WORK AT HEIGHT
WHAT IS WORK AT HEIGHT?
How do we define
Work at Heights?
Working at Heights or Elevated Works is
considered when any work is carried out at 1.8
meters (6ft.) and higher or working on one or
more of the following:
1.High Steel Structures
2.Roof Tops
3.Scaffolds
4.Ladders
5.Floor Openings
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FACTORS AND SITUATIONS THAT
COULD CAUSE A FALL:
moving from one surface to another at heights;
uncovered holes and openings;
open ledges not barricaded;
uneven surfaces;
moving surfaces;
poor lighting;
unsuitable foot wear;
slippery surfaces;
wind, rain and ice;
being struck by falling objects;
incorrectly using a ladder; and
incorrectly using fall arresting
equipment.
SUPERVISORS RESPONSIBILITIES
Supervisors are responsible to ensure that
employees receive training on:
proper use; care; inspection; and limitations;
of all
Fall Protection Equipment.
Supervisors are responsible to ensure that the
proper equipment is available for employee use.
Supervisors are responsible to monitor
employee use of Fall Protection devices to ensure
that all requirements of this procedure are
maintained.
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INSPECT THE JOB FIRST !
Before each task is started, visit
where you will be working.
Check
for
overhangs.
drop
hazards,
Check to make sure that no
welding takes place above while
you are working below a walkway.
PORTABLE LADDERS
The most commonly used and
abused equipment for working at
heights is the Portable ladder.
The main types of Portable Ladders
commonly used are the:
1. Single ladder;
2. Extension Ladder; &
3. Step Ladder.
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POSITIONING PORTABLE LADDERS
Ladders should be positioned on a firm,
level surface at an angle of 75 degrees.
You should never position a ladder:
in front of outward opening doors;
against a window pane;
on top of boxes, loose bricks or
concrete blocks to gain extra
height.
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PORTABLE LADDERS
1 meter
The end of the ladder extends at
least 1 meter (3 Ft.) past the
landing platform or step off point.
The ladder must have secure
footing on level ground / surface.
Secure the ladder at the top to
prevent slipping & falling.
PORTABLE LADDERS
Use both hands when climbing the
ladder.
Always maintain a minimum three
point contact with the
ladder;
Use a hand-rope to haul tools up
to your work platform.
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CHECKING METAL LADDERS
Sharp edges and burrs
Twisted or deformed
ladder parts
Metal fatigue and cracks
Corrosion due to
contact with acids
or caustic soda
Loose or missing
screws and rivets
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CHECKING SINGLE TYPE LADDERS
Loose rungs
300mm spacing
Twisted
Worn or missing
slip resistant feet
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PERSONAL FALL ARREST SYSTEM
LIFELINE /
STATIC LINE
(Cable Wire)
Tie Off Point
FULL BODY
HARNESS
CONNECTOR
DECELERATION
DEVICE
LANYARD
STANCHION
ROPE
GRAB
ANCHORAGE
(Capable of supporting
a minimum dead weight
of 2,268 kgs./person)
Example - Beams,
Girdles, & or Columns.
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PERSONAL FALL ARREST SYSTEM
OSHA Standard 1915.149
ANCHORAGE
Strong enough
Above head
100% tie - off
Not in conduit
Not in electrical cable
Not in air ducts
Not in any part of Valve
Not in Cable Trays Support
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PERSONAL FALL ARREST SYSTEM
FULL BODY HARNESS
A safety harness:
stops the fall and spreads the impact shock
over a large area of the body; and
allows a fall to be stopped or arrested
without causing bodily injury.
The safety harness must be attached to:
a lanyard with a built in shock absorber; or
a self-retracting lanyard.
The other end of the lanyard must be
securely attached to a static line or
anchor point.
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PERSONAL FALL ARREST SYSTEM
BODY BELT
NOT ALLOWED
(Use it only as restraint
device to limit the movement
at dangerous places)
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PERSONAL FALL ARREST SYSTEM
SAFETY RULES
Destroy any equipment which has received a shock load.
Never use equipment for other than personal fall protection.
To protect from accidental disconnection ("roll out") only use
lanyards with double locking snap hooks.
Do not interconnect snap hooks for doubling the length of the
lanyard.
Connect the lanyard to a solid anchor point and do not expose
yourself to a fall on the lanyard greater than 6 feet.
Inspect you fall protection equipment prior to use daily.
Lanyards must be equipped with shock absorber.
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THE FIVE MOST
SERIOUS SCAFFOLD HAZARDS
FALL
UNSAFE ACCESS
STRUCK BY FALLING OBJECTS
ELECTROCUTION
SCAFFOLD COLLAPSE
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OSHA FATALITY STUDY
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OSHA SCAFFOLD FATALITY STUDY
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SCAFFOLD FATALITIES
FROM FALLS BY JOB TITLES
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SCAFFOLD FATALITIES FALLS
PRIMARY CAUSE
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GENERAL SCAFFOLD
REQUIREMENTS
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GENERAL SCAFFOLD REQUIREMENTS
Weight Capacity - all scaffolds must be capable
of supporting 4 times the intended load.
A scaffold expected to hold a 200 lb man and 20
lbs of tools and materials must be designed to
support 880 lbs without failure.
A scaffold must never be loaded beyond its
maximum capacity.
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Toe-Board
Spare Pipe
Top-Rail
Mid-Rail
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GENERAL SCAFFOLD REQUIREMENTS
Platforms - rest platforms every 12 feet
Built in access rungs must:
be specially designed by the manufacturer as
a ladder rung
have rung length of at least 12
be uniformly spaced
have maximum vertical spacing of 12
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12 in
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12 in
ERECTION AND USE
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GENERAL SAFETY GUIDELINES
DURING ERECTION
Scaffolds shall be erected under the supervision of a
competent person, and performed by a trained crew
selected by the competent person.
Personal Protective Equipment
Soil Types
Base Plates
Plumb, level, and square scaffold at base
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GENERAL SAFETY GUIDELINES
DURING ERECTION
RAISING AND LOWERING SCAFFOLD MATERIALS
Should be done using an approved hoisting appliance (e.g. - gin
wheel)
Throwing is strictly prohibited.
The area on the ground level beneath the material being raised
shall be barricaded and a sign displayed prominently.
All timber planks intended to be raised or lowered by rope shall
be secured by a timber hitch or clove hitch with a half hitch on
the main hauling part.
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RAISING AND
LOWERING
SCAFFOLD
MATERIALS
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SCAFFOLD TAGGING
All
scaffold
shall
be
tagged
COMPLETE,
INCOMPLETE, DANGER - DO NOT USE.
What makes an INCOMPLETE scaffold?
Missing guardrails
Incomplete decking
What makes a DANGER - DO NOT USE scaffold?
Cracks in frame
Excessive rust
Scaffold not plumb
Scaffold has missing parts
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UNIVERSAL SCAFFOLD TAGS
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SCAFFOLD USE
Scaffold users must comply with all federal, state, and
local regulations when using a scaffold.
User must inspect scaffold before use.
Always use the safe means of access provided.
Do not work from scaffold if you feel dizzy or weak.
Do not climb or use as access bracing or frame.
Climb carefully.
Do not alter or move the scaffold while it is in use,
except by a trained crew under the supervision of a
competent person.
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SCAFFOLD USE
Use special precautions to protect the scaffold
members when working with a heat producing tool.
Maintain scaffold in a safe condition.
Do not use scaffold as a material hoist.
Clean up spills immediately.
Use tag line to hoist materials onto a scaffold.
Do not allow tools, materials, or debris to accumulate.
Ensure thorough housekeeping.
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SCAFFOLD USE
Maintain clearance from power lines as follows:
Insulated lines: less than 300 volts - 3 feet
300 volts to 50 KV - 10 feet
More than 50 KV - 10 feet plus 4 inches for
each 1 KV over 50 KV
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THANK YOU ALL
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