MODERN/INTERNATIONAL STYLE
ARCHITECTURE
Mirrors early 20th century development visual arts
Arts and Crafts, Art Nouveau, de Stijl, Bauhaus
Merging of Aesthetics with functionality
Louis Sullivan, Walter Gropius
Mass produced materials, economical, functional, efficient
society, urban center
International Style:
Volume
Regularity
Avoid Decoration
Gropius, Bauhaus Headquarters, Dessau,
Germany, 1919-25
Est. 1919-33
Weimar
Walter Gropius
Hannes Meyer,
Ludwig Mies van
der Rohe, Lazlo
Moholy-Nagy
Functional, cheap,
mass produced
Utopia
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Fank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959), Guggenheim
Museum, New York, NY, 1959
Early Work
Prairie Style,
Organic
architecture,
Revival of past,
Year of death
Spiral (100)
Unified
Purity
Movement
Competes with/
enhances artwork
Sculpture
Wright, Guggenheim Museum Interior
Resemblance to
forms in nature
Organic
Experience
Defies/Mimics
regularity of Intl
style
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Le Corbusier (1887-1965), Notre Dame du Haut,
Ronchamps, France, 1950-55
Charles-Edouard
Jeanneret
Bauhaus inspired
Sculptural Style
Hadrians Villa
Emphasis on Design
Steel beams & mesh
Destination for
Pilgrims
Praying hands (32
peak)
Dove
Outdoor altar
Interior
Le Corbusier, Villa Savoye, Poissy, France, 1928-30
Steel beams & mesh
Horizontal & Vertical
Five Points of a New
Architecture:
Freestanding pilotis
Open plan
Horizontal window
Free faade
Roof garden
Piet Mondrian, Composition, 1931
Villa Savoye details
Mies van der Roe (1886-1969) & Phillip Johnson
(1906-2005), Seagram Building, New York, 1958
German
Less is More
New York Buildings
Lake Shore Drive Apts.
United Nations Bldg.
Successful relationship of
parts of each and the whole
Skeletal, bronze and Amber
windows, set away from
street, on stilts,
weightless/sturdy
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Jorn Utzon, Sydney Opera House, Sydney Australia, 1972
Reinforced
concrete
Free form
system
Shells,
Orange peels
222 ft (peak)
F.L. Wright
Sculpture
Rhythm
Moshe Safdie (1938-), Habitat, Montreal, 1967
PrePostmodern
Cliffs,
Legos,
Building
Blocks
Open-air
living
158
apartments
Cantilever
Safdie, Habitat, view from below
Safdie,
Habitat,
67
Richard Meier (1934-), Douglas House, Harbor
Springs, MI, 1971-3
New York School (5)
Eisenman, Hejduk,
Graves,
Gwathmey
Wealthy clients
Neo-Corbusian
Purist, De Stijl
Highlights &
Contrasts with
environment
Has its own
presence
Meier, Douglas House, 1971-3
Dynamic interplay of lines
Purified open space
Meier, Jubilee Church, Rome, Italy, 1998-2003
Late 19th Early 20th c.
Women in Architecture
Obstacles
Social
standards
Emphasis on
engineering
and math
Julia Morgan
Hearst Castle,
1922-1939
Eileen Gray
E1027, 1924
