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Worm Infestations 1

This document discusses several types of worm infections including Ankylostoma duodenale, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Enterobius vermicularis. It outlines their public health importance, modes of transmission, common signs and symptoms, methods of prevention and treatment options. The three main parasites cause issues like iron deficiency anemia, malnutrition, growth retardation in children and can be transmitted through contaminated soil, water or food. Prevention focuses on access to clean water, sanitation, hygiene practices while treatment involves anthelmintic drugs like albendazole, mebendazole and pyrantel pamoate.

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215 views18 pages

Worm Infestations 1

This document discusses several types of worm infections including Ankylostoma duodenale, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Enterobius vermicularis. It outlines their public health importance, modes of transmission, common signs and symptoms, methods of prevention and treatment options. The three main parasites cause issues like iron deficiency anemia, malnutrition, growth retardation in children and can be transmitted through contaminated soil, water or food. Prevention focuses on access to clean water, sanitation, hygiene practices while treatment involves anthelmintic drugs like albendazole, mebendazole and pyrantel pamoate.

Uploaded by

Beta User
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Worm Infestations

Ankylostoma
Ascaris

duodenale

lumbricoides

Enterobius

vermicularis

Ankylostoma duodenale

Public Health Importance

About one billion infected


Most common cause of IDA worldwide
Loss of productivity
Malnutrition and Growth retardation
in children

Mode of Transmission

Direct contact with contaminated soil

Contamination of water with soil

Eating contaminated produce

Signs & Symptoms

Asymptomatic
Itching
Rash
Anemia
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
Loss of appetite
Weight loss.
Stunted physical and mental development

Prevention

Clean drinking water

Nightsoil use in farming?

Wearing of shoes

Chemoprophylaxis

Sanitary disposal of human excreta

Treatment

Albendazole.
OR
Mebendazole
OR
Pyrantel pamoate

ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES

Most common human worm infection.

Common in tropical and subtropical


areas

Children infected more often than


adults

Mode of Transmission

Contamination of produce via infected


fertilizers

Contamination of water supplies

Accidental ingestion of infective


ascarid eggs

Signs & Symptoms

Abdominal pain and intestinal


obstruction.

Symptomatic occlusion of the biliary


tract

Oral expulsion.

Signs & Symptoms

Cough,

Dyspnea,

Hemoptysis,

Eosinophilic pneumonitis - Loefflers


syndrome).

Light infection often asymptomatic

Prevention

Avoid contacting soil that may be contaminated


with human feces.

Avoiding fertilization with raw human sewage

Do not defecate outdoors.

Dispose of childs stools/diapers properly.

Prevention

Wash hands with soap and water before


handling food.

Avoid water or food that may be contaminated.

Wash, peel or cook all raw vegetables and fruits


before eating.

Treatment

Albendazole

Mebendazole

Pyrantel pamoate.

ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS

Worldwide distribution

Infections more frequent in school- or


preschool- children

Crowded conditions

Commoner in temperate than tropical


countries

Mode of Transmission

Self-infection

Handling of contaminated clothes or


bed linens

Surfaces in the environment that are


contaminated with pinworm eggs

Airborne and inhaled

Signs & Symptoms

Perianal pruritus

Anorexia,

Irritability

Abdominal pain.

Vulvovaginitis
Pelvic or peritoneal granulomas

Prevention

Bathe to help reduce the egg contamination.

Frequent changing of night clothes are


recommended.

Change clothes, and sheets after each


treatment.

Open blinds or curtains in bedrooms during the


day.

Prevention

Personal hygiene should include washing hands


after going to the toilet, before eating and after
changing diapers.

Trim fingernails short.

Discourage nail-biting

Treatment: Pyrantel pamoate

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