COMMUNICATION SKILLS

COMMUNICATION
exchanging information or feelings between two or more people.

INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

communication that have with yourself.

self- talk

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Takes place within dyads (groups of two persons) and in small groups.

PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
Communication between a person and several other people

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
NON VERBAL
Actions or behaviors that communicate a message without speaking
Facial expressions, body language, posture, hand gestures, use of space and territory

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
VERBAL
transmission of a message using spoken language

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
THERAPEUTIC
Communication that pertains to treatment and healing Important elements contributing to the establishment of the therapeutic relationship:

Empathy Attending Observing Listening

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
NON-THERAPEUTIC
Communication that is a barrier to free

ACTIVE LISTENING
Attentiveness to the client in a physical and psychological manner

ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION:
E-MAIL: most common form of electronic communication. ADVANTAGES: Fast, efficient Provides record of the date and time of the message that was sent or received. Provide information about the person. DISADVANTAGES: Socio-economic No Computer Skills LImited abilities to read and speak in English.

ELEMENTS COMMUNICATION

SENDER MESSAGE RECEIVER RESPONSE

SENDER
A person or group who wishes to convey a message to another Source-encoder

ENCODING: selection of specific signs or symbols to transmit the message.

MESSAGE
This is what we actually said or written.

CHANNEL: medium used to convey a message.

RECEIVER
Listen, observe and attend listener or the decoder

DECODE: relate the message perceived to the receivers storehouse of knowledge and experience and to sort out the meaning of the message.

RESPONSE
message that the receiver returns to the sender. feedback

PURPOSES OF THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION

Establishing rapport Identifying issues of concern Being empathetic, genuine, caring, and unconditionally accepting of the person Understanding the clients perception Exploring the clients thoughts and feelings Developing problem-solving skills Promoting the clients evaluation of solutions

Essential Components of Therapeutic Communication

Privacy and respect for boundaries :

therapeutic communication is most comfortable at 3 to 6 feet; should not be less than 18 inches

Essential Components of Therapeutic Communication

Touching
a client may be comforting and supportive if it is permitted and welcome; nurse must evaluate whether the client perceives touch as positive or threatening and unwanted and should never assume that touching a client is acceptable

Four Types of Touch

Essential Components of Therapeutic Communication

Active listening (concentrating exclusively on what client is saying) can be promoted by: Facing the client Using moderate eye contact Removing physical barriers Maintaining open body posture Leaning forward

Essential Components of Therapeutic Communication

Active observation means watching the speakers nonverbal actions as he or she communicates

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES

stening

road Opening

Facing and leaning toward the client, using eye contact, relaxed body posture Open ended question What & Why

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES

larification/Clarifying

Nurse communicates an understanding of the thought or feeling tone of the clients message back him/her to offer another perspective in the situation

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES

eflecting

Reflects back the feeling o thought

onfronting

Describes contraindication in the clients behavior or feeling

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES Provides facts and information

iving information

eeking validation

Ask to give feedback abou the accuracy of the nurses perception

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES

elf disclosure

Occasionally and cautiousl reveals something from he own experience

ilence

To communicate presence and acceptance of the clie

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES

ummary

Progress, evaluates goal

NON THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION

NON THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION Nurse communicates an unwillingness to continue with the clients topic

hanging the subject

nterrupting

Nurse shows disrespect by breaking into an interferin with his/ her communicatio

NON THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION

NON THERAPEUTIC Approving COMMUNICATION Nurses uses approval and disapproval to control client and his behavior Nurse passes judgement on the client

Moralizing Social Response

Nurse uses superficial, social conversation that is not clien centered.

CHARACTERISTIC OF COMMUNICATION:
Timing and relevance: require choice and appropriate time and consideration of the client interest and concerns. Adaptability: adjustment on what nurse says and how it is said depending on moods and behavior of the client. Credibility: worthiness of belief. Clarity: saying exactly what is meant. Simplicity: commonly understood words, brevity and completeness.

DEVELOPMENTAL CONSIDERATION IN COMMUNICATION

Development
Includes language, psychosocial, and intellectual development

Gender Values and Perception

Values: standards that influence a behavior Perception: personal view of an event

Personal Space
Distance people refer in interactions with others Proxemics: study of distance between people and their interactions

FACTORS INFLUENCING COMMUNICATION PROCESS

Territoriality
A concept of the space and things than an individual considers as belonging to himself

Roles and Relationships Environment Congruence

Congruent Communication: the verbal and nonverbal aspects of the message match

Interpersonal Attitudes
Elder speak: a speech style similar to baby talk, that gives a message of

BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
Stereotyping
Categorize clients and negate their uniqueness as individual

Agreeing and disagreeing

Deter clients from thinking through their position and may cause a client to be defensive

Being defensive
you have no right to complain prevent the client from expressing true concerns

BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
Challenging
Makes the client feel it necessary to defend a position

Probing
Prying (why) places the patient in a defensive position

Testing
Permit client only limited answers and often meets the nurses need rather than the client

Rejecting
Makes client feel that the nurse rejects the communication and even the client themselves

BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
Changing topics and subjects
Implies what the nurse considers important and clients should not discuss certain topics

Unwarranted assurance
Blocks fears, feelings, and other thoughts

Passing judgment
Imply the client must think as the nurse thinks, fostering client dependence

Giving common advice

Deny the clients right to be an equal partner

COMMUNICATING WITH PEOPLE WHO ARE..

Assessing
Cognitive Impairments
Clients develop:
total loss of speech impaired articulation inability to find or name words

Assessing
Structural deficits
cleft palate artificial airways such as tracheostomy and laryngectomy dyspnea

Assessing
Aggressive strongly asserts the persons legitimate rights and opinions with little regard or respect of the rights and opinions of others. often perceived as a personal attack by the other person.

Cultural Considerations
The nurse must be aware of cultural differences in: Speech patterns and habits Styles of speech and expression Eye contact Touch Concept of time Health and health care

Thank You!