin- ated solvent such as trichloroethylene, ‘extract the asphalt from the test sample until the effluent is essentially clear. Dry the asphalt-free residue to constant weight in an oven at 104 * 2 C (220 + 5 F) and weigh to nearest 0.1 g. Calculate the per- centage of asphalt, by weight, as follows: Asphalt, percent by weight Initial oven dry weight of the test sample (Oven dry weight of the residue. 12. WATER ABSORPTION 12.1 Use a 102 by 102 mm (4 by 4 in, test specimen prepared as described in Section 6.2. Dry the specimen in air for 24/h, weigh to nearest 0.1 g and immerse in water a a temperature of 21 + 3. C(70 + 5 F), in a horizontal position with 25 mm (I in.) of water over the specimen {for 24 h. Remove the specimen from the water and remove excess water from all surfaces with a blotting paper towel Quickly weigh the specimen to the nearest 0.1 g and calculate the percentage of water absorption as follows: ‘Absorption, percent by weight when: {= thickness of the specimen, before soaking, in inches W = weight ofthe airdried specimen in grams w! = weight of the soaked specimen in grams. 13. DENSITY 13.1 _Use atest specimen prepared as described in Section 6.2. Dry the speci- ‘men to constant weight in an oven at 104 + 2C (220 + 5 F)and weigh 100.1 g Determine the dimensions of each speci- ren tothe nearest 0.3 mm (0.01 in.) and caloulate the density in kilograms per cubic meter (Ibsife) 14. ACCELERATED WEATHERING TEST 14.1 Expose two specimens, prepared as described in Section 6.2 (or 6.3 in case of self-expanding cork type filles), to a temperature of 74 C (165 F) for a period of 7 days. Upon completion of this acceler- ated aging test, immerse the specimens in water at room temperature for 24h. 14,2 Place the specimens on edge in a suitable container and pour water into the container to a depth of 50 mm (2 in.) (one-talf the height of the specimens). It will be necessary to puta weight or simple frame across the exposed edges of the specimens during this test in order to ‘maintain the positions ofthe specimens in the water. Place the pan containing the specimens partially immersed in water in a freezing chamber for a period long ‘enough to freeze the water into solid ice. Maintain the temperature ofthe freezing ‘chamber between — 10 and =20 C (+14 and —4 F). Upon completion of the freez~ ing cycle, remove the pan containing the specimens from the freezing chamber and partially immerse in water at a tempera- ture maintained between 18 and 38 C (65 and 100 F). The first cycle is completed ‘when the ice surrounding the specimens thas melted entirely. Repeat this cycle ten times. 14.3 The length of time required for METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING 41 freezing and thawing will Be governed by the temperature of the freezing chamber and the volume of water around the speci- 14.4 After ten freezing-and-thawing cycles have been completed, remove the specimens from the water and allow them {o stand in air at room temperature for 48 h. Examine the test specimens for evi- dence of disintegration 15. BRITTLENESS 15.1 Cuta test specimen 50 by 150 mm (2 by 6 in.) from the joint mate- rial parallel tothe direction of the fibers in the mastic. Condition the test specimen in a water bath ata temperature of 4 to 7 C (40 t0 45 F) for at least 2 h prior to test- ing. Clamp the test specimen between to ‘boards so that it cantilevers 90 mm (GY in, and is held in a suitable support. Suspend a cast-iron ball weighing (0.431 kg (0.95 Ibs) and having a diameter ‘of 48 mm (1% in.) by a cord tied to an ‘eyelet fastened tothe ball. For samples having a thickness of 14 mm (% in.) or less, suspend the ball 305 mm (1 ft) above the center ofthe cantilevered position of the specimen. For samples over 14 mm. (fe in.) in thickness, suspend the ball 610 mm @ fi) above the specimen. Release the ball by burning the string above the eyelet. Inspect the specimen for evidence of breaking or shattering 16. DISTORTION 16.1 Cuta flat and straight test speci- men 50 by 150 mm (2 by 6 in.) from the joint material parallel to the direction of the fibers in the mastic. Clamp the speci ‘men between two blocks so thatthe speci men cantilevers 90 mm (344 in). Place the specimen in its clamp assembly in an ‘oven maintained at $2 C (125 F) for 2h. Record the amount of deflection of the cantilevered portion from horizontal. 17. SOLUBILITY IN CARBON DISULPHIDE 17.1. Carefully remove the encasement felt or glass-fiber belt layers. Test the mas- tic material for solubility in carbon disulphide using test methods defined in Tad,