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Beirut Solar Map: ./Figs/Cockrellschool

This document summarizes work done to map solar irradiation potential in Beirut, Lebanon. It finds that rooftop solar photovoltaics could generate 118 GW of electricity per year and save between $9.8M to $39.3M, offsetting 75,920 to 322,660 tons of CO2 emissions. Ongoing work includes drafting a policy paper and modeling Beirut's hourly energy consumption to better integrate solar power.

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Baraa Al Sayed
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57 views27 pages

Beirut Solar Map: ./Figs/Cockrellschool

This document summarizes work done to map solar irradiation potential in Beirut, Lebanon. It finds that rooftop solar photovoltaics could generate 118 GW of electricity per year and save between $9.8M to $39.3M, offsetting 75,920 to 322,660 tons of CO2 emissions. Ongoing work includes drafting a policy paper and modeling Beirut's hourly energy consumption to better integrate solar power.

Uploaded by

Baraa Al Sayed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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/figs/CockrellSchool

Beirut Solar Map

Sara Najem
National Center for Remote Sensing- CNRS

February 17, 2017


Outline ./figs/CockrellSchool

Energy Demand/Supply in Lebanon

Introduction

Solar Radiation

Algorithm

City Scale Computation of Solar Irradiance

Model Parameters and Assumptions

Results

Ongoing Work
Energy Demand/Supply
./figs/CockrellSchool in Lebanon

I ≈ 95% of the energy needs are imported in the form of


fuel.

I National production ≈ 5% .

I Yearly growth in energy demand ≈ 3 − 7% .

salem2009.
salem2009.
chedid2002.
Demand/Supply
./figs/CockrellSchool

Electricty Demand and Supply (Million TWh)


15
10
5

Supply Volume
Demand Volume
0

2008 2010 2012 2014


Year

Figure : Evolution of the production and supply from 2008 to 2014


Demand/Supply
./figs/CockrellSchool

I The cost of electricity generation is around 23 cents/kWh

I Subscribers are charged 2.33 to 13.33 cents/kWh.


Energy Crisis ./figs/CockrellSchool

With 3 hours of electricity rationing in Beirut and up to 8


elsewhere in the country we’re particularly interested in
estimating the solar energy.
Energy Crisis ./figs/CockrellSchool

Lebanon’s target for 2020: 12 percent of the energy produced


from renewables (Copenhagen 2009).

Lebanon also committed to a target of 15% in its Intended


Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) submitted to the
COP21 conference.
Solar Maps ./figs/CockrellSchool

I Solar maps are produced in major cities in the United


States: Boston, Boulder, Cambridge, NY, San Francisco,
Washington County, Wellfleet

I Internationally: Lo Barnechea (Chile), Vitacura (Chile)


Solar Maps ./figs/CockrellSchool

I Regionally, Beirut is the first city to be mapped. It is DSS


application designed for National Center ofo Remote
Sensing- CNRS as part of Local-Sats.
Solar Radiation./figs/CockrellSchool

I Direct radiation.

I Diffuse radiation.

I Reflected radiation.
Solar Radiation./figs/CockrellSchool
Basic Definitions
./figs/CockrellSchool

I Irradiance is understood as instantaneous density of solar


radiation incident on a given surface, typically expressed in
W /m2 .

I Irradiation is the sum of irradiance over a time period (e.g.


1 hour, day, month, year, etc.) expressed in J/m2 .
Irradiation ./figs/CockrellSchool

Irradiation is then affected by the sun’s position and cloud


coverage and both of which are related to the location’s
latitude.
Sun Path ./figs/CockrellSchool

The sun path changes on hourly and monthly scales; this has
an effect on the amount of irradiation a surface gets.
Illustrative Animation of the Solar Path
./figs/CockrellSchool
City solar irradiation
./figs/CockrellSchool

For a city things become more complex as overshadowing of


rooftops from neighboring buildings comes to play.
./figs/CockrellSchool
Model Parameters and Assumptions
./figs/CockrellSchool

I Flat roof-tops (LIDAR imagery or any 3D data would


improve the model’s predictions)

I With water tanks mounted on rooftops only a fraction of


the rooftops is usable ≈ 30%
Model Parameters and Assumptions
./figs/CockrellSchool

I The fraction of diffuse radiation is taken to be 0.3


throughout the year.

I Panel efficiency is 10%

sfeir80.
./figs/CockrellSchool
Comparison with Climatic Zoning
./figs/CockrellSchool

I The climatic zoning Average Daily Global Horizontal


Irradiation (ADGHI) 4854.6Wh/m2

I (ADGHI) is ≈ 2000Wh/m2

I Our computation is carried out in an urban setting taking


into consideration overshadowing form neighboring
buildings; this explains the discrepancy
Results ./figs/CockrellSchool

I Generation Potential 394 GW/year assuming the whole


rooftop area is usable

I 30% usable rooftop yields 118 GW/year.


Results ./figs/CockrellSchool

I Subsequently the savings could range from around $9.8 M


to nearly $39.3 M

I CO2 emissions saving could range from 75,920 tCO2 to


322,660 tCO2
Ongoing Work ./figs/CockrellSchool

I The results are now being drafted as a policy paper in


collaboration with the Director of the Energy Policy
Program at Issam Fares Institute Dr. Ali Ahmad
Ongoing Work ./figs/CockrellSchool

I We are carrying out a study to model Beirut Energy hourly


consumption

I Alaa Krayem is our PhD student; she is co-supervised by


Dr. Haitham Zaraket of LU and Dr. Issam Lakkis of AUB.
Ongoing Work ./figs/CockrellSchool

Figure : Boston’s Energy Model


Thank you! ./figs/CockrellSchool

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