Fire & Life Safety
Dale Saunders, DCFM Campus Fire Marshal, EH&S, UC Irvine
9/9/2013
Overview
Awareness of Fire Hazards Fire Safety Systems
Fire Codes Fire Extinguishers Fire Alarms Fire Suppression Fire Construction and Containment
9/9/2013
Group Exercise
What are some fire hazards that you may encounter in your facilities?
9/9/2013
Film Clip
Great White Concert Fire
9/9/2013
Great White Concert Fire
February 20, 2003 Location: W. Warwick, RD Building: The Station Concert Hall # Killed: 100 (96 on site, 4 in Hospital) # Injured: 200 4th Deadliest concert fire in US History
9/9/2013
Great White Concert-Fire hazards
What went wrong?
9/9/2013
Overview
Fire Codes Fire Extinguishers Fire Alarm Systems Fire Suppression Fire Construction & Containment
9/9/2013
Fire Codes
California Building Code Title 24 California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 19 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
9/9/2013
California Building Code (Title 24)
California Constitution requires:
California laws called California Codes (Total of 29)
Education Code Government Code Health & Safety Code Labor Code Requires 19 CCR Requires CBC
9/9/2013
CA Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 19
Required by Government Code CCR Title 19 Public Safety: regulated by State Fire Marshal (SFM)
Fire Safety of Building Maintenance Fire Extinguisher Maintenance Fire Alarm & Fire Sprinkler Maintenance General Fire Safety
9/9/2013
10
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
NFPA 13 Fire Sprinklers
System requirements & installation Water supplies System inspection, testing, & maintenance
NFPA 72 Fire Alarms
System design requirements Inspection, testing, & maintenance
9/9/2013
11
Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)
Enforcement Community Colleges Division of State Architect (DSA) SFM Designated Campus Fire Marshal (DCFM) Regulations State Fire Marshal (SFM) SFM SFM
State Universities UCs
Private Universities
Local Fire Agency
Local Fire Agency/SFM
9/9/2013
12
Fire Code Questions?
9/9/2013
13
Overview
Fire Codes Fire Extinguishers Fire Alarm Systems Fire Suppression Fire Construction & Containment
9/9/2013
14
Fire Extinguishers
Elements of all fires
9/9/2013
15
Fire Extinguisher Classifications
Classifications:
Class A - Ordinary Combustibles Paper, cloth, wood, and some Plastics
Class B - Flammable Liquids or Gasses Liquids: Gasoline, Oil, Grease, Solvents Gases: Acetylene, Methane, Hydrogen Class C - Energized Electrical Equipment Equipment Connected to Electrical Source
9/9/2013
16
Extinguisher Ratings
Sample extinguisher UL listing
4-A:20-B:C
Good for Class A, B, and C fires Will extinguish twice as much Class A fire as a 2-A rated extinguisher Will extinguish 20 times as much Class B fire as a 1-B rated extinguisher Suitable for Class C fires
9/9/2013
17
Use of Fire Extinguisher
P - Pull the Pin A - Aim at Base of Fire
S - Squeeze the Trigger
S - Sweep from Side to Side
9/9/2013
18
Inspect Fire Extinguisher
Is this fire extinguisher ready to be used?
Locking pin and security seal Pressure gauge State Fire Marshal tag
9/9/2013
19
Fire Extinguisher Questions?
9/9/2013
20
Overview
Fire Codes Fire Extinguishers Fire Alarm Systems Fire Suppression Fire Construction & Containment
9/9/2013
21
Fire Alarm Systems
System Selection based on:
Building occupant safety Satisfy building codes or AHJ requirements Property protection First responder safety Environmental protection Combination of above
9/9/2013 22
Fire Detection
Spark/Ember Detectors Flame Detectors Combination Radiant Energy
UV IR
Smoke Detector
Ionization Photoelectric
Heat Detectors
Fixed Temperature Rate-of-Rise
9/9/2013 23
Manual Pull Stations
Usually located near exit on wall Sends signal to fire alarm system which in turn places the building into alarm
9/9/2013
24
Notification Appliances
Audible alarms
Horns Bells Chimes
Visual alarms Voice Communication
Assembly occupancies High rises
9/9/2013
25
Fire Alarm Questions?
9/9/2013
26
Overview
Fire Codes Fire Extinguishers Fire Alarm Systems Fire Suppression Fire Construction & Containment
9/9/2013
27
Fire Suppression Systems
4 categories of sprinkler systems
Wet-Pipe Dry-Pipe Preaction Deluge
9/9/2013
28
Wet-Pipe System (Sprinklers)
System contains water under pressure at all times Series of closed sprinkler heads Heat activates sprinkler head Water discharged immediately from sprinkler head
9/9/2013
29
How do Wet-Pipe Systems/Sprinklers Work?
Sprinkler head
Water is released and deflected in a spray pattern
As temperature rises the bulb will shatter
9/9/2013
30
Dry-Pipe System
System contains air under pressure
Compressor on system keeps pressure up
Sprinkler heads hold the pressure Valve holds back water supply Valve opens when pressure falls below a predetermined level in the pipes Heat activates sprinkler head Water discharged immediately from sprinkler head
9/9/2013
31
How do Dry-Pipe Systems Work?
1. Heat Activated, sprinklers head opens
2.
Pressure Drop
3.
Valve Opens
4.
Water sent to all sprinkler heads
5.
9/9/2013
Water Discharges from activated head
32
Preaction System
System contains air under pressure
Compressor on system keeps pressure up
Water held back by preaction valve Supplemental detection Operation of detection system allows preaction valve to open and water fills system Water not discharged until fire has generated sufficient heat to activate a sprinkler head
9/9/2013
33
How do Pre-Action Systems Work?
1. Smoke Activated, opens primer in valve
2.
Pressure Drop
3.
Valve Opens
4.
Water sent to all sprinkler heads
5.
9/9/2013
Water Discharges from activated head
34
Deluge Systems
Deliver large quantities of water over a specified area in a short period of time Piping at atmospheric pressure Sprinkler heads are in open position Deluge valve keeps water back Supplemental detection activated deluge valve Water discharged from all heads immediately
9/9/2013
35
Sprinkler Flow Alarms
Switches to detect water flow
Fire alarm system activated when water flow detected
9/9/2013
36
Fire Pumps
Used when hydraulic demand exceeds public supply capacity Components
Pump and motor Controllers (fire pump and jockey pump) Jockey pump Water tank
9/9/2013
37
Water Supply
Standpipe System
Class I Intended for Fire Department use Class II Intended for trained occupants Class III Provided with 2 inch and 1 inch hose connections
Fire Department Connection
9/9/2013
38
Fire Suppression Questions?
9/9/2013
39
Overview
Fire Codes Fire Extinguishers Fire Alarm Systems Fire Suppression Fire Construction & Containment
9/9/2013
40
Construction and Containment
Buildings classified by 9 levels of fire resistant materials (e.g. walls, roofs, columns) High level Type I (High Rise)
Low Level Type V Non-Rated (Homes)
9/9/2013
41
Examples of Construction & Containment
Closing fire doors Fire/Smoke dampers
Fire penetrations around pipes in rated walls
9/9/2013
42
Know Your Building
Become familiar with:
Locations of sprinklers and standpipe Location of fire alarm devices Locations of exits and egress Emergency evacuation routes Do you have emergency power where located?
9/9/2013
43
Fire Construction & Containment Questions?
9/9/2013
44
Conclusions
Codes drive facility fire and life safety requirements Know what codes apply to your operation Find out who is your AHJ Maintain fire and life safety systems at all times Always report non-operational fire systems to your appropriate department Be aware of fire hazards report as appropriate
9/9/2013
45
Contact Information
Dale Saunders, DCFM Campus Fire Marshal, EH&S, UC Irvine dsaunder@uci.edu (949) 824-4077 www.ehs.uci.edu
9/9/2013 46
