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Seed Germination

Seed germination is the process by which a dormant seed begins to sprout and grow into a seedling under the right growing conditions. It begins with imbibition, where the seed takes in water, softens its tissues, and swells. Gibberellic acid then triggers genes in the aleurone cells to produce amylase, which breaks down starch into sugars. The sugars are used to fuel the growth of the radicle and shoot out of the seed coat, completing germination. Several factors like water, oxygen, temperature, and light or darkness can affect whether and how quickly a seed will germinate.

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320 views12 pages

Seed Germination

Seed germination is the process by which a dormant seed begins to sprout and grow into a seedling under the right growing conditions. It begins with imbibition, where the seed takes in water, softens its tissues, and swells. Gibberellic acid then triggers genes in the aleurone cells to produce amylase, which breaks down starch into sugars. The sugars are used to fuel the growth of the radicle and shoot out of the seed coat, completing germination. Several factors like water, oxygen, temperature, and light or darkness can affect whether and how quickly a seed will germinate.

Uploaded by

hrishikesh08
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Seed Germination

http://amato.edu.glogster.com/germinationwebques

Overview
What is germination?
Seed Anatomy
How it works
Factors
Dormancy
Establishment

Seed Germination Defined


Biology-online.org:
the process by which a dormant seed
begins
to sprout and grow into a seedling
Seedbiology.de:
under
right growing
conditions.
athe
complex
physiological
process
http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Germination

triggered by imbibition of water after


Dictionary.refere.nce.com:
possible dormancy mechanisms have
ger*mi*nate [jur-muh-neyt]
been released by appropriate triggers
1.To begin to grow or develop.
rapid expansion growth of the embryo
2.Botany .
culminates in rupture of the covering
a. To develop into a plant or
layers and emergence of the radicle
individual, as a seed, spore, or
considered completion of germination.
bulb.
http://www.seedbiology.de/germination.asp
b. To put forth shoots; sprout;
pullulate.
Mung
bean seeds sprouting:
3.To
come into existence; begin.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTZih16DUB4

Seed Anatomy
Seed coat provides
protection
Endosperm = food
(STARCH)
Aleurone cells =
store abundant
protein
Cotyledon leaves
Epicotyl shoot
Radicle root
http://gardening.wsu.edu/library/vege004/vege004.
htm
http://web1.uct.usm.maine.edu/~champlin/Courses%20F'09/Handouts/seed%20germina

Process: Seed Germination


1. Imbibition
-

water uptake,
softens inner
tissues
causes swelling
and seed coat
rupture
more water uptake

http://gardening.wsu.edu/library/vege004/vege004.
htm
http://web1.uct.usm.maine.edu/~champlin/Courses%20F'09/Handouts/seed%20germina

Process: Seed Germination


1. Imbibition
-

water uptake,
softens inner
tissues
causes swelling and
seed coat rupture
more water uptake

2. Gibberelic Acid
-

Plant hormone
(similar to steroids)
Dissolved &
distributed by water
http://gardening.wsu.edu/library/vege004/vege004.

htm
http://web1.uct.usm.maine.edu/~champlin/Courses%20F'09/Handouts/seed%20germina

Process: Seed Germination


2. Gibberelic Acid
-

Arrives at aleurone
cells
Activates certain
genes

3. Transcription
Transportation
Translation
amylase
4. Amylase accelerates
hydrolysis of starch

Process: Seed Germination


5. Hydrated starch
moves to the
cotyledon and
radicle to initiate
growth

Process: Seed Germination

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/steps-of-seed-germinatio
n.html
http://bonnieplants.com/library/bonnie-herb-and-vegetab
le-plant-food-now-available-for-home-gardens/seed-germi
nating/

http://www.rollitup.org/cfl-fluorescent-lighting/492395best-way-germinate-feminized-ordered.html

Seed Coat Affects


Germination
Strawberries/raspberries need to be
consumed
Water
Common glasswort needs to be pounded
by surf

Temperature
Kentucky coffee needs to be frozen
Blazing stars need to be burned

Other Factors Affecting


Germination
Water
Oxygen
Light/darkness
Forest seeds will not open until hole in
canopy

References
Wikipedia:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germination

Champlin Website:
http://web1.uct.usm.maine.edu/~champlin/Courses
%20F'09/Handouts/seed%20germination.htm

Plant Science and Landscape


Architecture, UMD:
http://www.psla.umd.edu/faculty/Coleman/Seed
%20Germination.pdf

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