COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT OF SOLID WASTE
ENSOMO, MART PONTINELA, CRISTINNE MONTEJO, IVANLEE GABIETA, MA. GEORGIA CASTRO, RONA CAIZAR, JOANNA MARIE
Content: Separation at source Waste collection, transfer and transport Organization of waste collection
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9.1 Separation at source
Most urban places in the developing world have yet to experience the decline of traditional recovery of recyclables and the corresponding increase in post-consumer wastes, which, together with scarcity of dump space, have led many affluent cities to sponsor materials recovery.
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9.2 Waste collection, transfer and transport
Collection is by far the largest cost element in most MSWM systems Accounting for 60-70% of costs in industrialized countries, And 70-90% of costs in developing and transition countries. Collection (and street sweeping together) comprise the single largest category of expenditure in municipal budgets.
Failure or inadequacy of collection, especially in developing countries where there is frequently considerable human fecal waste in the municipal solid waste, can lead to threats to public health.
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Refuse collection system
refuse disposal system, technique for the collection, treatment, and disposal of the solid wastes of a community. The development and operation of these systems is often called solidwaste management.
Refuse Collection (Residential)
Stationary container emptied into truck
Manually
High injury rates (heavy containers, broken glass/sharp objects) Temporary containers that fall apart
Automatic
Side Loader
Automatic Collection
Usually only one driver required Works best
without on-street parking, low hanging wires, narrow streets
Where commitment to preventative maintenance Where commitment to educating public
60-90 gal containers
Types of collection
Municipal Collection Services:
a. Residential: 1. Curb (Kerb-side) 2. Alley 3. Set out and set back 4. Backyard collection
Curb (Kerb-side)
House owner is responsible for placing solid waste containers at the curb on scheduled day.
The work man come, collect and empty the container and put back at the curb.
House owner is required to take back the empty containers from the curb to his house.
Quickest/ economical
Crew: 1 driver + 1 or 2 collectors No need to enter property
Set-out, set back
Collectors have to enter property Set out crew carries full containers from resident storage location to curb/ alley before collection vehicle arrives. Collection crew load their refuse into vehicle Set-back crew return the container to storage area.
Alley service
The containers are placed at the alley line from where they are picked up by workmen from refuse vehicles who deposit back the empty container.
Backyard service
The workers with the vehicles carry a bin, wheel barrow or sack or cloth to the yard and empty the solid waste container in it.
The bin is taken to solid waste vehicles where it is emptied.
Commercial-Industrial Collection Services: i. Large movable and stationary containers ii. Large stationary compactors (to form bales)
Collection Frequency:
residential areas : everyday/ once in 2 days communal/ commercial : daily food waste - max. period should not exceed :
the
normal time for the accumulation of waste to fill a container the time for fresh garbage to putrefy and emit fouls odor the length of fly-breeding cycle ( < 7 days).
9.2 Waste collection, transfer and transport
Various collection and container systems are used door-to-door collection indirect collection, with containers/communal bins placed near markets, in apartment complexes, and in other appropriate locations and hauled to transfer stations and disposal sites by vehicles.
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9.2 Waste collection, transfer and transport
Collection vehicles
Based on a collector or collection crew which moves through the collection service area with a vehicle for collecting the waste or materials.
The vehicle may be small and simple as small as a twowheeled cart pulled by an individual or large, complex, and energy intensive, such as the rear-loading compactor trucks used in many industrialized cities.
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9.2 Waste collection, transfer and transport
Muscle-powered or micro-mechanical vehicles work well: in densely populated areas in squatter settlements; on hilly, wet or rough terrain; and with small volumes of waste and densely settled housing units.
The disadvantages of muscle-powered vehicles are: perception of use animals / human power as old-fashioned / shameful;
vehicles have limited traveling range and are slow;
animals pulling vehicles leave waste, which must be cleaned up; effect of weather exposure on humans not in motorized vehicles; problems of animal temperament, health, etc.
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9.2 Waste collection, transfer and transport
Non-compactor trucks Sound technical practice for solid waste collection when: the waste is very wet or dense; labor is relatively inexpensive, compared to capital; limited need of highly skilled maintenance; collection routes are long and relatively sparsely populated; controlling capital and operating costs is very important; and downtime for maintenance must be minimized.
Disadvantages:
political: government see compactors as means to modernize waste collection system (non-compactor trucks having low status); salesmen recommend compactor trucks; donor agencies from industrialized countries recommend equipment associated with efficient collection in their own countries (compactor trucks)
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9.2 Waste collection, transfer and transport
Compactor trucks (standard of sound practice for
waste collection in Industrialized countries and cities):
waste containers are emptied in the vehicle compacts the waste to high density removes the waste from view quickly; inhibits vectors + insects from reaching waste Characteristics: high capital cost;
sensitive hydraulic mechanisms (must be well maintained and can break when compacting waste that is already dense).
high fuel usage and operating cost; moderate skill level to operate; at least two persons needed to operate under most conditions.) .
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9.2 Waste collection, transfer and transport
Containers
Most collection systems depend set-out containers.
Aspects for consideration: - materials, size, and volume - Baskets / paper bags to promote decomposition and prevent odors - Theft of containers?
- Color?
- Separate container for recycable materials? .
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9.3 Organization of waste collection
Administrative structures for MSW collection and transfer services The frequency of collection ranges from once or twice a week to daily collection. Collection crews are directly employed with fixed working hours, holidays, and other benefits
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9.3 Organization of waste collection
Collection Points may be a: container,
a concrete vat,
a road side, or an open area. The type of vehicles used varies from city to city, and within one urban area, according to the type of container system and the funds available for purchasing or hiring vehicles. For example, in large cities, open flatbed trucks, covered trucks, and some compactors are in use, whereas in smaller cities tractortrailers and animal carts are common.
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9.3 Organization of waste collection
Route design and operation Collection of waste or recyclables organized in service areas. A service area is the region or area which falls under the responsibility of a government, public authority, or private company. Within the service area, collection is organized into routes. A route is the path followed by a single collection vehicle for waste collection on a single day. Collection efficiency Critical as it is the main determinant of collection cost An efficient collection system aims to collect as much waste as possible with a given amount of labor, capital, and time.
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Transfer stations
A transfer station is a building or processing site for the temporary deposition of waste. Transfer stations are often used as places where local waste collection vehicles will deposit their waste cargo prior to loading into larger vehicles. These larger vehicles will transport the waste to the end point of disposal in an incinerator, landfill, or hazardous waste facility, or for recycling
Transfer Stations
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