TVBS

Tuthill Vacuum and Blowers Systems

India Dealers Training Programme
29-31st August 2007
Venue: Hotel Tunga International,
Mumbai
Organized By: Economy Refrigeration Ltd; TVBS India
Distributor
Tuthill Corporation India Liaison Office

FACILITY AND CAPABILITY

TUTHILL VACUUM AND BLOWER SYSTEMS (formally Kinney Vacuum
Division and M-D Pneumatics Division and M-D Precision Products
Division) of TUTHILL CORPORATION has been a major manufacturer of
rotary piston vacuum pumps, and positive displacement blowers for
industry for more than forty-five years.
Tuthill Corporation is a privately held company headquartered in Burr
Ridge, Illinois with seven groups worldwide engaged in the manufacture
and distribution of industrial products such as suspensions, Transfer
systems, coupling and control mechanisms. Tuthill is financially sound.
Tuthill Vacuum and Blower Systems largest facilities are located on 17
acres near Interstate adjacent to the regional airport in Springfield,
Missouri. This area has goo raw material supply including casting
foundries and non-union workforce with strong work ethic. The
Springfield facilities are 135000 square feet. The office includes sales
support personnel, engineering with CAD/CAM, and a state of art
integrated business system.
State of art manufacturing equipment includes numerous CNC
machining centers, CNC lathes, Special milling machines, boring and
drilling machinery, planers grinders, dynamic balancers, CMM machines
and test cells. Also the group has gear making, metal hardening,
cleaning and coating capabilities, as well as volume assembly. These
facilities are ISO 9001 registered for quality standards and has an
outstanding on-time delivery record.

Other Tuthill Vacuum & Blower facilities includes:

A blower facility in Quilmes, Argentina (near Buenos Aires), Atlantic
Fluidics which is a liquid ring vacuum pump facility in Norwalk,
Connecticut, a vacuum pump assembler and repair facility in
Heywood, England(near Manchester), and a vacuum pump repair
facility in Canton, Massachusetts.
Tuthill Vacuum Blowers and System is a 50% owner in joint venture
(JV) in the Peoples Republic of China (RPC). One of the JVs produce a
line of blowers and the other JV produces a line of piston pumps, liquid
ring pumps and vacuum boosters.
Our vacuum pumps and pressure blowers can provide vacuum as low
as 2 micron to pressure up to 100 psi. thousands of vacuum, air and
gas application exits. Customized options and systems are available.
Our products are marketed in all major countries by a network of
independent representative, distributors, and direct field sales force.
International business coordination is provided by company offices in
Brussels, Belgium, China, Miami, Florida and Melbourne Australia.

VACUUM IS ACHIEVED BY
PUMPING GAS OUT OF A VESSEL.
Range of Vacuum:
1. Low & (Medium) Vacuum: The no of
molecules of the gas phase is large compared
to that covering the surfaces. Thus in this
range the pumping speed is directed towards
rarefying the existing gas phase.
Range: 760 mm of Hg to 10 mm of Hg.

VACUUM PUMPS
Positive Displacement Vacuum Pump
Pump
Reciprocating
Rotary
Diaphragm
Piston

Kinetic Vacuum
Ejector

Liquid Ring
Liquid-Jet
Sliding-Vane-Rotary
Gas-Jet
Rotary Piston
Vapour-Jet
Rotary-Plunger
Roots Pump

Type Of Pumps

Vacuum Pumps Range

Diaphragm Pump

Liquid Ring Pump, Jet Pump & Gas Pump

Rotary Vane /Piston Pumps

Screw type Dry vacuum pump

Vapour Jet pump

Roots Pump

10 10 10 1 10
10
Absolute- Pressure Range

10

PRESSURE

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE = The Pressure of the

Prevailing Atmosphere
ABSOLUTE PRESSURE
= The pressure Measured
from
Absolute Zero
VACUUM
= BAROMETRIC PRESSURE
minus ABSOLUTE PRESSURE
(usually referred to a 30 Hg,
1013
or 760 torr barometer.
GAUGE PRESSURE
= ABUSOLUTE PRESSURE
minus
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE
(usually referred to a 14% psi
atmospheric pressure) 1013
mbar (760 torr)

PRESSURE

Any Pressure Above Atmospheric

Gauge Pressure
Atmospheric Pressure

Level of Vacuum
Any pressure below
atmospheric

Absolute Pressure
Barometric + Gauge
Barometric Pressure

Absolute Pressure
Absolute Zero Pressure

VACUUM TERMINOLOGY
PRESSURE: Pressure is defined as force applied on a surface.
1 Torr is that gas pressure which is able to raise a column of mercury by 1 mm
at 0 deg C.
Standard atmospheric pressure: 760 Torr or 760 mm of Hg.
Total Pressure: Total pressure in a vessel is the sum of the partial pressure for all the
gases and vapors within the vessel.
Partial Pressure: Partial pressure of certain gas or vapor is the pressure which that
gas or vapor will exert it alone were present in the vessel.
Vapour Pressure: Partial pressure of those vapours which can be liquefied at Liquid
Nitrogen temperature.

VACUUM TERMINOLOGY
Ultimate Pressure: The lowest pressure which can be achieved by a vacuum
pump under no load condition (blank off condition)
It depends on

Vapor pressure of the oil used

Leak tightness of the pump.

When connected to load, ultimate vacuum achievable depends up on

Air leak rate of the vessel

Vapor released from the walls of the vessel

Cleanliness of the vessel.

Pipe dimensions

UNITS IN VACUUM
Commonly used terms are:
Torr, Mbar, mm of Hg, Pascal.
Other terms are:
mm of water, atmosphere, micron etc.
1 mm of Hg = 1 Torr = 1.33 mbar = 1000 micron
1 Atm = 760 torr = 1013 mbar = 1.013 bar
1 micron = 0.001 torr or 0.001 mm of Hg
1 mbar= 0.75 torr
1 torr = 1.33 mbar
1 torr = 1000 micron

MEASURING
INSTRUMENTS

For measuring rough vacuum:

Range

Bourdon type dial gauge

0-760 mm of Hg

Liquid Manometer
0-760 mm of Hg

Diaphragm gauge
0-760 mm of Hg

Total pressure gauge (electronic type)

0-760 mm of Hg
For measuring medium & high vacuum:

McLeod gauge
10-10-3 mm of Hg

Capacitance manometer
100-10-1 mm of Hg

Thermocouple
1-10-3 mm of Hg

Pirani
1000-10-3mm of Hg
For measuring Ultra High Vacuum:

Penning, magnetron
10-3-10-6mm of Hg

Ion gauge (cold cathode, hot cathode)

10-3-10-8mm of Hg

MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

Generally, the dial gauges are classified in to two types.

1.
Absolute dial gauge
2.
Compound gauge.

In the normal compound dial gauge, the needle at atmospheric pressure will
show 0 Full vacuum is indicated by needle showing at 760
In the absolute dial gauge, at atmospheric pressure the needle will be
showing 760 and the full vacuum 0
The atmospheric pressure reading display is depends on altitude. Hence the
dial gauges have to be calibrated using a Barometer.

MEASURING
INSTRUMENTS

760
Absolute Gauge

0
Normal Gauge

Pressure Conversion Table

Barometric reading at Different Altitudes

Vacuum
Altitude (Feet)
Inches of Hg
Sea Level
29.92
760
500
29.38
746
1000
28.86
733
1500
28.33
719
2000
27.82
707
3000
26.81
681
4000
25.84
656
5000
24.84
630
6000
23.98
609
7000
22.2
564
8000
20.6
523
10000
14.6
370

mm of Hg

Vapour Pressure of Water

MEASURING
INSTRUMENTS
Thermocouple Gauge
Filament is heated electrically & its temp is measured directly by means of a thermocouple.
As the temp of the thermocouple changes due to change in pressure, which produces a
change in the voltage the current resulting is measured as pressure.
Features: It has a simple electrical circuitry & hence compact in size
Disadvantage: Highly non linear scale

Pirani gauge

MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

It measures pressure by measuring electrical resistance. The

resistance of most metals increases with temperature. Temp
depends on pressure. Wires having large temp coefficient of
resistance are used as pressure sensing element.
Features: Rapid response to changes in pressure
Disadvantage: Not suitable for handling solvent vapours, as
change in surface of the filament, its resistance changes.

Pump Sizing & selection

1.Operating pressure
2.The pump down time
3.Volume of the system
4.The gas load
5.The vacuum Manifold Size Length,
Diameter
6.Economic Priorities
7. Utilizations of the existing equipment
8. Process Recovery
9. Operating Cost
10. Capital Investment

SIZING OF
PUMPS
SIZING OF PUMPS
( for leak tight system)

S= K.2.3V/t
log(P1/P2)

S--effective pumping speed of the pump (m/hr)

V--volume(total) of the system to be evacuated (m)
T--time for evacuation (hr)
P1--initial pressure (760 mm of Hg)
P2--final pressure required in system
K pump down or service factor
Pressure Region Service/Pump
(mm of Hg)
down factor
760-100
1.00
100-10
1.25
10-1
1.5
1-0.1
4
0.1-0.01
5
0.01-0.001
6

FOR NON-CONDENSIBLES
Sthrough put=

Air leakage /Vapour load kg/hr

Molecular Weight

t= temperature at pump suction

P=final pressure required

273
760
+t
M/hr
22.4
X
X
X
273
P

Average Molecular Weight Calculation

Qty of Air Leakage V1 =
Air Mol.Wt
M1 =
Qty of Vapours
V2 =
Vapour Mol Wt
M2 =

Kg/hr
Kg/hr
Kg/hr
Kg/hr

Average Molecular Weight = M1X1 + M2 X2

V1
M1
X1 =
V1
M1

V2
M2

V2
M2

V2
M2
X2 =
V1
M1

Air Equivalent Molecular Weight

1. Vapour Load
=
Kg/hr
2.Mol.wt of Vapour
=
X
3.Rate of Air Leakage
=
Y Kg/hr
4.Molecular Weight of Air =
29
5.Ambient Temp
= 273 + t
6.Final Temp(Temp at Pump Suction)= 273 + T
Vapour Air Equivalent Load = kg/hr x 29 x 273 + T
X
273 + t
For Air = Y Kg/hr x 273 + T
273 + t
Calculation of Vacuum Reservoir Tank
P1V1 = P2V2
P1 = Initial Pressure = 760
V1 = System Volume to be evacuated = 10 lit
P2 = Pressure to be achieved in the system = 50 Torr
V2 = Volume of the Reservoir for accommodating the expanded
volume under vacuum .
V2 = P1V1 = 760 x 10
P2
50
= 152 lits

Leak Rate Calculation

Q=V. dp/ dt mm Hg lit/sec

System
under
Evacuation

Isolation
Valve
Vacuum
Pump

system volume
Dp = P1 P2

dt = t1 t2

P1 Initial
Pressure
P2 Final
Pressure
t1 Initial
Pressure
t2 Final Pressure

Conversion factor:

mm of Hg lit/sec = 0.0057 kg/hr. air at 20 C

Liquid Ring
Vacuum pump

Kinney

Liquid
Ring
PumpRing
KLRC
Liquid
Sectional Representation
of Liquid Ring Pump
Pump

Kinney

KLRC Liquid Ring

Sectional Representation of Liquid Ring Pump
Pump

Impelle
r Blade

Suctio
n Port
Center
Void

Discharg
e Port
Liquid
Ring

Compresse
d Gas

Kinney

KLRC Liquid Ring

Two Stage Pump Pump

Kinney

KLRC Liquid Ring

Two
Stage Pump
Pump
Discharg
Inlet
e

Centered
Anchored Tie
Rods

Impellers

Mechani
cal Seals

Kinney

KLRC Liquid Ring

Liquid Ring Pump Pump

Kinney

KLRC Liquid Ring

Pump
Advantages of Liquid
Ring Pumps

3
4

Direct contact Condenser

--- Eliminates the need of supplementary condensing
equipment
Insensitivity of Contamination
--- Compatibility with sealing fluid and special material of
construction
Solvent Recovery
--- Use of fluid compactable with process gases
Ease of Installation and Maintenance
--- No Rubbing Surfaces to Wear
Selection of MOC Eliminates Corrosion
Economy
--- First cost and operating Costs are low in relation to other
type of vacuum devices

Kinney

KLRC Liquid Ring

Pump SizingPump
And Selction

The Operating Pressure

a. Normal operating range of single stage pump is from
atmosphere to 1000 torr
b. Two stage pump should be considered below 100-40 torr
range
c. Below this pressure range staging with booster pump or
ejector should be considered
The Gas Load
Consider Condensable and non-condensable
Economy
a. First Cost : selection of MOC
b. Process Recovery: non-contamination of air and water
c. Operating Cost: Utility required electricity and water.

Kinney

KLRC Liquid Ring

Pump
Sealant System
Selection
Important Factors To Be Considered

1.
2.
3.
4.

Operating pressure is affected by sealant temperature,

flow rate
specific heat, density and viscosity
The gas Load : Selection of sealant and sealant system.
Economic Properties: Solvent recovery or water
conservation.
Operating Costs: Horse power and Water Costs

Types Of systems
5. Once through : No recovery
6. Partial sealant recovery
7. Total Sealant recovery
1. Conventional recirculation.
2. Zero flow emission (cooled gas discharge) System.

Kinney

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

KLRC Liquid Ring

Properties Pump
of Sealants

Vapour Pressure
It should be as low as possible
Specific heat
It should be high
Specific gravity
It should be in the range of 0.6 to 2
Viscosity
It should be low, max up to 70 centipoise
Chemical Characteristics
It should be compatible with gas being handled and selection
of material of Construction.

Kinney

KLRC Liquid Ring

Pump
Sealant Flow
Rates

Depends On
1. Type of sealant system used.
2. Size of Pump.
3. Allowable temperature rise through pump
Sealant Temperature
Affects the pumping capacity of the pump.
Pressure
Gauge
Liquid Inlet
Globe
Valve

Sealant Flow Control

P

Orifice Union
For Once Through
Partial Recovery
System

Kinney

KLRC Liquid Ring

Capacity Correction
PumpFactors

Kinney

KLRC Liquid Ring

Effect Of Saturated Vapours on Pump
Pump
Capacity

Kinney

KLRC Liquid Ring

Corrected Capacity
Calculation
Pump

Sealant : Chloroprene
Tin = 35 F
Pin = 160 Torr
Calculate Capacity Factor (CF) for Chloroprene sealant:
CF= (P in P vc) / (P in P vw)
Where
P in = Suction pressure of the pump
P vc = Vapour pressure of Chloroprene at sealant temperature
P vw = Vapour pressure of water at inlet temperature plus rise
across 1st stage(assume 5 F)
In order to determine P vc, calculate temperature of sealant after
first stage impeller (Tc)

Kinney

KLRC Liquid Ring

For Chloroprene:
Pump
SG = 0.98

Cp = 0.297 Btu/lb-F
Tc = T in + T = T in + 5/ (SG)(Cp) = (35 +
(5(0.98)(0.297))
Tc = 52 F
For Chloroprene at 52 F, P vc = 133 torr, therefore:
CF = (P in P vc) / (P in P vw) = (160-133) / (16015.8)
CF = 0.19
So, for a model KLRC 75 (cast iron)
S(actual) = S@60 F x CF = (74
acfm

acfm)

x (0.19) = 14.25

Kinney

KLRC Liquid Ring

Pump
Sealant Recovery
System

Kinney

KLRC Liquid Ring

Pump
Partial Recirculation
System

Kinney

KLRC Partial Sealant

Recovery System
Air
Ejector*

Ball
Valve

Check
Valve*

YStrainer

Vacuum
Gauge*

Check
Valve

Flow
Contr
ol

Kinney

KLRC Liquid Ring

Pump
Total Recirculation
System

Kinney

KLRC Full Sealant

Recovery System

Vacuum
Gauge*
Check
Valve*

Separator
Tank
Level
Gauge*
Circulation
Pump*

Temperatu
re Gauge

Y-Strainer
Heat
Exchange
r

Kinney

KLRC Liquid Ring

Pump
Total Recirculation
System

Kinney

KLRC Liquid Ring

Pump
Example Of Total
Vapour Content
In Discharge Gas StreamRecirculation
Conventional Type
System

Kinney

KLRC Liquid Ring

Pump
Example Of Vapour Content In Discharge Gas Stream
Total Recirculation
System

Kinney

How It Works

KLRC Liquid Ring

Pump
Total Recirculation
System

Kinney

KLRC Liquid Ring Pump

1.

Recirculation Benefits &

Heat Exchangerfeatures
Mounted Before Separator
Maximum condensation of process vapours, giving reduced
vapour content in cooled gas discharge

2. Vertically Mounted Heat Exchanger

Eliminates blockage ensuring efficient operation of both heat
exchanger and consequently the liquid ring pump

3. Large capacity Storage Tank

Enable collection and retention of large quantities of
condensed vapours, which can the be reused or deposited of.

4. Short, Uninterrupted Seal Liquid Path From

Tank Pump
Gives minimum pressure drop, therefore

Kinney

KLRC Liquid ring Pump

Models
KLRC-40
KLRC-75
KLRC-100
KLRC-125
KLRC-200
KLRC-300
KLRC-525
KLRC-526

40
75
100
125
200
300
525
432

cfm
cfm
cfm
cfm
cfm
cfm
cfm
cfm

Kinney

KLRC Liquid Ring

Pump Accessories
Inlet Vacuum Gauge
Inlet Vacuum Relief Valve
Inlet Check Valve
Flex Connector
Inlet Shut-off Valve
Inlet Air Ejector

Kinney

KLRC Liquid Ring

Pump Specifications

Kinney

KLRC Liquid ring Pump

Performance Curves

600
KLRC-525K

500

PUMPING SPEED ACFM

KLRC-526K

400

KLRC-300K
300

KLRC-200K

200

KLRC-125K
KLRC-100K

100

KLRC-75K
KLRC-40K

0
10

100

PRESSURE IN TORR

1000

Kinney

KLRC LIQUID Ring

Pump Standard
Bronze Features
Impellers
Impellers Positively
Locked on Shaft
Cast Iron Casing
Center Anchored Tie
Rods
No Gaskets
John Crane Type 21
Seals

Kinney

KLRC Liquid Ring

Pump Sample
Applications
Casting, Molding,
Evacuation

Forming
Chucking
Cooling & Chilling
Dearation/Degasificati
on
Dehydration
Deodorization
Distillation

Evisceration
Filling
Filtration
Freeze Drying
Impregnation
Packaging & Sealing
Vacuum Cooking

atlantic fluidics

atlantic
fluidics

Liquid Ring
Pumps

atlantic
fluidics

Overview

The atlantic fluidics line of

liquid ring pumps feature a
compact, rugged design;
enabling the user to benefit
from the highest vacuum
and the most liquid handling
of any comparable liquid
ring pump.

atlantic
fluidics

Fluid- Vac
Technology

All Atlantic Fluidics pumps feature the Fluid-Vac axial flow

technology.
This design directs the gas along the shaft axis, (and not at
a right angle) which generates an almost constant torque
across the vacuum range.

The shrouded rotor does not leave any

blades exposed and allows the pump
to start flooded.
The axial flow also enables the
Atlantic Fluidics pump to ingest more
liquids than any comparable pump.

atlantic
fluidics

Fluid- Vac
Advantages
Mechanical seal
Shrouded
Rotor
O-ring
seal

Port
Cylinder

atlantic
fluidics

Fluid- Vac
Pump Cutaway

atlantic
fluidics

Fluid- Vac
Rotor

Fluid-Vac
double shrouded rotor

Open blade impeller

atlantic
fluidics

Fluid- Vac

Port Cylinder
Fluid-Vac port cylinder

Flat port plate

atlantic
fluidics

Fluid- Vac
Mechanical Seal Assembly
stainless steel
spring
rotary cartridge

carbon face

ceramic stationary
seat

atlantic
fluidics

Fluid- Vac
Advantages of Bronze

Non rusting
No special precautions
needed for shutdown
More forgiving should solid material
enter the pump
Good corrosion resistance

atlantic
fluidics

Fluid- Vac

Pumps
Bronze
Cast Iron
Ni-Resist
Stainless Steel

Motors
TEFC
Explosion Proof
Marine Duty
Mill & Chemical
High Efficiency

O-Rings & Mechanical

Seals
Buna
Teflon

Viton
Kalrez

EPR

atlantic
fluidics

Fluid- Vac
Features & Benefits

FEATURE
Fluid-Vac axial
flow technology
Close-coupled
Shrouded rotor
Can start flooded
O-ring seals

BENEFIT
Highest vacuum with
most liquid handling
No alignment problems
Blades are protected
Unlike other pump
designs
Gas tight, outlasts
gaskets

atlantic
fluidics

Fluid- Vac
Technology
Features & Benefits
FEATURE
BENEFIT

Flat power curve

Non-overloading across
vacuum range

High vacuum

Outperforms flat plate

design

Wide range of
materials
TEFC & XP motors
Easy to maintain

Bronze, cast iron, NiResist & stainless steel

3 & 1
Designed for in-the-field
repair

atlantic
fluidics

Fluid- Vac
Principle of
Operation

atlantic
fluidics

Fluid- Vac Models

A-Series
o
o

A5
10 cfm 1.0 HP
A10
15 cfm 1.5 HP
A15
22 cfm2.0 HP
A20 30 cfm 3.0 HP
A75 75 cfm 5.0 HP
A100 100 cfm 7.5 HP
A130 125 cfm 10 HP
A200 200 cfm 15 HP
A300 300 cfm 20 HP

atlantic
fluidics

Fluid- Vac Models

A-Series
The A-Series pumps are:
Single stage
Vacuum from 0 28 Hg
Capacity up to 300 CFM

atlantic
fluidics

Fluid- Vac Models

A-Series

atlantic
fluidics

Fluid- Vac Model

A-Series

C ap acity (C F M )

Model A75 - A130

140

A130

120

A100

100

A75

80
60
40
5

10

15

20

Vacuum (IN HG)

25

30

atlantic
fluidics

Fluid- Vac Models

A-Series

C a p a c ity (C F M )

Model A200 - A300

A300

300
250

A200

200
150
100
5

10

15

20

Vacuum (IN HG)

25

30

atlantic
fluidics

Fluid- Vac Model

T-Series
o

T0505 10 cfm 2 HP
T1505 20 cfm 3 HP
T2010 30 cfm 5 HP
T7530 75 cfm 7.5 HP
T10030 100 cfm 10 HP

atlantic
fluidics

Fluid- Vac Model

T-Series
The T-Series pumps are:
Two stage
Vacuum up to 29.3 Hg (15 Torr)
Capacity up to 100 CFM

atlantic
fluidics

Fluid- Vac Model

T-Series

C apacity (C FM )

Model T0505 - T2010

35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

T2010
T1505
T0505

27

27.5

28

28.5

Vacuum (IN HG)

29

29.5

atlantic
fluidics

Fluid- Vac Model

T-Series

C ap acity (C F M )

Model T7530 - T10030

100

T10030

80
T7530

60
40
20
27

27.5

28

28.5

Vacuum (IN HG)

29

29.5

atlantic
fluidics

Fluid- Vac Model

Pedestal Bare shaft

Useful alternative when a non-standard motor is

specified.
Non-standard pump materials, such as Alloy-20 &
Hastelloy are offered in the Pedestal version.

Allows customers to belt drive

the pump at a
higher or slower speed

atlantic
fluidics

Standard Systems
NSR, PSR & FSR

NSR (Once-Through Sealant)

Standard & Stainless Steel option

PSR (Partial Sealant Recovery)

Standard & Stainless Steel option

FSR (Full Sealant

Recovery)
Liquid-Cooled (Standard &
Stainless option)
Air-Cooled (Standard only)

atlantic
fluidics

Standard Systems
OSR

OSR (Oil Sealed)

Self contained package
No external sealant or cooling
required
Close-coupled compact design

atlantic
fluidics

Standard Systems
EWP

EWP (Water Sealed

Soil Remediation
Package)
Direct Feed or Knockout
Tank options
Oil-free discharge
XP and non-XP versions
available

atlantic
fluidics

Standard Systems
EOP

EOP (Oil Sealed

Soil
Remediation
Package)
Oil sealed selfcontained system
No fresh water
required
XP and non-XP
versions available

atlantic
fluidics

Standard Systems
CVP

CVP (Central Vacuum Package)

Simplex and Duplex available
Sealant is NSR (Once-Through)

atlantic
fluidics

Standard Systems
Booster / Liquid
Ring
Combination
Vacuum Booster & Liquid
Ring
5 standard models (with NSR)
Ideal for pressures 10 to 50 Torr
Peak capacities from 100 to 450 CFM
More cost effective than
steam jets, air ejectors or
high horsepower two stage
liquid ring pumps
Single electrical connection
(one motor drives both
pumps)

atlantic
fluidics

Standard Systems
LRC

LRC (Liquid Ring Compressor

Package)
Provides
clean,up
oil-free
Dischargecool,
pressure
to 20 air
psig
Sealant is NSR (Once-Through)
8 models available (15 300
CFM)

atlantic
fluidics

Successful
Applications

APPLICATION
Plastic Extrusion
(venting extruder)
Plastic Extrusion
(downstream
tanks)
Soil Remediation
Sterilizers

STRENGTH
Can handle water vapor
Can handle cooling
water without need for
separate transfer pump
Complete package with
proven reliability
Non-rusting all bronze
pump

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump

Dry Screw
Vacuum
Pumps

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump

An Introduction to Kinneys
Dry Screw pump range

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump

Kinney KDP Dry Screw Pumps

have screws with Archimedes &
Quimby Design Curves. The familiar
Archimedes Screw is a good model
to relate with the theory of operation
of the Kinney KDP Dry Pumps

Archimedes Screw for

a screw conveyor

Archmedes style
screws in a
Kinney KDP Dry
Screw Vacuum
Pump
Water Pump- Leonardo Da Vinci

Kinney

1. Screws
2. Mechanical
Seals
3. Timing Gears
4. Bearings
5. Bearings
6. Removable
Plates
7. Drive End

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Inlet
Pump
1 revolution
2 revolutions
4 revolutions

Exhaust

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump

Single Stage - Straight Through - Short

Path

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump
Screw Rotor & Single
Stage

Higher Volume Efficiency

Higher Compression Ratio
Improve Pumping Speed

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump
Bearing Holder

Exploded
View
Timing Gears
Front End Cover

Blind Plate
Variable Pitch
Screws

Front End Plate

Guide Plates

Casing

Grease Cover

Rear End Plate

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump

Screw Designs of Kinney Dry Screw Pump

Straight Pitch

Variable Pitch

KDP Series

SDV Series

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump
Screw Designs of Kinney Dry Screw Pump

Straight Pitch

KDP Series

Variable Pitch

SDV Series

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump

Cross Sectional View Of Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump
Why Choose Screw
Pumps
Screw

Roots + Hook and Claw

Multistage Roots
quick gas discharge,
minimal agitation of the process gas,

and
less potential to accumulate

particulate

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump

The SDV dry vacuum

pump is a single
stage , dry running,
non-contact,
variable pitch
screw type vacuum
pump.

NEW Patented

SDV variable
pitch screw
design

Older
technology
straight pitch
screw design

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump

The short gas path in the

SDV

dry screw type vacuum pump enables

quick gas discharge,

minimal agitation of the process gas, and
less potential to accumulate particulate
compared to hook and claw or
multiple Roots type dry pumping technology.

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump
Because the SDV has a variable
pitch screw design, the
compression process is more
efficient and the
pump runs cooler!

The following P-V diagrams can

best explain this.

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump
OLDER TECHNOLOGY
STRAIGHT PITCH SCREW
Energy Consumed

DELIVERY

P
P2
P dV

W=
P1

EXTERNAL
COMPRESSION

SUCTION

V
Since this is an open system the gas does not return to the original state.
External compression is inefficient and some energy input becomes
wasted heat, resulting in a higher discharge temperature.

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump
TUTHILL SDV DRY
VACUUM PUMP
EXTERNAL
COMPRESSION

DELIVERY

P
W=

P2

P dV

Energy
Savings

P1

Energy
Consumed
SUCTION

INTERNAL
COMPRESSION

Since this is an open system the gas does not return to the original state.
The SDV has a variable pitch screw and internal compression of the gas.

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump

The Kinney patented

SDV dry pump uses

LESS HORSEPOWER and

OPERATES COOLER
than older technology straight pitch dry
screw vacuum pumps!!

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump
Advantages of
the patented
SDV dry vacuum pump

Up to 30% lower power consumption

Lower pump discharge temperature
(over 200F lower on SDV800 at 0.01 Torr)
Double gas tight mechanical seals on discharge
end
High volumetric efficiency
High liquid tolerance (up to 5 GPM)

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump

Advantages of the patented

SDV dry vacuum pump
Short gas path through the pump
Low vibration & low noise level
C-flange motor mounting on most models
Pump can be cleaned in place
Minimal maintenance

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump

Why

non-coated
internals?

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump

Many dry screw pump manufacturers

have chosen to offer a coating on

the pump rotors and housing as standard.

They claim the coating provides
improved corrosion protection
for the pump.

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump

Tuthill also offers coatings

on their SDV dry screw vacuum pumps,

but only as an option.
Our experience has shown basic
problems with PTFE or PFA coated
screw type dry vacuum pumps.

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump

Problems with PTFE or PFA coated

screw type dry vacuum pumps
Coatings are thin & porous, providing
little corrosion protection to the
pump rotors and housing

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump

Problems with PTFE or PFA coated

screw type dry vacuum pumps.
Coatings have limited life
Loss of coating increases pump
clearances
Increased pump clearance limits
pump ultimate pressure rating

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

When a coating isPump
absolutely

required, Tuthill recommends

a two part coating

1st: Ni 0.015 to 0.020mm,

2nd: PFA 0.025 to 0.035mm

In this coating option even if the top PFA

coating wears away, the Nickel plating will
provide protection from corrosive chemicals

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump
Benefits of Kinney Dry Screw Pump
Single stage
Screw Type

Pumping Speed

0.1

Multi stage
Roots+Claw Type
0.1

1
10
Pressure[Torr]

100

1
10
Pressure[Torr]

100

Pumping Speed

Pumping Speed

Multi stage
Roots Type
0.1

1
10
Pressure[Torr]

100

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump

Kinney KDP
Models

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump
Kinney SDV

Models

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump

Reduced Footprint of SDV Model

KDP-330

SDV-320

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Comparison with
Oil Rotary
Pump
Vacuum Pump System

OIL ROTARY V/P SYSTEM

1. Initial vacuum is good, but vacuum varies

on process

DRY TYPE VACUUM PUMP SYSTEM

1. Dry type vacuum pump (constant vacuum)

2. Suitable for compressed vapor or moisture

2. Condensed vapor and moisture emulsify

with vacuum oil & cause process unstable
3. Vane or piston's abrasion is high
Maintenance is difficult

3. No need for oil changed (but, oil in bearing

should be changed every 3-6 months)
4. No contact between rotor & casing-No
water

4. Frequent vacuum oil change

5. Limit on capacity. Only for small size

5. Suitable for any capacity from low

capacity to high one

6. Too much power consumption compare

with capacity

6. Save 1/21/5 of power consumption than

oil rotary vacuum pump of same size

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump
Comparison with
Water Sealed
Vacuum Pump System

WATER SEALED V/P SYSTEM

DRY TYPE VACUUM PUMP SYSTEM

1. Pressure varies with Cooling water temp.

(in summer)

1. Cooling water Temp have no effect

on vacuum

2. Noise & abrasion due to cavitations

(by using air ejector, cavitations is prevented
and vacuum efficiency will be improved)

2. No vacuum variation during summer time

temp. rise

3. Power & cooling water consumption is

higher than capacity
Waste water contamination problem
4. Capacity limit to low vacuum (20050Torr)
5. Power & investment cost will be much
bigger to make big capacity

3. Utility cost 1/21/10 than water sealed

Vacuum Pump
4. Suitable for high vacuum (10010-2Torr)
5. Compare with current systems, more cost
will be saved to be bigger capacities

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump
Comparison with Current Steam Booster

System
STEAM BOOSTER SYSTEM

DRY TYPE VACUUM PUMP SYSTEM

1. Too much utility cost (steam, cooling water)

1. Utility cost 1/101/15 of steam booster

2. Waste water & pollution problems by

using barometric condenser

2. Originally eliminate waste water problem

3. Cooling water temp. rises during summer

(in barometric condenser) result product
quality unstable
4. Need large space for installation compare
to capacity
5. Too much utility costs due to nozzle
abrasion for long time use

3. Keep constant vacuum and stabilize process

in spite of water temp. variation in summer
4. Small size compare to capacity could save
space
5. Easy maintenance
6. Simple operation due to system automation
7. Easy capacity control & good for high
capacity (5300 /min)

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump

Technical Support provided by Tuthill

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump

Technical Support provided by Tuthill

Kinney

Dry Screw Vacuum

Pump

Kinney / Kowel Star Alliance Partnership

Not a badging Exercise

A genuine working partnership

Share design conceptions

Exchange Technical information and Drawings

Work together to find creative solutions

Exchange of Tuthill Products and Kowel Products

Very close and trusting relationship

Kinney

Rotary Piston Vacuum

Pumps

Rotary Piston
Vacuum
Pumps

Kinney

Rotary Piston Vacuum

Piston Pumps
Pumps
Theory of Operation
KS / KD / KDH Series
KC Series
KTC Series
KT Series
Applications
Competition Analysis

Kinney

Rotary Piston Vacuum

Pumps
Theory of operation

1. Gas
Enters Pump

4. Full
Expansion

2. Expanding
Cavity

3. Further
Expansion

Kinney

1. Initial
Compressio
n

2. Further
Compression

Rotary Piston Vacuum

Pumps
Theory of Operation
4. Full
Compressio
n

3. Discharge
Valve begins
to Open

Kinney

Rotary Piston Vacuum

Pumps

Simplex pump,
Model KS, single
piston

Duplex pump, Model,

KD, with two pistons
set 180 apart.

Compound Pump, Model KC, with two

pistons in series connected to oil
chamber between stages.

Kinney

Rotary Piston Vacuum

Pumps

3 Slide Pins

1 Shaft

3 Cams
3 Pistons

Kinney

Rotary Piston Vacuum

Pumps
KD/KDH Models
Duplex Piston Design

KDH130
shown

KD-30
KD-50
KDH-130

33 CFM
52 CFM
134 CFM

Duplex pump, Model, KD,

with two pistons set 180
apart.

Kinney

Oil Separator/
Oil Mist
Eliminator

Rotary Piston Vacuum

Pumps
Discharg
e Port
KD/KDH Models
Intake
Port

Oil Line
Solenoid
Oil
Piping
Motor
Base

Oil Sight
Glass
Oil Fill
Port
Oil Drain

Oil Drain
For
Separator

Gas
Ballast
Valve
Belt
Guard

Kinney

Rotary Piston Vacuum

Pumps
Discharge Port
Oil Fill
KD/KDH
Models
Oil Separator
Port (not

Cooling Water
(water outlet)

seen)
Oil Sight
Glass

Oil Line
Solenoid

Intake
Port

Oil
Piping
Motor

Gas
Ballast
Valve
Belt Guard
(not seen:
Pump sheave,
Motor Sheave,
V-Belt)

Base

Cooling Water (water inlet)

Kinney

Rotary Piston Vacuum

Pumps
KS/KD/KDH
Full pumping
speed HighFeatures
vapor handling

down to 1 Torr
Large oil passages
Rugged cast iron
construction
No metal to metal
contact
Durable, reliable
design

capability
KS & KD (OME
standard)
Greater oil capacity
than many competitive
pumps
Low maintenance
Slow rotational speed
Low oil temperatures

Kinney

Rotary Piston Vacuum

Pumps
KS/KD/KDH
Specifications

Specifications subject to change without notice.

Kinney

Rotary Piston Vacuum

Pumps
KS/KD/KDH Performance
Curves

140

KDH-130

PUMPING SPEED IN CFM

120

100

80

60

KD-50

40

KD-30
20

0
0.001

KS-15

0.01

0.1

PRESSURE IN TORR (MM HG ABS)

10

100

1000

Kinney

Rotary Piston Vacuum

Pumps
KS/KD/KDH Applications

Extruders
Radiator/Brake
Filling
Seal Oil Systems at
Power Stations
Ceramics
Vacuum Coating
Battery Drying

Explosives
Plastics
Transformer/Degass
ing Electrical
Insulating Oils
Plastics
Wiring
Manufacturing
Evaporators
Thermoforming

Kinney

Two stage Rotary Piston Vacuum

Pumps KC Model
Compound Piston Design

KC-2

2 CFM

KC-3

3 CFM

KC-5

5 CFM

KC-8

8 CFM

KC-15

15 CFM

Compound Pump, Model KC, with two pistons in

series connected to oil chamber between
stages.

Kinney

Two stage Rotary Piston Vacuum

Pumps KC Model
Discharge
Port

Intake
Port
Oil Fill
Ports

Bas
e

Oil
Drain
Ports

Oil Separator/
Oil Mist
Eliminator
Oil Sight
Glass
Gas
Ballast
Valve
Belt Guard
(not seen:
pump pulley,
motor pulley, vbelt & motor.)

Kinney

KC Model
Features

High pumping speed

at pressures below
100 microns
Large oil passages
Rugged cast iron
construction
No metal to metal
contact
Durable, reliable
design

High vapor handling

capability
OME standard
Greater oil capacity
than many competitor
pumps
Low maintenance
Excellent wear
resistance
Low oil temperatures

Kinney
KC Model
Specifications

Model

KC-2

KC-3

KC-5

KC-8

KC-15

Displacement at Rated RPM

cfm

15

Motor

HP

1/4

1/3

1/3

1/2

Pump Full Load

RPM

767

1150

638

1022

571

Oil Capacity
Operating Weight

Qt.
lbs
kg

0.5
60
27

0.5
65
29

0.8
115
52

0.8
120
54

3
210
95

Max Gas Ballast Flow

15

15

12

Typical Blank-off (5% Gas Ballast)

Torr

0.020

0.020

0.020

0.020

0.020

Ultimate Pressure

Microns

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

Typical Noise Level @ 10 Torr

dBA

68

68

75

78

75

Specifications subject to change without notice.

Kinney

KC Series
Performance Curves

14

KC-15

PUMPING SPEED IN CFM

12

10

KC-8
6

KC-5
4

KC-3
KC-2

0
0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

PRESSURE IN TORR (MM HG ABS)

10

100

1000

Kinney

KTC Models
Two stage Rotary Piston Vacuum
Pumps
Triplex Compound Piston Design

KTC-21

21 CFM

KTC-35

35 CFM

KTC-60

60 CFM

KTC-112

107 CFM

KTC-225

221 CFM

Kinney

Oil Fill
Port

KTC 21/35 Models

Two stage Rotary Piston Vacuum
Discharge
Pumps
Gas Ballast
Port
Valve

Oil Sight
Glass

Oil Drain
Valves

Oil Solenoid
Valves

Suction
Port
Moto
r

Oil
Piping

Kinney

Dischar
ge Port

Suction
Port

KTC 60/112/225 Models

Two stage Rotary Piston Vacuum
Motor
Pumps
Oil Fill
Ports

Oil
Sight
Glass

Gas
Ballast
Valve
Oil Line
Solenoi
d
Oil
Piping

Pump
Nameplat
e
Belt
Guard
Oil Drain
Valves

Kinney

KTC Models
Features

High pumping speed at

pressures below 100

microns
Large oil passages
Rugged cast iron
construction
No metal to metal
contact
Durable, reliable design
High vapor handling
capability

Unique triplex design

Low noise levels
Force fed oil lubrication

(KTC-112/KTC-225)
Caged slide pins
Reliable discharge valves
Excellent wear resistance
Low maintenance
Low oil temperatures

Kinney
KTC Models
Specifications

Model

KTC-21

KTC-35

KTC-60

KTC-112 KTC-225

Displacement at Rated RPM

Motor
Pump Full Load
Oil Capacity

cfm
HP
RPM
Qt.

21
1.5
1725
2

35
2
1150
5

60
3
972
8

107
7.5
1055
16

221
15
870
32

Cooling Water (min.)

Operating Weight

gpm
lbs
kg

A/C
170
77

A/C
355
161

A/C
515
234

1.5
765
347

3
1580
717

Max Gas Ballast Flow

Gas Ballast Pressure
Ultimate Pressure (McLeod Gauge)
Typical Noise Level @ 10 Torr

%
Torr
Torr
dBA

10
0.020
0.2
72

10
0.020
0.2
70

10
0.020
0.2
70

10
0.020
0.2
70

10
0.020
0.2
73

Specifications subject to change without notice.

Kinney

KTC Models
Performance Curves

Kinney

KC/KTC Models
Applications

Air Conditioning
Refrigeration
Brake Fluid Filling
Resin Degassing
Laboratory Ovens
Industrial Gas
Cylinders

Light Bulb
Evacuation
Semiconductor
Processing (CVD)
Crystal Growing
(Semiconductor)
Holding Pumps for
Diffusion Pumps

Kinney

KT Models
Two stage Rotary Piston Vacuum
Pumps
Triplex Piston Design

KT-150 150
CFM
KT- 300 300
CFM
KT-500 470
CFM
KT-850 780
CFM

Kinney

Oil
Separato
r
Pumpin
g
Chamb
er

KT Standard
Two stage Rotary Piston Vacuum
Pumps
Oil Fill
Plug
Outlet
Port
Intake
Port
(opposite
side)
Oil Circulation
Piping
Oil
Pump

Sight
Glass
Gas
Ballast
Oil
Drain

Kinney

KT Models
Cross Section

Kinney

KT Models
Features
High vapor handling

capability
Series 2000 models
to 1 Torr
integral OME
Quiet vibration-free
Unique triplex design
operation
Low noise levels
Compact footprint &
Force fed oil lubrication
simple installation
(most units)
Large oil passages
Caged slide pins
Rugged cast iron
Reliable discharge valves
construction
Excellent wear resistance
No metal to metal contact Low maintenance
Durable, reliable design
High pumping speed down

Kinney
KT Models
Specifications

Model
cfm
Displacement at Rated RPM
Motor
Pump Full Load
Oil Capacity
Cooling Water (min.)
@80F (27C)
Dry Weight (complete assy.)

m /hr
HP
KW
RPM
Gal
Liter
gpm
1/m
lbs
kg
cfm
3

KT-150

KT-300

KT-500

KT-850

150
255
7.5
5.6

300
505
15
11

470
800
30
22

780
1325
40
30

1055
6
23
1
4
800
364
11
18
2
3
0.010
0.013

870
10
38
1.5
6
1525
693
20
34
2
3
0.010
0.013

721
15
57
2.5
9
2700
1225
34
58
2
3
0.010
0.013

581
28
106
3.5
13
4400
1996
62
105
2
3
0.010
0.013

Max Gas Ballast Flow

m /hr
Typical Blank Off Presure
Torr
with 5% Gas Ballast
mBar
Ultimate Pressure
Torr
(McLeod Gauge)
mBar
Typical Noise Level
@
10 Torr
dBA
71
72
73
Specifications subject to change without notice.

75

Kinney

KT Models
Performance Curves

Kinney

KT Series 2000 Models

Triplex Piston Design

KT-170LP

94 CFM

KT-190LP

112 CFM

KT-275LP

162 CFM

KT-505LP

300 CFM

KT-840VFP

470 CFM

KT-1350VFP

780 CFM

Kinney
KT Low Profile

Pressure Gauge
Oil Sight
Glass

(indicates element
replacement)

Oil Fill

Oil
Temperature
Gauge
Oil Mist Eliminator
(contains 2 filter
elements)

Oil Line
Check
Valve

Discharge
Port

Compound
Gauge (oil line
pressure)

Gas Ballast
Valve (needle &

Cooling
Water
Inlet
Cooling
Water
Outlet

ball valve)

Motor
Junction
Box
Oil Pump
& Oil
Piping

Oil Drain
Valve

Kinney

KT Low Profile
Oil
Separat
or

Pump
Shea
ve

Moto
r

Intak
e
Port

Motor
Sheave &
Bushing
Moto
r
Base

Water Relief
Valve
(Cooling Jacket)

VBelt

Kinney
KT Low Profile Series
Specification

Model

KT-120LP KT-170LP
cfm

Displacement at Rated RPM

Motor
Pump Full Load
Oil Capacity
Cooling Water (min.)
@80F (27C)
Dry Weight (complete assy.)
Max Gas Ballast Flow
Typical Blank Off Presure
with 5% Gas Ballast
Ultimate Pressure
(McLeod Gauge)
Typical Noise Level
@ 10 Torr

KT-190LP

KT-275LP KT-505LP

KT-840

KT-1350

70
120
5
3.7

94
160
5
3.7

112
190
7.5
5.6

162
275
10
7.5

297
505
15
11

484
820
30
22

780
1325
40
30

m /hr
Torr
mBar
Torr
mBar

1750
1.75
6.5
1
4
385
175
5
9
2
3
0.010
0.013

1150
2.6
10
1
4
750
340
8
14
2
3
0.010
0.013

1360
2.6
10
1
4
780
354
8
14
2
3
0.010
0.013

1200
4.5
17
1
4
900
408
11
18
2
3
0.010
0.013

875
10
38
1.5
6
1870
848
20
34
2
3
0.010
0.013

744
15
57
2.5
9
3000
1361
34
58
2
3
0.010
0.013

581
28
106
3.5
13
4600
2087
62
105
2
3
0.010
0.013

dBA

72

71

71

72

72

73

75

m /hr
HP
KW
RPM
Gal
Liter
gpm
1/m
lbs
kg
cfm
3

Specifications subject to change without notice.

Kinney

KT Series 2000
Performance Curves

Kinney

KT Low Profile
Sample Applications

Vacuum Furnace/Metals
Treatment
Food Industry

Processing and
Packaging

Vacuum Coating

Altitude Chambers

Freeze Drying/Shelf or
Cone Dryers

Vacuum Cooling
(Produce)
Crystal Growing
(Semiconductor)
Battery Drying
Explosives
Vacuum Cooking
(Candy Products)

Kinney

KT Low Profile
Sample Applications (..contd)

Pipeline Drying
(Natural Gas Lines)
Electronic
Capacitors
Plating
Evaporators

Transformer/Degass
ing Electrical
Insulating Oils
Thermoforming
Vacuum Degreasers
Motor Windings
(Vacuum
Impregnation)

Kinney

Rotary Vane Vacuum Pumps

Rotary Vane
Vacuum
Pumps

Kinney

Rotary Vane Vacuum Pumps

Air-Cooled, Oil
Sealed
KSV Single Stage Vane Pumps
Used in applications with typical
operating pressures between 760- 25
Torr

KVAC Compound Vane Pumps

Used in applications with typical
operating pressures between 0.00110 Torr

Kinney

Rotary Vane Vacuum Pumps

Theory of Operation

Volumetric pump, functional part

composed of:
Hollow cylindrical stator with inlet and
exhaust valves.
Rotor mounted eccentrically inside stator for
pumping.
Two vanes sliding in the rotor, forced against
the stator by centrifugal force and springs.

Kinney

Rotary Vane Vacuum Pumps

Theory of Operation (..contd)
Inlet

Transfer

Compression

Exhaust

As the vane passes in front of

the inlet orifice, an increasing
space is formed into which
the gas from the chamber to
be evacuated expands. When
the second vane passes, the
space is closed.
The gas trapped in the space
between the two vanes is
transferred to the exhaust
orifice as the rotor rotates.

The space communicates with

the exhaust, which is fitted with
a valve: The gas is compressed
until the safety valve is opened.

The gas is expelled into the

oil casing when the pressure
is sufficient to open the valve.

Kinney

Rotary Vane Vacuum Pumps

Theory of Operation(.. contd)

Two-Stage
Pump

Low
Pressure

High Pressure
Stage

To improve backing pressure and flow rate at low

pressure, two stages are connected in series. The
second is similar to the first both structurally and
operationally. The gases pulled in by the first (low
pressure) stage are transferred to the second (high
pressure) stage and discharged through the high
pressure (HP) valve.

Kinney

KSV Models
Single Stage Rotary Vane Vacuum
Pumps

KUV-25

18 cfm

KSV-200 118 cfm

KSV-40

28 cfm

KSV-300 171 cfm

KSV-65

37 cfm

KSV-500 295 cfm

KSV-100 66 cfm

KSV-630 450 cfm

Kinney
KSV Model

Internal Oil Mist

Filters

Spin-On Oil Filter

(Rear of Oil Casing)
Inlet

Fan: Pump
is AirCooled

Exhau
st

Gas Ballast
Valve

Anti-Suck
back Valve
(Internal)

Kinney

KVS Models
Standard Features

Gas ballast valve

Anti-suckback valve
Oil mist filters
Automatic oil return
Oil filter
Exhaust
overpressure
bypass valve

Unique lubrication
design allows from
atmosphere down to .4
Torr
Low noise and vibration
Air-cooled
Easy access
maintenance points
Asbestos free vanes

Kinney

KVS Sample Applications

(pressure from Atm to 0.4 torr)

Chucking of Parts
Altitude Simulation
Degassing
Meat Processing
Vacuum Furnace
Thermoforming

Vacuum Packaging
Impregnation
Distillation
Central Vacuum
Systems
Coupled to a
Vacuum Booster

Kinney

KVS Specifications

Specifications subject to
change without notice.

Kinney

KVS Performance Curves

Kinney

KVS Central Systems

Operates automatically Starts
when system demand increases
Stops for energy conservation
Several configurations available
Remotely located, can reduce noise,
heat in work area
Easy (1-2-3) installation

Kinney

KVS Central System Features

Standard
Receiver storage tank
Inlet filters and
isolation valves
Flex connectors
All piping
Vacuum gauges
Complete control panel

Options
Programmable logic
controllers
Inlet check valves
Oil level alarms
Charcoal exhaust filter
Explosion proof
controls & pump
motors
Auto purge assembly
Custom control panels

Kinney

KVS Sample Application

Medical & Dental hospitals,

surgical suction, fluid extraction
Aerospace flight simulators,
equipment preservation, aircraft
mfg.
Labs dryers, gas transfer, vapor
evacuation, autoclaves
Metal Fabrication parts chucking,
packing, impregnation
Food Processing packaging,
blending, chambers, conveyor feed,
evisceration

Kinney

KVS Specifications

Kinney

KVS typical System

Configurations
Tank Mounted**
Simplex
Pump
Tank
Size
KUV-25
60 gal.
KSV-40, 65
80 gal.
KSV-100
120 gal.
KSV-200, 300
240 gal.

Stack/Base Mounted*
Duplex/Triplex
Pump
Tank Size
KUV-25
KSV-40, 65
KSV-100
KSV-200, 300
KSV-585, 630

60 gal.
80 gal.
120 gal.
240 gal.
400 gal.

Duplex

Duplex
System: Tank
Mounted

KUV-25
KSV-40
KSV-65, 100
KSV-200, 300

60 gal.
80 gal.
120 gal.
240 gal.

** Horizontal Receiver Tank

* Vertical Receiver Tank

Duplex
System:
Base
Mounted

Triplex
System:
Stack
Mounted

Kinney

KVAC Models

Compound Vane Pumps

KVAC-2
KVAC-5

KVAC-21 14.6
cfm
1.4 cfm
KVAC-33 24 cfm
3.8 cfm

KVAC-10 6.8 cfm KVAC-63 43 cfm

KVAC-15 10.6
cfm

Kinney

1.

Oil Case

2.

Gas ballast
control

3.

Base

4.

Oil level sight

glass

5.

Filling plugs

6.

Draining plug

7.

Frame

8.

Inlet end
fitting

9.

Exhaust end
fitting

10.

Fold-away
handle

11.

Electric motor

12.

IEC electric
socket

13.

ON/OFF switch

Kinney KVAC

Single
Phase
Universal
Motor

Horizontal Exhaust
Port

Kinney

KVAC Standard Features

Speed range: 1.4 cfm

to 42.4 cfm
Universal single &
three phase motors
Vertically or
horizontally mounted
exhaust
Easy to operate
Maintenance friendly
design no special
tools

Ultimate vacuum .001

Torr
External shaft seal for
easy removal
Gas ballast & antisuckback valves
standard
Environmentally
friendly low oil mist
Compact design
Low noise levels

Kinney

KVAC Sample Applications

Lamp Manufacturing
Neon Sign Manufacturing
Electron Tube Evacuation
Metallurgy
Centrifuges
Web Coaters
Refrigeration & AC
Backing Diffusion Pumps
Various R&D Applications

Kinney

KVAC Technical Data

Specificatio
Characteristicns Unit
KVAC-2
Pumping Speed @ 60 Hz

Ultimate Pressure
(Gas Ballast Closed)
Ultimate Pressure
(Gas Ballast Open)
Water Vapor

1.4
2.3x10-3

3.8
1.5x10-3

6.8
1.5x10-3

10.6
1.5x10-3

14.6
1.5x10-3

23.3
42.4
-3
2.25x10 2.25x10-3

torr

2.3x10-2

1.5x10-2

1.5x10-2

1.5x10-2

1.5x10-2

1.5x10-2

1.5x10-2

22.5
0.25
3600
0.4
54
16/10mm
26.4

18.8
0.75
1800
0.9
56
25
55

11.2
0.75
1800
1.0
56
25
57.2

7.5
0.75
1800
1.0
57
25
59.4

5.2
0.75
1800
1.0
58
25
61.6

22.5
1.5
1800
3.8
67
40
134

18.8
3.0
1800
7.4
72
40
205

torr
Motor Power
HP
Rotational Speed
rpm
Oil Capacity
quart
dBA
Noise Level @ 1 meter
Inlet/Exhaust Flange ISO-KF
Weight; pump&motor
lbs.

Performance
Curves

KVAC-5 KVAC-10 KVAC-15 KVAC-21 KVAC-33 KVAC-63

cfm
torr

Specifications subject to change without notice.

COMPARISON BETWEEN OIL SEALED ROTARY VANE PUMP AND OIL SEALED ROTARY PISTON PUMP.
Oil Sealed Rotary Vane Pump
1 The Principle mechanism is rotor fitted inside the stator eccentrically with
rotor fitted with spring operated vanes. The design is having limitations on the
Peripheral size of rotor, stator and vanes. Too large size of the same,the
displacement of gases having limitations for gas travel length from suction port
to discharge port. Suction port size is having limitation.

Oil Sealed Rotary Piston Pump

1. The principle mechanism is one piece piston and slide. The drive shaft is
concentric with the stator & carries an eccentric cam which dives the hollow
piston. i.e. the large size of circular stator, piston moving inside the stator
eccentrically. Easy movement of gases at suction and discharge port with
shortest gas travel length.

2. The vacuum pump body (stator) is immersed in the oil. The oil medium is for
lubrication and sealing fills the dead space and any gaps in the pump body
(stator) and adds to the cooling of the pump by conducting the compression
heat.
The oil lubrication ports have been provided on the body through which oil is
sucked inside the rotor for oil film formation to separate suction and discharge
port and to provide lubrication for vanes. The volume inside the rotor and stator
is getting flooded with oil when the pump is in off state . Since it is oil immersed
and oil used for lubrication and sealing from inside the pumping mechanism Oil
contamination occurs.

2. A continuous flow of oil is maintained from the reservoir into the pump
mechanism via the shaft bearing .This ensures full-film lubrication and sealing of
the cam and slide faces, and provides a generous wedge of oil which is pushed
ahead of the advancing piston to prevent compressed gas leaking back into the
induction chamber. The gas/oil mixture ejected via the exhaust values passes
through a separate in the exhaust chamber .The oil returns to the reservoir for
continued recirculation. A solenoid valve operates to prevent oil flow when the
pump is not running.
In case of the triplex design KT series pumps, gear pump at the non drive end
provides forced feed lubrication.

3. The vanes are spring operated and of metallic or resin bonded asbestos. The 3.The piston and cam type metallic rotating parts having more strength and can
wear and tear of the same and body (stator) will be more in case of abrasive handle very easily abrasive particles no wear and tear of pump body and piston.
particles entering into the pump.
4. Best ultimate vacuum for single stage pump is
5 X 10 2

4. Excellent vacuum performance

Best ultimate vacuum for single stage mechanical pump is 5X10 -3

5.Degradation in performance is possible because of vapors getting condensed 5. No Critical clearances

inside the pump . Low vapor handling capability due to vane type of pump
No degradation of performance
mechanism, resistance to dust and abrasive particles is less and vanes getting
High tolerance of contaminants
jammed inside the rotor due to sluge ,dust and abrasive particles .
(Vapor handling capacity is more
because of pump design)
Excellent resistance to wear and tear

Oil Sealed Rotary Vane Pump

6.Because of spring operated rotating vanes
frictional heat generated is high resulting in
High oil temperature, pump wear and tear etc.,
hence less pump life.

Oil Sealed Rotary Piston Pump

6. Simple Strong ,slow-running
Inherent reliability

Long working life

Low pump wear

Long oil life

7. Frequent change of oil as the pump is double 7. Long oil change intervals because of
stage having less vapor handling tolerance.
high vapour handling tolerance as the pump is
single stage.

8. Less efficient gas ballast facility as it is two 8. Efficient gas ballast facility as it is single stage
stage pump with high pressure differential.
pump with less pressure differential.

9. Oil requirement is high as it is oil immersed 9. Since it is a oil lubricate pump oil requirement
pump.
is less.

10.External anti suck back devise, operational 10. Solenoid valve operates to prevent oil flow
failures occurs frequently.
when the pump is not running.

Vacuum Boosters
Premium quality, durability
and reliability
Gear sizes from 3.25 to 12, vacuum levels as
low as 1 micron (10-3 mmHg abs.), noise less than
82 dB(A).
Multiple options in material of construction, seals, etc.
3-4 week lead time.

TVBS Mechanical Boosters

MKB/MKBB
series

KMBD series

TVBS

M-D Vacuum Boosters

KMBD series

Cooling coils or water cooled end plates

Direct or belt driven

C Flanged up to 9000 series

Vertical or Horizontal

Labyrinth or mechanical sealed (rated to ~7barG)

Design pressure 10barG

Special materials available (nickel, zinc, armaloy)

Metric or Imperial

Capacities up to 22,000 m3/h

Air cooled

Direct or belt driven

C Flanged mounted

Vertical Flow

ANSI flanges

Labyrinth / lip seals

Vibration free

Quiet running

Simple gear locking method

Capacities up to 10000 m/hr

Booster With Integral Bypass Valve

M-D Vacuum Boosters

Cast iron housings / ductile iron rotors & rotary shafts

Air cooled or Water cooled (cooling coils)

Direct or belt driven

C Flanged mounted

Vertical or Horizontal

Mechanical or non contacting slinger seals

(rated to ~7barG)

Design pressure ~7barG

ANSI or metric flanges

Capacities up to 22,000 m3/h

Less than 82 db

Bi-directional

Where are vacuum boosters

used?

Vacuum companies who manufacture

vacuum pumps
Used to increase capacity and vacuum
level of vacuum pumps
All types of vacuum pump performance
can be increased
OEMs using vacuum pumps in their systems

Mechanical Booster Pump Operation

Suction
Suction
Gas
Quarter
Revolution
Lobe

Half
Revolution

Booster
Body
Compressed
gas

3 Quarter
Revolution

1 Full Revolution

Sectional Drawing

TVBS Mechanical Booster Vacuum Pump

Features & Materials
Vertical or horizontal configuration.

Purge ports

Flanged connections (ANSI / PN /

Optional water cooled end plates

Casing - Cast Iron or Stainless

steel

Shaft Carbon steel or Stainless

steel

Various coatings available

Seals Lip, Labyrinth or

mechanical

ISO)
Air or water cooled.
Belt, direct or C flanged driven.
Variable speed option
Foot mounted units.
No metal to metal contact.
High durability.

Booster Pump Features

1.Very High volumetric Efficiency in the low pressure range savings in time & power
2.Booster pump operates without sealing oil.
3.Four different configurations of booster pumps, meets all application requirement
4.Extensive selection of the backing pumps- steam, Ejector watering, oil sealed & dry
5.Boosters are precision-machined to close tolerances. Rotors are statically &
dynamically
balanced.
Booster Configurations
1.Standard Boosters (92 series) Cooling water is required only to cool the carbon-face
mechanical seal on the drive shaft. The rotor shafts have slinger seals on both ends &
the oil reservoirs are under vacuum. Since there are no internal mechanical seals to
fail, the standard Kinney boosters provide a very high level of reliability.
2.Air Cooled Boosters (SKJV) It is fitted with twin drive shaft lip seals with oil sealing
in between(Oil cup provided). Internal piston ring labyrinth seals, O ring sealing of
head plates, end covers, seal housing, connection flanges.
3.Water cooled Boosters (90 series) Carbon face mechanical seals are used on both
ends of the rotor shafts & on the drive shaft. The oil reservoirs are vented to
atmosphere & the oils is cooled by coils inside each reservoir through which cooling
water is circulated. The drive shaft seal is also water cooled. Boosters with mechanical
seals throughout are recommended for
1.Where process gas affects the lubricating oil
2.oil-water cooled rotor boosters

Mechanical Booster Pump

Operation
Starting Mechanical Booster Pumps at atmospheric
Pressure
To prevent overloading and/or overheating, mechanical boosters can not normally be
started at atmospheric pressure. It is common to use pressure switch to start the
mechanical booster once the system pressure is reduced by the primary vacuum pump.
For reduced evacuation time, it is often desirable to start the booster at atmospheric
pressure. In order to avoid overload, a device is required to prevent excessive pressure
differential across the mechanical booster.The following are available

Frequency Converter
Compatible with the complete range of Tuthill mechanical booster , the frequency
converter electronically controls the booster speed via drive motor. Mechanical
booster speed increases as the inlet pressure decreases. A constant pressure
differential is maintained across the booster by limiting the motor current. This
form of control gives the booster a high level of protection, with maximum
flexibility. Evacuation time and booster capacity can be optimized, whilst there is
also potential for process pressure control.

Overpressure By pass
An integral mounted pressure relief valve which opens with excessive pressure
differentials
is fitted as standard on the MKBB & KMBD(400,720 1600C) by pass booster units.

Mechanical Booster Pump started at Atmospheric

Pressure

on Sizing of
Mechanical
When Notes
sizing mechanical
booster
system, Boosters
the following
Suction Pressure
-P1
terminology
id used

Discharge Pressure
-P2
Actual Suction Capacity
-S1
Actual Backing Pump Capacity
-S2
Theoretical Booster Displacement
-D
Actual Compression Ratio CR
-P2/P1
Staging Ratio, SR
-D/S2
Volumetric Efficiency, E
-S1/D
Staging ratio is equivalent to the theoretical compression
ratio across the
booster. In practice, pressure differential across the unit causes varying
capacity losses resulting in an actual compression ratio less than the
theoretical valve.
So CR=SR x E, where E- Volumetric Efficiency.
The actual suction capacity of a mechanical booster combination can be
related to the zero flow compression ratio(K0), which is the compression
ratio generated by the booster against varying pressure whilst suction flow
is zero. The following is a typical K0 curve for a Booster of capacity 1720
m/hr plotted against discharge pressure for air.

Typical K0 Curve for a Booster of capacity 1720 m/hr against

Discharge Pressure
8
0
6
0
4
K0 0
2
0
0
4

10

1 30

10

110

P2 (mbar)

10

10
0

Actual suction capacity can be calculated from the basic

expression
CR = SR x
K0
Where Ko =E
SR + Ko
SR + Ko

Example

Consider a Booster of capacity 1720 m/hr displacement ,D, backed

by a pump having a capacity S2, of 250m/hr at 10 mbar.
Calculate the resulting suction capacity and pressure,

Staging ratio SR = D = 1720

S2
250

= 6.88

Ko at 10 mbar from above curve = 45

So actual compression ratio, CR = 6.88 x

45
= 5.96
6.88+45

And E = 45 =0.86
51.88
Operating Pressure P1 = P2 = 10 = 1.7mbar
CR
5.96
and capacity S1 = D x E = 1720x0.86 = 1480 m3/hr
The booster has amplified the backing capacity to give 1480 m 3/hr at 1.7
mbar
This is a basic example the effect of mechanical booster . Calculation is more
complex when the backing pump size is unknown, for example when only a
suction duty is specified-especially if the backing pump has varying capacity
curve.
Optimum staging ratios may vary from 2 : 1 to 50 : 1 depending up on
operating pressure, gas temperature, gas composition, efficiency required etc.

Calculation Of Vacuum Booster Shaft Horse Power

Cut-in- Pressure(CIP) Formula
BHP=FHP+GHP
FHP= Is the frictional HP
GHP= Is Gas HP(Work done on Gas)
Actual FHP= FHP Coefficient x Actual RPM
1000
Refer FHP coefficient from M-D Pneumatic Technical Bulletin #7
GHP=0.00436D1 [ ( S1/ S2)P1 - P1 ]
( S1/ S2) = Staging Ratio , S1 = 1st Stage booster CFM , S2 = Backing pump CFM
D1 = Booster displacement in CFM , P1 = Cut in-Pressure (psia) , 1psia = 51.71 Torr
Example
For KMB D1600/KT -300 with CIP =15 Torr
BHP=FHP+GHP
Actual FHP= FHP Coefficient x Actual RPM
1000
= 1.00( Tech .Bulletin #7) x 3600 = 3.6
1000
GHP=0.00436D1 [ ( S1/ S2)P1 - P2 ]
= 0.00436 x 1584 cfm ( Tech. Bulletin #7) [ (1250cfm)/(260cfm)(15 torr) 15
Torr ] / 51.71 = 7.6HP
BHP=FHP+GHP = 3.6 + 7.6 = 11.2 HP
our standard 10 HP TEFC motor with 1.15 service factor allows up to 11.5 HP startup.
Larger boosters with high inertia loads may require a larger size motor for accelerating
the blower rotors up to speed than from the above calculated BHP at startup.

Limits Of Booster Operation

Mechanical booster operation is limited by two major factors
1. Booster absorbed power
2. Booster operating temperature
Absorbed power
This is basically proportional to the pressure differential across the
booster. It is usually at maximum when the unit is initially
started and will then fall as the suction pressure and hence
pressure differential decreases.
Operation at pressures below 1 mbar will reduce the power
absorbed virtually to that determined by the frictional
characteristics of the unit.
Tuthill boosters have motor ratings suitable for a maximum
pressure differential of 50mbar subject to size & speed.If a
higher pressure differential is necessary then use of a larger
motor can be considered.
It should be noted that operation at very high differential pressures
is not possible. If operation at rough vacuum is necessary then
some form of pressure differential limiting device must be used.
Absorbed power can be estimated from the formula
Absorbed KW = D(P2-P1)
30000
Where D- Booster displacement m/hr
P2-P1- Pressure differential across booster(mbar)

Operating Temperature
Compression across the booster causes an increase in temperature of the pumped gas
which results in heating of the booster. Under vacuum conditions, whilst the pump casing
can dissipate heat to the surrounding atmosphere, the impellers are unable to do so. When
the thermal load becomes excessive, the deferential expansion results in the impeller
contacting the casing .
Actual temperature rise across the booster is determined by:
Inlet gas temperature
Operating pressure
Compression ratio
Charecristics of pumped gases
Machine size- a smaller machine with a relatively high surface area/volume ratio, would
have better dissipation characteristics.

Methods of Operation
To limit power requirement and prevent excessive booster temperatures, various methods
of control are available.
1. The commonest method is to start the booster at low pressures , typically 10-100
mbar, by pressure switch. Initial system evacuation by the backing pump can be done
through the non-driven booster the impeller will rotate due to gas flow, hence flow
resistance is generally low.
2. Reduce the staging ratio, normally by using a larger backing pump. At the extreme
(and usually only feasible on relatively low capacity application), it is possible to use a
1:1staging ratio. In this case, the booster will not increase capacity of if operated at
rough vacuum,how ever it will extend the low pressure performance of the backing
pump. Eg.enabling a single stage oil sealed pump to give two stage performance.

3. Where a fast evacuation time or simplified operation is required then it

may be necessary to operate the booster from atmospheric pressure in
conjunction with the backing pump. To prevent overloading the booster, it is
necessary to incorporate some form of control to limit pressure across unit:
this can be achieved in two ways:
1. Pressure relief valve
2. Speed control of the booster.
Method 1. is commonly achieved with an overpressure by-pass valve
mounted either integrally in the booster or in external pipe work. This
valve will automatically open if pressure differential across the booster
exceeds typically 45 mbar. Excess gas will then be vented back to the
suction of the booster.
Method 2. can be achieved using either a magnetic coupling, variable
frequency drive, or fluid coupling device. These systems can be set to run
the booster at varying speed, depending up on the load on the booster.
Typically constant torque transmission mode would be used.
In practice booster would run slowly when started at atmospheric pressure
and only reach full speed at low pressures- capacity at rough vacuum
would be relatively low.
In some cases, it is possible to use process inputs of pressure, time,
temperature etc. to operate the speed control device and hence vary
suction capacity.

4. In case where suction gas temperature is high, it may be feasible to use an inlet gas
cooler, to enable the use of a higher compression ratio .

Notes Concerning
Boosters.

Installation/

Operation

of

Mechanical

a. Suction pipe bore should normally be equivalent to the booster suction size. Where
very low operating pressure and/or relatively long pipe runs are involved then it
may be necessary to increase the pipe bore to reduce the losses.
b. Booster discharge bore can usually matched to the backing pump connection size.
c. Normally it is preferable to mount the booster in vertical flow direction- this gives a
self draining capability preventing retention of condensed vapours or particles in
the unit. A horizontal flow unit may be used for a clean, dry application where a
compact layout is necessary.
d. Whilst booster can tolerate very small particulate matter, where larger partials or
liquid droplets are present then appropriate traps and filers should be incorporated.
On new installation where there is possibilities of pipe debris entering the booster, a
temporary, simple screen filter should be fitted.
e. In case where condensed vapour could cause damage after shut down it is
recommended that dry air or nitrogen is admitted to flush the booster before
switching off.
f. If is normally preferable to direct drive all units with flange mounted motor. Belt drive
should only be used where necessary to satisfy installation requirements or to give
a specific operating speed. Motor rating should not be increased if using belt drive.
g. If using a booster with pressure switch to start, note that the recommended cut-in
pressure is normally based on power conditions. Maximum recommended operating
pressure , which is based on temperature considerations, may be considerably less
than cut-in pressure.

also note that in the case of certain backing pumps that cannot operate at low
pressures (i.e water sealed two stage liquid ring pump) there may be a
minimum recommended operating pressure. Operation below this pressure
would give excessive booster temperatures due to fall in backing pump
capacity.
h. The use of flexible bellows at the suction and discharge connections of the
booster is good practice and simplifies installation.

Accessories
The following may be fitted for specific application
1. Pressure switch- recommended to automatically start the booster at a preselected pressure in order to prevent motor overload. Pressure rise above
the set pressure will stop the booster.
2. Temperature switch- mounted in the booster discharge gas stream and
arranged to stop the unit or signal alarm if the temperature becomes
excessive.
3. Suction filters/ traps- suggested to prevent particals entering the booster.
Different types are available depending upon the amount/size of particals
and operating pressure, varying from a simple mesh to a high capacity
dust filter. Care should be taken to ensure that the filter pressure drop is
not excessive this is especially important when using fine filters at very
low absolute pressures

Pumping Capacity
Actual compression ratio and volumetric efficiency are calculated from
the "zero flow compression ratio" (Ko)
CR = SR x Ko
SR + Ko
where:
SR = Staging ratio (theoretical compression ratio)
= Booster displacement (D)
Backing pump capacity (S2)
CR = Actual compression ratio (.P2)
(P1)
Ko is taken from relevant booster Curve at discharge pressure,P2
CR = Volumetric efficiency, E.
SR
S1= Actual booster capacity = Dx E
Curve is plotted of S1 against P1
Booster Power Calculation
Absorbed power: kW = Dx Dp + F
360000
where
D = booster displacement m3/hr
Dp = pressure difference (P2- P1)across booster, mbar
F = friction power, kW (Refer Chart)

Evacuation Time
t = V In Pa x 60
S
Pb
where
t = evacuation time (minutes) between initial pressure Pa and final
pressure, Pb
v = system volume (m3)
S = average pumping capacity (m3/hr)between Pa and Pb
Time t 1,t2, etc is calculated for different pressure ranges
Adding t 1 ,t2, etc gives total time to reach final required pressure.
Add 10% if calculating time of a forepump pumping through a booster.
If a frequency converter is fitted, then, until booster reaches full speed,
the evacuation time can be calculated as follows:
t = V in (Pa+ PD) x 60
S2 (Pb+ PD)
Where:
S2 = actual capacity of backing pump.
Pb= pressure at which booster reaches full speed (this occurs when PD
just falls
below normal setting).
PD = maximum pressure difference determined by frequency converter
(normally 50 mbar).

Booster Temperature Rise

A maximum allowable continuous gas temperature rise is establishedto
prevent seizure from excessive differential expansion between theimpellers
and casing. The maximum rise allowed is typically 100c,based on a
maximum inlet temperature of 40c.The
differential expansion occurs because both the casing and impellers
significant
amounts of the heat of compression, but the impeller is partially insulated by
the vacuum and expands at a greater rate than the casing. Gas temperature
rise can be calculated as
T2 - T1 = (k - 1) x T1 x (r - 1) x F
K
E
T2 :ok(Kelvin) discharge temperature
T1 :oK (Kelvin) inlet temperature
R :P2/P1
K :Cp/Cv= 1.4for air
F: temperature rise factor
The temperature rise factor, F, is obtained empirically and accounts for heat
loss by radiation and convection.
When inlet temperature is above 40c, the maximum allowable temperature
rise, Ta,must be derated as : Ta corrected = Ta - O.66(Tin- 40c)
Because thermal expansion is time dependent, in pumpdown situations it
might be possible to exceed the maximum allowable temperature rise
provided that the time from booster start pressure to the safe operating
pressure does not exceed the maximum allowed

Pumping Speed of Freqency Converter Equipped Boosters

Frequency converters maintain a nominally constant Dp across the booster typically 50 mbar. This can be adjusted by changing the current limit setting
in the Frequency
Converter.
P1 S1 = P2S2 where P2 = P1 + Dp
S0 inlet pumping speed is S1 = P1 + 50 x S2
P1
At atmospheric pressure S1 = 1013 + 50 x S2 = 1.066 X 82
1013
At P1= 200 mbar S1 = 200 + 50 x S2 = 1.25 X S2
200
This formula is valid until the booster reaches full rotation speed which is
typically in the range 5 to 20 mbar depending on staging ratio /current limit.
For rough calculation we can assume the booster reaches full rotation speed
at 10 mbar
then S1 = 10 + 50 x 82 = 6 X 82
10
Below this pressure, pumping speed is calculated as normal.Evacuation time
during the period that the booster is running below full rotation speed is
given by
T = V In (Pa + DP) x 60
S2
(Pb+ Dp)
Where ,V = volume to be evacuated
S2 = nominal pumping speed of the backing pump (m3/h)

Example
Booster of 2580 m3/hr @ 2950 rpm. Max. Dp 75 mbar, with 450m3/hr
nominal capacity
SR = 2580 = 5.73
450
Check Ko from curve at 100 mbar discharge pressure = 15
CR = 5.73 x 15 = 4.15
5.73 + 15
E = 4.15 = 0.72
5.73
Capacity 2580 x 0.72 = 1868 m3/hr
Inlet pressure, P1 = P2 X 450 = 24 mbar
1868
Differential pressure Dp = 100 - 24 = 76 mbar
This is the maximum allowed Dp for the booster due to limits in the
mechanical.design.
Power is calculated as follows:
kW= 2580 x 76 +0.75 = 1.3kW
360000
Although this is.well below the maximum for the standard 7.5 kW motor, we
must also take in to account temperature rise through the booster. Also the'
maximum allowed discharge temperature

TVBS
Tuthill Vacuum and Blowers Systems
India Dealers Training Programme
29-31st August 2007
Venue: Hotel Tunga International,
Mumbai
Organized By: M/s Economy Refrigeration Ltd. TVBS India
Distributor
Tuthill Corporation India Lison Office

Condenser-Rotary Piston Combination Vacuum

Pumping Unit

Condenser-Oil Sealed Rotary Vane Pump Vacuum Pumping

Unit

Condenser-Rotary Piston/ Vane Combination Vacuum

Pumping Unit
Rotary Vane/Piston Vacuum Pump
Model No
Rotary Vane Vacuum Pump
Displacement in M3/Hr
Pumping Capacity @ 1-0.1 torr in
M3/hr
Ultimate Pressure in Torr

KDH
KDH150/
KDH130/
130/KT
KT150 KT 300 2xKT300
KT150
150

30-36

60

120-150

230

230

280

450-600

1200

140

280

575

650

900

1100

2200

5800

1.00E-03 1.00E-03 1.00E-02 1.00E-02 1.00E-02 1.00E-02 1.00E-02 1.00E-02

Rotary Vane Pump Motor in HP

7.5

15

2x15

Suction Connection in inches

1.5"

2"

3"

3"

3"

3"

4"

6"

--

--

--

3/4

3/4

3/4

2x6

Rotary Vane/Piston Pump

IsolationValve & line Size

1.5

Vapour Condenser Size M2

0.5

Water Required For Ratory Vane/

Piston Vacuum Pump in Lit/min

Dimensions LxBxH in mm
Approximate Weight in Kgs

Closed Ring Liquid Recirculation System

Liquid Ring Vacuum Pump Systems

Combinations

Liquid Ring Vacuum Pump Systems

Combinations

Liquid Ring Vacuum Pump Systems

Combinations

Liquid Ring Vacuum Pump Systems

Combinations

Mechanical Booster Vacuum Pumping

Due to having a relatively low compression ratio capability,
System
a mechanical booster must be backed by a vacuum pump
designed to discharge to atmospheric pressure. The
following pumps are commonly used,
1. Rotary vane vacuum pump
2. Rotary piston vacuum pump
3. Liquid ring vacuum pump
4. Dry screw vacuum pump
5. Stem Jet Ejectors
Backing Pump Selection: Is determined by the process
application
1.Operating capacity/pressure
2.Nature of Gases/Vapours Condensable, Corrosive ,
Particulates
3.Initial Evacuation Time

Combination

The Mechanical Booster Pump Can be Combined As

Below

Types of Vacuum Systems

Name of System

Operating Range

1. System ejector watering I stage: Water ring 760-30 mm of

Hg
Combination

II stage: 1st ejector 30 mm-10 mm

III stage: 2nd ejector 10 mm-1 mm

Types Of Vacuum System

2. Mechanical Booster Systems
Operating Range
(from Atm to )
Booster /2 stage liquid ring pump
10 mm of Hg
Booster / Air ejector/liquid ring pump
2 mm of Hg
Booster/liquid ring pump
1 mm of Hg
Booster/Booster/Air ejector /liquid ring pump 0.2 mm of
Hg
Booster/Single stage oil sealed pump
0.001 mm of Hg
Booster/Booster/ Single stage oil sealed pump 0.001 mm of
Hg
Booster/Two Stage oil sealed pump
0.001 mm of Hg
Booster/Oil lubricated rotary-vane pump
0.1 mm of
Hg
Booster/Various dry mechanism-vacuum pumps 0.01 mm
of Hg

Booster-Rotary piston Combination Vacuum

Pumping Unit

Mechanical Booster-Oil sealed Rotary Vane Combination Vacuum Pumping Unit

Booster-Condenser-Rotary Piston Combination Vacuum

Pumping Unit

Booster Condenser Rotary Vane Combination Vacuum

Pumping Unit

KMBD
200

KMBD
200

KMBD
400

KMBD
400

Rotary Vane Vacuum Pump Model No KTC 21 KD 30

KD 50

KD 50

KDH 80 KTC 112 KDH 80 KT 150

Booster Pump Model No

KMBD
200

KMBD
400

KMBD
540

KMBD
540

KMBD
540

KMBD
850

KMBD
850
KTC
KTC 112 KT 150
112

Booster Pump displacement M3/Hr

340

340

340

680

680

680

918

918

918

1445

1445

Rotary Vane Vacuum Pump

Displacement M3/Hr

35.7

51

85

85

136

190

136

255

190

255

190

Booster Cut In Pressure mbar

33

40

53

53

66

99

33

40

33

20

20

Pumping Capacity @ 1-0.1 torr

26

32.5

39

26

45.5

52

7.8

19.5

13

6.5

3.64

6.66E05

2.00E04

2.00E04

2.00E04

2.00E04

5.00E04

7.5

7.5

Rotary Vane Pump Motor HP

1.5

1.5

7.5

7.5

7.5

7.5

7.5

Suction Connection inches

4"

4"

4"

4"

4"

4"

4"

4"

4"

6"

6"

Water Required for Booster Pump

Lit/Hr

54.5

54.5

54.5

54.5

54.5

54.5

68

68

68

109

109

Booster By Pass Valve & line Size

1.5

1.5

1.5

Vapour Condenser M2

0.5

204.5

409

204.5

272.7

409

272.7

409

Oil Required For Booster Pump lts

1.89

1.89

1.89

1.89

1.89

1.89

2.8

2.8

2.8

3.78

3.78

Oil Required For Vacuum Pump lts

1.89

3.78

11.3

11.3

17

15.14

17

17

15.14

17

15.14

Ultimate Pressure Torr

Booster Pump Motor Power HP

Water Required For Ratory Vane

Vacuum Pump Lit/Hr

Dimensions LxBxH in mm
Approximate Weight Kgs

2.00E2.00E- 5.00E2.00E-04 5.00E-04

04
04
04

1170x1 1170x1 1170x1 1170x1 1170x1 1258x1 1170x9

1270x1
1270x11 1270x11
1270x9
146x86 073x86 073x86 073x86 245x96 346x71 90x109
379x96
18x1042 70x1042
66x966
4
4
4
4
0
2
2
6
400

450

500

500

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

Booster Pump Model No

Rotary Vane/Piston Vacuum Pump Model
No
Booster Pump displacement in M3/Hr
Rotary Vane Vacuum Pump
Displacement in M3/Hr
Booster Cut In Pressure in mbar
Pumping Capacity @ 1-0.1 torr in M3/hr
Ultimate Pressure in Torr

MKB 210 MKB 400 MKB 890 MKB 890

MKB
1680

MKB
1680
KDH150/
KDH130/
KT150
KT150

MKB
3370

MKB 8200

KT 300

2xKT300

KDH
130/KT
150

180

330

740

740

1400

1400

2800

6830

30-36

60

120-150

230

230

280

450-600

1200

50

50

40

50

40

50

40

27

140

280

575

650

900

1100

2200

5800

1.00E-03 1.00E-03 1.00E-03 1.00E-03 1.00E-03 1.00E-03 1.00E-03 1.00E-03

Booster Pump Motor Power in HP

5.5

5.5

7.5

15

Rotary Vane Pump Motor in HP

7.5

15

2x15

Suction Connection in inches

2"

2"

4"

4"

6"

6"

6"

12"

Water Required For Rotary Vane/ Piston

Vacuum Pump in Lit/min

--

--

--

3/4

3/4

3/4

2x6

Booster By Pass Valve & line Size

1.5

Vapour Condenser Size M2

0.5

Dimensions LxBxH in mm
Approximate Weight in Kgs

636x267 736x320
x251
x251

Features Of Mechanical Booster-Oil sealed

Rotary Vane/Piston Combination Vacuum
Pumping unit
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
.
.
.

Very Fast Pump down

High pumping speed over a wide pressure range
Low ultimate pressure capability of 0.2 micron
Compact, simple assembly. Minimum floor area required
By Pass valve option for achieving faster rough vacuum
Inter stage vapour condenser option for
Preventing Rotary Pump Oil contamination
Better pumping efficiency of Booster & Rotary Pump
Booster pump can be started at higher inlet pressure

Booster-Liquid Ring Combination Vacuum

Pumping Unit

Booster-Condenser-Liquid Ring Combination Vacuum

Pumping Unit

Multistage Boosters-Liquid Ring Combination Vacuum Pumping

Unit

Liquid Ring Vacuum Pump Systems

Combinations

Liquid Ring Vacuum Pump Systems

Combinations

Liquid Ring Vacuum Pump Systems

Combinations

Liquid Ring Vacuum Pump Systems

Combinations

Advantages of Booster/Liquid
Ring Combination
1. High pumping capacity at low pressure.
2. Handles large amounts of condensable and volatile
3.
4.
5.
6.

gases.
Solvent recovery and environment friendly.
Low pressure up to 0.1 torr are achievable in normal
operating conditions.
Capacities available from 200 m/hr to 6000 m/hr
Cost Advantages
1.
2.

The choice of smaller backing pumps

At low pressures booster requires only a fraction as rated
motor power.

Liquid Ring-Mechanical Booster Combination

Liquid Ring-Ejector-Mechanical Booster Combination

Booster-Dry Screw Combination Vacuum Pumping

Unit

Booster-Condenser-Dry Screw Combination Vacuum Pumping

Unit

For dry pump packages, your choice

should be
crystal clear.

Kinney Dry Pump Vacuum Systems

are ideally suited for industrial
heat treating applications. They combine high pumping speed with
deep vacuum levels, and operate free of oil, water and other sealing
liquids. Flows range to 10,000 CFM (17,000m3/h) with vacuum levels
to 10 microns and below.
Complete engineered solutions are available and may include any
combination of Kinney KDP or SDV dry vacuum pumps, vacuum
boosters,
electric motors, direct or V-belt drive, coolant recirculation systems,
instrumentation, controls, skid piping, and valves

Kinney Dry Pump Solutions Technology

Transfer

MB1200 / KDP-400 Dry Vacuum Pumping System

Kinney Dry Pump Solutions Technology Transfer

MB720 / KDP-150 Dry Vacuum Pumping System

Kinney Dry Pump Solutions Technology Transfer

KMBD4000 / KMBD2000 / KDP330

Dry Vacuum System

Kinney Dry Pump Solutions Technology Transfer

KMBD 2000 / KDP800 Dry Pump Vacuum System

Kinney Dry Pump Solutions Technology Transfer

China National Petroleum
PTMEG Application

KMBD 3000 / KDP800

Dry Vacuum System

Mechanical Booster-Dry Screw Combination

Vacuum Pumping Unit
Booster Pump Model

3210

4009

4012

5511

5518

7026

9036

Backing pump Model

SDV 120

SDV 200

SDV 320

SDV 430

SDV 800

SDV 1500

SDV 2700

CFM/
m/Hr

680

918

1224

2040

3400

7820

12410

m/Hr

120

180

320

430

750

1500

2700

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.01

0.01

m/Hr

510

680

1020

1550

2600

5500

8500

Torr

0.02

0.02

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.1

0.1

Discharge Temp

( C)

<110

<120

<155

<175

<235

<250

<260

Rotation Speed

50 Hz

2900

2900

2900

2900

2900

1450

1450

Dry Pump Motor

HP

10

15

20

50

75

Power Consumption 50 Hz

HP

4.8

11

22

47.39

In. / mm

1.5/40

1.5/40

2/50

2.5/65

4/100

5/125

6/150

In. / mm

1.5/40

1.5/40

1.5/40

2/50

2.5/65

3/80

4/100

Cooling Water

GPM /
LPM

0.5/0.2

1.1/4.0

2.1/8

2.8/11

5.3/20

7.4/28

9.5/36

Noise Level

Db (A)

72

72

80

80

85

85

90

2310/105
0

2970/135
0

Booster Pump Capacity

Dry Vacuum Pump Capacity
Ultimate Vacuum Of
Pumping unit
pumping unit Capacity at
0.1Torr
Ultimate Pressure Dry
Pump

Suction Flange (ANSI 150#

FF)
Discharge Flange (ANSI
150# FF)

Torr

Capacity Test Of Vacuum Pump

Free air displacement (FAD) measured according to standard B.S.
1571 Part II
Pump Model
Pump No
Electric Motor No
T1 Atmospheric Temperature in C at air intake
T2 Nozzle(Pipe) temperature in C
H Observed head in mm of water, across the nozzle
P Barometric Pressure in mm of Hg
H Observed head in mm of water, down stream side
A Ammeter Reading
V Voltage Reading
FAD

T1+2
K x 73 x
P

)
H xP-(h/13.6
T2+2
73

Vacuum Pumps Capacity Testing Setup

Tabular Readings
Date
Time
Nozzle Size (mm)
Constant (K)
Vacuum in mm of Hg
V
A
H
H
P
T1
T2
RPM
Water Discharge in
lpm
FAD (lts/sec)
FAD (cfm)

Thank You