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Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi was an influential leader born in 1869 in India who advocated for non-violent civil disobedience. He developed a philosophy of education focused on holistic development through practical learning activities. His educational ideas were shaped by his experiences at Tolstoy Farm in South Africa. Gandhi's philosophy emphasized spiritual development, moral character, and making education accessible to all. He proposed a craft-centered curriculum taught through the local language that prepared students for self-supporting vocations. While criticized for neglecting some subjects, Gandhi's educational philosophy aimed to suit India's needs through a natural, idealistic, and pragmatic approach.

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7K views17 pages

Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi was an influential leader born in 1869 in India who advocated for non-violent civil disobedience. He developed a philosophy of education focused on holistic development through practical learning activities. His educational ideas were shaped by his experiences at Tolstoy Farm in South Africa. Gandhi's philosophy emphasized spiritual development, moral character, and making education accessible to all. He proposed a craft-centered curriculum taught through the local language that prepared students for self-supporting vocations. While criticized for neglecting some subjects, Gandhi's educational philosophy aimed to suit India's needs through a natural, idealistic, and pragmatic approach.

Uploaded by

Sheela Philip
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Mahatma Gandhi

1869-1948
Life Sketch
 Born on October 2, 1869 at Porbandar

 Went to England to study

 Worked in South Africa, 20 years

 Experience at Tolstoy farm, Transval shaped his

educational ideas
Life Sketch

1914 Leadership of the Indian National


struggle
Jan 30, 1948 Assassinated
Philosophy of Life
 Absolute supremacy and oneness of God

 God is truth and truth is God.

 Ahimsa

 All religions have an essential unity (riteousness is the

highest religion)

 Material possessions not an end in itself


Philosophy of Education
Concept of Education
 All-round development, drawing out the best… body,

mind and spirit. Education spans life of a person


Philosophy of Education
Aims of Education
Ultimate Aim:
Self realization- Knowledge of truth and God leading to a merger of finite selves into the infinite self.

Immediate Aims
Synthesis of individual and social aims

Bread and Butter Aim


… self supporting
Philosophy of Education
Aims of Education
Cultural Aim
Knowledge of Indian culture

All round development


Cultivation of the 3 H’s (head, hand and heart)

Moral Aim
Acquisition of knowledge… building up of character
Curriculum
Craft Centered

Subjects Craft, language (mother tongue/


hindustani), arithmetic, social studies,
general science, fine arts, music

Girls: Domestic help


Methods of Teaching
 Based on activity, experience and correlation.

 Basic craft at focal point

 Mother tongue: medium of instruction

 “Foreign Languages have made our children

foreigners in their own land”


Role of Teacher
Should satisfy need for:
 Affection
 Self respect
 Activity

Teacher should possess:


 Knowledge
 Skill
 Patriotism
 Spirit of non violence

“Woe to the teacher who teaches one thing with the lips
and carries another in the heart”
Textbooks
 Required more by teachers than by students

 Children to listen to the teacher than read books


Discipline
 Craft centered education, focuses on social discipline.

 Real freedom through self discipline and self control

 Should reflect purity and non violence


Education for Women
 Should have the same facilities as men. Special facilities if

necessary
Special Contributions
 Basic education or Nai Talim
 Also known as craft centered education
 Gained National approval in 1937 at Wardha

Features:
1. Free and compulsory education for 7 years (from age of 7 to
14)
2. Education is imparted through a craft
3. Active correlation between craft and other subjects
4. Stress on planning, ,cooperation and individual responsibility
5. Co-education initially
6. Prepares child for a vocation
7. Self supporting
An Estimate: Positive
1. NATURALIST: paid attention to child’s individual needs
and interests

2. PRAGMATIST: Imparted learning through activities

3. IDEALIST: Stressed on character, morality and harmony

4. FREE AND COMPULSORY EDUCATION

5. CRAFT CENTERED EDUCATION

6. BASIC EDUCATION: self supporting

7. Dignity of Labour
Drawbacks
 Neglects role of textbooks

 English

 International Perspective

 Impossible to correlate everything with craft

 Stress on self sufficiency could lead to exploitation


Conclusions
“Gandhiji’s Philosophy of education is

 naturalistic in its setting


 Idealistic in its aim and
 Pragmatic in its method

All these tendencies fuse into a unity, giving rise to a theory


of education which would suit the need of the day and
satisfy the loftiest aspiration of the human soul.”

Dr. S.M. Patel

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