BY
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
To know about Merchandising we
should have to know the followings
What is Merchandising?
Who are Merchandisers?
The qualities a Merchandiser should have
What are the responsibilities of a Merchandiser?
What are the responsibilities of a Junior
Merchandiser?
Works involved in Merchandising
Role & Necessity of a Merchandiser in Garments
Trade
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
What is Merchandising?
The Word Merchandising came from Merchant.
The work of Merchant is to buy and sell.
So Merchandising is to buy and sell products in a
reasonable profit i.e. Merchandising means
Trading.
In common sense in Garments Trade
Merchandising is
Buy (Fabrics+ Accessories) Process Sell
(RMG)
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
Who are Merchandisers?
The Person who deals with Trade,
he/she is a Merchandiser.
The person who deals with the
Garments Trade is a Garments
Merchandiser.
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
The qualities, a Merchandiser
should have
Should be technically sound having clear conception about:
1. Textile fiber, yarn & fabrics
2. Dyeing, printing & finishing
3. Garments Manufacturing, washing and dyeing
4. Garments and other testing.
Should have knowledge about collection of an order.
Should have knowledge about Production Planning & Scheduling.
Should have knowledge about sourcing of material
Self-motivated and working ability, smart with fluent speaking and
writing ability in English.
Should have knowledge about costing & commercial activities an
so on.
Should have knowledge about fabric and thread consumption.
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
What are the responsibilities of
a Merchandiser?
Sample development.
Price negotiation.
Order confirmation.
L.C. opening. [Import Section].
Sourcing of materials.
Material collection.
Quality checking.
Production planning and control.
Arranging final inspection.
Arranging shipment. [Export Section].
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
What are the responsibilities of
a Junior Merchandiser?
Quantity: He should check the supplied goods quantity from inventory report.
Quality: Should check the quality of the supplied goods and get approval
from the concern buying office.
P.P. (Pre Production) Meeting: the scheduling is done and target is also fixed up.
Meeting is arranged by the Junior Merchandiser but headed by the Senior
Merchandiser. Quality Manager, Maintenance Manage etc. may be present in this
meeting.
Supplying Order Sheet to individual production unit: After checking Quantity,
Quality and after the Pre Production Meeting, the Junior Merchandiser prepares &
supplies the Order Sheet to the production units.
production Monitoring as per target & report to Senior Merchandiser.
Arranging final inspection.
Arranging shipment.
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
Works involved in Merchandising
Practically a Merchandiser should do the following
works
1) Searching the buyer, showing him the
company profile and convince him to place
order with the merchandisers factory.
2) If buyer shows interest, then collect PDM
(Product Development Manual) from him.
3) Prepare costing according to the PDM and
submit with the consent of the higher
authority.
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
4. Make sample and try to get approval.
5. When the costing and samples are
approved, request the buyer to confirm the
order and to confirm the total order qty. per
style along with lead time.
6. Prepare a TNA(Time and Action) plan with
the buyer to meet the shipment without any
problem.
7. If everything is ok, then place order with the
fabric and accessories supplier.
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
Works involved in Merchandising
8. Request the suppliers to submit sample to get
approval from buyer. Issue B/B L/C in favor of buyer
against Sales Contract.
9. Request the buyer to provide color and size
breakdown and request the supplier to produce as per
this breakdown.
10. After getting approval, request the supplier for bulk
production and in house the materials according the
TNA.
11. Submit the sample according to the sample TNA
provided by the buyer and approve them.
12. Arrange PP meeting and go to bulk production.
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
10
13. Request the buyer to provide PO and to
open Master L/C and adjust the sales
contract against the master L/C.
14. Make packing list and get approval
15. Submit all the documents to the
commercial dept. before at least one week
of shipment.
16. Arrange final inspection as per consent of
the buyer. Final inspection may be done by
the buyers representative or any Third
party organization.
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
11
Works involved in Merchandising
17. If goods pass the inspection then inform the
commercial dept. and dispatch the goods to
the port to hand over to the CNF (Clearer
and Forwarder)
18. CNF will forward the goods to the vessel.
19. After receiving the goods, if the buyer
provides acceptance, collect payment as per
L/C terms and conditions.
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
12
Role & Necessity of a Merchandiser in
Garments Trade
1. A Merchandiser plays vital role in garments trade.
2. Basically a Merchandiser is the heart of the trade.
3. The collaboration between buyer and factory, the
synchronization of production & quality
department is done by the Merchandisers.
4. Merchandisers are responsible for the total order
and shipment.
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
13
Introduction to Garment
Manufacturing
Garment manufacturing is an assembly- oriented
activity with a great range of raw materials,
product types, production volumes, supply chains,
retail markets and associated technologies.
Companies range from small family business to
multinationals.
The clothing industry is labour intensive industry.
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
14
Departments in garment
manufacturing unit
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
15
Process flow in garment
manufacturing unit
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
16
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
17
Process flow in merchandising
department
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
18
Responsibilities of a merchandiser
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
19
Fashion forecastingisaglobalcareerthatfocusesonupcomingtrends.
Afashionforecasterpredictsthecolors,fabrics,textures,materials,prints,
graphics,beauty/grooming,accessories,footwear,streetstyle,andother
stylesthatwillbepresentedontherunwayandinthestoresforthe
upcomingseasons.Theconceptappliestonotone,butalllevelsofthe
fashionindustryincludinghautecouture,ready-to-wear,massmarket,and
streetwear.Trendforecastingisanoverallprocessthatfocusesonother
industriessuchasautomobiles,medicine,foodandbeverages,literature,
andhomefurnishings.Fashionforecastersareresponsibleforattracting
consumersandhelpingretailbusinessesanddesignersselltheirbrands.
Today,fashionindustryworkersrelyontheInternettoretrieve
informationonnewlooks,hotcolors,celebritywardrobes,anddesigner
collections.
1.Short-term forecasting:
Short-termforecastingfocusesoncurrenteventsbothdomesticallyand
internationallyaswellaspopcultureinordertoidentifypossibletrendsthatcanbe
communicatedtothecustomerthroughtheseasonalcolorpalette,fabric,and
silhouettestories.Itgivesfashionamoderntwisttoaclassiclookthatintriguesour
eyes.Someimportantareastofollowwhenscanningtheenvironmentare:current
events,art,sports,scienceandtechnology.Short-termforecastingcanalsobe
consideredfadforecasting.
2.Long-term forecasting:
Long-termforecastingistheprocessofanalyzingandevaluatingtrendsthatcanbe
identifiedbyscanningavarietyofsourcesforinformation.Itisafashionwhich
lastsovertwoyears.Whenscanningthemarketandtheconsumers,fashion
forecastersmustfollowdemographicsofcertainareas,bothurbanandsuburban,as
wellasexaminetheimpactonretailanditsconsumersduetotheeconomy,
politicalsystem,environment,andculture.Long-termforecastingseekstoidentify:
majorchangesininternationalanddomesticdemographics,shiftsinthefashion
industryalongwithmarketstructures,consumerexpectations,values,and
impulsiontobuy,newdevelopmentsintechnologyandscience,andshiftsinthe
economic,political,andculturalalliancesbetweencertaincountries.
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
21
Product Development Process
The purpose of the product development process is to certify that
the supplier understands and adheres to the specifications
established for a specific product. Typically, a retailers objective is
to provide their customers with the highest level of quality and
service at the most competitive price. Clothing stores can meet
this objective most successfully when their supplier fully
understands the product development process.
The development process is critical to ensuring customers
satisfaction and minimizing customer returns. Most
retailers approach to product development consists of a multi-step
process that must be completed before finished goods are
produced. Here are a few common steps in the 1. product
development process.
2. Product Review Meeting
3. Submission of Trimming & Components
4. Fit Testing
5. Photo Samples
6. Performance Testing
1. Product Review Meeting :
Apparelbuyers,merchandisemanagers,qualityassurancepersonnel,orother
membersoftheretailersstaffcanscheduleaproductreviewmeetingwiththe
supplier.Thismeetingshouldbeconducteddirectlyafterthemerchandise
managerapprovestheconceptfordevelopment.Thepurposeofthemeeting
istoreviewthepreliminaryproductandpackagespecificationsandtoensure
thatthesupplierisawareofthecompaniesqualityandproductdevelopment
procedures.Themeetingshouldbeofatechnicalnature.Therefore,the
suppliershouldbringtothemeetingtheappropriaterepresentationfromtheir
staff.Expecttodiscussthemanufacturingprocessindetailandaddressany
potentialmanufacturingconcernsorlimitationsinregardtomanufacturingthe
particularitembeingdiscussed.Inthismeeting,thesuppliershouldbe
providedapreliminaryspecificationfileswithdetailsofthegarmentthatisto
bemanufactured.Thesuppliershouldberequestedwithinashortperiodof
timetoformallyacknowledgetheirunderstandingoftherequirements.Itisa
goodideatoobtainthisinwriting.
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
23
2. Submission of Trimming:
Beforeapparelproductionbegins,itiscriticalthatthebuyerapprovesallcomponentsthat
willcomprisethefinishedproduct.Somebuyerswillrequirereviewofalltrimmingand
otherswillrequiretheapprovalofmajortrimcomponentsonly.However,othersmay
notrequiretoviewthethread.Itisimportanttounderstandwhatthebuying
companywishestoreviewpriortoproduction.Hereareafewexamplesofitemsthat
mayneedtobesubmittedforreview.
Labdips,strikeoffs(screenprintedswatches),reelingofyarninallcolours.
Productionfabric,knitdowns,handlooms,etc.Mostoftenrequiredinalargeenough
sizetocontainfullpatternrepeat.
Carelabels&mainlabels
ClothingComponents:Buttons,lace,zippers,interlinings,shoulderpads,elastics,
hangers,hangtags,pricetickets,etc.
Packaging:ASNlabels,chipboard,jetclips,tissuepaper,polybags,etc.
Inadditiontotrimming,youwillmostlikelyberequiredtosubmitFitSamples,preproductiongarmentsamples,testingsamples,TOPSamples(TopofProduction
Samples),etc.Youmayalsoberequiredtosubmitdocumentsduringthisphasesuchas
flammabilitydocumentsetc.
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
24
3. Fit Testing:
somefashioncompanieswillrequirefittestingaspartoftheproduct
developmentprocess.Inordertoensureproperfit,stepsmustbetakento
evaluatethegarmentscomfort.Thisprocessistobothmonitorthe
manufacturer,butalsotomakesuretheoriginalsize
specificationsdevelopedwasproper.Evenifthemanufacturerfollowsthe
specfileperfectly,duringthefitprocessthefittechnicianmaydiscover
thatadjustmentsmaybeneeded.Somecompanieswillconductthefit
testingonlivefitmodelsandotherswilldothetestinginfitforms
(mannequins).Themerchandisersshouldadvisethesupplierregarding
whichsizegarmentstheywishtoreviewforfit.Somecompanieswill
reviewonlyonesize,andothersliketoreviewthesmallestandlargest
size.Forexample,ifproductionwillbeorderedinascaleincludingsmall
thrudoubleXL,theymayrequireonesampleinsizesmallandoneinXXL
forthefitreview.Again,theretailer(orcompanypurchasingyour
product),shouldadviseyouregardingthesizestheyrequireforreview.
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
25
4. Photo Samples:
someretailerswillrequirephotosamples.Thesesamplesareutilizedfor
developingcatalogsoradvertising.Photosamplestypicallydonotrequire
allfinaltrimmingsuchasbrandlabels,buttheoutsideappearanceofthe
garmentmustbeincorrectsilhouetteandcolor.Thephotosmustrepresent
exactlywhatthefinishedproductwilllooklikewhenshipped(theoutside
visualappearance;doesnotneedpricetickets,hangers,(etc.).
Unfortunately,retailerscannotwaitforbulkproductionsamplesbecause
catalogphotosandadvertisingphotosareneededfarbeforethefinished
garmentsarereadytoshipfromthefactory.Again,notallretailersneed
photographysamples.Bytheway,somecompaniesusedigitalfabric
printingtomakesamplesmorequicklyiftheyhaveanurgentphotoshoot
pending.
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
26
5. Performance Testing:
Thisisaveryimportantaspectoftheproductdevelopmentprocess.All
productsdevelopedmustpassperformancetestingrequirements.Itisthe
suppliersresponsibilitytoensurethatallproductsproducedmeetorexceed
thebuyersperformancestandards.Beforeenteringintoanagreementto
manufacturerapparel,becertaintofullyunderstandthequalitystandard
requirementsrequestedbyyourbuyers.Itisnormalpracticetohaveboth
fabricandgarmentstestedbeforeproductisdelivered.Typically,the
testingisdoneatathirdpartytestingfacilitysuchasSGS,ITS,etc.Often
timesthebuyeristheonetoassignthetestinglab.Sometimestheretailer
(buyer)willsubmitthegarmentsfortesting.However,oftenthebuyerwill
requirethatthesuppliersubmitsthefabricandgarmentsdirectlytothe
testinglaboratoryandthenprovidethemwithcopiesofthetestresults.
Testingwillbedonepriortoproductionandafterfinalproductionis
complete.Manyretailerswillalsodosurprisetestingongarmentsafter
theyarriveintothestores.Thistechniqueisusedtodiscouragesuppliers
fromsubmittinggarmentsfortestingthatarenotactuallythesamequality
asfinalproduction.
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
27
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
28
Responsibilities of sampling department
1. Getting clarifications about style details from
merchandiser.
2. Checking patterns workability.
3. Preparation of different samples and getting the
buyers approval.
4. Informing quality related problems, encountered
during preparing samples, to QC.
5. Minimizing operations and consumption.
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
29
Types of sample prepared
Friday, December 11, 2
015
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
30
Source: http://www.textiletoday.com.bd/magazine/609
Types of sample prepared
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
31
Source: http://www.textiletoday.com.bd/magazine/609
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
32
Sewing process flow
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
33
Sewing department
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
34
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
35
Sewing department
Production system: Make through system
It is the traditional method of manufacture in which an operator
makes right through one garment at a time.
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
36
Sewing department
Production system: Conventional bundle
system
1. Sewing machines are arranged in lines.
2. The work flows from the central (store) area to
the first machine, from the first machine back to
the store, and then on to the next machine, and
so forth.
3. A distributor stationed at the store is responsible
for receiving and dispatching the work.
4. The work in progress is in the form of bundles.
5. These bundles may be put on to a tray, a box, or
a bag, or the garment parts may be wrapped and
tied.
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
37
Sewing department
Production system: Clump system
1. A worker collects a clump of materials
from the worktable and carries out the
first operation.
2. After he has completed his part of the
work, he returns it to the table.
3. A worker for the second operation
then continues the work and so on.
4. The process is ' collection - work
-return'
continues
until
the
whole
garment has been assembled.
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
38
Sewing department
Production
system:
Progressive
bundle system
1. Sewing operations are laid out in sequence.
2. Each operator receives a bundle, does his
work, reties the bundle and passes it to the
next operator.
3. There is a storage facility such as rack, bin
or table for storing the inter-process work
between each operation.
4. The work is routed by means of tickets.
5. This system is the most widely used system
in the garment industry today. It is used in
shirt
factories,
jeans
factories,
jacket
factories, etc.
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
39
Sewing department
Production system: Flexible flow system
1. A section of sewing operators, each with a supply
of work in a rack at the side, work at an
engineered work place.
2. The machines are laid out in such a way that a
flow of work can be planned using the correct
number of operators in sequence.
3. For style A garments, the work distributed after
operation
operators
can
be
distributed
performing
to
operation
the
two
2.
On
completion, the work from both workers is then
sent to operator 3. After operation 3, the work is
continued
by
the
two
operators
performing
operation 4 and so on.
4. When a new style is to be loaded on to the
system, the number of operators needed for each
operation must be planned in detail to ensure a
balanced output.
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
40
Sewing department
Production system: Straight line system
1. The manufacturing process is broken down
into several operations, which take the same
time to complete.
2. Groups of operators are required to handle
only individual garments.
3. The garment parts pass from one operator to
the
next,
completely
until
made
the
up
garment
by
one
has
been
group
of
operators.
4. The central distribution unit may be a fixed
table or a a conveyor belt (its speed will be
set to suit the cycle time).
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
41
Sewing department
Production system: Synchro flow
system
1. Garment parts of the same size and
color are processed separately.
2. Different
garment
processed
parts
simultaneously
can
be
for
assembling.
3. At the same time, collars, sleeves, cuffs,
pockets, etc., from other lines also go
down a central line.
4. The different garment parts are then
processed together to form completed
garments.
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
42
Sewing department
Production system: Unit production system
A unit production system (UPS) is a computer-controlled production line.
It is a type of line layout that uses an overhead transport system to
move individual units from work-station to work station for assembly.
All the parts for a single garment are advanced through the production
line together by means of a hanging carrier that travels along an
overhead conveyor.
Production operations are completed without removing the parts from
the carrier.
Automated
materials
handling
replaces
the
traditional
system
of
bundling, tying and untying, and manually moving garment parts.
Electronic data can be collected from workstations, which provides
payroll and inventory data, immediate tracking of styles, and costing
and performance data for prompt decision.
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
43
Sewing department
Production
system:
Modular
manufacturing system
1. Modular
manufacturing
groups
operators into teams, or modules.
2. The team works on one/a few garment
at
time
instead
of a
bundle
of
garments.
3. The
operators
stations
and
machines
familiar
as
with
stand
/sit
rotate
to
different
work,
becoming
they
multiple
at
their
steps
in
producing the garment.
Friday, December 11, 20
15
MAJOR SIVA
SSMPC
44
