Protection Application Substation control

Handbook
ABB Group - 1 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Protection Application Substation control-
Handbook Control levels
ABB Group - 2 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Substation control
Main functions of control
Control mode selection
Open/ Close
Position indication
Alarm Indication
Alarm system
Equpment supervision= Protection
HV equipment blocking
Antipumping
ABB Group - 3 -

Pole disagreement
Sep 16, 2017
 Substation control
Main functions of control
Interlocking
Voltage indication
Interposing (RTU)
Regulation
Synshronising
Automation
Recording
Measuring
Metering
Logging
ABB Group - 4 -
Sep 16, 2017

Network power control

 Substation control
Substation control levels: 1HVE 000 025
Operation of HV apparatus in a substation can be
done form more than one place.
Type of operation Viz : test operation , emergency
operation, normal operation can be done from
different levels

These are standardized and guide line defining the

names and the main functions of the control circuits
are given in 1HV E 000 025
ABB Group - 5 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Protection Application Substation control-
Handbook Control Circuits
ABB Group - 6 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Substation control
Local Remote Switching of Circuit Breaker
ABB Group - 7 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Substation control
Local/Remote Switching

In bay control or equipment control the local position

may be called Maintenance. In this position all
external signals must be disconnected( Also trip
signals)
For double pole operation the connection of the
minus pole will be treated in the same way as the
plus pole
Depending on the control philosophy only a part of
the shown control levels or all of them may be used
ABB Group - 8 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Substation control
Circuit Breaker Closing and Tripping
ABB Group - 9 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Substation control
Closing Circuits

Modes of operation
Maintenance operation mode
Operation without synchronising
Operation with synchronising
ABB Group - 10 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Substation control
Circuit Breaker Blocking
ABB Group - 11 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Substation control
Trip Circuit Supervision
ABB Group - 12 -
Sep 16, 2017
 ABB Group - 13 -
Sep 16, 2017

XX
Substation control
 Substation control
Substation control: control circuits: 1HVE
000 033

Guide line presents some basic circuits for AIS and

GIS.
ABB Group - 14 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Protection Application Substation control-
Handbook interlocking
ABB Group - 15 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Substation control
General
Interlocks must be provided for CBs, isolators and
earth switches to prevent damages and accidents in
case of maloperations
Can be electrical , mechanical or electromechanical
or combined
Can be realized via relays , coils , static prints or
numerical units
Interlocking conditions for a HV switching device
depends on switchyard configuration and status of
other switching devices
ABB Group - 16 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Substation control
Circuit breakers

CBs are not allowed to operate if adjacent

disconnectors are in an intermediate position
ABB Group - 17 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Substation control
Isolators

Isolators are not permitted to break power current nor

to interconnect different voltage system.
Making or breaking of paralleling circuits is permitted
A isolator connected in series with a CB may only be
operated when CB is open and if none of the
adjacent earthing switches are closed. Even if
another isolator connected in series to the CB is open
the isolator is not allowed to be operated unless the
CB is open
ABB Group - 18 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Substation control
Isolators

A isolator connected to a duplicate busbar or auxiliary

bus may be operated if any of the following
conditions are met
No load is connected and none of the adjacent earthing
switches is closed
A paralleling circuit to the isolator is present ( for isolator
connected to duplicate bus bars only bus couplers are
counted. Another isolator connected to the same duplicate
bus bar is not counted
ABB Group - 19 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Substation control
Earthing switches

Earthing switches may only be operated if the

isolators on both sides are open. Only an open CB is
not enough
For earthing switches which can earth an incoming
line directly or through a CB, line should be dead
before they can be operated
ABB Group - 20 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Substation control
Other conditions

Within auxiliary switches only end position contacts

should be used for interlocking
Latching relays should not be used
In case of failure of auxiliary supply all interlocks
should remain
Loss of motor voltage or voltage supervision must
interrupt the control circuit
ABB Group - 21 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Substation control
Other conditions (contd)

An open high voltage CB is not considered as

isolating between sections. ( e.g: earthing switches
are not allowed to close)
If the busbar isolators of a bay are on a lower load
capacity than the busbar, it is not allowed to connect
the busbars together through the isolators only
ABB Group - 22 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Substation control
Example : Single bus bar - feeder with circuit
breaker
ABB Group - 23 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Substation control
Circuit breaker

Q0 may be closed

if the adjacent isolators are at end positions

ABB Group - 24 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Substation control
Isolators
Q1 may be operated if
CB Q0 is open and earthing switches Q51 and Q52 are open
and bus bar is not earthed
or
Earthing switch Q51 is closed and bus bar is earthed
Q9 may be operated if
Circuit breaker Q0 is open and earth switches Q51 and Q52
and Q8 are open
or
Earthing switches Q52 and Q8 are closed
ABB Group - 25 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Substation control
Earth switches
Q51 or Q52 may be operated if

Disconnectors Q1 and Q9 are open

Q8 may be operated if
Disconnector Q9 is open and feeder end is dead
ABB Group - 26 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Substation control
Other examples

For more details refer ABB Transmission and

distribution engineering guideline 1HVE 000026
ABB Group - 27 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Protection Application Substation control-
Handbook Synchronising
ABB Group - 28 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Substation control
Modes of Synchronising

Manual synchronising
Automatic Synchronising
ABB Group - 29 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Substation control
Definitions

Synchronising switch
Synchronizing check relay
Energising
Synchronising relay
Instruments
ABB Group - 30 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Substation control
Operation modes( Centrallised or per bay)

Manual via instruments

Manual via synchronising check relay
Automatic closing via synchronising or synchronising
check relay
For energising function the VT Fuses / MCBs should
be supervised
ABB Group - 31 -
Sep 16, 2017
 Substation control
PT supply

Voltage from both ends of CB is used for comparison

If measuring voltage not available voltage must be
selected by network image .
Some times interposing VTs are must
Different ratios of main VT
Adaptation between Star point and V connection
Galvanic separation with ration 1:1
Adaptation between nominal instrument voltage and ratio of
ABB Group - 32 -

VT
Sep 16, 2017
 Substation control
Substation control synchronising: 1HVE 000
029
Guide line defines different modes and accessory
devices for synchronising
ABB Group - 33 -
Sep 16, 2017
 ABB Group - 34 -
Sep 16, 2017
Substation control