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ROOD APPROACH
Muscles have different duties. Most of them
are a combination, but some predominate, in light work , others in heavy work.
Margaret
Rood, American Physical therapist, 1956.
Neurological ? RA,OA, Soft tissue injury, Post fractures ?
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Muscle Work
Light :
Phasic. Fast glycolytic. Superficial. Multiarthrodial.
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Heavy:
Tonic. Slow oxidative. Deep. Single joint muscle.
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Fusiform or strap. Small area
Pennate. Large area
attachment.
ActiveBlood
attachment.
All time rich in
supply.
High metabolic cost. Rapidly fatigue. Flexors & Adductors.
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blood.
Low metabolic cost. Slow fatigue. Extensors &
abductors.
To normalize the muscle tone
Facilitatory technique: --To normalize the muscle tone from a flaccid state. --Icing, fast brushing, tapping, stroking, quick stretch. Inhibitory technique: --To normalize the muscle tone from hypertonic or spastic state. --Deep pressure, slow rolling, and slow rocking.
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Facilitation
Light Work: Quick stretch.
Unpleasant stimuli. Pain
Heavy Work: Quick stretch.
Joint compression. Pressure wt.
stimu(Nociceptors).
bearing.
Lips, tongue, feet,
palm.
Resistance. Utricle &
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SCC(head
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Saccule(Static).
Features
Identification of goal. Identification of factors Poor function. Selecting the relevant need(motor activity). Selecting afferent stimuli. Timing of stimuli. Ensuring repetition.
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Goals
Communication. Manipulative skills. Gross motor function.
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Examination
Sensation. Perception. Postural reaction. Quality of movement. Muscle tone. Circulatory defects.
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Sequences in Gross Motor Development
A1:
Supine. Withdrawal pattern. Total flexion. Tonic heavy work. Reciprocal innervation. Bilateral. Centered at 10th
thoracic vertebrae.
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A2:
Roll over. Flexion top arm &
leg.
Phasic movement.
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A3:
Pivot pattern. Total extension. Reciprocal
innervation.
Bilateral. Cen at 10th
vertebrae.
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B. Fixed Distal Segments
B1:
Neck Co contraction,
Vertebral extension.
For head & neck
hyperkinesia.
To stabilise eyes if
nystagmus.
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B2:
Forearm support. Gleno humeral joint
alignment.
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B3:
All fours.
B4:
Sitting. Pressure on knees
through to heels Auto facilitation.
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C:
Movement over
D:
Skilled movement
fixed distal segment.
To Dynamic
distal end of limbs free.
To mobility. Reaching , Crawling,
stability.
Rock side to side,
back and forward.
Turning movements.
Walking.
Objective &
Functional.
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Movement Control Sequence
Flexion. Extension. Adduction. Abduction. Rotation.
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Receptors
Cutaneous:
Quick light brushing:
Nerve root. Soft artist or decorators brush or electrically powered.
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Anterior primary rami local, superficial muscles. Posterior primary rami deep back muscle. Face muscles of mastication & expression( V VII ).
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Delay upto 20 min for inhibited not used
recently.
Rapid stimulation effective over Poor
circulation.
Cutaneous stimulation rapid & large ms
spindle modulation thro gamma motoneuron reflexes- Loeb & Hoffer (1981).
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Brief Cold Application
Quick wipe with ice cube. Warm limb. Immediate & most effective. Limb Extensors. To palm of hand mental process. Lips , tongue suck, swallow, speech.
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Slow Stroking
Neck to sacrum over centre of back
chorea athetosis or excessive muscle tone.
Rhythmically for 3 minutes.
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Precautions
Brush:
Aware of effect. 3 sec in one place. Repeated in bursts at intervals. Do not use mechanical tools. In flaccid infant seizures(stroking adviced). Ear , outer 3rd forehead central inhi. Avoid
in brain stem injury.
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Precautions
Ice:
Behind ear sudden of blood pressure. Sole , Palm nociceptive(avoid in children &
emotionally unstable). Ice over posterior primary rami which shares nerve supply to vessels supplies organ. Left shoulder in cardiac diseased.
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Muscle Spindles
Quick Stretch: Ia afferent Facilitatory. Slow Stretch:
Single joint deep muscles 5 minutes
II(length measuring from nuclear chain fibres) Inhi. Quadriceps, hip abductors, lumbar & cervical deep extensors, glenohumeral & shoulder girdle retractors.
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Vibration
Mech vibrator muscle on stretch muscle
spindle stim tonic vibratory reflex.
Cutaneous brushing prior to vibrator
effective.
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Golgi Tendon Organs(Ib)
Contraction receptors. Auto inhi to a non resisted repeated
contraction. Multiarthrodial. Fast glycolytic. Slow repeated Flexors & Adductors strong isotonic for extensors. Inhi only for flexor not for extensors?
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Mechanoreceptors
Maintained pressure medial heeldorsiflexor. Pressure Heel of hand normalization. Pisiform pressure. Skull to ischial weighted cap, shoulder bag
athetosis.
Skin stimu over convex part. Compression over concave part.
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Labyrinthine System
Head mvmt in vetical (revolving chair) SCC
postural tone & improves in bradykinesia.
Prone on tilting plinth , large ball head rock
up & down activation of fast twitch muscles.
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Special Sense Organs
Nose & Mouth face & tongue mvmt. Quinine on back of tongue tongue thrust. Ammonia nose Parkinson mask. Lemon juice salivation swallowing , clear
secretion from throat.
Optical righting reactions. Roods facili resp ms in unconscious
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Timing
Body position & activity. Head control before swallow or speech
therapy.
Skin brushing precedes all other stimuli. Verbal coincide with stimuli(icing).
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Repetition
Axoplasmic flow changes nerve & muscle
tissue molecules.
Sufficient period of time changes in muscle
unit type.
Regimes planned to follow in daily routine at
home beneficial.
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Thank U
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